فهرست مطالب محمدعلی زلفی گل

Horticultural waste is one of the top challenges these days. As the population increases, food loss and waste, which has a serious impact on the environment and human health. Horticultural waste is rich in nutrients, polysaccharides and antimicrobial compounds that can be used in the production of edible coatings. Edible coatings protect fruit from nutrient and mineral loss and extend shelf life. Strawberry fruit is one of the commercial horticultural crops because it contains important and diverse sources of natural antioxidants, flavonoids, phenolic acids and minerals. However, the fruit is highly perishable due to its high respiratory rate and metabolic activity, soft texture and lack of protective skin, which can lead to moisture loss, mechanical damage and fungal damage during harvesting, handling and packing. It is estimated that approximately 30% of strawberry fruit is wasted during the post-harvest stage before reaching the consumer. Therefore, reducing the destruction rate of its quantitative and qualitative properties is considered one of the most important challenges. Plant Extract Edible Coating (PEEC) is an environmentally friendly edible coating. Like other edible coatings, PEEC is a thin layer of material applied to the surface of a product. Pomegranate peel extract has biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal. This extract was used alone or in combination with other post-harvest treatments to preserve product quality. Tomatoes contain secondary metabolites called steroidal glycoalkaloids. These compounds primarily act as crop protection agents against insects, bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. This study evaluated the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract and tomato seedlings in maintaining strawberry fruit quality during cold storage and reducing post-harvest waste. 

Healthy fruits with uniform size, shape, and color were carefully selected from strawberries harvested from an orchard in Kamyaran, Kurdistan. We conducted a study to investigate the effects of coating these strawberries with pomegranate peel extract (1%) and tomato seedling extract (1%) on their physiological and qualitative responses. The fruits were coated with the respective plant extracts and subsequently stored at 4 ± 1°C and 90–95% relative humidity for a duration of 15 days. Strawberry quality was analyzed on the first day of storage and on days 5, 10 and 15. Various qualitative factors such as weight loss, firmness pH, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content, ascorbic acid, color and decay severity were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS (version 9.4) and mean comparisons were performed using the Duncan multiple range test. 

The study on the property retention and long-term cold storage time of pomegranate peel and tomato seedling extracts coating showed that a concentration of 1% of the extracts used have a significant effect on strawberry fruit quality and phytochemical parameters. It was shown to have a significant impact on strawberry fruit quality and phytochemical parameters, improving compared to the control treatment during cultivation. Weight loss increased with all treatments during storage. After 5 days of storage, no differences between treatments were discernible, but at the end of storage all treatments showed a clear decrease in fruit weight. Pomegranate peel and tomato seedling extracts reduced weight loss by 12% and 15%, respectively, while the control  significantly reduced weight loss by 26%. Despite the decrease in fruit tissue firmness during storage, the firmness of the plant extract-coated fruit was maintained and significantly different from the control. PH remained at low levels for all treatments compared to controls. The total acid and total soluble solids content of the fruit are affected by the treatments considered, the storage, and the combination of times and treatments. The total content of phenolic compounds reached 223 mg gallic acid and 236 mg gallic acid per 100 g fresh weight on the 10th and 15th storage days after treatment with pomegranate peel extract. For tomato seedling extract, this corresponds to 207 mg and 182 mg gallic acid per 100 g fresh weight. The total anthocyanin content in all fruits decreases with increasing storage time, but this trend increases after 10 days when tomato seedlings are treated. In all fruits, various treatments increase anthocyanin levels throughout the storage time. ANOVA of antioxidant activity showed no significant effects on treatment-independent and chronotherapy-interaction effects, while the time-independent effect showed a significant effect at 5%. The greatest antioxidant activity is associated with pomegranate peel extract. The frequency of this feature in treatment decreased with increasing storage time. During the treatment period, there was a progressive increase in antioxidant activity from the 10th to the 15th day, demonstrating a significant difference compared to the beginning of the treatment. Average comparison results revealed a slight but significant difference in the treatments concerning flavonoid content. Analysis of variance and comparison of mean results indicated a significant difference in ascorbic acid content during storage among the different treatments. Color indices remained consistent across all treatments. The 15-day shelf life of strawberries was assessed, and the treatments employed effectively reduced decay rates during storage. Upon analysis, it was determined that the 1% concentration of pomegranate peel extract exhibited the highest efficacy in suppressing the severity of spoilage.

Residues from various agricultural sectors have a variety of uses, including their properties as preservatives that extend the shelf life of perishable fruits and enhance the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. Replacing plant extracts with synthetic compounds can play an important role in preserving the characteristics and quality of strawberry fruits during storage. Based on the results of this study, an edible coating containing plant extracts from pomegranate peel and tomato seedling as natural preservatives was used to extend the shelf life and enhance the nutritional quality of strawberry fruits during cold storage. Finally, using natural compounds such as plant extracts from agricultural waste is a safe and healthy way to manage and preserve the properties of post-harvest agricultural products.

During recent years, Gemini ionic liquids (ILs), as a new type of surfactants, have gained much attention due to their significant interfacial activity. Accordingly, use of these materials to reduce crude oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and to enhance oil recovery is much advantageous. In this study, effects of concentration, temperature and pH on the crude oil-water IFT in the presence of Gemini IL surfactants were investigated. For this aim, alkyl chain length imidazolium based gemini ILs of [C4im-C4-imC4][Br2] and [C8im-C4-imC8][Br2] were synthesized and used. By measuring IFT of the system, under different conditions, the corresponding variations were considered. Results revealed the strong effect of alkyl chain length and concentration on the IFT, leading to, respectively, 72.5 and 97.5% reductions under critical micelle concentrations and temperature of 298.2 K. The Gemini IL surfactants were stable at high temperatures and under a wide range of pH, and that their performance was significantly promoted with these factors. In theoretical investigation, it was revealed that the experimental data were nicely consistent with the Frumkin adsorption isotherm and the obtained parameters with reasonable variations.

Powder production from agricultural products that cultivated in large area is important to prevent losses in harvesting time and changing harvested material to valuable product with longer shelf life. The aim of this study was to optimize the drying of watermelon juice in a radiant spray dryer using response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments were conducted in three levels of air temperatures (60, 75 and 90 °C) and three levels of maltodextrin concentration (5, 7.5 and 10% w/v) as an additive material. Dependent parameters were lycopene value, color change, pH, solubility, moisture content, bulk density and antioxidant capacity. Coefficient of determination for prediction of lycopene value, color change, solubility, moisture content and antioxidant capacity were derived 98.70, 94.19, 96.27, 98.50 and 98.71, respectively. With respect to the desired conditions in this research (the lowest change in color and the highest value for lycopene, solubility and antioxidant capacity), the optimized condition with RSM for air temperature, maltodextrin concentration, lycopene value, color change, solubility, moisture content and antioxidant capacity were 79.67 °C, 5% (w/v), 24.84 mg/100g, 37.86, 35.12%, 26.58% (d.b.) and 25.05%, respectively.

In this study, ultrasonic vacuum spray dryer was used to produce a dried powder of artichoke leaves extract.The drying process was performed in a vacuumed drying chamber at a lower temperature than the conventional spray dryers. The effects of independent variables (inlet temperature of 55-75 °C, vacuum pressure of 20-40 kPa, and solution concentration of 2-3%) were investigated on the functional (moisture content, particle size, bulk and tapped densities, flowability, and cohesiveness), reconstitution (wettability, dispersibility, and solubility) and chemical properties (total phenol content and DPPH scavening activity) of artichoke leaves extract powder with monohydrate lactose as a carrier in order to achieve the high process yield and desirable properties.The powders produced with the solution concentration of 3% showed the highest mean diameter of particle, bulk, and tapped densities, wetting angle (decreasing wettability) and total phenol content (TPC), while the values of dispersibility and solubility were the lowest. The increase in the inlet temperature and decrease in the vacuum pressure resulted in the particles with lower moisture content, bulk, and tapped densities as well as higher dispersibility and solubility. Chemical properties were influenced by the vacuum pressure and inlet temperature variables, both in a negative manner. The key results indicated that the solution concentration of 3%, inlet air temperature of 75 °C, and vacuum pressure of 20 kPa were the best conditions for artichoke leaves extract drying under the vacuum spray drying conditions.

Silica vanadic acid (oxo-vanadium has been supported on silica) with Lewis and Bronsted acid site is introduced as an efficient, reusable, and heterogeneous catalyst for tandem Knoevenagel–Michael reaction of two equivalents of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one with various aromatic aldehydes for the synthesis of 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s at room temperature. The present methodology offers several advantages over existing methodologies, such as excellent yields, short reaction time, simple procedure, easy work-up, mild reaction conditions, and synthesis of wide range of products. This procedure gave the products in excellent yields within very short reaction times over other vanadium(V) compounds. Also this catalyst can be reused six times without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.

In this research, a simple and highly efficient method for the synthesis of 2-amidoalkyl phenols using isatin-N-sulfonic acid as a solid acidic catalyst has been reported. 2-Amidoalkyl phenols were prepared in high yields and short reaction times by the three component condensation reaction of phenols, various arylaldehydes and amides in the presence of isatin-N-sulfonic acid at 90 °C under solvent free conditions.

The Two-dimensional Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (2D-QSAR) of a series of 44 triazine derivatives with antischizophrenia and antihuntingdon’s property has been studied. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)، Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) were used as regression analysis techniques with an attempt to derive a correlation between the biological activity as dependent variable and various descriptors as independent variables. The QSAR studies were performed using VLife MDS software. The models were validated for predictivity by both internal (q2) and external (Pred_r2) validation. Results indicated this is no significant statistical differences between calculated activities of these compounds with laboratory quantities thus، the obtained models allowed us to predict Antischizophrenia and Antihuntingdon activities of new Triazines derivatives.

In this paper, performance of Iranian researchers as shown by the latest information gathered from the scientific data base published by Scopus during the recent years, is examined and compared with those of several neighboring countries in particular with Turkey and some of the advanced countries. The results of this investigation indicates that in 2011, Iran with 34055 scientific documents ranked eighteen world wise while Turkey with 31,150 scientific documents ranked nineteen behind Iran. In 2011, Iran held the first rank in the region in production of scientific documents in accordance with Scopus data base. In addition, when we consider total number of published scientific documents world wise in 2011 in which the ratio of population of each country to the total world population is also taken into consideration, Iran with a ratio of 1 /42 as compared with 1/29 for Turkey, ranked higher and as such is considered to be in a superior scientific position in the region. This position has continued to be maintained in 2012 and has even reached a higher standing.

A direct relationship between university and industry with regard to application of research results is an important issue in Iran›s research and development policies. One of the routes of global research development is to introduce, establish and grow the private research centers. These establishments can organize the research in universities in way of being at the service of industries. Such attempts can also improve the growth of national services and reduces the elites› migration. This paper introduces top agencies in research and development in different countries to offer best practice models to scientific authorities of IR. Iran.

Ethic is a concept of logic and reveals the vice and virtues of behaviors. Since the administration of the society is not possible just by ethic، science and awareness of good and bad behaviors provide internal and external controlling obligations. Internal control is so called moral while external control emphasizes on ruling laws and regulations of society ignoring them leads to legal fines. There is no doubt that acceptance of the ethical principles improves both the internal and external efficiency of individuals and societies. Due to the worth and essence of knowledge the consideration of the ethical rules among the researchers and elites is inevitable necessity. Elites، scientists and researchers are the model guide for the society and their behaviors، speeches and actions play key role in culturalization of this model in society. To inform the authors in preparing good paper with high efficient results and findings، this paper highlights the ethical and non ethical behaviors in manuscript writing and conveys the expectations and necessities in this era along with some legal laws and relevant regulations.