فهرست مطالب gholamreza afsharmanesh

Abiotic stress from drought inhibits plant growth and decreases yields. Salicylic acid (SA) is classified as a compound that effectively reduces crop susceptibility and environmental stress by mitigating the harmful effects of many stressors. Numerous levels of SA protect several plant species from environmental stresses by initiating different processes involved in the stress tolerance mechanism. Fruit productivity and quality under dry stress conditions were examined by evaluating the effects of the application mode and various concentrations of SA. The split factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block design with four replicates in the Jiroft University Research Greenhouse was carried out. In this study, drought stress is the main factor at three levels (control, moderate and severe stress). Factorial treatment included interaction at two levels of (SA application method as foliar spray and soil drench) and (SA concentration include control, 1 and 1.5 mM SA). The results showed that relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage, titratable acidity (TA), average fruit weight, fruit yield, and the number of fruits per plant were affected by the interaction of drought stress, SA concentration and consumption method. Strawberry fruit production per plant was highest with 315.20 g from non-stress treatment with 1.5 mMof SA. Under severe drought stress, the maximum fruit production per plant of 201.80 g with 1.5 mM of SA was obtained, which increased the strawberry fruit productivity with an ascending concentration of SA. In strawberry plants, drought stress manifests in elevated levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves. Interestingly, moderate and high drought stress led to improvements in certain fruit quality indices such as vitamin C content, compared to those not subjected to stress. Another significant finding was that the application of SA increased the activities of CAT and POD enzymes, while also elevating the concentrations of chlorophyll and proline considerably. Finally, it is recommended to use 1.5 mM of SA as a foliar spray under drought stress conditions on greenhouse strawberries.

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on yield and some physiological traits of Pakistani Guar ecotype at different planting densities, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources Jiroft was implemented in two cropping years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Experimental design was factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (20, 60 and 100 kg of pure nitrogen in the soil from urea fertilizer source), phosphorus fertilizer at two levels (zero and 75 kg P2O5 from monopotassium phosphate fertilizer source) and plant planting densities of 24, 31 and 24. In square meters, distances between planting rows (30, 45 and 60 cm) were considered. The results showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and planting density had a significant effect on all traits. The highest seed yield and yield components in the first and second year were obtained from nitrogen and phosphorus application at 60 and 75 kg.ha-1, respectively, along with planting density of 31 plants per square meter at 4300 and 4200 kg.ha-1 and more. The highest levels of carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b were related to the application of 100 and 75 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, with plant density of 24 m2. Based on the results of this study, it seems that this plant does not need high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of legume, but is affected by nitrogen and phosphorus for high yield and product quality. Regarding planting density, if the goal is to achieve high yield, planting density of 31 plants per square meter and for high quality planting density of 24 plants per square meter is suitable. Guar can be considered as a plant with low expectations in terms of nutritional needs in the planting pattern program in the climatic conditions of southern Kerman and similar areas.

One of the basic pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of biological fertilizers with the aim of eliminating or reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. in recent years, nano fertilizers have been considered an effective solution to reduce nutrient losses and increase fertilizer use efficiency. In this regard, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of biological and nano fertilizers on the yield and morphological traits of cowpea in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design for two consecutive years (2018-2020). The studied factors included 4 levels of biological fertilizers (control, Amino Zn-chelate, AminoAlexin, and Bio-20) and 4 levels of nano chelates (control, Nano B-chelate, Nano K-chelate, and Nano Fe-chelate). The results showed that years had no significant effect on the studied traits. However, the application of biofertilizers, especially Bio-20, followed by AminoAlexin, achieved the highest growth characteristics and yield. Also, among nano chelate fertilizers, iron and that potassium had the most positive effect. The study of interaction effects showed that the lowest growth characteristics and yield were observed at the control treatment. However, the highest plant height, number of flowers, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and plant, 100-seed weight, and seed and straw yield were observed in Bio-20 application along with nano Fe-chelate and/or nano K-chelate. In general, we found that the combined application of biological fertilizers, especially Bio-20, along with nano Fe-chelate and nano K-chelate significantly improved the growth characteristics, yield, and yield components of cowpea.

This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of water deficit irrigation on the agronomic characteristics of fodder sorghum cultivars in Kerman province. This experiment was carried out as a strip split-plot in a complete randomized block design with four replications in a research farm of agricultural research center of Jirof and Kahnooj, Kerman province, in 2019 and 2020. Drought stress as a vertical factor in four levels including without stress (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) as control, mild stress (irrigation after 110 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan), medium (irrigation after 140 mm evaporation) and sever (irrigation after 180 mm evaporation) and four sorghum cultivars including Spidfeed, Sugar graze, Jumbo and Pegah as a horizontal factor. The highest yield of fresh forage yield under non-stressed conditions (control) was observed in Spidfeed and Pegah (121.60 and 118.79 ton.ha-1, respectively). Also, Spidfeed and Pegah had the highest dry forage yield under non-stressed conditions (control) as 22.50 and 20.69 ton.ha-1, respectively. Also, the highest yield of dry forage in mild drought stress was observed in Pegah and Speedfeed varieties (15.30 and 14.88 ton.ha-1, respectively) and under medium drought stress in Pegah (11.12 ton.ha-1), whereas Spidfeed variety was superior to others for dry forage yield (7.42 ton.ha-1), in severe drought stress. Based on MP and STI indices, Spidfeed and Pegah cultivars with higher average of dry fodder yield were selected as the most suitable genotypes under drought stress conditions in Jiroft region of Kerman province.

In order to investigate the effect of planting date on agronomic and physiolocal characteristics of maize hybrids in different groups in Jiroft region of Kerman province, an experiment as a split plot in the randomized complete block design with three replications in the city of Jiroft in the crop year 2017-2018 was conducted. Experimental factors were included planting date as the main factor at three levels of July 27, August 3 and August 10 and different hybrids as a secondary factor at 10 levels of early, late and medium maturing hybrids (701, 703, 705, 706, 707, 201, 260, 400, 370 and 704 as controls). There was a significant difference between the studied hybrids in terms of agronomic and physiological characteristics. The highest number of rows per ear was obtained in hybrid 706 and the highest number of seeds per row was obtained in hybrid 707. Delaying in planting was associated by of increasing stem diameter and biological yield and decreasing of plant height, ear length, number of rows per ear, seed yield, harvest index, GDD to physiological maturity and spad. By Delaing in planting, seed protein percent and proline accumulation increased. The most seed yield was obtained on July 17 in hybrid 260 (18.24 t.ha-1), August 3 in hybrid 210 (17.46 t.ha-1) and August 10 in hybrids 370 and 201 (17.4 and 17.28 t.ha-1). It seems that the delayed planting date due to exposure to unfavorable temperatures during tillering, pollination and granulation, as well as the reduction of the growing period was decreased yield and yield components.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of potassium and phosphorus biofertilizers on growth characteristics and yield of alfalfa (cv. ‘Nikshahri’) at different ages.

This combined experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years under the climatic conditions of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran. The studied factors included alfalfa age (one, three and five-years old) and bio-fertilizers (Control, Pota-Barvar, Phosphate Barvar II, Pota-Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II). The biofertilizers were used along with irrigation water.

The results of the combined variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between different ages of alfalfa in terms of some growth characteristics and yield. The highest yield and growth characteristics were related to three-year-old plants and the yield significantly decreased by increasing the age to 5-years old. Based on the results, the highest growth characteristics (except internode length) and yield were related to Pota-Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II treatment, which was not significantly different with Pota-Barvar treatment in term of leaf area index and leaf: stem weight ratio. The interaction effect of age and biofertilizer showed that the combined application of biofertilizers improved the growth characteristics and yield of the older alfalfa plants and the highest yield was found in 3-years old plants treated by combination of both biofertilizers.

The combined application of both biofertilizers (PotaBarvar + Phosphate Barvar II) can be an effective way to prevent alfalfa yield decline in old farms.

Two separate trials were conducted as a factorial design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Shahid Moghbeli Agricultural Research Center in Jiroft, Iran in two cropping seasons (2016-17 and 2017-18). In the first trial, the effects of planting method including direct planting and transplanting on different sugar beet cultivars including Palma, Sharif, and Merak were evaluated, and then in the second trial, among studied cultivars, a high yield cultivar (Merak) was selected. Also, the effect of irrigation time (based on 50, 70, and 90% of water requirement) and planting methods on its quantitative and qualitative yield were evaluated. In the first trial, the highest root dry matter, extraction coefficient of sugar, sugar content, root weight, root length, fresh leaf weight, root yield and sugar yield were obtained for Merak cultivar and transplanting. The result of the second trial showed that the irrigation time based on 70% of water requirement led to the highest root and sugar yield along with a significant improvement in water use efficiency. In addition, as transplanting improved root yield and sugar yield, therefore, transplanting method with irrigation at the time of 70% of water requirement is recommended to obtain optimal root yield and sugar yield.

Cluster bean with the English name of Cluster bean and the scientific name of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. is an annual and summer plant of the legume family that has a high drought tolerance and is a suitable product for hot and semi-arid regions (Ashraf et al, 2005). Based on their results on guar gum, the researchers showed that the highest grain yield and biological yield were obtained at a row spacing of 45 cm (Jagtap et al., 2011). Determining the desired row spacing in the field as one of the important agricultural activities has an effective role in how light is distributed in vegetation as well as intra-plant competition. Due to the geographical location and climatic conditions of Jiroft, which is one of the hot and dry regions of the country, it is necessary to identify and cultivate plants that are specific to these regions in accordance with the existing conditions, So Guar as food, industrial, fodder products. And the drug can be included in the summer cultivation pattern. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of this plant at different planting row spacing and achieve the best treatments (such as planting row spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus) in southern Kerman province (Jiroft region).

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on growth and yield of guar gum at different planting densities, as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping years 2019-2020 and 2020- 2021 in the Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources of Jiroft. Nitrogen at three levels (20, 60 and 100 kg/ha pure nitrogen) from urea and phosphorus fertilizer source at two levels (zero and 75 kg/ha P2O5 source) from mono potassium phosphate fertilizer source and row spacing at three levels (30, 45 and 60 cm) were considered.Measurement traits in this study included: plant height, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of branch, 1000-seed weight, pod length and seed yield. Data were collected and normalized and then analyzed using SAS software and the means were compared with LSD test. EXCEL software was used to draw the relevant shapes.

The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen, phosphorus and spacing between rows had a significant effect on all studied characteristics in terms of number of branch and pod length. The highest seed yield from 60 and 75 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, with observance of 45 cm row spacing at 4250 kg/ha, and the lowest seed yield of treatment were 20 and 0 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively observance of row spacing of 60 cm at 1800 kg/ha. According to the results, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels have little effect on seed yield and yield is mainly affected by row spacing, so high nitrogen and phosphorus levels are not necessary (Patel et al., 2002).

The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen, phosphorus and spacing between rows had a significant effect on all studied characteristics in terms of number of branch and pod length. The highest seed yield from 60 and 75 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, with observance of 45 cm row spacing at 4250 kg/ha, which compared to 20 and 0 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively observance of row spacing of 60 cm increased by 42.Therefore, application of 60 kg/ha nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus and planting distances of 45cm will create favorable conditions for maximum yield, which will be suitable in the climatic conditions of southern Kerman and similar areas, and guar can a low-water plant, in terms of water consumption, it should be included in the planting pattern of low-water plants.

 Potato production in tropical and subtropical regions of Iran is always associated with high temperatures in bulking stage in winter cultivation and also low temperatures in bulking stage in autumn cultivation. One of the most important strategies to mitigation these chalenges is to identify and introduce compatible cultivars from early to mid-early maturity groups and determine the effects of cultivation seasons on cultivars, which is the subject of this study.

in order to introduce new compatible cultivars with the autumn and winter cultivation season, this study was performed as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. In this study, cultivation season at two levels (autumn and winter cultivation) was considered as the main factor and cultivars at 10 levels including Concordia, Ottawa, Georgina, Ribera, Coronada, Colomba, Sylvana, Challenger, Atosa and Sante) were considered as sub-factor. The measured traits included the average number of tubers per plant and mean tuber weight per plant by marketable and non-marketable, weight percentage of non-marketable tubers, marketable yield, tuber dry matter content, dry weight of plant organs separately (haulm and tubers), biological yield and harvest index.

The response of the studied cultivars to autumn and winter cultivation seasons was very different. The highest tuber weight per plant was obtained from Colomba cultivar in autumn cultivation of first year and Ottawa cultivar in winter cultivation in both years. The lowest weight percentage of non-marketable tubers belonged to Colombus cultivar in autumn cultivation of the first year and winter cultivation of the second year, but the highest weight percentage of non-marketable tubers related to Georgina and Ribera cultivars in winter cultivation in both years and Challenger cultivar in autumn cultivation of second year. Sante, Challenger, Atosa and Ottawa cultivars in autumn cultivation and Challenger, Sante and Atosa cultivars in winter cultivation had the highest tuber dry matter content. Production and quality of potato tubers are affected by several factors, including cultivar and temperature stresses (Aien et al., 2017). The highest harvest index (78.4%) was obtained from Colomba cultivar in autumn cultivation. Georgina, Coronada and Atosa cultivars produced the highest haulm dry weight in winter cultivation. In the present study, plants in the winter cultivation in the first year from the beginning of the bulking stage and in the second year from the middle of the bulking stage were exposed to high temperatures. High temperatures reduce the production of assimilates in potatoes and decline the partitioning of assimilates to the tubers and increase their movement towards the haulm (Aien et al., 2017; Lizana et al.,2017). Marketable tuber weight per plant, harvest index, biological yield in both years and tuber dry matter percentage in the first year had a positive and significant correlation with marketable yield. However, the correlation between the number and weight of non-marketable tubers per plant, weight percentage of non-marketable tubers and haulm dry weight with marketable yield was negative and significant. Colomba, Ottawa and Sante cultivars in the first year of autumn cultivation with marketable yields of 44.23, 44.19 and 42.94 tons/ha, respectively, and in the second year by 42.35, 40.65 and 40.37 tons/ha, were superior than other cultivars. Also in winter cultivation, Ottawa and Colomba cultivars were superior with production of 46.1 and 42.36 tons/ha in the first year and by 48.4 and 43.02 tons/ha in the second year. Therefore, Colomba, Ottawa and Sante cultivars are recommended for autumn cultivation and Ottawa and Colomba cultivars for winter cultivation in the tropical regions of south of Kerman.

To investigate the effect of using nano-chelate zinc and iron ratios on yield and yield components of maize and cowpea seeds, a factorial experiment was conducted by using randomized completely block design with three replications in the south of Kerman, Iran, during 2018-2020. Experimental treatments consisted of five levels of mixed culture of corn and beans (100% beans, 75% beans + 25% corn, 50% beans + 50% corn, 25% beans + 75% corn, and 100% corn) and four levels of iron and zinc nanoclates combination (iron nanoclate, zinc nano-chelate, iron nano-chelate + nano-chelate zinc and control). Number of seeds per ear row, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index were measured. The results showed that the effect of planting ratios on number of seeds per ear, 1000-seed weight and harvest index were statistically significant at 1% and on grain yield at 5% level of probability while it was not significant on number of seeds per ear row and number of rows per ear. The highest number of seeds per ear (707.8), seed yield (12787 kg.ha-1) and 1000-seed weight of corn (253 g) were obtained from 25% bean + 75% corn crop ratio. The highest harvest index (52%) was obtained from pure culture. Simultaneous application of nano-chelate iron and zinc increased the quantitative and qualitative properties of corn. Intercopping of 25% cowpea + 75% corn with nano-chelate application produced the highest proein percent (22.3 %). The highest value of land equality ratio (total) (2.12) was obtained by using a mixed cultivation treatment of 75% bean + 25% corn and the lowest (1.57) by 25% of beans were +75% of corn and zinc combinations. Finally, the highest grain yield of 12,993 kg.ha-1 was obtained from a intercropping of 75% corn + 25% bean and application of iron and zinc.

Using of potassium soloblizing bacteria in mineral potassium-rich soils can increase the solubility of soil potassium and its absorbtion by plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of potassium biofertilizer in comparison with common potassium chemical fertilizers in the region on yield and yield components of bread wheat.

In this study, the effect of K bio-fertilizer application on wheat cultivars in Kerman., Iran was evaluated. For this purpose, these experiments were conducted in Split-Plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Islamic Azad University farm, Jiroft, Iran. Different cultivars of wheat at three levels including Chamran 2, Barat and Khalil were as main plot and sources and amounts of K fertilizer were at four levels were in sub plots. K fertilizer levels were included 1. Control (without using any K fertilizers)2. Potassium sulfate fertilizer application (based on soil test results) 3. Half recommended fertilizer based on soil test results plus fertilizer application and 4. Potassium bio fertilizer Alone (From the source of Potabarvar).

Results showed that bread wheat cultivars had different response to different levels of K fertilizer treatment during two years of study. However, application of K biofertilizer alone and in combination with 50% reduction in recommended fertilizer could improve grain yield in Chamran wheat cultivars (8 t.ha-1) and Khalil (7.49 t.ha-1) and Barat cultivar (7.6 t.ha-1), respectively.What was evident in the results was that potassium bio fertilizer improved biological yield and grain yield, harvest index, thousand seed weight and plant height.

The application of potassium biological fertilizer combined with 50% of recommended K chemical fertilizer significantly reduce the amount of mineral K fertilizers and production costs and improve product health.

To investigate the effect of different planting row ratios of parental lines and agronomic methods on synchronizing of flowering and seed production of SCK703 hybrid maize, a field experiment was carried out as a strip plot arranegemnts in randomized complete block design with three replications in southern Kerman agricukltural and natural rseraech and education center, Jiroft, Iran, in 2015 growing season. In this experiment, vertical factor included maternal:parental row ratios at three levels (4:1, 4:2 and 6:2) and horizontal factor (agronomic techniques) at four levels included: 1. different sowing dates; the first paternal line sown when the maternal’s radicle reached two centimeters and the second paternal line when 50% emergence of maternal line . 2. different sowing depth; sowing depth for the first and second paternal lines were 6 and 8 centimeter, respectively. Maternal line’s sowing depth was 4 centimeter in all treatments 3. seed hydro-priming of maternal line and 4. seed hydro-priming + 10% additional nitrogen. The effect of different planting row ratios of parental lines was significant on seed yield, however the effect of agronomic techniques applied for synchronizing of flowering was not significant. Grain yield was significantly affected by the interaction of planting row ratios × agronomic techniques. The highest seed yield (3620 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 4:2 parental planting row ratios and hydro-priming + 10% additional nitrogen. This package of treatment was not significantly different from the package of treatments of planting row ratio (4:2) and different sowing date and sowing depth with seed yield of 3590 and 3450 kg.ha-1, respectively. Therefore, for easier caliberation of seed sowing machine, it is more practical to sow the first paternal line in six centimeter depth and the second paternal line in 8 cenetmeter depth (the maternal line sowing depth would be four centimeter in all treatments). The maternal:parental planting row ratio of 4:2 is suitable for Jiroft regions in Iran.

The effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of mung bean cv were studied in a split-plot experiment, based on a randomized complete block design in three replications, which was performed at the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Jiroft in 2010-2011. The main-plots were devoted to sowing date at four levels (June 29, July 6, July 12 and July 20) and the sub-plots were devoted to density at three levels (10, 20 and 30 plants m-2). Analysis of variance revealed that sowing date significantly influenced plant height at the 1% level of probability and the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, grain yield and biomass at the 5% level of probability. The effect of plant density was significant on the number of pods per plant and biomass at the 5 and 1% probability levels, respectively. The interaction of sowing date and plant density was significant only for plant height and biomass yield. The highest grain yield (1001 kg ha-1) was obtained from July 6 and the lowest one (714.3 kg ha-1) from July 20. Although the effect of plant density was not statistically significant on grain yield, the highest grain yield (907.98 kg ha-1) was related to the density of 30 plants m-2. Considering the one-year results, the best sowing date can be regarded as to be July 6 with the density of 10 plants m-2 under the regional conditions of Jiroft.

Maize hybrid KSC 703 (K47/3 x MO17) produced grain yield 12.034 t/ha over seven locations in 2010, compared to KSC 704 with 12.034 t/ha, as check. During two years evealuation ( 2011-2012) over 12 locations, this hybrid revealed grain yield 11.291 t/ha, comparing to KSC 704 with 9.506 t/ha, showing 1.785 t/ha (18.8%) yield increase. On farm experimants carried out in Islam Abad, Ravansar, Mahtabi, in 2013, revealed 14.400 t/ha with 20.5% moisture, compared to KSC 704 by 11 t/ha with 23.1% moisture contenet in Islam Abad, Kermanshah province (3.667 t/ha yield increase and 2.6% less moisture content). In Ravansar (Kermanshah province), this hybrid showe average grain yied 16.233 t/ha with 20.5% moisture content, comparing to KSC 704, with 11.500 t/ha, with 23% moisture contenet, meaning 4.733 t/ha yield increase and 2.5% lower moisture content . In Mahtabi (Jiroft region), this hybrid yielded 2.815 t/ha more grain than KSC 704 (23%), and 3.815% less grain moisture at harvesting time.

A breeding program was started in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in 1999, to produce an improved maize hybrid with a relative heat stress tolerance. Consequently at 2005 a few S6 lines with having moderately tolerance to high temperature were obtained. These combinates were then evaluated for three consecutive years in three sub-tropical regions of the country includes Khzestan, Ilam and Kerman (Jiroft) in the semi final, final and on-farm experiments. These experiments resulted to selection of a hybrid with a relatively high temperature tolerance (produced by crossing of SLD45/1/2-1 × SLH2/29/14/2-4/1 lines). This hybrid was 12 days physiologically early-mature than SC704 hybrid SC704 (control), and heat stress tolerance due to the shorter of tassel to silk initiation period (1.5 days in average). This line had 10500-11500 kg ha-1 average seed yield and non-significant difference with the control in experiments. Now because of farmers enthusiasm, seed production level of this hybrid is about 200 ha and consequently over 25000 ha of farms are planting by this line across tropical regions of the country

Maize hybrid KSC 706 (K3547/4 × MO17) produced grain yield 11.713 t ha-1, when evaluated in eight locations over two years (2007-8), comparing to KSC 704 with 9.845 t/ha. On farm experiments in 2012, in Kermanshah province in two locations, this hybrid produced 13.100 and 13.300 t ha-1 in Eslam Abad and Ravansar as first cropping, respectively, comparing to KSC 704, with 11.300 and 9.700 t ha-1. In Moghan, as second cropping, this hybrid produced 7.180 t ha-1 compared to KSC 704 which produced 6.930 t ha-1. In Jiroft, as second cropping in two locations, KSC 706 and KSC 704 (Check) produced 17.570 and 15.100 t ha-1, in Mahtabi location (16.4% yield increase), as well 12.400 and 11.800 t ha-1 in Haji Abad location (5.1% yield increase), respectively. Under second cropping in Shosh, KSC 706 and KSC 704 (Check), revealed 10.130 and 8.952 t ah-1, respectively, meaning 1.178 t ha-1 (13.2 % yield increase) yield increase over KSC 704.

As compared to KSC 704 hybrid with 9.844 t/ha, the maize hybrid, KSC 705(K3640/3 × MO17) produced an average grain yield of 11.120 t/ha over seven locations evaluated in final trials for two consecutive years (2007-8). In advanced yield trials done in 2011, across seven locations, this hybrid performed the highest grain yield, 10.450 t/ha, while KSC 704 produced 8.513 t/ha. In addition to the grain yield preference, grain moisture in KSC 705 was about two percent less than KSC 704 at harvesting stage under farmer's conditions. Hybrid KSC 705 with an average of grain yield 10.585 t/ha showed 833 kg/ha (8.5%) superiority to KSC 704 (9.753 t/ha), once evaluated in adaptability trials conducted in nine locations for two years (2011-12). On farm experimental results obtained from Eslam Abad, Ravansar, Mahtabi and Shoosh in 2012 revealed that KSC 705 with an average grain yield and moisture of 12.617 t/ha and 20.94%, showed a superiority of 1.429 t/ha (12.8%) over the yield of KSC 704 (11.188 t/ha) and 2.31 less grain moisture comparing to KSC 704 with 23.25% grain moisture. Comparing to KSC 704, this hybrid was seven days earlier. In contrast to KSC 704 with a moderately susceptible reaction to common smut under artificial infection, KSC 705 was rated as a moderate resistant type. For fusarium ear rot, both hybrids were classified into moderately resistant hybrid's group.

Considering the limited resources of water and dominant draughts, deficit irrigation is an important strategy to obtain the product in water shortage conditions. Deficit irrigation aims to produce more products from less water. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of deficit water and poultries manure on the performance, performance components, and water use efficiency of potato in Jiroft. The experiment was conducted in strip-plot form in the complete random blocks design with three replications. Three water levels as a main factor including 100, 75 and 50 percent of plant water requirement and four manure levels as secondary factor including 0, 5, 10 and 15 Ton ha-1 were considered. The results indicated that different levels of irrigation and poultries manure on both water use efficiency and potato yield were (1%). Also, the impact of different levels of irrigation and the poultries manure on the weight of potato tuber is significant.Moreover, the interaction of the irrigation regime and poultries manure on water use efficiency and potato yield was not significant. Furthermore, the effect of different levels of irrigation and poultries manure alone on the plant height was not significant, but their interaction was significant. Though the effect of different irrigation levels on the percentage of dried material of tuber was not significant, the impact of different levels of poultries manure, and the interaction of irrigation regime and poultry manure on tuber dry matter was significant.