h. fallahzadeh

Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition that can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs. The standard treatment involves surgical removal of the herniated disc. However, some patients experience recurrent lumbar disc herniation. This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation after laminectomy and discectomy surgery.

This case-control study included 150 patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy and discectomy surgery in Yazd County hospitals from 2020 to the first half of 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation; The non-recurrence group (100 patients) and the recurrence group (50 patients). Data on COVID-19 infection, number of infections, hospitalization, received treatments, and hospital stay duration were collected and analyzed using Chi-square, T-test, and ANOVA.

A significant association was found between COVID-19 infection and lumbar disc herniation recurrence (p=0.03). Patients in the recurrence group had a higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection (66% vs. 40%), hospitalization due to COVID-19 (18% vs. 7%), and treatment with remdesivir (14% vs. 4%) compared to the non-recurrence group. Additionally, the number of COVID-19 infections was significantly associated with lumbar disc herniation recurrence (p=0.01). Further analysis revealed that receiving remdesivir and symptomatic treatments for lumbar disc herniation were significantly associated with recurrence (p=0.02).

COVID-19 infection and its recurrence are associated with the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation.

Drug use not only affects a person's physical and mental health, but also affects the health of others in the community. Various variables, including demographic and social factors, affect drug use. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of drug use and related factors in the participants of Shahedieh Cohort Study.

A descriptive study was performed using the first phase of Shahedieh cohort study on 10194 adult residents of Shahdieh, Zarch, and Ashkezar in 2015-2016. The aim of the cohort study was to assess the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in adults aged 35-70 years. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 20 using chi-square and logistic regression.

The prevalence of illicit drug use in the present study was 15.5% with a mean age of onset of 31.5 ± 9.2 years. The most common drug was opium (98.2%). The most common method of drug use was inhalation (98.1%). The logistic regression showed that male gender (P< 0.001), age 40 to 49 years (P<0.001), low education (below high school diploma) (P<0.001), positive history of smoking (P<0.001) and alcohol consumption (P<0.001) were the most important factors associated with drug use. In addition, a positive history of ischemic heart disease (P=0.007) and psychiatric disorders (P=0.02) were the diseases related to drug use.

The prevalence of drug use was high in the study population. There is an urgent need for intervention and preventive measures to solve this complex social problem.

The identification of risk factors for breast cancer has an important role in examining the status of cancer care system. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer in women aged 35 to 70 years based on the data from the first phase of Shahedyeh Cohort Study (SCS) in Yazd province.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using the data from the first phase of SCS in Yazd province in 2015-2017. In this study, 4820 women aged 35 to 70 years were investigated, including 25 (0.6%) with a history of breast cancer and 4795 (99.4%) without any history of breast cancer. The data used in this study included demographic and reproductive histories of the women. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression.

The results showed that breastfeeding for less than 11 months increases the chance of breast cancer by 2.78 times, hormone therapy after menopause by 2.07 times, the onset age of menopause ≥46 by 1.71 times, having a history of abortion by 1.63 times, taking contraceptive pills by 1.59 times, age at menarche ≤13 by 1.49 times, and being overweight and obesity by 1.45 times.

According to the results, breastfeeding for less than 11 months, hormone therapy after menopause, the onset age of menopause after 46 years, and taking contraceptive pills were the most important risk factors for breast cancer.

Genetically Modified (GM) foods are produced using genetic engineering. This survey attempted to identify the presence of GM rice varieties among some imported rice samples in Iran.

From May to July 2016, a total of 50 samples of the imported rice to Iran were obtained, including 20 bulk rice samples from Bandar Abbas custom, Southern Iran and 30 retail rice samples from some commercial brands sold in the local markets of Yazd, Iran. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to assess the GM varieties.

None of the studied rice samples had the target genes related to GM products. 

This study indicated no evidence for presence of GM rice among some bulk and retail imported rice samples in Iran. Since marketing of GM rice is not legally permitted in Iran, more comprehensive studies must be designed with higher sample size in various provinces of country to achieve more detailed data about situation of GM rice in the Iranian markets. DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.7.4.4849

Health literacy is defined as the capacity of an individual to acquire, interpret, and comprehend basic information and health services, which largely influences health-related decision-making. Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease, which adversely affects the quality of life the patients. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation of health literacy with the quality of life of the asthmatic patients referring to the clinics affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran in 2018.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 300 patients with asthma, who were selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaires of demographic characteristics, quality of life, and health literacy, which completed in a self-report manner. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The majority of the patients were female (52.3%) and married (87.3%), with the mean age of 43.9±11.08 years. The majority of the patients (73.3%) used the option of asking physicians and healthcare providers to receive the necessary information regarding their disease. The mean score of health literacy was 100.78±28.55, and the highest and lowest scores belonged to the components of evaluation (68.5) and accessibility (55.36), respectively. In addition, the health literacy of the majority of the subjects (45%) was inadequate. The mean score of the quality of life was 46.91±5.32, with the highest and lowest mean scores observed in the concerns about health (17.41±2.88) and physical dimensions (10.66±2.88), respectively. However, no significant correlations were observed between the health literacy and its components and various dimensions of the quality of life (P>0.05).

According to the results, the level of health literacy and quality of life of the asthmatic patients were not favorable, and no significant correlations were observed between health literacy and its components with the dimensions of the quality of life. Therefore, studies are required to investigate the mediating factors that may affect these variables. Furthermore, the development of comprehensive programs, simple and understandable educational materials, and effective psychological interventions could enhance the health literacy skills and quality of life of asthmatic patients.

randomized controlled trials are gold standard for investigate treatment effect and important characteristics among the groups is random assignment. In studies، there is no random allocation between the groups; hidden bias may be defined results.

We performed sensitivity analysis method was proposed by Mr. Resenbum using R software and programming environments were analyzed. The study population included patients who had been diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound.

The analysis of the results with routine statistical tests showed there was statistically significant in liver enzymes (ALT، AST and AUK) between groups. However، sensitivity analysis model showed that results were sensitive to hidden bias and lead to disturbed results.

The results of the model sensitivity analysis shows that vitamin E has no effect on liver enzymes. In this study، the sensitivity is low to hidden bias and has affected the results.

Backgrouand: Study and promotion of knowledge، Attitude and behavior of oil and Fats consumption among Women has and essential role in determination of health status in community. We studied the amount of effectiveness of theatre in the women knowledge، Attitude and behavior on the consumption of oil and Fats.

this is Experimental (before and after) study on 130 women''s in two group of case and control Data collecting was done by questionnaire demographic Variables and questions of knowledge، Attitude and behavior. Reliability and validity were assessed and approved. Data analysis was performed by SPSS Soft ware.

Before the theatre the average knowledge of the women was 15/53 out of 26. After the theatre this knowledge reached to 21/38 (P<0/001). Before the teacher the average attitude of the women vas 31/13 out of 40. After the theatre reached to 32/8 (P>0/001). Also before the theatre the average behavior of the women was 13/13 out of 24 after the theatre reached to 15/70 (P<0/001). That the differences were significant.

According to these results the education through theatre had the effect on the knowledge، Attitude and behavior of oil and Fats consumption among women.

Hypertension is one of the most important challenges in human health and is now the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Thus، using new approaches to manage and treat this problem is important. This study aimed to determine the effect of coenzyme-Q10 supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

This randomized clinical trial with a three-month supplementation and participation of 60 hypertensive patients was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Placebo (PG) and Experimental EG groups. EG received a capsule containing 100 mg coenzyme Q10 daily but PG did not. S ystolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured before and twelve weeks after the intervention.

The median SBP before and after the intervention in SG، was 150 and 130 mmHg (P=0. 002) respectively. The same figures in the PG was 150 and 147 mmHg (P=0. 52)، respectively. The median SBP was not significantly different between two groups before intervention، however at the end of the intervention it was significant (p=0. 01). The median DBP before and after the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups، a nd also in each group before and after the intervention was not significant.

This study indicates that supplementation of daily 100 mg of coenzyme Q10 during 12 weeks with conventional treatment in patients with moderate hypertension produces a significant reduction in SBP. So it can be recommend to be used it as a supplement for hypertensive patients.

Organizational commitment subject has been attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. In health care organizations, increasing of commitment and responsibility in human resources is very important, because customers of health organizations are human resources of other organizations. The present study was done to determine the effect of instruction of reducing work hours on organizational commitment of intensive care nurses.

In this semi experimental study, all nurses working in intensive care units were samples. Data collection was done by Allen and Meyer`s organizational commitment questionnaires before the implementation of instruction of reducing work hours and six month after it. Data was analyzed by statistical SPSS 16 software in significance level of P<0.05.

65 intensive care nurses participated in the study. The majority of nurses were female (92.3%) and married (70.8%). The mean age of samples in this study was 32.8±7.5 years and mean work history of them was 8.3±7.4 years. The mean total score of organizational commitment before the intervention was 95.2±20.9 and after it was 113.5±16.6 and the changes in the mean total score of organizational commitment and its dimensions before and after the intervention showed a statistically significant difference through increment (P<0.0001).

Results of present study showed increment of organizational commitment level by significant difference in organizational commitment score and its dimensions after the implementation of intervention. Considering the critical shortage of nurses in 57 countries and importance of retention of nurses especially in intensive units, nurse managers can achieve this by providing the satisfaction of the income and benefits and good working conditions and supporting and encouraging employees by increasing job satisfaction and organizational commitment and its dimensions.

Supplying the needed food of the world is the problem that humanity with all its power became unable. Today in most countries، soy food products have a special place in daily diets. Having relatively low price، lack of cholesterol and lactose، essential polyunsaturated fats and also decreasing the fat and cholesterol and preventing atherosclerosis are the benefits and outstanding characteristics of soy food products. The purpose of this study was evaluating the sensory characteristics of soy yogurt، especially taste and texture by adding the flavors of banana، oranges،strawberry and modified starch to improve properties of soy yogurt such as texture and flavor.

This study was based on sensory evaluation of 120 students. Methodology of data collection was questionnaire. The modified starch at different concentrations (0/25، 0/75،1،1/25 percent) and accepted flavor and rate of synersis according to statistical tests of kruskalwallis and ANOVA were assessed.

Sensory evaluation of flavor and texture was done on seventh day of maintenance. The results showed that the highest score of acceptable texture was related to concentrations of 1- 0/75- 0/5and1/25 percent respectively. The highest score of accepted flavor was related to flavors of oranges، banana and strawberry respectively.

using flavors in the soy yogurt causes removal of undesirable flavors and also bringing variety in products. With regard to the different capacity of water binding، vegetal and animal proteins the use of stabilizers can be effective in the improvement of appearance characteristics، especially texture of soy yogurt.

Cardivascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in the world contributing to one third of entire mortality in the world. This disease also has significant consequcnces. To prevent it implementing instructional programes is needed. Health volunteers are of potential capacity to improve mothers'' knowledge، attitude، and performance. The aim of this study was is determining the effect of instruction of health volunteers on knowledge، attitude and performance of mothers

This study is clinical trial conducted on 310 mothers learned by health volunteers. Mothers and health volunteers were selected randomly. The effect of the instruction on mothers was controlled 6 months after implanting the research spss 16 was used to analyse the data.

The results of study showed that the mean score of mothers knowledge before implementing the plan was 26. 4 [from 38 (69/4%)] and after it، arrived at 31/2 (82/1%) (p=. /…). mean score of mothers attitude was 24. 2 [from 30 (80. 6%)] and after instruction becom 27. 6 (92%) that is satisfactory (p=. /…). The averge score of mothers on performance was 14. 7 from 40 (37/7%) and after instruction become 17/2 (44/1%) and the result of Tpaired test with p=. /… showes significant relation.

In this study، the effect of health volunteers'' instruction on motheres was 12/7% increasing in knowledge، 11/4% increasing in attitude and 6/4% increasing in performance it seem، we need more studies to bring chage in performance of the subjects.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease its incidence of which in increasing for machine life development in most parts of the world. Dyslipidemia is one of the common disorders in this malady causing development and progression of short and long term complications. One of the usual approaches for controlling and preventing the complications of DM is using herbal products such as green and sour tea. The aim of this study was compare the effect of these teas on glucose and lipid profile in type 2 DM with overweight and obesity.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 type 2 diabetic patients in Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2011. The diabetic patients were randomly divided into green(GG) and sour tea(SG) groups. Two groups used tea for 4 weeks, three times a day, 150 ml two hours after each main meals. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids and lipoproteins were measured at the beginning and the end of the intervention.

Ninety four patients completed the study. The mean of FBG, lipids and demographic variables did not significantly differ between two groups at the beginning and the end of intervention. Only the mean for HDL-C significantly increased at the end of intervention in both groups, so that in SG the mean from 37.1 ± 8.4 at the beginning reached 41.8 ± 8.8 mg/dl at the end of intervention (16.6% increase) and in GG the related figures were 38.7 ± 9.1 and 43 ± 13 mg/dl (14% increase) respectively.

This study revealed that both sour tea and green tea consumption caused significantly increase of HDL-C in both groups. Regarding this effect and another useful reported effects by similar studies, consumption of these can be recommended for dyslipidemic patients especially in patients with diabetes.

Skin cancers including non-melanoma (NMSC) and melanoma are the most frequent skin cancers in the world. Skin cancer is the most common type of skin cancer in Iran too. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of Yazd people concerning skin cancer and sun protection.

A questionnaire was used to 360 participants aged 18- 55 years.

Of the 358 participants who completed the questionnaire,44% were male and 56% female. Mean of knowledge score was 12.7 ± 5.04, mean of attitude score was 28.94 ± 2.95, and mean of performance was 8.37 ± 1.75. This study showed that knowledge was significantly associated with age, gender, education, and job (P< 0.05).Attitude toward skin cancer was significantly associated with education and job (P< 0.05), and performance was significantly associated with education (P< 0.05). Also there was a significant relationship between knowledge of skin cancer with attitude and performance, and between attitude with performance. The mass media was the main source of information about skin cancer for participants.

This study highlights the role of knowledge on attitude and performance and the role of attitudes on performance as well as people’s level of knowledge, attitude and performance as they are influenced by several factors including gender, age, education and job. These factors should be kept in mind when designing intervention programs concerning skin cancer and take steps to protect against it.

Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem that leads to severe complications, is the cause of early death, and is showing an increase in frequency. Development of positive health behaviors is extremely important for prevention of diabetes in at high- risk individuals. This study aims to identify the relationship between health beliefs and diabetes preventive behaviors in individuals at high-risk for developing type2 diabetes mellitus in Taft city. A study using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework was undertaken with 114 subjects of both genders aged 30 years and above from three urban health centers who were diagnosed as at high risk for type2 diabetes during the screening program. Research tool was a 66-item questionnaire. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and Mann–Whitney U-test.

Of the total, 29.8% of subjects were male and 70.2% were female. Regarding education, 68.4% of the subjects had not completed high school and 89.4% of them was married. Mean score of knowledge and preventive behaviors was 5.80 ±2.87 and5.41 ±2.83, respectively such that subjects scored 30.05% of maximum obtainable score of preventive behaviors. There were significant correlations between preventive behaviors and perceived susceptibility, r=0.243(P<0.009), perceived severity, r=0.312(P<0.001), perceived barrier, r=0.245 (P<0.006) and perceived self-efficacy, r=0.497 (P<0.001). Preventive behaviors among the subjects at high- risk for developing type 2 diabetes despite the presence of risk factors was poor due to lack of susceptibility, severity, barriers and self-efficacy perception.

From maturity to menopause, women are worried about pregnancy. Abstinence from sex or use of pregnancy prevention methods are choices for them. As abstinence is impossible, the only remaining choice is use of pregnancy prevention methods. Effective control of pregnancy is really essential for the health of mother and infant and also control of unplanned increase in population. Regarding the importance of continuance rate of pregnancy prevention methods (OCP, IUD, Condom &DMPA) & the reasons for their disruption, this study was carried out with the aim of determining the continuance rate and reasons for discontinuance of pregnancy prevention methods in Yazd women.

This was a cross-sectional study. Six urban health care centers of Yazd were selected as study clusters and information of 15-49 year old women using the pregnancy prevention methods (OCP, IUD, Condom& injection) was collected via a questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed by Coplan- Mayer statistic method and variance analysis test.

Pregnancy prevention methods were most prevalent in the 25-34 years old age group (57%). Mean duration of pregnancy prevention method usage was 27.98 months using Caplan-mayer method with a median of 24 months. 86.3% for 6 months, 72.8% for 12 months, 62.5% for 18 months, 47.9% for 24 months, 39.9% for 30 months and 37% for 37 months had used four certain methods of pregnancy prevention (OCP, IUD, Condom and Injection). The reasons of discontinuance were disease (15.6%) for OCPS, bleeding (27%) for IUD, unwanted pregnancy (21%) for Condoms and also disease (75%) for Injection method.

According to the results, not only education programs regarding family planning before starting each pregnancy prevention method to women is recommended, but a complete incentive consultation about these methods is essential. This educational & consultation programs should be implemented initially for women using OCP method.