hamid

The water extract of Petasits hybridus leaves was used in this study to create the high-performance ZnO/Fe3O4@GO magnetic nanocomposites, which were then used as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) and cefixime (CFX). The initial concentrations of CFX and AMX, contact time, solution pH, temperature, and adsorbent dose were among the adsorption parameters that were examined. The pseudo second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, provided good fits to the adsorption kinetic and isotherm. When CFX and AMX are adsorbed onto ZnO/Fe3O4@GO nanocomposite, the initial amounts are 10 mg. Moreover, ZnO/Fe3O4@GO adsorb CFX and AMX at pH values of 6 and 8.5 respectively. The low cost of the adsorbent, its great efficiency, and its ease of use are its advantages.

In the process of politicization of ethnic groups in Iran, Baloch is one of the main political ethnic groups in Iran. Balochs, like any other society, have some internal social cleavages that affects the political behavior of this ethnicity. Knowing these distinctions and their political consequences is the purpose of this article. This research was carried out with the approach of political sociology and thematic analysis method, along with the use of library studies and the technique of interviewing ethnic researchers. Results of this research show that among the Baloch in the pre-modern era, divisions related to traditional construction such as "tribal conflicts" and "regional differences" exist. In addition, in the Pahlavi era political divisions caused by the period of transition such as "elite conflict" and "ideological and organizational conflicts" took place. Finally, after the revolution new divisions such as the "gender gap" and "generational gap" along with other factors have influenced the political behavior of the Baloch people. Providing grounds for foreign interference and the presence of the central government, creating obstacles for pursuing ethnic demands, preventing ethnic identity from becoming extreme and fluid, and plural political identity are the political consequences of the social cleavages among the Baloch.

Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a member of viridans streptococci. It is non-capsulated, bile insoluble and optochin susceptible in ambient air but resistant in 5% CO2. This study aimed to isolate S. pseudopneumoniae from sputum specimens of patients admitted to Chest Department and Chest ICU of Assiut University hospitals, differentiate it from Streptococcus pneumoniae in addition, to evaluate the prevalence of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae in clinical isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods, to subject the isolates to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using agar disc diffusion method.

Isolation of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae from sputum sample and doing phenotypic test (optochin susceptibility test,bile susceptibility test and antimicrobial susceptibility test) and genotypic test by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for five genes: CpsA, LytA, AliB-like ORF2, 16S rRNA and Spn9802 genes.

Twenty isolates of S. pseudopneumoniae were diagnosed phenotypically by optochin susceptibility and bile solubility tests followed by genotypic characterization by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for five genes: CpsA, LytA, AliB-like ORF2, 16S rRNA and Spn9802 genes. The prevalence of S. pseudopneumoniae among studied patients was 10% (20/200).

The pure growth of S. pseudopneumoniae from sputum samples together with the great percentage of antibiotic resistance should raise attention to the clinical importance of this organism.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding a 10-day course of levamisole (LVM) to the standard care compared with standard care alone, on the clinical status of COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate disease. 

  In this randomized open-label trial, we enrolled non-hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 at nine health centers in Tehran province, Iran, in 2021. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a 10-day course of LVM with standard care (n=185) or standard care alone (n=180) in a 1:1 ratio. On days 1 to 10, LVM was administered orally at a dosage of 50 mg. The participants were called and followed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 14. The measured parameters were general health condition, hospitalization rate, signs and symptoms, and adverse events. The generalized estimating equations model was used for analysis. 

Among 507 randomized patients, 473 patients started the experiment and received LVM plus standard care or received the standard care alone; 385 patients included in the analysis; 346 (98%) patients completed the trial. The median age of the patients was 40 years [IQR: 32-50.75]; and ‎201 (55.1%)‎ patiens were male. The mean age, sex ratio, and frequency of the underlying diseases of the patients in the two study groups had no ‎statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Compared to the control group, LVM improved the general health condition of the patients (B=-0.635; 95% CI: -0.041,-0.329; P<0.001). Patients receiving LVM compared with standard care group had significantly lower odds of developing fever (OR=0.260; 95% CI: 0.11‎‎3‎,0.59‎‎9‎; P=0.002), chills (OR=0.223; 95% CI:‎‎ 0.07‎‎6,‎0.64‎‎8‎; P= 0.006), fatigue (OR=0.576; 95% CI:‎ 0.34‎‎6,‎0.96‎‎0‎‎; P=0.034), and myalgia (OR=0.54‎‎4‎; 95% CI:‎ 0.31‎‎7‎,0.93‎‎2‎‎; P=0.027). No significant difference was observed in the rate of hospitalization. Although the intervention group had greater adverse effects than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. 

Findings of this study suggest that LVM has clinical benefits in improving patients’ health condition with mild to moderate COVID-19.

International economic sanctions (IES) influence a country’s economic development and the overall welfare of a nation’s population.

An electronic search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted until July 31, 2019. Additionally, a list of references to related articles was reviewed. Key search terms were “Economics”, “Health”, “Sanction”, and their equivalents with no language or time restriction.

Totally, 8624 records were identified of which 2869 duplicates were deleted. Finally, 24 papers met the inclusion criteria and were selected for drafting. The number of papers included for evaluating each factor included healthcare (n=16) and pharmaceutical industry (n=10). Nine and eight studies examined the effect of sanctions imposed on Iran and Iraq, respectively. France, Haiti, Serbia, Cuba, Syria, and other areas such as Africa were also evaluated. Sanctions lead to a decrease in immunization rates and government health care expenditures. Sanctions increase infant and under-five mortality rate, road traffic injuries and fatalities, severe malnutrition, infective diseases, neurologic and visual disorders, as well as shortage of medical or dental instruments and a variety of medicines. Sanctions have adverse impacts on female labor and are associated with disabling hospitals, dispersing medical workers, and facilities for radiation therapy.

The health status of sanctioned nations in terms of healthcare, and pharmaceutical industry was adversely affected in targeted countries.

The falsity from the viewpoint of its followers is not the criterion of meaning or standard of truth, rather, it is the only criterion for separating science from non-science and semiotics. Popper, in the view of falsity with the idea of approaching truth, comes with inductive belief in rationality and scientific progress, and preserves the optimism of modern philosophy for the role of science in society and human history; But he does not consider the empirical basis for scientific theories and introduces the theory as a temporary conjecture that is proposed to solve the problems of previous theories. He considers the function of experience to be in critique and revocation, and emphasizes that experience is not involved in proving or confirming a theory. He not only sees this logic in the current natural sciences, but also sees this method and logic in the theorizing in the social sciences. In this article, we examine the epistemological foundations and the results of Popper's falsification in the natural and social sciences and eventually examine them.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-systemic disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by recurrent pulmonary infections and gastrointestinal problems, particularly pancreas insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth peptides in CF patients. This cross sectional study was approved by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences ethical committee. Patients were between six months to 18 years old, who were referred to Dr. Sheikh Hospital subspecialty clinic. They were enrolled for the study after obtaining a written constant. Demographic data was recorded. Of all cases, 10-cc blood sample was obtained and growth peptide levels were determined and measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and Mann Whitney and 2 tests were used. Patients’ mean age at onset was 3.4  1.1 months. Overall, 36 (60%) children were male and 24 (40%) were female. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 15.9  3.2 kg/m2. Mean levels of growth hormone was 1.9  0.37 (ng/mL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was 85.89.6 microg/L and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) level was 1853810643 pg/mL. The mean serum levels of GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 in CF children with growth failure was lower than children without growth failure. Regarding the relatively high prevalence of growth disorders in children with cystic fibrosis, selected, appropriate, and standard medical treatments could improve the outcome for these children.

Lead accumulation in soil is influenced by various factors such as physico-chemical properties of soil, parent materials of rock, soil pollutant resources, organic and chemical fertilizers in agriculture and etc. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of soil physico-chemical properties on accumulation of lead in soil. The study area is located in 20 kilometers ambitious Aq- qala to Inche boroon road. Soil sampling was carried out in 5 blockswith distance of 3000 m. In each block six soil samples from 0-5 cm depth with a gap of 200 meters from each other were taken, totally 30 soil samples. After measuring the lead content, physical characteristics, texture and Bd and chemical, OM, SAR, CaCO3, EC and pH of soil samples were tested. Effects of soil properties on lead accumulation were analyzed by using linear and multiple regressions.Results showed that soil physical properties have no effect on the accumulation of lead. Among soil chemical properties, CaCO3 and EC had significant negative correlation and pH and OM had significant positive correlation with lead accumulation. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between SAR and lead contents in the soil.Therefore, in the selected model based on the results of analysis of variance (by linear regression method), variables such as CaCO3, EC, pH and OM were selected as the most important factors that could express the lead concentration in the study area.

The effect of four different levels of irrigation periods, including normal irrigation, irrigation after 100, 150, and 200mm evaporation, with three different bio-fertilizer including control, Mycorrhiza, and Rhizobium were investigated on morphological and yield traits of guar. The experiment was conduct in form of split-plot design with irrigation periods as main plots and bio-fertilizers as sub-plots with three replications in research farm of Sarayan agricultural college-University of Birjand in2016.The results of analysis of variance showed significant effect of investigated irrigation periods on plant height, wilting, root length, pod length, number of pods per plant, grain yield, and biological yield at 1% probability level, and on chlorophyll content, height of the first branch, stem diameter, number of secondary branch, number of seeds per pod, and harvest index at 5% probability level. The interaction effect of drought stress×bio-fertilizers of bio-fertilizers was significant on wilting at 1% probability level and on chlorophyll and pod length at 5% probability level. The results of means comparison analysis revealed that the highest mean of wilting was achieved in severe drought stress induction in control, and application of both Mycorrhiza, and Rhizobium bio-fertilizers. Increasing levels of drought stress led to significant reduction in grain yield and harvest index of guar. Application of Mycorrhiza, and Rhizobium bio-fertilizers did not show significant effect on yield traits of guar under drought stress condition; however the protein percentage of guar’s seeds was increased in moderate drought stress and inoculation with Rhizobium. Based on the results of simple correlation analysis biological yield and harvest index had the highest positive and significant correlation with grain yield of guar and can used as selection criteria under drought stress condition.

Light gives insight. Insight is one of the means of accepting the invitation to God. Insight teaches and prepares human being for guidance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between insight and piety. This research has been conducted by using a descriptive-analytical method and through library documents and content analysis of the Holy Quran. Fasting, obedience to direct worship, worship of the God, practice of the Qur'an, observance of divine instructions, mentioning and warning are some of the traits that increase the probability of piety. The acquisition of piety prepares one to come close to grace and praise, along with other qualities such as patience and correction. Piety is a human attribute composed of various attributes that the combination of some of these attributes (being an example of getting the lesson and being able to see the revelations of God) makes 'Olel al-Absar' or 'the owners of insight' and another combination of them (mention, faith and guidance). Being) makes Olel al-Albab or "the owners of wisdom" and after obtaining piety, one can enjoy "wisdom". The "wisdom" is higher than the insight. Thus, Olel al-Absar is the subset of Olel al-Albab and Olel al_Albab is the subset of the owners of piety. However, insight without piety and piety without insight do not persist; wisdom is also a characteristic that is given to man after divine reverence, and is distinct from insight.

Protozoa and helminthic parasites are the most common opportunistic parasites infections associated with the gastrointestinal tract in immunocompromised patients. There have been very few studies addressing this issue in central Iran and our purpose was to determine the frequency of the intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in different groups of immunocompromised patients admitted to the referral hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. A cross-sectional study was performed on 204 immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, leukemia, renal transplant and other transplants) between 2015 - 2016. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal parasites using direct-smear, formol-ether concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The total rate of any parasites was 43.1% (88/204) in the patients. The prevalence of parasites was 32.7% (17/52), 39.6% (19/48), 46.2% (18/39), 56.0% (28/50), and 40.0% (6/15) in HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, leukemia, renal transplant recipients, and the other transplant recipients, respectively. Blastocystis hominis (30.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.9%), Entamoeba coli (6.3%), Giardia lamblia cyst (5.4%), Endolimax nana (2%), ova of Fasciola spp. (0.5%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.9%) were the overall parasites that were found in this study. The most common parasites which were related to diarrhea were Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium spp. The parasitic infection was significantly higher in urban patients and females (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of parasitic infections and age, occupation and level of education. Our findings highlighted that IPIs are a common health problem among immunocompromised patients, in central Iran. Therefore these patients should be screened routinely for intestinal parasites and treated promptly.

Current advancements in the field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy, particularly U.S. FDA approval of Kymriah and Yescarta, heralds a new era of cancer treatment. This rapid progress in technology has urged more countries and institutions to keep pace with the fast-growing and developing technology of producing CAR T cell-based therapies in the race to develop new cancer-targeting drugs. Hence, for stepping in line with global advances and to pave the way for subsequent preclinical and clinical studies, we have established a development protocol for a cancer-targeting CAR T cell; we have chosen CD19 CAR T cell as a well-defined model to set-up T cell expansion, activation, and viral transduction as the prerequisites for diverse CAR T cell therapies. T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were activated and expanded. CD19 CAR lentiviral particles were produced in the Lenti-X™ 293T Cell Line using PolyFect Transfection Reagent. Activation protocol resulted in (65 ± 4%; P = 0.046) increase in the rate of activated T cells 24 hours after the initiation of the procedure. The expansion methodology resulted in a high purity of the T cell population (96 ± 3%) in the pool of PBMCs within 14 days of the procedure. Finally, 35 ± 6% of T cells were transduced with CD19 lentivirus with MOI of 3. Collectively, the results of this study prove that we have successfully overcome the first hurdle on the road to reach CAR T cell technology which is the prerequisite for developing preclinical and clinical phases of CAR therapy in settings with basic resources

General medical degree (GMD) curriculum usually causes significant psychological distress for medical students, especially in transition periods between preclinical, clerkship, and internship periods. This study was conducted to assess the effect of curricular change in GMD program on mental health of medical students in internship period. This study evaluated mental health of 2 concurrent groups of medical students under reformed and non-reformed GMD curriculum. In this study, 120 out of 180 interns in the non-reform GMD program and 60 interns in the reformed GMD program were selected and their mental health status evaluated using Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire. The cut-off point of 0.7 was used for Global Severity Index (GSI) score. SPSS software, version 14 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Il, USA) was used for analysis. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t student, Mann–Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used when appropriate. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for various determinants of students’ mental health. About half of the participants in the 2 groups were male (P = 0.63), and the mean age of the students in the reformed and non-reformed programs was 24.8 (1.97) and 24.7(1.80), respectively (P = 0.9). About 20% of participants in the non-reformed and less than 2% of those in the reformed program had GSI score of more than 0.7. Medical students in the reformed program had lower scores in total GSI and 9 its dimensions (P<0.001). The results obtained from the logistic regression analysis indicated that reformed curriculum and good economic status were significant independent variables contributing to decreased psychological distress (OR = 0.016 and 0.11, respectively). The results revealed that curricular changes which were based on World Federation of Medical Education recommendation, could be associated with improvement in mental health status of medical students.

Wild goat (Capra aegagrus), as an important and indicator species of mountainous regions of Iran has been confronted to population decline in recent years. So that, its conservation status classified as "Vulnerable" species. In present study, the phylogenetics relationships and genetic diversity of bezoar, based on polymorphism of D-loop region of mt-DNA has been investigated in three different habitats of Mazandaran Province; Kamarbon, Bandbon and Baladeh protected areas. The obtained phylogenetics trees show seven discrete clades and studied individuals of present study have the common ancestor and minimum two different origins for Mazandaran's Wild goats. As well, using Fst/1-Fst distance genetics matrix, the obtained NJ phylogeographic tree show the relationship between genetics and geography in three studied habitats and also with neighbor geographic areas. The results of genetic indicators such as Fu's Fs and Tajima's D show the mutation-genetic drift equilibrium in studied populations. On the other hand, regarding SSD and r factors amounts in Mismatch distribution analysis, the match of expected and observed amounts show the normality and expansion of the studied populations. The Analysis of Molecular Variation (AMOVA), regarding each haplogroup as one population show significant genetic difference between different clades of different haplogroups. Also, the high value of Fst indicator represents the significant genetic differentiation of different clades of wild goats.

This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between lifestyle, personality traits, and marital satisfaction in women in Tehran. This is applied research conducted through the descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all the married women in Tehran, whose number was estimated to be 2210287. A sample of 384 women was selected on the basis of the Cochran formula. The required data were collected using three instruments: the Volker Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Neo Personality Inventory. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS21 software. The findings reveal a significant relationship between lifestyle and marital satisfaction among women in Tehran (p<0.05). A significant relationship was also observed between personality traits and marital satisfaction among women in Tehran.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Lactic acid bacteria based probiotic and its use schedule on Kurd male calves’ growth performance and white blood cell antimicrobial activity. The experimental period was 105 days after calves adapted to new environmental conditions. This study was carried out by 12 calves with an average body weight of 195 ± 10 kg and age of 240±10 days in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicate. Experimental groups included: 1) the control group was fed on a commercial basal diet (without probiotic). 2) was fed on basal diet and daily usage probiotic 3) was fed on basal diet and probiotic usage a day then skip 2 days and repeated. Growth performance and feed conversion rate were determined by measuring calves weight and feed intake on day 0, 52 and 105 of experiment after 14 h feed deprivation. For measurement of reactive oxygen species as anitimicrobial activity index in white Blood Cells, blood samples were taken from all of the calves at the end of experiment. Although body weight gain and feed conversion rate was not significantly different among any of the treatments 2 and 3 but increased and decreased respectively compared to control group in end of experiment (p<0.05). Feed intake significantly increased in treatment 3 compared 2 (p=0.0424). No differences in reactive oxygen mean were observed in calves fed probiotic-supplemented diets and control group. According to this results dietary supplementation with probiotic did not affect white blood cell antimicrobial activity although improved Kurd calves growth performance and feed conversion rate, also daily usage of probiotic can be replaced by usage a day then skip 2 days and repeated schedule.

Repairing a crack in a structure consists in reducing crack’s tips stresses by transferring loads trough a bridge made of the composite patch and the adhesive. This operation is impacted by four factors: shear modulus of the adhesive, the composite patch’s Young module and the thicknesses of these two materials. The design of experiments method allowed us to determine, the weight of each of the four factors and their interactions as well their best combination to obtain an efficient and lasting repair. The constraints relative to the stiffness ratio and the shear strain were taken into consideration in order to determine the best configuration that allowed the minimization of K

The present study focuses on the role of the rebels (ie, khawaarij) from a historical-cum-hadith perspective. In it, the lives of such people as Shimr and Shabath b. Rib'i, and many others are scrutinized based on library research. A key factor in such an event is the far and wide effect of excommunication, based on which they proved short of appreciating the sublime role of Imam al-Husayn.

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of immediate implant placement for alveolar bone augmentation and preservation with bovine bone graft following atraumatic
tooth extraction. This was a prospective interventional study with convenient sampling (n = 10). Thirty patients aged between 18 and 40 years, who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of mandibular premolar tooth, were sequentially divided equally into three groups. In Group I, simple extraction was done and the empty extraction socket left to heal conventionally. In Group II, extraction sockets were filled with lyophilized bovine granules only. In Group III, immediate implants were placed into extraction sockets, and the buccal gap was also filled with bovine granules. All groups were subjected to cone beam computed tomography scan for radiological evaluation. Assessment of biomechanical stability (radiofrequency analysis [RFA] was performed at 9 months postoperative for Group III to assess the degree of secondary stability of the implants using Osstell. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied when comparing within each group at three different time intervals, whereas one‑way ANOVA was applied followed by post hoc‑tukey test when comparing between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Radiological assessment reveals a significant difference of bone resorption in alveolar dimension within Group I; 1.49 mm (P = 0.002), and 0.82 mm (P = 0.005), respectively, between day 0 and 3 months. Comparison between Group I and III showed a highly significant difference of bone resorption in ridge width at 3 months 2.56 mm (P = 0.001) and at 9 months interval 3.2 mm (P < 0.001). High RFA values demonstrating an excellent biomechanical stability were observed in Group III at 9 months postoperatively. The insertion of immediate implants in extraction sockets with bovine bone augmentation of the buccal gap was able to preserve a greater amount of alveolar ridge volume.

One of the theological issues among the commentators is the interpretation of the Quranic verses which introduce God by mentioning Divine names and attributes. On the one hand, the holy Quran considers God matchless and beyond fantasy and delusion and, on the other hand, some delusory verses attribute human-like qualities to God. In recent years, negative theology has drawn the attention of a lot of theologians by stressing the inability of human intellect to know God, as well as the impossibility of God’s speaking. Nonetheless, the main mission of Divine prophets is the introduction of the Lord to human beings, and this introduction must be carried out using the common mechanisms of human mind and speech.
The late Allameh Tabataba'i has dealt with the interpretation of some of the Quranic verses which include Divine names and attributes adopting a negative, at the same time affirmative, view which embraces the path of moderation between pure affirmation and being put in jeopardy of polytheism and simulation, and pure negation, inhibiting intellect from knowing God, and agnosticism. There is a lot of correspondence between this view and conceptual metaphor which has attracted various cognitive linguists in the last two decades. After offering an explanation of metaphor considering the literary and linguistic perspectives, this paper examines the view of Allameh Tabataba'i, the great contemporary Twelver commentator, on purifying God from human-like attributes, compares it with the contemporary view on conceptual metaphor, and demonstrates how to relatively know God in the light of this view

In the first experiment the influence of vermicompost (2.5 and 5 ton.ha-1), cow manure (10 and 20 ton.ha-1) and humic acid application (1 and 2 kg.ha-1) combined with control was studied on qualitative and quantitative indices of isabgol based on a randomized complete block design. In the second study the effects of Sulphur (0, 150 and 300 kg.ha-1), thiobacillus bacteria (50:1 weight ratio of sulfur and bacteria) and cow manure (0 and 30 ton.ha-1) was evaluated on yield and yield components of black seed. Results showed that the effect of experimental factors was significant only on number of tiller, number of spike and SPAD reading in isabgol. The highest amounts of tiller and spike (5.6 and 48.5 number, respectively) was obtained by 2 kg.ha-1 humic acid application, while their lowest (3.8 and 31.6 number, respectively) was belonged to control treatment. Application of cow manure and humic acid increased partially the swelling factor of seeds. In addition, the highest seed yield (3.76 g per plant or 1038 kg.ha-1) was obtained at the rate of 2 kg.ha-1 humic acid usage. In the second experiment, the impact of experimental factors was not significant on black seed medicinal plant growth indices. However, almost all of studied criteria were improved by cow manure consumption, so that finally the seed yield of the plant was 292 and 243 kg.ha-1 in application and no-application cow manure treatments, respectively. overall, our results revealed that isabgol and black seed are two low-input medicinal plants in terms of nutrients requirements.

The amount of gas lift from the common field of South Pars highly depends on the pattern field development the by each party. This paper models the optimum production of gas from a reservoir block of the South Pars field and analyzes the effects of the economic parameters on the optimum path. Dynamic programming has been used to solve the optimization problem. To solve the problem numerically, state variables have been considered as discrete variables. According to the results, economic parameters including projected path of natural gas prices and the government discount factor play important role in determining the optimum path of gas production from the field. Therefore, for the gas field under investigation, despite being a common field between Iran and Qatar, the maximum potential production by the field is not necessarily the optimum production for the field. In this way, maximizing the return of the reservoir is not necessarily equivalent to maximizing the recovery factor of the field. Accordingly, maximizing the economic return should be considered in the development of hydrocarbon fields.

Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. ketorolac) can be considered for mild to moderate post-caesarean pain. As a selective α-2 agonist adrenergic receptor, dexmedetomidine has analgesic and sedative effects without causing respiratory depression. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding dexmedetomidine to paracetamol or ketorolac on post-caesarean pain and the associated complications thereof. Sixty pregnant women, who were candidates for caesarean section with spinal anesthesia, were randomly assigned to either of two groups of 30 patients. For post-operative pain management, an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device was used for 24 hours. Dexmedetomidine (3 µg kg-1) was added to paracetamol (35 mg kg-1) in the group DP and to ketorolac (1 mg kg-1) in the group DK. Visual analog scale (VAS), Ramsay sedation scale, hemodynamic changes, rescue analgesic (meperidine) consumption, patient satisfaction, and possible complications were recorded at 6, 12, and 24, hours after surgery, and compared afterward. The pain score was significantly lower in the DK group than in the DP group (P < 0.05). The hemodynamics and sedation scale were similar in both groups. The total meperidine consumption was higher in the DP group, but it was not significantly different. Maternal satisfaction was greater in the DK group (P < 0.05). Concerning complications, the two groups did not show statistically significant differences (P = 0.4). The addition of dexmedetomidine to ketorolac, compared with its addition to paracetamol, causes further reduction in the post-operative pain score and provides more satisfaction

Groundwater is one of the most valuable water resources owing to its quantity and quality. Measuring water level is a basic and essential step in any groundwater study. Since the measured data are derived only from a limited number of observation points and, at the same time, they must be extended to the whole surface of the zone, it is essential to determine optimal location of measuring network. Accordingly, for reduction of observation wells, a number of them were eliminated in such a way that the remaining wells have an optimal combination. Dezfoul-Andimeshk plain, located in north of Khouzestan Province, was investigated as a case study. Kriging, as the best linear unbiased estimator, was used for interpolation of groundwater level. Based on the measured data of 76 studied observation wells, a theoretical variogram was fitted to empirical variogram points. To achieve the optimal combination, tabu search algorithm (a meta-heuristic algorithm) was used. Two computer programs including GSLIB and MATLAB were used for Kriging and tabu search, respectively. Linking the programs and preparing conditions for data exchange between them, a model called optimizer model was generated so that capability of optimizing the groundwater surface measuring network is made possible. The observation points are distributed such that variance estimation error limited to the plain extent is minimized. Optimization model is run in five different cases. For the first to third cases, simply considered for verification purposes, optimal selection of one to three observation wells were respectively presented, which authenticated the model performance against complete search method. In the fourth and fifth cases, the optimal selection of 50 and 60 out of 76 observation wells were presented for which the groundwater levels were compared and the results show that there exists a good match between the groundwater surface results in comparison with those of whole wells (76 wells). As the variogram fitted to the groundwater data is isotropic, the distribution of the observation wells along different directions will be the same. This is tangible for the first to third cases in which the number of wells is small. Optimization results of 50 and 60 observation wells were automatically achieved by the model without any interference. The comparisons of results indicate a good accuracy for the optimization model. Also, the results show that using the present model saves a lot of time.

Aims: Beta-thalassemia is a blood and genetic disorder. Prevalence of beta-thalassemia trait is high in Iranian population. Therefore, for detection of carriers’ status in premarital screening we need to establish reliable and rapid scanning method. The aim of this study is development a rapid method to detect four common beta globin gene mutations in Iranian population by HRM (High-Resolution Melting Analysis.
In this experimental study, eight samples of beta-thalassemic carriers and illness with IVSI-110 (G>A), IVSII-I (G>A), IVSI-5 (G>C) and CD36/37 (-T) genotypes in Homozygote and heterozygote conditions and one control sample (healthy person) were selected. After blood collection, DNA extraction was performed using salting out method. To ensure, the samples were run binary, and two control samples without DNA were used. Primers were designed with Gene Runner 6.0.28, Primer Express v 3.0.1 3/1) and Primer3 v. 0.4.0 and HRM method was used to determine the above mutations.
Findings: The best concentration of DNA was obtained at 5ng/μl. In the difference plot step, the differences between the curves were clearly observed in heterozygous, normal and homozygous conditions. Unexpectedly, in the mutation IVSII-IG>A in the melting curve was seen two peaks in the samples; it was due to the presence of a polymorphism near the desired mutation.
The HRM method is capable of detecting the four common beta globin gene mutations, and, it can differentiate between heterozygote and homozygous in a single mutation. This method is high throughput, which can analyze 96 samples of DNA in 2hours.