iman parseh

Gray water, a valuable recycling resource, is often contaminated with non-degradable organic compounds, requiring advanced treatment. This study investigated the use of Fe3O4 iron oxide nanoparticles for surface adsorption of gray water from a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) followed by UV/H2O2 chemical oxidation.The results showed that a dosage of 1.2 g/L iron nanoparticles was optimal for pollutant removal. Under optimized conditions, removal efficiencies for COD, BOD, TKN, and TP were 57%, 36%, 7.5%, and 60%, respectively. pH variations had minimal impact on BOD, phosphate, and nitrate removal, while COD removal was more effective at lower pH.The Freundlich isotherm better described the adsorption process for phosphate, nitrate, BOD, and COD compared to the Langmuir model. Combining surface adsorption with Fe3O4 and UV/H2O2 chemical oxidation achieved a COD removal efficiency exceeding 90%. This study demonstrates that surface adsorption alone may not meet wastewater discharge standards, but when combined with chemical oxidation, it can effectively treat gray water.

Treating working fluid wastewater (WFW) by having several organic/inorganic pollutants is not an easy task. There are many hurdles to adopt an appropriate treatment strategy through biological, physical, chemical, and electrochemical approaches.

The treatment methods of WFW are reviewed in this work through a critical literature survey. Therefore, databases such as Google scholar, science direct, and PubMed were considered to find literature. Altogether, about 49 articles were finally found relevant to the topic to extract and interpret findings.

The best solution to treat WFW could be an integrated approach by designing various AOPs for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of main units. For this reason, and to meet discharge standards, measuring intermediates and the toxicity of reaction solution and final effluent by bioassay could be a complementary tool. Additionally, if the used AOP is a photocatalytic one, applying catalysts with a low energy bandgap and designing reactors to utilize the highest amount of energy is crucial to make a process cost-effective. Furthermore, using aeration could increase the number of radicals by supplying oxygen and removing contaminants from the reaction medium. Finally, if AOPs are the pretreatment unit, removing halogens should be done to predict floc breakage in the next step.

Hybrid treatment approaches with at least 80% efficiency in degrading and removing micropollutants could be reliable methods to dispose of working fluid wastewater. However, further research on them in the future is essential because of discharging a considerable volume of them annually worldwide.

The development of industry has recently led to the release of 2 × 105 tons of colored wastewater into the environment. The presence of these solutions due to their toxicity and carcinogenic potential can be a threat to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 nanocomposite in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degradation of reactive black 5 dye (RB5).

In this study, nanocomposites were characterized by diagnostic techniques of SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. Influence of operating parameters such as pH (2-11), nanocomposite concentration (10-750 mg/L), PMS concentration (0.25-8 mM), dye concentration (10-250 mg/L), and reaction time (0-60 min) was evaluated. Stability and scavenging tests of reactive species under optimal conditions were studied.

The results showed that the MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4/PMS system has a high performance in RB5 degradation compared to systems such as PMS, MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 and CuFe2O4/PMS.  RB5 degradation complete was obtained at pH of 7, the composite concentration of 250 mg/L, the PMS concentration of 4 mM, and the reaction time of 15 minutes. Suitable treatment of real solutions due to the presence of interfering materials requires a reaction time above 240 min. Stability tests for 5 reaction cycles showed that MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 could be a recyclable catalyst in PMS activation.

The synthesized composite can be used as a catalyst to activate PMS in RB5 dye removal due to its recyclability and high efficiency.

 Although vermicomposting is rich in nutrients, the virulent microbes and pathogens present in it may be a threat to human health and the environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the microbial quality of produced vermicompost, including fecal coliform and parasitic eggs, at a pilot scale, and compare it to present standards. 

 Three various reactors containing decomposable domestic waste (T1), cow manure (T2), and dewatered sludge (T3) were used to produce vermicompost using Eisenia fetida. According to the standard methods, fecal coliforms, parasitic eggs, and some of the treatment characteristics including organic carbons, nitrogen, temperature, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity and metals were evaluated during the 56-day operation period. 

 According to the results, the number of fecal coliforms in treatments of T1, T2 and T3 reduced from 2.5 × 104, 6 × 105 and 15 × 106 to 1000, 1500 and 1500 MPN/g dw, respectively. All parasite eggs reached zero after the 3rd week. At the end of the study, the average of organic carbon in T1, T2, and T3 were 35.4 ± 6%, 50.7 ± 5%, and 58.4 ± 7%, respectively. This value for total nitrogen were 0.9 ± 0.2%, 1.8 ± 0.7%, and 4.2 ± 1.2%, respectively. 

 Results showed that the worm E. fetida has a great ability to reduce pathogens without the need for an increase in temperature. Furthermore, it can be concluded that vermicompost can improve the quality of compost in 8 weeks. The vermicomposting process can also greatly destroy the fecal coliforms and all parasite eggs.

The microbial quality of water plays a key role in community health. The present study aimed to determine the microbial quality of the drinking water distribution networks in the urban and rural areas of Dasht-e Azadegan County, Iran and assess the influential factors in the quality of drinking water.In this descriptive-analytical study, 907 drinking water samples were collected from the urban and rural regions in Dasht-e Azadegan County in 2017. Turbidity, free residual chlorine, pH, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were measured using the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, and the results were analyzed using the logistic regression model. The free residual chlorine was within the range of 0-3 mg/L (mean: 0.72 mg/L). The free chlorine residual in 58% of the samples was within the recommended range of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water, and 29% of the samples had higher turbidity than the accepted limit of the WHO (5NTU). In addition, 7.7% and 16% of the samples were infected with fecal and total coliforms, respectively. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, coliform contamination was most significantly associated with free chlorine residual and turbidity, and reduced free chlorine residual was most effective in coliform contamination.

BTEX refers to a volatile compound with single aromatic ring in petroleum including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes. Due to its flammability, toxicity and carcinogenicity properties, BTEX has many adverse effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified with an ultrasonic homogenizer (UH) to remove BTEX from aqueous solutions.

MWCNT was modified in different concentrations, times and intensities. Then, the best condition was selected. After modification based on the design of experiments (DOE), 16 experiments were arranged at 4 levels with 4 factors. Samples required for simulation were built according to the standard methods and then analyzed by gas chromatography mass.

The results revealed that the optimum conditions for modified carbon nanotubes were obtained at concentration of 30% sodium hypochlorite, time of 5 seconds, and intensity of 50 dB. The optimum conditions for initial BTEX concentration, MWCNT dose, contact time, and pH were 100 mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 20 min and 7 respectively.

The results indicated that carbon nanotubes modified with homogenizer are a simple and effective technique to remove BTEX from the environment.

Thepresent study aimed to investigate the description and determination of municipal waste management in seven cities located in Shadegan wetland region, Iran. Some parameters were evaluated, including the waste generation rate, weight density rate, moisture content, pH, and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. In addition, the current status of waste management in the region was assessed using a simple questionnaire and via interviews with households and field surveys. According to the findings, the generation rate of solid wastes was 0.55-0.8 kg/capita/day. The wastes contained approximately 70% of corruptible materials, more than 12% of plastic, and approximately 9% of paper and paperboard. The density, moisture content, pH, and C/N were estimated at 3,242 kg/m, 72.7%, 5.6, and 23.4, respectively. In Shadegan wetland region, recycling was active through the informal sectors, while there was no definite program for source reduction and recycling. Daily collection operations were carried out with no specific programs and prioritization in determining the route of the vehicle and performed manually in optimal conditions. Moreover, the final disposal was observed to be poor and in the dumping form. The obtained results indicated that the wastes in the region had considerable potential for recycling and composting. Therefore, it is recommended that integrated waste management be applied through the improvement of the regulations, environmental education, development of source reduction programs, organized recycling, mechanization of waste collection, establishment of central composting plants, and selection and design of safe landfills in order to achieve optimal outcomes.

Increase in amount and variety of healthcare wastes is one of the most important problems affecting human health and environment. Due to the infectious effects of these wastes, accurate management of them in the healthcare centers is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of the wastes generated in the healthcare centers of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, Iran, in 2015. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province. Samples were taken from 432 healthcare centers in the province through census method. Three samples were taken from the affiliated units of Yasuj (capital city of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province) University of Medical Science in one year, and the average weight of them was considered as final weight. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. Findings: Total wastes generated in the affiliated units of Yasuj University of Medical Science were 1186.26 kg/day. Ordinary waste, sharp waste, infectious waste, chemical waste, radiological waste, and pathological waste were 80.86%, 1.50%, 16.09%, 0.71%, 0.36%, and 0.44%, respectively. Healthcare centers in Boyerahmad and Choram counties had the highest and the lowest amount of infectious and sharp wastes, respectively. Due to the relatively high volume of infectious wastes in the provincial centers (more than 16%), it is essential to equip the centers with devices which treat the infectious and sharp wastes

Particulate matters are very harmful for human health. Long term exposure to particulate matter is important factor in deaths due to lung cancer and heart diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects attributable to air pollutants PM10 in Gachsaran city.
In this descriptive study, required data were collected from the Environmental Protection Office of Kohgiluye-Boyerahmad Province, and they were analyzed in Excel software. Then, in order to estimate relative risk (RR) and attributable component, the information was entered the AirQ2.2.3 software.
Findings: According to the results, the average annual concentration of PM10 in Gachsaran city was about 121 µg/m3. Of the total of 58 deaths attributable to the PM10, 27 deaths were due to cardiovascular disease and 13 deaths were due to respiratory diseases. Also, the cumulative number of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were 39 and 147 patients respectively.
This study showed that air pollution due to PM10 in Gachsaran city has been caused many deaths and hospitalizations in 1394. Therefore, it is expected that the authorities use short-term, medium-term and long-term programs to control these types of pollutants.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the toxic environmental pollutants that can be entered into aquatic ecosystems by raw wastewaters. In the current study, electrocoagulation used in the treatment of water and wastewater in a wide range was investigated for the removal of BPA.
All the experiments were conducted in a batch system. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, BPA concentration, electrolyte concentration, distance between electrodes, current intensity, and reaction time were evaluated. Experiments were carried out at laboratory temperature (25 °C), potential difference 30 V.
According to the results, the optimal condition were follows: BPA concentration 10 mg/L, current intensity 1500 mA, pH=7, and distance between electrodes 0.5 cm. The removal efficiency was ranged 60 to 90 percent.
It can be concluded that the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes in the optimal condition can acceptably remove BPA from aqueous solutions.

Phytoremediation is an effective and cost-effective technique to treat polluted soil. To better implementation of phytoremediation, it is necessary to know microbial population trend. This paper was evaluated microbial population changes in rhizosphere and controls soil.
The experimental soil was divided into 5 parts, and it polluted with five Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) concentrations including 0.43, 0.86, 1.9, 4.13, and 8.27 % (w/w) of TPHs. microbial population changes and initial crude oil concentration were measured by HPC and Gas chromatography methods respectively.
Findings: According to the results, the average of microbial population in planted (7.55 log10CFU/g) and withnutrient treatments (7.79 log10CFU/g) were significantly (p Due to the micronutrient secretion for bacteria, “plant” and “nutrient” can increase the microbial population and efficiency of phytoremediation.

Suitable landfill site selection is a significant step in the integrated management of solid waste. Because of some dangerous industrial waste, landfill site selection is more important. The selection process should be considered different criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate location of industrial waste landfill Razi complex by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this study, three locations were proposed as site of landfill. Socio-economic (such as distance of industries, availability, cost of site preparation and access to soil cover) and physical factors (for example: dominant wind direction, soil permeability and ground-waters flow direction) were considered in the decision process. The Super Decisions software used to develop decision-making process. Based on the results, "2nd alternative"( mountain of Fish Pool) that is the current landfill site of Razi industrial town with a score of 0.593, based on software output, was chosen as the best alternative for disposal of Razi industrial wastes of Razi town-Isfahan. Inconsistency rate in this study, 0.039 was obtained.

Locating landfills in urban areas is one of the most important issues in urban planning because of the effect on economy, ecology, and environment, therefore the right management and principled landfilling of solid waste is the major concern all over the world especially in the developed countries. In locating landfills, different criteria should be considered. In the present study, locating sites for solid landfill of two industrial suburbs in Natanz using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was investigated so as to present optimal solutions. Three places were investigated as suggested sites and seven factors like distance from the industrial suburb, ease of access, cost of site preparation, access to covering soil, wind direction, soil penetration, and groundwater direction were considered in the decision-making process. Super Decisions software was mployed to create hierarchy network, compare criteria and sub criteria, and finally choose better choice. Based on the results, the third choice located in northeast of Shojaabad suburb and southeast of Ooreh suburb (almost between two suburbs) was selected as the best choice to bury the industrial wastes of these suburbs with score of 0.618 based on the software results. The incompatibility rate was 0.069.

Soil polluted with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) is a great threat to human health. Phytoremediation, the use of vegetation for treatment of contaminated soils, is an attractive and cost-effective alternative to reduce pollutant from soil. This paper evaluates the effects of the plant and nutrients on the removal of TPHs from soil. Soils were collected at depth of 0-30 cm, and then polluted with 1 and 2.5 % w/w of crude oil. After preparing the experimental pots, Rhizosphere microbial number, plant biomass, and residual TPHs were determined. TPHs and heterotrophic bacterial number were measured by GC and HPC method respectively. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 17 for Windows) software and Excel. It was found that the average percent of TPH removal in planted soil (28.42%) was higher than that in unplanted soil (12.2%) (p<0.05). Moreover, the average percent of TPH removal in treatments received nutrient and free nutrient treatments was 35.5and 17.7% respectively. Generally compared with the other studies, high clay and salinity of the experimental soil had a negative effect on phytoremediation efficiency. Finally, regarding to the high clay and salinity of the experimental soil, the phytoremediation efficiency was relatively desirable.

Petroleum contaminated soil is an environmental problem that affects human health. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective method for removal of petroleum from soil. This study evaluated the effects of the plant and nutrients on the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from the soil.

Soils were collected from Ahwaz desalting unit No. 2 and then polluted with 2. 5% w/w of crude oil. Microbial number and residual TPHs of the studied pot experiments were determined at day 0 and 90. TPHs and heterotrophic bacterial number were measured by gas chromatography (GC) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method، respectively.

The average percentage of TPH removal in the rhizosphere soil (≈ 20%) was higher than those in the non-rhizosphere soil (≈ 7%). In addition، the average number of heterotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere soil (7. 14 CFU/g) was higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil (6. 16 CFU/g). Moreover، the TPH removal and microbial number in the soil that received nutrient were higher than in the free-nutrient soil.

Although high clay and salinity of the soil had an inhibitive effect on phytoremediation efficiency، results showed a native plants performed phytoremediation properly even in improper condition of environment.