iraj teymuri

Smart tourism is a newly emerging concept that highlights the growing reliance of tourism destinations on advanced information and communication technologies. Given the importance of this topic, this study aims to identify the factors influencing the development of smart tourism in the Azad region. The research adopts a descriptive-exploratory approach, with the statistical population comprising experts familiar with the development of smart tourism and the Aras Free Zone. Using the snowball sampling method, 10 experts were selected as the research sample. Structural-Interpretive Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that out of 33 initially identified factors, 22 were finalized as the key contributors to smart tourism development. Among these, six critical factors were identified: budget allocation, regional tourism potential, tourist needs assessment, e-government infrastructure, policymaking, and planning. These factors were deemed most influential in driving the development of smart tourism in the Aras Free Zone.

In recent decades, the topic of sustainable cities has become one of the main and challenging discussions in the field of sustainable development. Universities and research centers worldwide are progressively focusing on sustainable city research. However, the range of comprehensive bibliometric studies that can be conducted to comprehensively assess the trends and patterns of this research is restricted.The Web of Science database is employed to analyze global bibliometric research on sustainable cities in this study. Data were extracted from 1974 to 2024 using the keyword “sustainable cities” and analyzed using bibliometric techniques and VOSviewer software. Scientific outputs, citations, international collaborations, co-citations, co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling, and research areas comprised the indicators that were examined.The field of sustainable cities has experienced a substantial increase in scientific output, and international collaborations are expanding at a rapid pace. The research topics have gradually transitioned from conventional disciplines, such as meteorology, computer science, and architecture, to more modern areas, including urban studies, engineering, and environmental ecology. The United States, the United Kingdom, and China are among the advanced countries that are pivotal to this research. New keywords,including “machine learning,” “COVID-19,” “sustainable cities,” “security,” “governance,” “sustainable development goals,” and “perspective” are becoming more prevalent in related studies and are being regarded as critical indicators for future research.The findings suggest that there has been a rise in scientific output, an expansion of international collaborations, and a shift in thematic area to more contemporary topics. Innovative technologies and concepts of sustainability and resilience will be the primary focus of future research, as they are essential for the development of sustainable cities

Today, worn-out and inefficient textures are a major part from urban contexts and they have problems and specific structural and functional barriers which need to be examined importance-performance the urban regeneration indicators regarding the regeneration of inefficient textures. In this context, the present research has been done with the aim of assessment of importance-performance the urban regeneration indicators based on damages from inefficient urban texture of Saqqez city which has been identified the highest level of risk from injuries resulting from inefficient texture and it has also been assessment of importance-performance the Indicators. The current type of research is applied in terms of purpose and has been descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection and the field-library method has been used to collect information. In this research FMEA has been used of the infrastructure in the first stage to identify the damages from inefficient urban texture from Saqqez and specifying the risk priority number and determining operators and the IPA model has been used to assessment of importance-performance the indicators in the city of Saqqez in the next step. The investigations have shown in the FMEA method of the 31 risks raised in the10 potential; 6 potential effects have a high risk level (first stage; vulnerability to earthquakes, financial inability, managerial weakness and next stage;, increase in social abnormality, decrease in belongingness and increase in pollution) and the results of the IPA model have shown that there was no compatibility between the importance-performance the regeneration indicators of Saqqez and it is necessary to and it is necessary to be the first priority The Pay attention to the indicators of integrated urban management, organizing narrow roads, and access to main streets, compatibility of users, Supervision of construction and control of buildings, employment and income, investment in the neighborhood, improve participation and improving belonging to reduce the damage of inefficient textures.

Considering the challenges ahead in the way and type of management of free zones, including non-democratic management structure, unstable income, achieve a bright future for the Aras Free Zone, it is necessary to identify and outline the key drivers. The current research, with the perspective of future research, tries to identify the vital factors affecting the state of good governance in Aras Free Zone and investigate the effect of these factors on each other. This research, in terms of practical purpose and from library methods, survey, its nature is based on new methods in future research with an analytical and exploratory approach, using quantitative and qualitative models and analysis methods and structural cross-effects, such as Micmac and Delphi method. has benefited Based on this, during numerous discussion sessions and opinion gathering of experts and expert group of Aras Free Zone, 15 people as a statistical sample of the target population, 60 items or variables were identified in the form of 8 main indicators of good urban governance. Then, the above variables were weighted in the form of a 60x60 matrix of cross-effects by the elite group and defined in the Mic Mac software. What can be understood from the state of the dispersion map of the variables is the instability of the system. Therefore, according to the ranking of the direct and indirect effects of the variables and their scoring, the number of 21 variables that had more weight in both cases were identified as the main drivers of good urban governance in the free zone. Among the variables, citizens' and officials' trust in each other has the highest score and the most vital factor affecting good urban governance in Aras Free Zone, and administrators' adherence to the law, strategic vision, and social justice are ranked in the next ranks.

Throughout history, cities are the most important works made by humans and have seen many changes during their lifetime. Today, most of the world's population lives in cities. This growing trend of urban population has created problems in cities. Among the various approaches that have been proposed to free cities from problems, livability is the most important approach that has increased the need to address it. Factors such as environmental pollution, climate changes, and lack of ecological resources somehow affect urban livability, and it is necessary to pay attention to their mutual effects. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of environmental parameters, climate and ecology on the urban livability of ten areas of Tabriz metropolis. According to the research topic, the research method is descriptive-analytical and with practical purpose. The data used are also collected from the comprehensive plan of Tabriz city, statistical blocks of Tabriz city, and information of air quality monitoring stations of Tabriz metropolis, TerraClimate products and OSM site data. Then the data and information after membership and normalization using geographic weighted regression (GWR) and modified geographic weighted regression (MGWR) analyzes to investigate and discover the spatial relationship between the dependent variable (sustainability) and independent variables (environment, ecology and climate) has been analyzed in MGWR software and ArcGIS 10.8.2 software. The results of the analysis showed that the impact of these parameters on the areas that are not suitable for livability is more than other areas. The climate parameter with the value of R2 - 0.5 has the greatest impact among the parameters on the urban livability of Tabriz metropolis.

Housing indices are a suitable tool for understanding the housing situation in different dimensions. The current research aims to investigate the physical quality of housing and compare it in formal and informal settlements in the Tabriz metropolis. The current research is in the category of applied research and terms of methodology, it is among descriptive-analytical research. For this purpose, by using library studies, the research of 7 variables; Building life, structure type, building quality, number of floors, housing area, occupancy level, and building density were used as indicators of the physical quality of housing extracted from the detailed plan of Tabriz metropolis 2015. The factor analysis method and factor loading of the variables were used to weigh the variables and the data analysis was done separately through spatial analysis in the Arc GIS software environment and the Electre method in the Excel software environment. Through spatial analysis, the present study achieved the evaluation of the spatial distribution of the physical quality of housing at the neighborhood level, and also through the Electre method, the neighborhoods were ranked according to the physical index of housing quality, and then both findings were compared. The findings of the research showed that based on the spatial analysis, Golpark, Zumard, Valiasr, and Golkar neighborhoods have the largest area in terms of quality, and according to Electre's findings, Zumard, Valiasr and Golkar neighborhoods are ranked first to third.

Effective factors are considered in recreation of urban inefficient textures as one of the measures that can be effective in reducing vulnerability of urban inefficient textures. This research has been done in order to evaluate the effective factors in regeneration of urban inefficient textures. After identifying the factors, it has prioritized the neighborhoods of Saqqez to intervene with a regenerative approach and has been used in order to collect information from two library and field methods MICMAC software is used in order to examine the relationship, effects and extracting key factors and the kiriging model has been used in a GIS environment to display the distribution of these factors in the neighborhoods. The CoCoSo decision-making model has been used according to key factors to rank localities in the city of Saqqez which is used from the FARE model to determine the weight and the importance of each factor in the CoCoSo and the research results showed that11 indicators have had the most impact among the 31 indicators as key factors in the regeneration of urban worn-out textures and the results show that Localities 2, 8 and 22 are acceptable and in opposite, Locations 6, 16, 17, 18 and 19 are inappropriate and unbearable, with high vulnerability according to the key effective factors in the regeneration of urban inefficient textures in the neighborhoods from the city of Saqqez (social participation, sense of belonging, employment and income, investment in the neighborhood, integrated management, supervision of construction and control of buildings, quality, passages, access to main roads and transportation, distance from incompatible uses, access to health services - medical, fire department, park and sports). It is one of the most important reasons for the inefficiency of these neighborhoods; The migration of villagers to these areas, Instability of buildings, sudden changes in urban management, disorganization, inconsistency in urban management, parallel operations on different devices and lack of interaction between citizens and city management. It is necessary attention to key effective factors in the realization of regeneration to reduce a lot of damage resulting from inefficient textures and the realization of regeneration in the neighborhoods from the Saqqez.

Due to the continuous existence of crises and dangers and the increasing and damages caused by them on cities, in the present era, the concept of urban resilience has become a global consensus to achieve sustainable urban development. In this regard, in order to plan and realize a resilient city, the first step is to identify the dimensions and components of this approach in different urban spaces and textures. Due to the importance of the subject, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors explaining resilience and to investigate the desirability of its various dimensions in the new and old texture of Tabriz metropolis. Therefore, the research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of exploratory-comparative nature that structural equation modeling in Amos software has been used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study also includes citizens of the new and old context of the city of Tabriz, which has been determined as a sample size based on the Cochran's formula of 384 people. Findings indicate that the most important factors explaining resilience in the old texture of Tabriz are individual, social and managerial-institutional factors with a value of 0.63, 0.61 and 0.54, respectively, and in the new texture of the city physical-environmental and economic factors and managerial-institutional with a value of 0.77, 0.72 and 0.69, respectively. The results also show that the new urban texture is in a better position in terms of structural and physical strength, while the old texture has more appropriate human and social capital. This issue is due to the ruling management system, ie technocrats, which has had different effects on the old and new textures of the city.

CityEngine is a software program for urban modeling based on specific rules. This program is presented as a flexible communication channel to convert 2D data into 3D urban models. The special applications of this software program include data processing of geographic information systems, mapping, as well a two-dimensional urban information system (GIS) with three specific goals, these goals are; Creating a 3D urban model is creating a detailed picture of the proposed settlement process, or even exploring the design space of a potential project. The main part of modeling with Esri's CityEngine software has unique advantages based on specific commands and rules; The possibility of building big cities as easily as small cities with the same quality, even on a larger scale, is one of the unique advantages of this approach. Additionally, the rule-based approach means that large design spaces can be quickly, interactively, and analytically explored and compared. Such advantages must be carefully balanced against the excessive time required to develop and parameterize the rules and sometimes to create stylized models or approximate models. (Approximate models are used for ease of calculation, and stylistic models are used to interpret the factors used.) CityEngine's communication channel, which derives from more traditional workflows, may be very effective at first. We introduce the main workflows and modifiability of this approach, outline the procedural programming language used, and discuss ways to change existing file formats.

Construction violations have been among the most important issues in cities which have led to disruption and the emergence of major challenges in urban management and planning. One of the most important negative effects of these violations is seen on the image of the city and is a serious threat to the quality of urban environments. The purpose of this research is to identify construction violations in terms of land use change and the number of floors exceeding the standards, as well as to investigate the type and extent of the effects on the urban appearance in the two neighborhoods of Tabriz (Dameshghieh and Parvaz) in 2019. The scale of the research is in the dimensions of the plots located in these neighborhoods. The survey index was based on the land use of the neighborhoods and the built condition for 2019 and the construction model based on the approved rules of the comprehensive and detailed plan of Tabriz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the required data was collected through theoretical review and field observations. Data is analyzed by Excel, AutoCAD and ArcMap software. The results show that 12% of the total parts in Dameshghieh neighborhood, and 38% of the total parts in Parvaz neighborhood, were built contrary to the rules and regulations of the approved plan. It was also found that the most negative effects that construction violations have on the appearance of Parvaz and Dameshghieh were related to the negative effects. In fact, these construction violations have concretely and obviously brought negative effects on each of the parameters of the urban landscape in the studied neighborhoods and weakened the strength of each of the parameters.

Informal settlement and marginalization are a growing phenomenon along with the growth of cities in Iran. As a result, this phenomenon has spread rapidly and irregularly, and in the response of the poor to the need for housing, they are formed in a very short time. The city of Tabriz is also one of the mentioned settlements which is facing the phenomenon of informal settlement. In addition to addressing the concepts and definitions related to informal housing, this study seeks to answer the question of how much the citizens of Tabriz feel social security (in terms of life, financial, etc.) when attending informal settlements. have.

The research method in this research is descriptive and correlational and it uses a survey method. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire that is directly distributed and collected in the study area. The statistical population in this study is all citizens of Tabriz. The size of the statistical population in this study is 1558693 people, which by placing the parameters in the Cochran's formula, the minimum required sample size among the residents and citizens of Tabriz metropolis is 385 people. Sampling method in this study is random sampling. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data.

The findings show that there is a significant relationship between gender, age, place of birth, marital status, employment status and also life history in informal settlements with the feeling of social security and affect each other, but There is no significant relationship between education and the feeling of social security. Among the four indicators considered for the feeling of social security (financial, life, intellectual, moral), financial and moral security has an average much higher than life and intellectual security.

To increase the social security of citizens, policies and plans should be implemented in informal settlements to reduce the causes of insecurity in these neighborhoods.

The tourism industry plays an important role in the economic cycle of the countries, and predictions made by some global organizations show that the tourism industry will play a more important role in the urban economy over time, In this regard, the aim of this study is to identify factors affecting the growth and development of tourism of Tabriz city. The present research is based on the nature of applied one. Data gathering was done through a questionnaire. it was developed based on five economic indicators, infrastructure, socio-cultural, services and diversity of environment and brand., validity and reliability were calculated for different dimensions by Alpha-Cronbach's test. The statistical population of this study is one million domestic tourists who traveled to Tabriz city in 1396 ., 384 Sample were selected with a 0,05 error rate and 95% confidence intervals, Using the Cochran formula. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, the exploratory analysis based on the principal components and Kruskal-Wallis test was used in SPSS 24 software. Finally, the analytical analysis summarized the variables of research in 14 factors, which explained 62.26 of the factors that affecting the growth and development of tourism of Tabriz city. The results show that the first factor in the prosperity or lack of prosperity of tourism in Tabriz in relation to advertising or lack of advertising of touristic attractions in Tabriz, socio-cultural issues, including language and different life style in Tabriz, quality of Services and hospitality of the host community has a great effect on the tourism promotion and prosperity of Tabriz city. Also, the results of the research showed that The effect of research indicators versus the research hypothesis on tourists with different income and education groups is the same.

Governmental budgeting in any country is influenced by four main social groups that’s mean voters (or suppliers costs), political team (shapers costs) Bureaucrats (price donors) and are pressure groups (direction makers). As aspect of public view. These groups not behave differently from each other and in own function continuously will be given to private interests. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between political participation (Percent of voters in presidential election) and Resource allocation in Iran. This study as aspect of nature and method is descriptive – analytical. There for were used fund Data related to between 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 and province voters' percentage of presidential election in four periods. For analyzing data were applied quantitate methods such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA.the results show that there is significant correlation between fund allocation and political participation of province (the percent of voters in presidential election) as the allocated funds between 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 years with the percent of voters in presidential election in order of 0.741, 0.766, 0.606, 0.466 and 0.482 Correlation is significant at the level 0.01. Also the results of ANOVA and regression analysis confirmed this issue.

The cities always were the focal point for growth and development. Understanding and exploring the city’s economy are necessary for all levels of planning. The shift-share is one of the main techniques for analyzing the regional economy. This technique has ability for exploreing the changes in employments either in national or local level in all economic activities. This article wants to investigate the employment changes during the 2006 til 2012. The data gathered form national statistic centre. The results showed that in the state level about 205865 people added to total employments in which the industry, finance and insurance and the real state were active sectors which absorbed 45, 35, 13 and 10 percent of all employees. During the study period, Tabriz, Maragheh, Marand and Ahar absorbd 77.3, 6.7, 5.3 and 4.7 percent of total employees. In the study period the industry sector among the counties except the Tabriz and Ahar had faced with stagnancy.

Tourism activity if desired may be designed to improve the conservation and management of natural indigenous communities and local economic benefits in addition. Otherwise if the development of policies and programs which are consistent with environmental attitudes and emphasis on sustainable development, it will certainly cause negative effects on the environment. This article tends to evaluate the tourism activities in Bandar-e- Anzali with SWOT method and then using the combination of ANP and SWOT to provide optimum strategies for sustainable tourism in the city of Bandar-e- Anzali pay. This study is an applied descriptive and analytical. The data for analysis were obtained from library sources and surveys. The results show that the combination of ANP and SWOT fully participatory planning process in accordance with the will of the people and local communities. The result of the SWOT matrix analysis shows that the best strategy for sustainable development of tourism in the city of Bandar-e- Anzali is the Invasive strategy.