javad jahangirzadeh

The rapid growth of urbanization along with the increase of rural-urban migration has provided a favorable platform for the formation of marginal areas around the cities. The rapid growth of urbanization has caused many problems and problems for cities, among which we can mention the problems of marginalization and the growth of informal settlements. Meanwhile, the city of Bonab, as one of the cities of East Azarbaijan province, has faced the problem of marginalization due to having different capacities. The present research has investigated the problems of social harms of marginalization in Bonab city. The current research is a qualitative research method based on foundational data theory and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population was the residents of Aghdash, South Dizj (Iran Garage), North Dizj (Almalo neighborhood) of Benab city in East Azerbaijan province, 41 of them were interviewed and theoretical saturation was achieved. The investigation and analysis of the conducted interviews indicate that the people living in the suburbs are engaged in informal jobs such as buying and selling drugs, alcoholic beverages, labor and carpet weaving due to the lack of skills and expertise, and it is also one of the main causes of injuries. Social in these neighborhoods, we can point to things like economic and social inequalities, the availability of drugs and the lack of a proper program to fill free time. Dropping out of school due to economic poverty, the low literacy level of families, and the addiction of parents has created a phenomenon called working children, these factors have caused false employment, and the lack of cultural centers has caused delinquency in these areas.

In the last century, tourism and related matters have expanded And it has become a basic need and development planning from a secondary and leisure activity, Therefore, the effort of countries and regions to take the most benefit from it has created the field of competition.

The present research has tried While examining the primary factors affecting the tourism development of Zanjan province, it should also examine the importance and performance of key factors.

The current type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection And the collection of information has been done in two forms - library and field. In this research, 92 tourism indicators have been designed in the form of three factors (economic, social-cultural, physical-spatial). and analyzed in the MICMAC environment according to experts' opinions to finally extract the most key factors And then analyze the importance-performance of key factors using the IAP model.

Research findings have shown that the distribution pattern of tourism development indicators in Zanjan province has not followed the sustainable trend And the importance-functional difference of key factors has been high.

The research results have shown that in order to realize a sustainable model of tourism in Zanjan province, the following should be prioritized; Paying attention to the educated tourism sector and using them in the tourism process, paying attention to the wants and needs of tourists and trying to fulfill their needs.

The main purpose of this study is an analysis of the prioritization of indicators of a child-friendly city in the five regions of Urmia to review strategies for improving the situation of each region by examining the indicators of a child-friendly city and ranking the regions of this city.

The research method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 regions of Urmia. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used. The sample size was 384, which was randomly distributed in the range. The criteria studied in this study include physical, access, socio-cultural and environmental criteria. Data analysis has been done quantitatively and qualitatively. One-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, and THIESSEN and OPA method were used to analyze the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.790.

The findings of this study indicate that based on field data and the child-friendly city criteria questionnaire, Urmia Region 1 is ranked first and Urmia Region 2 is ranked fifth among other regions. The results of the Spearman correlation test indicate that the physical criterion has the greatest impact on a child-friendly city.

The results of this study indicate that the city of Urmia is at a moderate level in terms of the feasibility of the criteria of a child-friendly city and needs the attention of urban management to improve the situation in regions 2 and 3 of Urmia.

Today, if we do not have the awareness and readiness to deal with natural and human disasters, it can cause irreparable damage to citizens. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the dimensions of urban resilience in the five regions of Urmia. The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive -analytical in nature. Data collection was done in two forms: documentary and field survey. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 Regions of Urmia and using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 384 has been obtained which has been randomly distributed in the area. In this study, the independent variable of urban resilience and related variables include social and cultural, economic, environmental, physical and institutional dimensions. Data were analyzed quantitatively using statistical methods such as one -sample t -test, Kruskal -Wallis and Spearman correlation. The results of this study show that the dimensions of urban resilience in region one are above average, in region two below average, in region three above average, in region four at average. Finally, in the region, five social and cultural, economic, environmental and physical dimensions are above the average level and the institutional dimension is at the average level. In general, the rate of urban resilience in the five regions of Urmia is above average. The results of ranking the regions show that region one is ranked first and region two is ranked fifth. There is also a significant direct relationship between dependent and independent variables .

Problem:

 The concept of urban public art and its emergence in the public sphere is one of the most important factors in strengthening and accelerating the process of the creative city. Street music as an urban public art, is an influential event in urban communities that seeks to improve the quality of social life, strengthen collective memories, increase the level of vitality and dynamism of the city and achieve creative urban development.

Target:

 The authors try to redefine the importance and significance of the urban public arts event in urban spaces, identify the feasibility of performing street music in social environments. The green corridor of Shahrchai and the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia city have been studied.

In this regard, in the present study, information has been collected with the aim of application and descriptive-analytical nature and by using documentary-library methods, questionnaire and interview tools. The statistical population and sample size consist of two groups of experts, thinkers and university professors and active members of street music, which includes 60 samples including stratified or group sampling method. For quantitative analysis, the methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman Correlation, Swara and Cocoso have been used.

According to the findings, the social, cultural and environmental dimensions and the indicators of "possibility of live music performance" and "quality of environmental design" have gained the highest and lowest levels of importance, respectively. Also, the green corridor of Shahrchai has more favorable conditions than the performance of urban Public arts (street music) compared to the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia.

Today, urban peripheral spaces are expanding due to the lack of control and supervision over the development of urban spaces, so Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia was also created for the growth and development of the city and now it provides services to its residents as an urban peripheral. A number of these settlements, due to their proximity to the informal and marginalized settlements, They have experienced many negative physical and social changes due to the unprincipled and unplanned growth of these informal settlements and their proximity to this context, It has caused bad living conditions and reduced quality of life, which requires special attention to reduce the consequences of this development. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to analyze the situation of good governance in the Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia, To evaluate the current situation of these villages in order to improve their situation from the point of view of good governance. Among the fields of research innovation, in the field of research method, we can mention the use of new decision-making methods and the use of new data. Also, due to the lack of similar research, it seems necessary to conduct this research in order to prevent the unprincipled expansion of this settlement and the reduction of their quality of life and livability.

The current research method is longitudinal in terms of time and practical in terms of results, also the process of conducting the research is quantitative and descriptive-analytical in terms of its purpose. The method of collecting information is in two forms, documentary, and field. The tool for collecting information is also in the form of questionnaires and field observations. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia, which includes the villages of Band, Topraq Qala, Dadeh Saqi, Reihanabad, Vazirabad, Velandeh-e Sofla, Anhar-e Sofla, Ganjabad and Mirabad, which according to the statistics of Iran Statistics Center in 2015, the population of Pirasheri villages is 21,059 people. In order to determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used with an error percentage of 0.05, and a value of 377 was obtained, which was randomly distributed in the study area. in order to evaluate the state of good governance in the Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia, 6 components have been used, which include rural participation, accountability and transparent, responsive, justice and equality, efficiency and effectiveness, and supervision, and the data has been analyzed quantitatively and by SPSS software. in order to analyze the data of the research, due to the fact that the size of the statistical population is more than 20 and also because of the central limit theorem, their normality is not checked, therefore, statistical methods such as one-sample t-test and Spearman's correlation have been used to analyze the data. DEMATEL's multi-criteria decision-making method has been used to find the relationship between the research components and finally, the VIKOR model has been used to rank the studied villages. The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed by experts in this field and the reliability of the questionnaires has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test.

The findings of this research indicate that according to the one-sample t-test, In terms of having good governance in the Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia, the villages of Band and Topraq Qala have a better situation than the average level. The villages of Vazirabad, Anhar-e Sofla and Mirabad are at a medium level. The villages of Dadeh Saqi, Reihanabad, Velandeh-e Sofla and Ganjabad are at a lower-than-average level. According to the results of Spearman's correlation test, there is a relationship between the components of good governance and good governance, and according to Spearman's correlation coefficients, these relationships are direct. Also, justice and equality have the highest correlation with good governance in the study area, which is an improvement. The state of justice and equality, and the state of good governance will also improve. According to the results of DEMATEL's decision-making model, the component of justice and equality with the value (D) of 5.919 is the most effective, the component of responsibility with the value of (R) of 5.598 is the most Influence, and finally, the component of supervision with the value of (D+R) is 10.485. It is most related to other components. Also, the three components of rural participation, justice and equality, and supervision as the “cause” and the three components of accountability and transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, and responsibility as "disability". the conceptual model of the research shows that the component of justice and equality is related to all the components and the component Responsibility is also communicable from all components. According to the results of VIKOR model, the Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia, Band, Topraq Qala, Anhar-e Sofla, Vazirabad, Mirabad, Velandeh-e Sofla, Dadeh Saqi, Reihanabad and finally Ganjabad are ranked first to ninth respectively.

Today, due to the unprincipled and unplanned expansion of cities, it has caused the proximity of cities to the villages around them, and in the meantime, it has caused the formation of Spaces called Urban Peripheral, which sometimes, due to the proximity to informal settlements, have caused the reproduction and expansion of marginalization around the cities. Is. In this regard, in order to prevent the reproduction of informal settlements and marginalization in these contexts, urban and rural managers should formulate and adopt principled macro and micro policies based on the components of good governance. Also, according to the results of the research, the use of the component of justice and equality in line with the development of principles Cities are of great importance, and along with that, it can provide effective results in this area with bottom-up planning and attracting the participation of residents.

The main purpose of the research is to analyze the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics - spatial interpolation - structural relations. The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and the sample size was 376, which was distributed in the study area using the cluster random sampling method. One-sample t-test was used for quantitative data analysis and IDW method was used for spatial data analysis. The DEMATEL model has been used to evaluate the relationship between the livability dimensions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775. Based on the results of the research, the dimensions of livability, which include social, economic, environmental, urban management, historical pattern, and facilities and services, have obtained average of 2.94, 2.07, 3.01, 1.25, 1.83, and 2.55, respectively and also, the livability level is unfavorable with an average of 2.27. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the livability dimensions in Kouye Salar neighborhood show that about 66% of the neighborhood is in an unfavorable condition. According to the results of DEMATEL model, the dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and the three dimensions of environment, social and history pattern as "disability" are extracted and shown in the livability of the locality territory.

The current research aims to investigate the livability of rural settlements and the effects of implementing the Rural Guide Plans on the livability of rural settlements. The study was applied and descriptive-analytical. Library and field research methods were used to collect the data. The study area is Chaharborj County. Then, using Cochran’s modified formula, 143 households were selected as samples from the villages with Rural Guide Plans and 121 households without Rural Guide Plans. A random method was used to select the villages’ households according to the community’s size. The reliability level of the questionnaire was determined to be 0.789 using Cronbach’s alpha. We utilized the COPRAS technique for multi-criteria decision-making, cluster analysis, and regression to thoroughly analyze the information. This research showed that Qepchaq and Firouzabad villages have a high level of social livability with (Qi=7.81) and (Qi=7.71), respectively. In addition, implementing Rural Guide Plans had the most impact on employment and income, with a coefficient of 0.718, and social participation, with a coefficient of 0.709. The most minor impacts were on infrastructure facilities and services, with a coefficient of 0.245, and the quality of personal health, with a coefficient of 0.191. Generally, the implementation of the plans had the highest effect on the social dimension (increasing participation, social security, and reducing crime), with a value of 672. 0. Therefore, this dimension is higher than economic and environmental dimensions.

The curriculum as the heart of the educational system is one of the effective factors in achieving the goals and mission of the university and its evaluation is of particular importance. Since medical education deals with human life and clerkships also play an essential role in shaping the professional abilities of medical students, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the desirability of clerkship programs from the point of view of medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the nine elements of Francis Klein.

In this study, a descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population was 487 medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were undergoing the clerkship stage at the time of the research, and the questionnaire was provided to them in the form of a census. The number of samples was determined based on Morgan’s table of 215 people. The research tool was a standard questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by professors in the field of educational sciences, and its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach’s alpha method of 0.794. Descriptive statistics (including statistical tables, graphs, central and dispersion indices) and inferential statistics (including one-sample t-tests and independent two-sample t-tests) were used for data analysis.

The results showed that clerkship programs from the point of view of medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the covid-19 disease, considering that the t-statistic of all research variables is less than 1.96 (educational objectives t=-4.735, educational content t=0/666, learning activities t=-7.812, teaching strategies t=-4.246, educational materials and resources t=-0.970, grouping of learners t=-5.223, learning space (place) t=-4.029, learning time t=-5.043, and learning evaluation t=-7.348) were not desirable in terms of all elements. It was also found that there is no significant difference in attitudes between male and female students regarding the desirability of these programs except for the element of educational goals.

According to the results of the research, the medical clerkship programs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences are facing challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a program that is compatible with the conditions and can meet the educational needs of the learners.

Health-medical land uses are among the uses that are of great importance for human health in the event of an accident, so in critical situations, there is a possibility of their dysfunction because the vulnerability of this use to accidents is very high, in this regard, optimal location with optimal use The passive defense approach is of great importance. The main purpose of this study is to locate the hospital using the passive defense approach in Urmia. The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The basic information and maps of this article have been collected in the form of libraries and fields from reliable scientific and official sources. Indicators used in this study include indicators of distance from educational centers, residential centers, commercial centers, green spaces, religious centers, existing hospitals, accesses, open and public areas, administrative centers, fire stations, workshop and industrial centers, and sports centers. Data analysis was performed through weighting, application compatibility, and fuzzy logic method. The study area in this study is the city of Urmia, located in the province of West Azerbaijan. The results of this study indicate that a significant part of the city of Urmia is outside the coverage radius of existing hospitals, so there is a need for a principled location of new hospitals. Also, Region 1 has the most and most appropriate, and Region 4 has the least area for hospital use.

Cities are social entities which is similar to living beings and has grown in the course of its evolution, have evolved and changed and reflected many processes such as shelter, security, social interaction and the place of buying and selling goods and services. But in recent decades, we have witnessed the rapid growth of urbanization which has brought bottlenecks, problems and complications. So that the emergence of poverty, disorganization, environmental pollution, etc. has transformed some parts of the city. And a different color and smell from the past that indicates the decline and deterioration of the region It has made it visible and worn it out. In this connection, in order to solve the mentioned problems, Various policies are offered. In this framework, the latest and most accepted intervention approach in the organization of worn-out tissues, regeneration, has been introduced. In this regard, the present research, with the aim of urban regeneration, has tried to investigate and identify the damages resulting from worn-out structures in Zanjan and their types, with an emphasis on the experts' mentality of the damages resulting from worn-out structures. Based on the mentality of the experts, the mental patterns in regeneration are determined and their performance in reducing the damage of the worn tissues is evaluated..

The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive method and in terms of collected and analyzed data It is of a combined (exploratory) type. In this research, the FMEA technique has been used to evaluate the damages resulting from the worn-out tissues of Zanjan city. Failure Mode And Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic tool that can be used to identify failure modes corresponding to specific system components and functions. Which had the following process; - Identification of system failure states (at this stage, failure states are identified using brainstorming, Delphi, etc. methods). 2- Calculating the risk priority number (the degree of criticality is determined by calculating the priority number that has a range between 1 and 1000. The risk priority number is obtained from the product of three factors: the severity of the risk effect, the probability of occurrence and the ability to be discovered). 3- Reducing failure situations (team members try and plan to reduce known failures. Also, Q factor analysis has been used to analyze and extract mental patterns of experts to intervene in worn-out tissues. In connection with the selection of participants, it should be acknowledged that in choosing the number of participants, attention should be paid to the number of Q propositions, so that the participants should be less than the number of Q propositions. In this research, 10 people were selected based on the purposeful method (snowball). The validity of this research has been confirmed by reviewing the theoretical literature and interviewing the participants and their knowledge by experienced professors in the field of population. Reliability has also been checked through retesting, and its value is 80%, which is the desired value.

The investigations carried out in the form of FMEA technique have shown that 24 risks in the form of 8 potential effects have been directed at the city of Zanjan, and the RPN value of all of them is above 300 and clearly reported. Therefore, it should be stated that the damages resulting from worn tissues were at a serious level and urgent measures were needed. In this regard, it has been determined the mental patterns of experts to intervene in these contexts. For this purpose, Q factor analysis has been used. According to the rotated matrix, each participant is placed in one of three mental models. So that participants 4, 9, 2, 7 are jointly (mental model) the first factor, participants 5, 10, 3 are in the second mental model and participants 1, 8, 6 are in the third mental model.

The results of the research have shown that the worn tissues of Zanjan have caused 24 risks in the form of 8 potential effects. whose RPN value has been evaluated at a significant level. In this connection, 25 propositions (Q) of regeneration in these tissues have been identified based on field-library studies. which can be divided into three mental patterns based on the opinion of experts in the field of recreation. The first mental model has emphasized the integrated urban management for regeneration. Because the management of the urban unit prevents the wastage of money, time and urban resources and prevents duplication and parallel work. While the second mental model pointed out the existing passages of these tissues and considered it as an obstacle to development, On this basis, this group, while facilitating the process of widening the roads, pointed out the commercialization of these tissues And also because of the location of historical monuments in these contexts, they have pointed out the tourist attractions of these contexts To bring financial empowerment to the residents while re-creating. Finally, there were the third mental group who considered employment and income and admitted that due to the same weak economic base of the residents, they had no desire to intervene and organize. Therefore, it is necessary to provide investment platforms and create employment and income To create the sense of belonging of the residents, to provide the ground for regeneration and vitality of these areas. . Therefore, based on the mental model of experts, 9 propositions; Integrated urban management, improving people's participation, improving belonging, organizing narrow roads and commercialization, monitoring the construction and control of buildings, making historical buildings attractive and developing tourism, employment and income, pursuing growth policies. urban, investment in the neighborhood) have been chosen with the most agreement to recreate the dilapidated textures of Zanjan city. which have reduced the risks of worn tissues to an acceptable level.

As a complex system, cities are constantly changing and evolving, as they are born, grow and try to restore a new order by entering disorder, in the same way, with the widespread of the coronavirus in the world in general and cities in particular, all urban life is under The radius has been placed and it has caused damage to the cities. Among them, the border cities are among the vulnerable and fragile areas from the economic, social and environmental aspects, which have been severely affected by the coronavirus. Based on this, while identifying these damages, the current research has focused on prioritizing measures to deal with this virus and the new reproduction of Urmia city. To achieve this goal, the risk assessment model (FMEA) has been used to analyze the damages caused by Corona and the preference model (BWM) has been used to prioritize the proposed measures. The results of the research indicated the identification of 50 risks in different areas of Urmia city, among which 16 risks were at an obvious and serious level that could disrupt the urban system. Therefore, to reduce the vulnerability of the city of Urmia, measures such as pursuing electronic government policies, remote work and expanding businesses in virtual space, tending towards smart urban and neighbourhood-oriented growth, accurate and appropriate monitoring of the market and prices to prevent overselling, hoarding and scarcity of products, taking advantage of The opportunities created during the coronavirus, such as taking advantage of the empty capacities of the economy, especially the provision of health goods and compliance with health protocols in different urban spaces, have been prioritized

Population in terms of quantity and quality is one of the important components in economic growth and development, and it is necessary to study and analyze it in order to use the existing capacities to achieve goals. For this purpose, the present study aims to express the intensity, the probability of damage, while examining the damage that occurs during the population decline after 2006 and the the ensuing population decline. This damage determined by the FMEA model. The IPA model has also been used to understand the reasons for the decline in population and finding strategies for demographic change. Since the research samples are the experts, the studty used a snowball method and selected 20 people. The results of the research show that the damage caused by demographic changes in West Azerbaijan province are 29 hazards in five dimensions. Fifteen of them are identified at a significant level that requires serious actions. The important actions are as follows: Future predication demographic changes, a positive attitude to the demographic changes, marriage age, economic conditions and livelihoods, and facilities for marriage. Policies such as urbanization growth, temporary measures without follow-ups, and the slogans like “a better life with fewer children” after the revolution had negative effects, although positive effects are improvement of health.

Nowadays, the approach of social capital has become one of the effective factors in the development of sustainable urban productivity. Components of social capital in the field of participatory regeneration in the neighborhoods of Mahdi al-Qadam and Haftasyab in Urmia. The statistical population of the study includes two groups of urban experts and citizens. The methods of analysis are also based on the two methods of Swara and Mabac, which have been used in weighting the proposed components of the research and ranking the research options, respectively. The research findings indicate that the indicators of public safety and presence in local communities were the highest, respectively, and commitment to religious teachings and public interest had the lowest level of importance and value. Also, according to the final results, Mahdi Al-Qadam neighborhood of Urmia has a better situation than Haft Asyab neighborhood in terms of social capital components. Finally, some suggestions have been made to improve the current situation.

Urban land policy is one of the important areas of public policy and in some countries, such as Iran, urban land policies and the position of land management have neglected. And this has made it necessary to change attitudes towards urban land and urban land policies in Iran.

The purpose of this research is to Identify and analyze the effective factors in Iran's urban land policies.

The type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. It should be noted that the relationship between indicators and actors was assessed by experts in urban affairs has been done by sampling snowballs. Mental and Maker software was used to analyze the data. 15 factors have been used to analyze and evaluate urban land policies in Iran. Using Mantal software, the relationship between variables is evaluated and key factors were extracted. Finally, the key factors influencing Iran's urban land policies as well as the relative power of the actors and their agreement with the goals and priority of each goal were identified from their point of view.

According to the findings of Mental software, 5 key factors influencing urban land policies were identified and the results extracted from Maktor software showed that the dominant actors of the system who had the most impact on Iran's urban land policies; these include the legislature, the Ministry of the Interior, the Housing and Urban Development Foundation.

The results of the research showed that most of the actors agree on the objectives of urban land policies in the first place, given the integrity of the responsible institutions, has been the need to reduce parallel work. In the second place, the improvement of the executive power of the institutions, in such a way that the performance of the institutions is in harmony with the institutions of other sectors finally, the access of information by the institutions has been agreed upon by the creation of a land database.

In the developing countries the central governments play mainly the major role in society. In these societies the distribution of wealth is not fairly that leads to economic hardship and social exclusion as the base of corruption. For this reason considering the financial, controlling and monitoring indicators are deniable. And it should change the controlling indicators according to economic development in order to fight against financial fraud as one of the economic picky component. In this manner recognition of effective parameters on financial fraud is absolutely essential. In this article by utilization of the related studies and interviewing with experts, the effective parameters on financial fraud were identified. Afterwards by using of collected data from 388 questionnaires besides Topsis fuzzy approach, these parameters were prioritized. According to the results the main causes of this problem are: the dependence of central bank, lack of efficient controlling and monitoring system besides other causes, which have been presented by a preventive methods and suggestions.

This study investigates the potential threshold effects in the relationship between corruption control index and GDP growth for the D-8 countries with the presence of other variables, including education expenditures, government consumption expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports, inflation rate, and index of openness over the period 1996-2011. For this purpose, the paper uses a Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model that is an appropriate method for explaining cross-country heterogeneity. Our result rejects the linearity hypothesis, and gives a threshold at corruption control of -0.862. Based on this threshold, we can build a two-regime model. In the first regime, corruption control, education expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports and index of openness variables have a significantly positive impact on GDP growth and government consumption expenditures and inflation rate variables have a significantly negative impact on GDP growth. In the second regime, however, corruption control, education expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports and index of openness variables have a positive impact and government consumption expenditures and inflation rate variables have a negative impact on GDP growth. Though, the impact of corruption control, education expenditures, agricultural raw materials exports and index of openness are increased and the impact of government consumption expenditures and inflation rate are dramatically declined.