javad maddahi

The world have witnessed the increase in natural disasters. Which requires the active participation of people in their management. The participation of neighborhood emergency response groups is one of the ways to strengthen participatory crisis management at the neighborhood level. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the performance of neighborhood emergency response volunteers (DAVAM groups) in Tehran, Iran. 

This is a descriptive-correlational quantitative survey. The study population consists of the members of DAVAM groups from all 22 districts of Tehran. A convenience sampling method was used for recruiting 395 participants. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire measuring different performance dimensions in DAVAM groups. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, the data of 380 volunteers were used for analysis. The data analysis was done using path analysis.

Group stability and perpetuation (β=0.326), satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.226), and commitment to the group (β=0.214) had a significant direct effect on group loyalty. Also, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.623) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.137) had a significant direct effect on commitment to the group. Group stability and perpetuation (β=0.630) had a significant direct effect on satisfaction with membership in the group. Moreover, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.295) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.029) had a significant indirect effect on group loyalty. Also, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.087) had a significant indirect effect on commitment to the group. Etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.220), satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.312) and commitment to the group (β=0.334) had a significant direct effect on group loyalty. Also, etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.176) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.485) had a significant effect on commitment to the group. Etiology of dropout from the group (β= 0.256) had a significant direct effect on satisfaction with membership in the group. Moreover, etiology of dropout from the group (β= 0.180) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.162) had a significant indirect effect on group loyalty. Also, etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.124) had a significant indirect effect on commitment to the group.

Active participation in DAVAM groups is affected by psychological, interpersonal, and organizational factors. When volunteers perceive a strong sense of in-group identity in these groups, they may show higher levels of commitment, satisfaction, and loyalty. On the other hand, effective leadership that strengthens the out-group identity can minimize the volunteers' internal conflicts and positively affect their commitment and satisfaction.

The aim of the current research is to study the sociological and, of course, emic and qualitative approach of the life experience of women in Tehran after divorce.

The methodology of the current qualitative research was carried out using the grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 divorced women in Tehran, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and snowball strategy, during more than 8 months. The interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Data analysis was done through open, central and selective coding system and finally the core category was extracted.

In the open coding stage, 155 open codes, 33 central codes, 7 main categories and one core category were extracted from the data coding system: Life of children of divorce: double victory and failure, reaching forgotten individuality, desire and experience The images of riotous pleasures, the lack of pleasant experience of returning to the father’s house, economic challenges (hardship), diversification of negative attention (sexual and instrumental), a conceptual framework of the stigma of divorce, multifaceted rejection.  Also, “actualized dualism: from the experience of hardship to modern individuality” was chosen as the core category and finally a tree diagram extracted from the data was prepared.

Life after divorce, at least at first glance, is an experience of the life of divorced women, which cannot be easily explained. Positive and negative dialectical relationship is the result of life after divorce. In fact, life after divorce for women can be likened to a drama show, watching the leading situation is a contradictory flow of good and bad affairs and inadequacy in the forecast.

One of the main goals of rural development programs is to empower rural communities and solve the problems of these communities through the facilities and capacities of the local community. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the needs of the villages of Malekshahi City from the point of view of the local community. The field of study includes all 27 villages in Malekshahi. Qualitative research methods and participatory needs assessment and techniques are used in focus group meetings. It has been tried to identify and prioritize their basic needs from the point of view of the local community by holding focus group meetings of at least five people and involving different groups and strata of the residents of the villages. The findings showed that the four needs of mobile phone coverage and mobile internet, work and employment, provision of quality drinking water and water piping, and the creation of educational infrastructure for children's education are the most important needs of the villages of Malekshahi city from the point of view of the local community. The results showed that the needs of the local communities are more infrastructural and directed to the government institutions. The root of this issue can be traced to the centralization of the country's political administration, the weakening of the traditional social hierarchy, and the small contribution of local stakeholders in local management.

Society's advancements, including the recent emergence of online social networks, have led to shifts in how people engage in leisure activities. This article seeks to provide an image of the ways in which common leisure activities are performed within the family and analyze the impact of virtual social networks on these practices. The research method utilized was a survey, and the statistical population comprised individuals over 15 years of age residing in Tehran. The sample size was determined through Cochran's formula and amounted to 600 participants. The sampling method employed was a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, and participants were randomly selected through the appropriate sampling method. The study's results revealed that the family remains the primary focus for engaging in joint leisure activities. The role of relatives was found to be negligible, while the position of friends was elevated. The duration of time spent on virtual social networks, as well as the amount of usage, was found to diminish the frequency of family trips and recreational activities, whereas maintaining a real identity and actively participating in these networks strengthens joint leisure pursuits among family members. The findings suggested that virtual social networks have a two-fold impact on joint leisure activities. The observed changes indicated a fracture in kinship bonds within society, accompanied by novel developments in interpersonal relationships, where non-selective social connections are transitioning towards selective ties based on shared interests rather than blood relations.

The institution of the family, as the first and most important socializing institution, has faced serious challenges in modern human life. In fact, the basic gesture of the transcendental turn of the postmodern world represents the change in the meanings of life, new intellectual styles and, accordingly, the change of important social positions, including the family. The aim of the current research was to study qualitatively the experience of women from divorce in Tehran city, which was done with qualitative methodology and grounded theory method. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 divorced women in Tehran, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball strategy. In the data analysis stage, 131 open codes, 20 sub-categories, 6 main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: pluralism in the experience of forms of violence, the desire to be free from restrictions and separation from control, husband's tendency to extramarital relationships, spouse's personality-spiritual problems, the stigma of divorce (from rejection of others to being a sexual prey), contact with the opposite sex after divorce, break from communal life. Also, "divorce: the dialectical tragedy of tears and smiles" was chosen as the core category and finally the paradigm model extracted from the data was set. The findings indicate that the explanation and interpretation of the request for divorce has made this issue completely objective and involved in different dualities of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, positive and negative, and the desire to be freed from many hardships. This semantic dualism and paradox do not reflect a uniform analysis and understanding of the field of divorce.

The book Homelessness and Social Policy is written by Rogers Burroughs, Nicholas Place and Deborah Quilgars; which was translated by Mohammad Khani; And it has been published in 2017 by the Scientific and Cultural Publishing House at the request of the General Department of Social and Cultural Studies of Tehran Municipality. All three authors of the book are researchers at the University of York, England, and have research experience at the Center for Housing Policy at the University of York.

Betting on various sports competitions, gambling and crimes related to this field, due to the popularity of youth in team sports, especially football, has established its position as a facilitator channel in providing a windfall income. The high importance of sports in different countries, the wide range of sports and the attention of different groups to sports events have led to increased awareness of the sports betting industry to sports competitions. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of economic strains on the involvement of individuals in illegal sports gambling. For this purpose, using 447 sample of male citizens of Bandar Anzali, Rasht, Lahijan, Rudsar and Langrud cities, which were selected by convenient sampling method, the research hypotheses were examined. The study found that objective economic strains have a significant effect on online illegal sport gambling with mediation of subjective strain, negative emotions, and deviant motivations. The socio-economic status (SES) of Respondents moderates the relationships between general strain model and illegal gambling.

Divorce as a social problem has an increasing trend, especially in the last two decades. Various studies have listed different factors for the occurrence of divorce. One of these factors is the power structure or decision-making system in the family. In the present study, using the National Family Survey data in Iran, the effect of family decision-making system on the tendency to divorce has been investigated. In addition, the question arises as to whether the relationship between the power structure and divorce is influenced by individuals' gender attitudes or not? The statistical population of this study is people 15 years of age or higher that lived in urban areas of the country in 1397 and the sample size is 2768 married people. According to the findings, .9 Percent of urban families (equivalent to 167 thousand families) were on the verge of divorce in 1397 and 1.2 percent (equivalent to about 223 thousand families) were in critical conditions and close to divorce. The results of this study showed that in the group with traditional gender attitudes, the decision-making system in the family does not have a significant effect on the tendency to separation and divorce. But in the group with a modern gender attitude, the decision-making system has a significant effect on the tendency to divorce; As possibility of divorce has decreased from 18% in the group with individual decision-making system to 2.5% in the group with collective decision-making system.

Fashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural factors related to youth fashionism. The research method was survey and the statistical population of this research was the youth of Tehran. The sample size was 387 people which was obtained by using Cochran's formula and the sample was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection technique is combination of researcher-made and standard questionnaire that was evaluated for validity and reliability. The reliability measurement through Cronbach's alpha test shows an acceptable level. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, parental education, social class, personality, public media and social networks, religiosity and fashion. The results of regression analysis show that according to the adjusted coefficient of determination in the regression equation, 50.3% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by independent variables. Individualism showed the strongest relationship with fashion. Also, in the section of structural equation path analysis, the model indices have an acceptable fit.

The single life of girls and the prevalence of this form of life have seriously challenged the formation of the family as a very important institution for society. The purpose of this study was to discover the interpretation and reasons of girls in Tehran for choosing to live single, which was done with qualitative methodology and using the grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 single girls living in Tehran who were selected by theoretical sampling method. 11 main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: preferring independence and freedom, maximizing benefit and person-centeredness, spending leisure time in a modern way, context conditions for new and virtual jobs, single house; modern contexts of life, the fluidity of relationships with important others, rethinking the body and its importance, choice of isolation and loneliness, distrust and pessimism towards men, Tehran is the ideal city for singles ,fear of failure and divorce. Also, "Singleness: The World of Multidimensional Life" was chosen as the core category, and finally the paradigm model derived from the data was set. The findings indicated that single girls have become active actors in their lifestyle choices and make choices; A problem that poses a serious and multifaceted challenge to young people.

The Covid-19 pandemic is not only a disease but also has all the characteristics of defining a social problem. On a global scale, it covers 8 billion people worldwide, and humans are experiencing a great deal of insecurity. This study aims at investigating the relationship between the outbreak of Corona19 pandemic and the feeling of social insecurity among the citizens of Tehran. The research method adopted was survey and the data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. The findings indicate that the mean of the feeling of social insecurity rising from Covid-19 pandemic in the study sample (3.28) is significantly higher than that of the theoretical one (3).  Among the dimensions of the feeling of social insecurity including life, economic, general, psychological, emotional, and collective ones had the highest mean, respectively, and were mostly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The results also showed that there was no significant relationship between age and the feeling of social insecurity rising from the corona virus outbreak and this feeling was significantly different among the cases of the sample in terms of education. Also, women felt more insecure than did men. Therefore, on the basis of the findings, it can be concluded that the Covid-19 outbreak has increased the feeling of social insecurity among the subjects of the sample.

The present article, with an analytical and sociological approach, analyzes the problems of young single life based on the theories of Jean Baudrillard and Richard Sennett. This study, while emphasizing the sociological imagination, seeks to critique the approaches in the field of social problems, pay attention to the person (victim) and have a person-centered approach in analyzing the problem. The theoretical synthesis considered in this research is the analysis and critique of a new form of life among young people; which are influenced by modern or individualistic socio-cultural practices. A manifestation of the tragedy of modern life that confronts young single people with countless changing ideas. Ideas that are never available in their entirety. A way of life in the new society that, following the popularity of individualism, has seduced the contemporary youth by maximizing sexual pleasure and consumerism, and has made imaginary-virtual phenomena a total reality for him. This devaluing tragedy, followed by the spread of new world culture, has further fragmented the lives of single people and led them to isolation. Isolation of the type of rupture of collective solidarity and the fascination of the individualistic world. Reflecting on the theories of Richard Sennett and Jean Baudrillard, it can be said that the form of single life has sounded the alarm bell of coldness in social relations, ignorance, isolation, and the tyranny of individualism. This adventurous promotion of individualism among young people and eroticizing their interests is quite problematic, one of the consequences of which is the single life of young people.

Today, anomalous condition of Iran's environment has changed to one of the most important national concerns. Due to this reality, it is required that different social thinkers try to find a solution through research and inquiry implementation. Based on this aim, this research seeks to analyze the relationship between media consumption (mass media and social media) and Environmental Literacy among a sample of Tehran citizens. The research has been released on survey method. According to cochran formula the sample size has determined about 384 persons. Tehran divided to different municipal areas and then by Cluster sampling method we chose some clusters. Then, a simple random sample of clusters is selected from the population. Standard and researcher design questionnaire has been conducted for Gathering data (data collection). Formal Validity and reliability of measurement tools are considered. Based on research findings, some demographic variables such as age, education, in come and marriage status of participants have significant correlations with environmental literacy. Also, main research hypothesis titled with relationship between media consumption and environmental literacy has been confirmed. It means that awareness, attitude and supportive action toward environment will be improved through media consumption. This paper has been completed by suggesting some research implications for Iran society. Key words: Mass Media, Environmental literacy, Social Network, Risk.

Abstract Unmarriedness, rising marriage and a massive population of single girls over 30 years of age, high rates of single educated and public discourse in relation to a sharp decline in marriage, seem to have satisfied researchers and thinkers to see this as a social problem. An issue that is not just about marriage and affects many social platforms and field. The family is the first institution to suffer from this phenomenon and bring the voice of distortion among the youth to the community. In recent decades, girls are faced with a host of emerging phenomena such as the transformation of inter-generational and gender relations, delinquency in marriage, which is often the consequence of modernity and globalization. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of the rising and delayed marriage among girls. In this research, qualitative methodology and grounded theory strategy were used. The selection of interviewees was targeted and 33 female students for more than one year. 15 main categories and a core category were extracted from the data encoding. Enclosed in the sixties, the decades- chaos; Occupational Restraint and Academic force; Blame, humiliation and exertion on single girls, Consolidation and neglect of the girl's opinion; Inhibition of imaginary love; The motives of the era of abstraction: the era of emancipation and irresponsibility; Great impression of marriage repulsion; Men's unreliability and non-commitment; Negative memories of others, Fear of divorce and marriage; Modern and traditional dichotomies; dowry: Harmful Cultural Reproduction; Economics is still important; Modern romantic relationships: Western lifestyle and Obsessive-compulsive aging. Experience of single, meaningful delay. It was chosen as the final category and at the end of the paradigm model the data was extracted.

The present article aims at compiling the Islamic Theory of Creativity and is seeking to investigate the Islamic sources to present an analysis of parameters of creativity in intellectual training of children and juveniles. To do so, we used descriptive method and conceptual analysis to investigate the parameters related to creativity in Islamic sources in terms of semantic network and analysis of context. The findings show that, from Islamic viewpoint, the parameters of creativity are dividable into three groups: cognitive, motivational and personality. The cognitive parameters are simile, imagination, composition and decomposition. The motivational parameter is internal tendency for fulfilling needs and reducing tension. The personality parameters are empiricism, curiosity, intellectual independence, self-confidence, modeling and accepting consultation.

Trans-marriage relations refer to any type of emotional or sexual elationship beyond the framework of committed relations between couples, and are among one of the important factors threatening stability and sustainability of marriages. Over recent years, virtual networks have been of high importance in relations of couples. The present research aims at reviewing the impact of social networks on trans-marriage among married citizens in Isfahan. The research methodology is of survey type, and the under study population is married citizens of Isfahan city, and have been selected through cluster, multistage sampling. Self-made questionnaire is used for collecting data. The research data is analyzed through utilizing descriptive statistics, single-sample T, as well as Pearson correlation. The results indicated that from among trans-marriage relations, two variables of commitment and lack of emotion to have relation have the strongest relationship with the level of using virtual networks; while two variables of intrigue and love-related justifications have the weakest relationship with level of using virtual networks.

This paper tries to investigate the anthropological foundation of Jafari on the meaning of life and then some educational and basic principles taken from his viewpoints will be discussed. The present study is descriptive – analytical approach, and the practical deduction and analytical Transcendental methods have been used. The findings indicate that Jafari emphasizing on the religious approach, tries to trace it within the framework of reasonable life. He thinks that two basic elements of wisdom and conscience is very important in the elevation of life perfection of man that under the guidance of prophet's training, changes the man from the non self-made level into self-made and finally to God-mades. He knows the meaning of life and the purpose of life are synonyms and His viewpoints on the meaning of life are based on the theory of God's goal which means life will be meaningful to the extent that it will fulfill the God's goal in creation of man that is to be within the God's attraction. This is significant shift from "pure natural life" to "reasonable life" will be meaningful. The principles that are discussed here are as follows: elevation feelings, elevation of voluntary freedom, superiority of deed over speech, training of conscience, Reasoning along with refinement and accepting responsibility.

Cigarette smoking recognized harmful for human health for decades biologically and psychologically and studied in different disciplines. According to "World Health Organization" report, cigarette introduced as addictive and Addiction to nicotine is as addictive and dangerous as heroin and dependence on it is progressive. Although smoking is known as a substance harmful to human health, this risky behavior increasingly raised specially among youth around world. The prevalence of smoking, especially smoking among students, as the educated class of society that can affect all segments of society. Many studies on the prevalence and risk factors of smoking among students was conducted. Most of these studies was quantitative and showed increasing the prevalence of smoking in universities. The aim of this study that done in qualitative approach, was to explore the meaning and facilitator motives and contexts for cigarette smoking among university students.
Material & Considering cigarette smoking as a meaningful social action, can be captured better in an interpretative and qualitative approach. Accordingly, present study used qualitative research. Qualitative research, versus quantitative one, the researcher merge in field and usually don’t use statistical methods for data analysis. Grounded theory strategy used as research design and data analysis. Research data collected by semi-structured interview that begins by the approach employed to achieve concepts and categories interview was informal dialogue. After the initial concepts were revealed, Using the general interview guide approach, elements and concepts in the interview process were followed. Research field was at Yazd University male dormitories. Participants sample included 38 male students that selected by purposeful sampling method and theoretical sampling is performed compatible with the nature of the underlying theory.Data gathered with semi-structured interview and analyzed by theoretical coding method in three stages including open, selective and axial coding.
Discussion of Results & In line by line analysis of data by open coding, 81 initial concept emerged and then linked together into 24 categories and sub-categories by selective coding. In this phase, main categories and a core Category emerged from Data include Family problems, Smoking as symbol of grief and protest, First semester, term hazard, Friends norm and pressure for conformity, dormitory conditions, and Marginalization of schooling. Experience and representation of smoking selected as core category. According to findings, cigarette smoking has multiple meaning and affecting factors among students. This meaningful action is a process that started before university entrance. Most of research participants started smoking in peer groups or families. They spoke about family bad sphere and family motivating as a main cause of tendency to smoking. Among different family conditions, family poverty, addicted or aggressive parents are two main ones. Some of participants interpreted smoking as a reaction to their family and social conditions or an instrument for social representation. They learned from their parents or close friends that manage their problems in risky ways. In this issue, adolescence experiences was crucial. In university stage, coming far away from family was reduced Family control and accelerated smoking action. Living in dormitory in close to smoker persons, available a situation that students experienced normative pressure for smoking with their roommates. These all conditions are more crucial for first semester that students were far away family and experienced relative autonomy in social relations. Learning from new friends in dormitory and sense of freedom from family and community control move students to smoking as an instrument for adopting with new conditions. Some other Themes such as leisure time and sign for protest and grief was important. Participant lack of meaningful leisure time play important role in smoking. Some students used cigarette for decreasing negative emotions. If they attain to a meaningful leisure, they manage their time better. Finally research main categories interconnected with a paradigm model and relations discussed.

Young people, especially students, are a major part of human capital in any society and it costs a lot to maintain and improve their health. Despite the known harms of smoking for health, tobacco smoking is popular among the youth and students. This research aims to explore the role of leisure in smoking among students on the basis of understanding this socially significant action. The study is a qualitative research and grounded theory has been used to achieve the study objective. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. 50 male students, in the dormitory of YazdUniversity, were non-randomly selected to participate in the study. By analyzing the data in terms of open, axial and selective coding, five main concepts, including lack of family supervision, limited sports facilities, coffee house leisure, passive leisure and tobacco consumption, as the main categories, and a core theoretical variable, i.e. leisure as the context for tobacco consumption, were extracted. Eventually, a paradigmatic model was derived from data.

One of the most important activities in "philosophy of education" is analyzing educational concepts and issues. "Creativity" is considered one of the most important concepts in this field. This paper aims at presenting an analysis of the nature of creativity by referring to Islamic sources. "A conceptual analysis" method is used in this research in which the semantic elements related to the concept of "creativity" in Islamic texts are investigated according to the semantic network and text analysis. According to Islam, the creativity of man who is considered as the caliph of God, is shaded by God's creativity. As the caliph of God, man who has the potentiality which enables him to perform his duties is regarded as the epitome of “creativity". Analyzing the terms governing creativity which come in Islamic texts, this research shows that the concept of "creativity" is framed in two words; namely "creation" and "innovation" both of which refer to the emergence of something new. “Creation”, however, is preceded by matter and time while "innovation" is not. In addition, an inquiry into Islamic texts shows that creativity along with such elements like "knowledge and experience", "power of perception and thought", '' incentive of satisfaction of needs," "volition and free will", "mental concentration", "practical skills", "modeling "and" court-appointed relationship "constitutes a semantic network, which forms the basis for defining" creativity".

The main aim of this research study is to extract the methods for developing creativity prescribed in Islamic Sunah, through content analysis. To do so, conceptual analysis of creativity in the Islamic texts, in particular, and in contemporary psychology, in general, has been discussed; then, the methods of developing creativity in prophet Mohammad and Imams’ conducts have been extracted; the creative methods of thinking are as follows: enquiry, independence in thinking, making subjective similar to objective, regaining the thought organization, negotiation and scientific argumentation, as well as curious observations of nature.