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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

javad moayedi

  • Amin Derakhshanfar, Javad Moayedi, Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi, Iman Jamhiri, Zeinab Dehghan *
    Background

    Developing chicken embryo culture techniques provides methods for manipulating chicken embryos. In this study, the cell-based approach investigated human Wharton›s jelly stem cells (HWJSCs) proliferation and migration into internal embryonic chick tissue.

    Methods

    Wharton’s jelly cells were cultured on an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and seeded on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a 4-day-old chicken embryo. Using an RT-PCR assay with the COLA-I human gene, molecular analysis was performed on chicken liver tissue after hatching to confirm the presence of these cells.

    Results

    The chicken liver tissue from Wharton’s jelly stem cells/ADM sample tested positive for the human COLA-I gene. The COLA-I gene sequence analysis shows this sequence belongs to the COLA-I gene in humans. The cells cultured on CAM can migrate and proliferate in the liver of a chicken embryo.

    Conclusion

    These findings suggest that human cells cultured on the CAM can appear in the liver of chickens. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm this finding.

    Keywords: Chimeric Animal, Human Wharton’S Jelly Stem Cell, Chorioallantoic Membrane, Acellular Dermal Matrix, Chicken Embryo
  • Azadeh Andisheh Tadbir, Javad Moayedi, Maryam Jamilzadeh, Bijan Khademi, Mahyar Malekzadeh, Maryam Mardani *
    Background

    Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein involved in a wide variety of biological functions including cancer pathogenesis and metastasis. However, its clinical value in salivary gland tumors (SGTs) has received little attention. Hence, this study aimed to investigate serum levels of OPN in Iranian patients with benign and malignant SGTs to explore its correlation with the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients with SGTs including malignant (n=60) and benign (n=30) cases. Sixty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were also considered as the control group. Serum levels of OPN in all samples were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

    Results

    The levels of OPN showed significant differences between the patient and control groups (23.16±11.08 ng/mL vs. 10.61±4.99 ng/mL, p<0.0001), as well as between malignant and benign cases of SGTs (26.64±11.73 ng/mL vs. 16.19±4.68 ng/mL, p<0.0001). Additionally, OPN concentration was significantly associated with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients including tumor size, tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) classification, and lymph node involvement, but not with patients' gender, age, size, and type of lesions.

    Conclusion

    Based on the findings, serum levels of OPN could be used as a supportive biomarker to diagnose SGTs and differentiate between benign and malignant cases. This is a preliminary study; therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are highly warranted to assess the potential of OPN for the diagnosis of SGTs at earlier stages.

    Keywords: Osteopontin, Salivary Gland Tumors, Clinicopathological Characteristics
  • Ali Tadayon, Javad Moayedi, Mohamadali Nazarinia, Mahyar Malekzadeh, Sara Kazemi, Maryam Mardani

    Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare immune-mediated rheumatic disease in which the skin, muscles, blood vessels, and internal organs are damaged through chronic inflammation. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and plays a critical role in many inflammatory conditions. This study aims to assess the salivary IL-17 levels in Iranian patients with SSc. In this cross-sectional study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with SSc (n=80) and age- and sex- matched healthy individuals (n=80). The salivary levels of IL-17 in all samples were measured using a commercially available enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The mean salivary levels of IL-17 in patients with SSc were significantly higher than the control group (199.6±38.9 pg/mL vs. 112.7±39.4 pg/mL, P<0.0001). IL-17 in the patient group had a significant positive correlation with anticentromere antibody (ACA) concentration (r=0.875, P<0.0001). The salivary levels of IL-17 showed no significant differences between males and females. Based on the results, salivary levels of IL-17 could be considered a good marker to differentiate patients with SSc from healthy subjects. Considering the role of this inflammatory cytokine in tissue inflammation and its association with ACA concentration, IL-17 might be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc; however, further comprehensive studies are needed to confirm our findings.

    Keywords: Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Saliva, Systemic Sclerosis(Ssc
  • Ali Tadayon, Javad Moayedi, Mohammadali Nazarinia, Zahra Baghayifar, Maryam Mardani *
    Background

    Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin and internal organs. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can enhance the expansion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and thus plays a critical role in many inflammatory autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to assess the salivary IL-23 levels in Iranian patients with SSc compared to healthy individuals.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, unstimulated saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 88 SSc patients and 88 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. The salivary levels of IL-23 in the saliva samples were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

    Results

    The mean salivary levels of IL-23 in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control subjects (164.5 ± 22.1 ng/L vs. 95.8 ± 15.7 ng/L, P < 0.0001). In SSc patients, the salivary IL-23 levels were significantly elevated in ACA-positive compared to ACA-negative participants (179.8 ± 11.2 ng/L vs. 144.3 ± 15.7 ng/L, P < 0.0001). However, IL-23 was not associated with gender or age (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion

    The results suggest that IL-23 is associated with the pathogenesis of SSc; therefore, this pro-inflammatory cytokine is not only a valuable supportive biomarker for monitoring the disease progression but also blocking IL-23 could be considered a potential therapeutic target, especially in early SSc. Further comprehensive studies are needed to confirm our findings.

    Keywords: IL-23, Saliva, Systemic Sclerosis
  • آوا هاشم پور، زهرا موسوی، جواد مویدی*
    مقدمه

    عوامل مختلفی ازجمله ویروس ها در ایجاد سیروز کبدی نقش دارند. اگرچه ارتباط هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 8 (Human Herpesvirus 8, HHV-8) با سیروز کبدی هنوز به خوبی شناخته نشده است، افزایش معنی دار تیتر آنتی بادی ضد این ویروس در بیماران سیروزی مشاهده گردیده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی فراوانی ایمونوگلوبولین G ضدویروس HHV-8 در بیماران ایرانی مبتلا به سیروز کبدی انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این مطالعه مقطعی، 30 فرد سالم دهنده خون و 30 بیمار مبتلا به سیروز کبدی به واسطه ابتلا به ویروس های هپاتیت B (20 نفر) و C (10 نفر) از افراد در لیست انتظار دریافت پیوند کبد وارد مطالعه گردیدند. موارد مثبت HHV-8 IgG در سرم با استفاده از تکنیک الایزا بررسی شد.

    یافته های پژوهش: 

    موارد مثبت HHV-8 IgG در گروه بیماران مبتلا به سیروز و گروه افراد سالم به ترتیب 7/6 درصد (2 بیمار) و 3/3 درصد (1 نفر) بود که میان دو گروه، اختلاف معنی داری نشان نداد (P=0.554). علاوه بر این، عفونت با سن و جنسیت بیماران ارتباط معنی داری نداشت (P>0.05).

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به شیوع اندک عفونت ویروس HHV-8 در بیماران ایرانی مبتلا به سیروز کبدی می توان نتیجه گرفت که HHV-8 ممکن است با بروز و پیشرفت سیروز کبدی مرتبط نباشد؛ بنابراین، HHV-8 نگرانی درباره بروز یا بدتر شدن اختلالات کبدی ایجاد نخواهد کرد.

    کلید واژگان: سیروز، هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 8، پیوند کبد، ایمونوگلوبولین G
    Ava Hashempour, Zahra Musavi, Javad Moayedi*
    Introduction

     Various factors, including viruses, are involved in developing liver cirrhosis. Although the association of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) with liver cirrhosis remains poorly understood, a significant increase in the titer of antibodies against this virus has been observed in cirrhotic patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of HHV-8-immunoglobulin G (HHV-8 IgG) in Iranian patients with liver cirrhosis.

    Material & Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 30 healthy blood donors and 30 patients with liver cirrhosis related to hepatitis B (n=20) and hepatitis C (n=10) viruses from those waiting for liver transplantation were included. The serum seropositivity of HHV-8 IgG antibody was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

    Results

    The seropositivity of HHV-8 IgG antibodies in patients and healthy groups was 6.7% (2 patients) and 3.3% (1 case), respectively, which did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.554). In addition, the infection was not significantly related to the age and gender of the patients (P>0.05).

    Discussion & Conclusion

    Considering the low prevalence of HHV-8 infection in Iranian patients with liver cirrhosis, it can be concluded that HHV-8 may not be associated with the incidence and progression of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, HHV-8 monitoring will not raise the concern about the development or worsening of liver disorders.

    Keywords: CMV infection, Kidney transplantation, Rejection
  • جواد مویدی، زهرا موسوی، آوا هاشمپور*، محمدعلی نظری نیا
    مقدمه

    لوپوس بیماری سیستمیک مزمنی با اتیولوژی پیچیده است و عفونتهای ویروسی در آغاز و پیشرفت آن نقش دارند. هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 8 (HHV-8) در بسیاری از بیماران مبتلا به اختلالات خودایمنی تشخیص داده شده؛ اما نقش آن در لوپوس به خوبی بررسی نگردیده است. مطالعه پیش رو با هدف مقایسه فراوانی و بار ویروسی HHV-8 در بیماران مبتلا به لوپوس و افراد سالم انجام شده است.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این مطالعه مقطعی، 70 بیمار مبتلا به لوپوس و 70 فرد سالم که از نظر جنسیت و سن با گروه بیماران تطبیق داده شده بود، وارد مطالعه گردیدند. بار ویروسی HHV-8 پس از استخراج DNA ویروسی با استفاده از تکنیک Real-time PCR سنجیده شد و نتایج با نرم افزار SPSS در سطح معنی داری 5 درصد تجزیه وتحلیل آماری گردید.

    یافته های پژوهش: 

    بیماران مبتلا به لوپوس شامل 59 زن (3/84 درصد) و 11 مرد (7/15 درصد) با میانگین سنی 4/8±1/31 سال و افراد گروه کنترل شامل 58 زن (9/82 درصد) و 12 مرد (1/17 درصد) با میانگین سنی 2/11±5/33 سال بودند که هیچ یک از نظر آلودگی به ژنوم HHV-8 مثبت نبودند.

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    تا به امروز، هیچ گونه گزارشی درباره این موضوع در ایران وجود ندارد و این مطالعه اولین گزارش است؛ بنابراین، با توجه به دقت بالای تکنیک Real-time PCR و تشخیص ندادن ژنوم HHV-8 در خون بیماران ایرانی مبتلا به لوپوس به نظر می رسد که هیچ یک از افراد بررسی شده حتی در صورت آلودگی به ویروس، به گونه فعال ویروس HHV-8 آلوده نبوده اند که با مطالعات پیشین همخوانی دارد.

    کلید واژگان: لوپوس، HHV-8، بار ویروسی، Real-time PCR
    Javad Moayedi, Zahra Mousavi, Ava Hashempour*, MohammadAli Nazarinia
    Introduction

     Lupus is a chronic systemic disorder with a complex etiology, and viral infections have contributed to its development and progression. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has been diagnosed in many patients with autoimmune disorders; however, its role in lupus has not been well investigated. The present study aimed to compare the frequency and viral load of HHV-8 in patients with lupus and healthy population.

    Material & Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients with lupus and 70 healthy individuals who were matched for gender and age were included. After the extraction of viral DNA, the HHV-8 viral load was measured using the Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the results were analyzed by SPSS software.

    Results

    Patients with lupus consisted of 59 females (84.3%) and 11 males (15.7%) with a mean age of 31.1±8.4 years, and the control group consisted of 58 females (82.9%) and 12 males (17.1%) with a mean age of 33.5±11.2 years, none of them were positive for HHV-8 genome.

    Discussion & Conclusion

    To date, there is no report in this field from Iran, and this study is the first survey. Regarding the high accuracy of the Real-time PCR technique and lack of HHV-8 genome in the blood samples of Iranian patients with lupus, it seems that none of the individuals, even in the case of viral infection, were infected with the active form of HHV-8, which is compatible with the previous studies.

    Keywords: HHV-8, Lupus, Real-time PCR, Viral load
  • Ava Hashempour, Zahra Musavi, Javad Moayedi, Zahra Hasanshahi, Behzad Dehghani *, Farzaneh Ghasabi, Hassan Joulaei
    Background

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has claimed the lives of millions of people during the past decades. While several antiretroviral drugs like Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) have been introduced to control HIV, Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR) in HIV genome caused failure in treatment. This study aimed to investigate TDR and natural occurring mutations (NOPs) in HIV integrase gene in Iranian HIV patients.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, blood samples of 30 HIV-positive patients who had never taken integrase inhibitors were considered for CD4 T cell count, RT real-time PCR, and, Nested PCR. The sequencing results were analyzed by CLC sequence viewer software and Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.

    Results

    In all samples, nine NOPs with a high prevalence were found; however, we did not find any drug resistance mutations, except for a mutation in one sample, which showed a low resistance level. Subtype A1 was dominant in all samples.

    Conclusion

    Based on the findings and compared to our previous study, all patients were sustainable to main integrase inhibitors, including bictegravir, raltegravir, bictegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir. It seems the resistant mutation pattern attributed to integrase inhibitors was not diffent among studied patients; hence, the prescription of such inhibitors helps physicians to control HIV infection in Iranian HIV-infected patients.

    Keywords: Drug resistance, HIV, Integrase
  • Zahra Hasanshahi, Ava Hashempour *, Javad Moayedi, Zahra Musavi, Behzad Rezaei, Behzad Dehghani, Farzane Ghasabi

    The emergence of resistance to antiretroviral drugs is the main problem in their long-term efficacy and by considering the wide use of protease inhibitors (PIs), monitoring drug resistance mutations is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the PIs drug resistance mutations in Iranian patients as well as subtyping using bioinformatics analysis. Fifteen Iranian patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLWH) were examined. RNA was used to amplify and sequence the HIV protease gene; also, HIV viral load was determined for all samples. The sequencing results were analyzed by several strong bioinformatics tools to determine the drug-resistance mutations and HIV subtypes. Some polymorphisms in the protease gene were recognized; however, there was no significant rate of major or minor drug resistance mutations in our studied patients. Subtyping analysis revealed the new subtype (D) and the previously reported ones, A and CRF-AD 35, in patients. This study confirmed that the resistance mutations and genetic polymorphisms of the protease region are rare in Iranian-infected patients that can be concluded that prescribing protease inhibitor class in HIV-infected patients is promising in controlling HIV in Iran. In addition, conducting periodic studies to determine the new mutations and the rate of drug resistance to PIs in Iranian individuals highlights the importance of WHO guidelines that recommends monitoring of genotypic-resistance testing and investigation of mutations in HIV-related genes.

    Keywords: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), Protease, Drug resistance
  • مقدمه

     ناهنجاری های درون رحمی غدد درون ریز اثرات عمیقی بر ایجاد اختلالات فیزیولوژیکی دارد.

    هدف

     این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی اثرات عرضه درون رحمی لتروزول (یک مهارکننده آروماتاز) و عواقب دیرهنگام آن بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی و متابولیکی فرزندان نر بالغ انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها

     پانزده موش صحرایی آبستن نژاد Sprague-Dawley (8 هفته، 155 گرم) بطور تصادفی در 5 گروه آزمایش قرار گرفتند (هر گروه 3 موش) و به صورت دهانی لتروزول در دوزهای 25/0، 75/0، 00/1 و 25/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن یا حامل (کنترل) را در روزهای 16، 17 و 18 آبستنی دریافت کردند. نتایج آبستنی، رفتارهای جنسی در روز 60 پس از تولد، صفات بیوشیمیایی سرم و هیستوپاتولوژی بیضه در فرزندان نر ارزیابی شدند.

    نتایج

     در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، تاخیر زایش (83/21 در مقابل 25/24، 0001/0p < ) و کاهش تعداد نوزاد متولد شده (25/12 در مقابل 2، 0001/0p < ) در گروه 25/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن ثبت شد. کاهش سطح لیپوپروتیین با چگالی بالا و افزایش وزن بیضه، وزن بدن، فاصله اینوژنیتال، همچنین غلظت های سرمی تستوسترون، تری گلیسیرید، کلسترول و گلوکز در گروه های 25/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن (0001/0 <p) و 0/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن (0001/0  <p) در مقایسه با کنترل مشاهده شد. همچنین در مقایسه با کنترل، تعداد بیشتر رفتار بوییدن قسمت اینوژنیتال ماده، تعقیب کردن و سواری گرفتن در گروه 25/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن (0001/0 < p) مشاهده شد. آسیب های شدید هیستوپاتولوژیک در بیضه شامل نکروز و شکاف در اپیتلیوم لوله های سمینیفروس، کنده شدن سلول های اپیتلیال و توقف اسپرماتوژنز در گروه های دریافت کننده لتروزول به صورت وابسته به دوز مشاهده شد.

    نتیجه گیری

     عرضه لتروزول به مادر می تواند اثرات نامطلوبی بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی و متابولیکی فرزندان نر موش صحرایی بگذارد، که نشان دهنده تمایز جنسیتی ناکامل است.

    کلید واژگان: آندروژن ها، مهارکننده های آروماتاز، موش صحرایی، فعالیت های جنسی، هیستوپاتولوژی بیضه
    Zahra Shaaban, Amin Derakhshanfar, MohammadReza Jafarzadeh Shirazi, MohammadJavad Zamiri, Javad Moayedi, Mahjoob Vahedi, Abouzar Valizadeh
    Background

     Intrauterine endocrine abnormalities have profound effects on the development of physiological disorders.

    Objective

     This study aimed to assess the effects of in utero exposure to letrozole (an aromatase inhibitor) and its late consequences on the reproductive and metabolic performance of an adult male offspring.

    Materials and Methods

     15 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (8 wk, 155 gr) were randomly assigned into 5 experimental groups (n = 3/each) and orally received either letrozole at doses of 0.25, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 mg/kg body weight (BW) or vehicle (control) on the gestation days of 16, 17, and 18. Pregnancy outcome, sexual behaviors on postnatal day 60, serum biochemical features, and the histopathology of testes were assessed in male offspring.

    Results

     Compared to control group, delayed labor (21.83 vs. 24.25, p < 0.0001) and reduced litter size (n = 12.25 vs. n = 2, p < 0.0001) were recorded in 1.25 mg/kg BW group. A reduction in high-density lipoprotein level and the elevation of testes weight, BW gain, anogenital distance, as well as the serum concentrations of testosterone, triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose were observed in 1.25 mg/kg BW (p < 0.0001) and 1.00 mg/kg BW (p < 0.0001) groups in comparison to control. A larger number of anogenital female sniffing, pursuit, and mounting behaviors were also observed in 1.25 mg/kg BW group in comparison to control (p < 0.0001). Severe testicular defects including necrosis and disruption of the epithelium of seminiferous tubules, sloughing of epithelial cells, and spermatogenesis arrest were observed in letrozole-treated groups, in a dose-dependent manner.

    Conclusion

     Maternal exposure to letrozole can adversely affect the reproductive and metabolic performance of male offspring rats, suggesting an incomplete sex differentiation.

    Keywords: Androgens, Aromatase inhibitors, Rat, Sexual activities, Testes histopathology
  • زهرا حسن شاهی، بهزاد دهقانی، طیبه هاشم پور*، جواد مویدی
    سابقه و هدف

    P24 یکی از اجزای مهم کپسید رتروویروس ها می باشد. مطالعات متعددی اثر مهاری پروتیین ملیتین را بر روی عملکرد ویروس ایدز نشان داده اند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر این پروتیین بر روی پروتیین P24 در دو ویروس SIV (ویروس نقص ایمنی میمونی) و HIV (ویروس نقص ایمنی انسانی) با استفاده از نرم افزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی بود.

    مواد و روش ها:

     توالی های پروتیین P24 دو ویروس SIV و HIV از بانک ژنی دریافت شد و سپس توسط نرم افزارهای متعددی ویژگی های آن بررسی شد. هم چنین تشابهات ساختاری پروتیین P24 در SIV و HIV مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت و از آنالیز داکینیگ برای بررسی برهم کنش پروتیین های ملیتین و P24 استفاده شد و پایداری نتایج داکینیک به روش دینامیک مولکولی تایید شدند.

    یافته ها: 

    وجود جایگاه های متعدد فسفوریلاسیون، گلیکوزیلاسیون و پیوند دی سولفید در پروتیین P24 مشاهده شد. نتایج داکینگ نشان دهنده امکان اتصال بالایی بین پروتیین P24 هر دو ویروس و ملیتین بود. هم چنین تشابه بالای ساختار سوم پروتیین P24 در دو ویروس مشخص شد. بررسی دینامیک مولکولی نشان دهنده پایداری مولکولی برهم کنش بین دو پروتیین ملیتین و P24 بود.

    استنتاج

    انرژی بالای اتصال بین ملیتین و پروتیین P24 نشان دهنده امکان زیاد اتصال این دو پروتیین است که می تواند تعیین کننده اثر مهاری پروتیین ملیتین بر عملکرد ساختار کپسید هر دو ویروس باشد. بررسی تشابه ساختار سوم پروتیین P24 در هر دو ویروس نیز نشان داد علی رغم وجود تفاوت بالا در توالی پروتیینی، آن ها ازلحاظ فولدینگ و ساختار فضایی بسیار مشابه هستند. استفاده از ملیتین در مهار عفونت های SIV در میمون ها می تواند به عنوان مدلی برای مهار ویروس HIV در انسان استفاده شود.

    کلید واژگان: HIV، SIV، P24، ملیتین، بیوانفورماتیک
    Zahra Hasanshahi, Behzad Dehghani, Tayebeh Hashempour*, Javad Moayedi
    Background and purpose

    P24 is one of the important components of retroviruses capsid. Several studies have shown the inhibitory effect of melittin protein on the function of AIDS virus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this protein on P24 in SIV and HIV viruses using bioinformatics software.

    Materials and methods

    P24 protein sequences of SIV and HIV were obtained from a gene bank and their features were analyzed using different software programs. Also, structural similarities of P24 protein between SIV and HIV viruses were examined. Docking analysis was used to examine the interactions between melittin and P24 proteins. The stability of docking results were confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation.

    Results

    Findings showed numerous phosphorylation, glycosylation sites, and di-sulfide bonds in P24 protein. Docking results indicated a probable interaction between P24 protein of both viruses and melittin. The results showed similarity of the third structure of P24 protein between the two viruses. Analysis of molecular dynamics showed molecular stability of the interactions between P24 and melittin proteins.

    Conclusion

    High energy values of the interaction between melittin and P24 indicated high binding potential of the two proteins, which can determine the inhibitory effect of melittin on the function of HIV capsid. Analysis of the third structure of P24 protein in both viruses showed that they are very similar despite the high difference in protein sequences from the point of view of folding and 3D structure. Application of melittin to control SIV infections in primates can be used as a model for inhibiting HIV in humans.

    Keywords: HIV, SIV, melittin, bioinformatics
  • Amin Derakhshanfar, Gholamhossein Darya, Mahjoob Vahedi, Abouzar Valizadeh, Javad Moayedi *
    Objective

    Although chemicals including trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) are widely used to induce ulcerative colitis (UC) in laboratory animals, they are expensive and have side effects. This study aimed to introduce a novel model of chronic UC using ammonium chloride as an inexpensive material.

    Materials and Methods

    In this in-vivo study, 21 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups as follows: the first group (control) was received 0.5 cc of distilled water and the second and third groups were received 0.5 cc of ammonium chloride at concentrations of 2 mol/L or 4 mol/L through rectal enemas for 14 consecutive days (once daily). The procedure was stopped for two weeks, and then started and continued till rectal bleeding was observed. At the end, animals were sacrificed and colon, liver, and kidney tissues were examined histopathologically.

    Results

    Although gross observation of colons in the control group showed a normal structure without histopathological changes, rectal enemas with 2 mol/L ammonium chloride caused hemorrhagic areas as well as mild edema of the sub mucosal layer and inflammatory cell infiltration. Besides, rectal enemas with 4 mol/L ammonium chloride caused an extensive ulceration/necrosis, severe inflammation and edema, moderate fibrinous exudate, and mild atrophy of intestinal glands. The liver and kidney tissues were normal in all groups.

    Conclusion

    Based on the findings, ammonium chloride can be used as an inexpensive alternative for inducing a chronic model of UC in rat. Current model also fulfills the histopathological criteria of UC.

    Keywords: Ammonium Chloride, Ulcerative Colitis, Experimental, Rat
  • Amin Derakhshanfar, Javad Moayedi, Mehdi Kian *
    Objective

    Coronaviruses (CoVs) infections are among the most common diseases in humans and animals. In this paper, the effects of human-animal host interactions of a new coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) emerged from China were reviewed and possible health complications and hazards were investigated.

    Materials and Methods

    Electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and bioRxiv were searched for possible animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2 from the years 2019 to 2022 by following keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, animal, and transmission.

    Results

    Among different animal species, non-human primates, ferrets, hamsters, and felines are the most susceptible animals to SARS-COV-2 infection and some of them have the ability to transmit the virus to humans.

    Conclusion

    The risk of emerging zoonotic diseases is not far from the mind; hence, the animal populations should be periodically monitored for the possible occurrence and spread of such diseases. It is also recommended to follow hygienic instructions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, Zoonosis, Animal, One Health
  • هادی توکلی، امین درخشان فر*، جواد مویدی، علی پوست فروش فرد
    سابقه و هدف

    مصرف وشا به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی می تواند آثار جانبی مختلفی به همراه داشته باشد. مطالعه پیش رو با هدف تعیین اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی گیاه وشا بر وزن، رشد، بافت های خارجی و داخلی جنین با استفاده از مدل جنینی ماکیان در سال 1398 انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها

     در این مطالعه تجربی 21 عدد تخم مرغ نطفه دار به طور تصادفی به سه گروه مساوی (هر گروه هفت عدد) تقسیم شد. در روز چهارم دوره انکوباسیون، مقدار 5/0 میلی لیتر فسفات بافر سالین یا عصاره هیدروالکلی وشا با دوزهای 50 و 100 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم وزن تخم مرغ به ترتیب به داخل تخم مرغ های گروه کنترل و گروه های آزمایش تلقیح شد. به جنین ها تا روز 18 اجازه رشد داده شد و سپس زیر میکروسکوپ لوپ از نظر ضایعه های ماکروسکوپی ارزیابی شدند. پس از تهیه اسلایدهای هیستوپاتولوژی، ضایعه های میکروسکوپی جنین ها هم بررسی شد. برای تعیین اختلاف معنا دار متغیرهای کمی بین گروه ها از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    در گروه عصاره هیدروالکلی وشا با دوز 100 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم نسبت به کنترل، طول بدن (67/6±21/41 در مقایسه با 88/4±24/86) و وزن جنین (22/0±34/0 در مقایسه با 23/0±59/0) کاهش معنا داری را نشان داد (به ترتیب 048/0=p و 0001/0<p). بیش ترین آثار پاتولوژیک در بافت های ریه، کبد و کلیه گروه دریافت کننده عصاره با دوز 100 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم مشاهده شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به مصرف وشا در مناطق مختلف ایران و آثار سوء عصاره هیدروالکلی آن بر اندام های خارجی و داخلی جنین، پیشنهاد می شود استفاده از این گیاه به خصوص در دوران بارداری با احتیاط انجام شود.

    کلید واژگان: گیاه وشا، جنین ماکیان، اثر جانبی
    Hadi Tavakkoli, Amin Derakhshanfar*, Javad Moayedi, Ali Poostforoosh Fard
    Background and aim

    Consumption of Dorema ammoniacum (D. ammoniacum) as herb can have different side effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the D. ammoniacum hydroalcoholic extract on the weight, growth, and external and internal tissues of embryo using a chick embryo model during 2019.

    Materials and Methods

    In the present experimental study, 21 embryonated eggs were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (7 per group). On the fourth day of incubation, 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer saline or D.ammoniacum hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg egg-weight were inoculated into the eggs of the control and experiment groups, respectively. Embryos were allowed to develop until day 18, and then were examined for macroscopic lesions under a loupe microscope. After preparing histopathologic slides, microscopic lesions of embryos were also examined. SPSS was used running one-way analysis of variance with Turkey›s post hock test to determine significant differences of quantitative variables between groups.

    Results

    In the group of D. ammoniacum hydroalcoholic extract at dose of 100 mg/kg compared to the control,body length (6.67±41.21 vs. 4.88±86.24) and embryo weight (0.22±0.34 vs. 0.23±0.59) showed a significant decrease (p=0.048 and p<0.0001, respectively). Most pathological effects were observed in the lung, liver,and kidney of the group receiving the extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg.

    Conclusion

    Considering the consumption of D. ammoniacum in different regions of Iran and the side effects of its hydroalcoholic extract on external and internal organs of the chick embryo, it is suggested that this herb be used with caution, especially during pregnancy.

    Keywords: Dorema ammoniacum, Chick embryo, Side effects
  • امین درخشانفر، هادی توکلی*، جواد مویدی، علی پوست فروش فرد
    زمینه و هدف

    مصرف مکمل های غذایی حاوی اسید آمینه لیزین با سرعت چشمگیری در حال افزایش است اما اثرات آسیب شناختی و تراتوژنیک این اسید آمینه بر جنین انسان هنوز به خوبی مشخص نیست. نانوداروها قدرت نفوذپذیری به بافت ها را افزایش می دهند، لذا استفاده از آنها در علوم پزشکی و تغذیه مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، سمیت اسید آمینه لیزین و شکل نانوی آن با استفاده از مدل جنینی ماکیان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

    روش کار

    در این مطالعه تجربی، تعداد 70 تخم مرغ نطفه دار به هفت گروه مساوی تقسیم شد. در گروه کنترل cc 5/0 فسفات بافر سالین و در گروه های آزمایش cc 5/0 لیزین و لیزین نانو در دوزهای mg/kg 30، mg/kg 50 و mg/kg 100 وزن تخم مرغ تلقیح گردید. به جنین ها تا روز 18 اجازه رشد داده شد، سپس از نظر ضایعات ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی بررسی شدند. جهت تعیین اختلاف معنی دار بین گروه ها از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد و سطح معنی داری کمتر از 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد.

    یافته ها

    تزریق دوز mg/kg 100 اسید آمینه لیزین نانو منجر به کاهش وزن و رشد جنین شد. اسید آمینه های لیزین و لیزین نانو باعث بروز آثار آسیب شناختی متفاوتی شامل ادم در بافت های مغز و ریه، میکروترومبوز مغز، دژنراسیون سلول های کبدی و اتساع ساینوزوییدها، کبد چرب، پرخونی و اتساع مویرگ های قلب، رابدومیولیز و جایگزینی عضلات قلبی بوسیله بافت های میکسوماتوز، آتروفی گلومرول های کلیوی، پرخونی در اندام های مغز، ریه، کبد و کلیه گردید.

    نتیجه گیری

    دوره جنینی در ماکیان شبیه انسان است لذا مصرف اسید آمینه لیزین و لیزین نانو طی دوران بارداری ممکن است آثار نامناسبی بر اندام های داخلی جنین انسان داشته باشد، بنابراین پیشنهاد می گردد مصرف آنها در دوران بارداری با احتیاط صورت پذیرد.

    کلید واژگان: لیزین، هیستوپاتولوژی، جنین، سمیت، ماکیان
    Amin Derakhshanfar, Hadi Tavakkoli*, Javad Moayedi, Ali Poostforoosh Fard
    Background & Aims

    Millions of people take dietary supplements for a range of health benefits, from weight loss to muscle building, but some supplements can be very harmful. Lysine is an essential amino acid for humans and has several physiological effects on body organs and the growth process. It is found in large amounts in the structure of most proteins like histones, but not produced enough in the human body and must be supplied through food intake. The use of food supplements containing lysine amino acids is increasing rapidly in the world; however, the toxicopathological effects of such amino acids have always been a major concern. Besides, the use of nanodrugs increases the permeability of compounds to body tissues; therefore, the use of various drugs, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in nano forms have been considered in medical and nutritional sciences. Since the pathological and teratogenic effects of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids on human fetus have not been evaluated, the current study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of lysine amino acid and its nano-form in different concentrations using the chick embryo model. Due to ethical rules and regulations, no drug experiment on the human fetus is permitted; hence, the chick embryo model is used as an ideal opportunity to study the adverse effects of such amino acids.

    Methods

    In this experimental study, a total of 70 fertile chicken eggs (Ross 308) with the similar average egg-weight were purchased from the Mahan Breeder Company, Kerman, Iran. The eggs were incubated at 37.5 ºC and 60% relative humidity in an incubator. On the 4th day of the embryonic growth, the chicken eggs were randomly assigned into seven equal groups, 10 eggs each. The wider end of the eggs was disinfected by ethanol 70% and the eggshell was punctured. Embryos received treatment by direct injection into the yolk sac according to the standard techniques. In the control group, 0.5 cc of phosphate buffer saline and in experiment groups, 0.5 cc of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids at doses of 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg egg weight were inoculated. After treatment, the exposed hole was sealed with warmed paraffin and the eggs were placed back into the incubator under the mentioned condition. The viability of the embryos was checked throughout the incubation period by candling. Embryos were allowed to develop until day 18, after which they were humanely killed by placing on ice and the eggs were opened at the wider end. After washing in normal saline solution, embryos were observed under stereomicroscope to study any gross abnormalities on the external body surface. The membranes and yolk sac were also inspected. The average embryo-weight/egg-weight in grams and the average body length in millimeters of each group were also computed. Body weight was measured by a digital scale and body length was measured by a digital caliper (from the front border of the head to the base of the tail including the tip of the uropygial gland). The tissues including brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney were sampled and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Following routine preparation of tissues, serial sections of paraffin embedded tissue samples of 5 μm thicknesses were cut using a microtome, and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. Tissue slides were evaluated under light microscope by a blinded pathologiest. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. The Fisher's exact test was used to determine the significant differences in lesion occurrence between experimental groups. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test was applied to assess the significance of differences in embryos weight and body length. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

    Results

    All the embryos treated with doses of 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg egg weight of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids were normal; hence, there were no abnormality in color, feather, limb, and other external body features. Besides, there were no marked depression in the body length and the embryo-weight/egg-weight of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids treated groups; however, inoculation of nano-lysine amino acid at dose of 100 mg/kg was resulted in embryos weight loss and growth retard. Various pathological lesions were observed following the inoculation of doses of 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg egg weight of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids. In all experimental groups, congestion and edema were observed in the lung tissue but it was much more severe in those treated with doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg egg weight of nano-lysine amino acid. Congestion and edema were also observed in the brain of all groups; however, microtrombosis was seen merely in those treated with doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg egg weight of lysine amino acid. In liver tissues, congestion and fatty liver were obvious in those treated with doses of 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg egg weight of nano-lysine amino acid. However, the embryos treated with different doses of lysine amino acid showed severe dilation of central veins and sinusoids as well as hepatocellular degeneration. Although inoculation of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids at dose of 30 mg/kg lead to congestion in kidney tissue, the higher doses in both lysine and nano-lysine amino acids treated groups caused sever congestion, renal glomerular atrophy, dilation of vasculature, tubular dilatation, and tubular epithelial changes. The heart in those treated with 30 mg/kg egg weight of lysine amino acid was normal. Congestion and dilation of myocardial vasculature were observed in the heart tissues of other groups. Besides, rhabdomyolysis and replacement of cardiac muscle by myxomatous tissues were also seen in the heart of those treated with 100 mg/kg egg weight of nano-lysine amino acid.

    Conclusion

    Based on findings of this study, inoculation of doses of 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg egg weight of lysine and nano-lysine amino acids are toxic to the chicken embryo in a dose dependent manner. Embryogenesis in chick is similar to human; therefore, the use of lysine and nano-lysine during the pregnancy might have adverse effects on the internal organs of the human fetus. Therefore, it is recommended that the use of these compounds during pregnancy be taken with caution.

    Keywords: Lysine, Histopathology, Fetus, Toxic, Chicken
  • آوا هاشم پور، جواد مویدی*، زهرا موسوی، محمدعلی نظری نیا، زهرا حسن شاهی، فرزانه قصابی، مهرداد حلاجی
    زمینه و هدف

    لوپوس بیماری خودایمنی سیستمیک است که تقریبا تمام ارگان های بدن را درگیر می کند و عفونت های ویروسی در آغاز و یا پیشرفت آن دخالت دارند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی وضعیت سرولوژیکی برخی از عفونت های ویروسی در بیماران مبتلا به لوپوس و جمعیت سالم انجام شده است.

    روش بررسی

    این مطالعه توصیفی از خرداد 1396 تا اردیبهشت 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات ایدز دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز روی 70 بیمار مبتلا به لوپوس و 70 فرد سالم که به هیچ نوع بیماری خودایمنی مبتلا نبوده و از نظر جنسیت و سن با گروه بیماران تطبیق داده شده بودند انجام گردید. نمونه های پلاسما با استفاده از کیت های الیزا از نظر وجود آنتی ژن سطحی ویروس هپاتیت B (HBsAg)، آنتی بادی ضد ویروس هپاتیت C (HCVAb)، آنتی بادی ضدویروس اچ آی وی (HIVAb)، ایمونوگلوبولین G ضد آنتی ژن کپسید ویروس اپشتین بار (EBV-VCA-IgG) و ایمونوگلوبولین G ضد سایتومگالوویروس (CMV-IgG) بررسی شدند.

    یافته ها:

     موارد مثبت سرولوژیکی CMV-IgG و EBV-VCA-IgG در گروه بیماران لوپوس به ترتیب 70 (100%) و 65 (9/92%) و در گروه افراد سالم 68 (1/97%) و 57 (4/81%) بود. فراوانی EBV-VCA-IgG در گروه بیماران لوپوس به طور معنا داری بیشتر از افراد سالم بود (P=0.043). میزان جذب نوری CMV-IgG و EBV-VCA-IgG در نمونه های بیماران نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معنا داری بالاتر بود (0001/0<p). تمامی بیماران از نظر HBsAg و HIVAb منفی بودند و HCVAb تنها در یک بیمار (4/1%) مبتلا به لوپوس تشخیص داده شد.

    نتیجه گیری:

     با توجه به بیشتر بودن موارد مثبت EBV-VCA-IgG و نیز بالاتر بودن تیتر آنتی بادی های ضد CMV و EBV در بیماران لوپوس در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، به نظر می رسد سنجش بار ویروسی در این بیماران به صورت دوره ای مفید خواهد بود تا زمانی که میزان آنها در خون زیاد می شود، با تجویز دارو کنترل شود.

    کلید واژگان: سایتومگالوویروس، اپشتین بار ویروس، هپاتیت، لوپوس، عفونت های ویروسی
    Ava Hashempour, Javad Moayedi*, Zahra Musavi, MohammadAli Nazarinia, Zahra Hasanshahi, Farzaneh Ghasabi, Mehrdad Halaji
    Background

    Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects almost all organs of the body, and viral infections are involved in its development and progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the serological status of some viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a healthy population.

    Methods

    This descriptive study conducted from May 2017 to April 2018 at Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran on 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 70 healthy individuals who had no autoimmune diseases and were matched with the patient group for age and sex. All patients had active records and were routinely visited in rheumatology clinic of Hafez hospital, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The evidence of active disease was assessed by the physicians of this practice according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Peripheral blood samples were collected in tubes containing EDTA and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. The plasma of study participants was evaluated for HBsAg, HCVAb, HIVAb, EBV-VCA-IgG, and CMV-IgG using a commercially available ELISA kit.

    Results

    The seropositivity of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG in the systemic lupus erythematosus group was 70 (100%) and 65 (92.9%), and in healthy individuals was 68 (97.1%) and 57 (81.4%), respectively. The prevalence of EBV-VCA-IgG in the systemic lupus erythematosus group was significantly higher than healthy ones (P=0.043). The optical density (OD) of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was significantly higher than in healthy individuals (P<0.0001). All patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were negative for HBsAg and HIVAb, but HCVAb was detected in 1 (1.4%) patient.

    Conclusion

    Considering the higher frequency of EBV-VCA-IgG and the higher titer of antibodies against CMV and EBV in patient groups compared to healthy individuals group, it seems that periodical assessment of viral load in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus will be beneficial to prescribe medication by physicians if it is needed.

    Keywords: cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, hepatitis, lupus, viral infections
  • امین درخشان فر، هادی توکلی*، جواد مویدی، علی پوست فروش فرد
    مقدمه

    عوارض جانبی داروها همواره به عنوان یکی از موارد بحث برانگیز در علوم پزشکی مطرح بوده است. تاکنون تحقیقات کافی درباره آثار جانبی و پاتولوژیک گیاه کلپوره به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی بر جنین صورت نگرفته است. لذا مطالعه ی پیش رو در نظر دارد اثرات پاتولوژیک عصاره هیدروالکلی گیاه کلپوره بر ترکیبات شیمیایی مایع کوریوآلانتوییک و پارامترهای وزن، رشد و بافت های خارجی و داخلی جنین را با استفاده از مدل جنینی ماکیان مورد بررسی قرار دهد.

    مواد و روش ها

    تعداد 48 تخم مرغ نطفه دار از نژاد راس 308 بطور تصادفی به 3 گروه مساوی تقسیم گردید. در گروه اول (کنترل) مقدار 5/0 سی سی فسفات بافر سالین و در گروه های دوم و سوم 5/0 سی سی عصاره هیدروالکلی کلپوره به ترتیب با دوزهای 25 و 50 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم وزن تخم مرغ به داخل زرده تخم مرغ ها تلقیح گردید. به جنین ها تا روز 18 اجازه رشد داده شد و سپس از نظر ضایعات ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.

    یافته ها

    تزریق عصاره هیدروالکلی موجب ایجاد اختلال در وزن، رشد و فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی مایع کوریوآلانتوییک در طول دوران رشد گردید و بیشترین آثار پاتولوژیک در بافت های پوششی، مغز، ریه، قلب، کبد و کلیه جنین های دریافت کننده عصاره کلپوره با دوز 50 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم مشاهده گردید.

    نتیجه گیری

    عصاره هیدروالکلی کلپوره می تواند آثار پاتولوژیک مختلفی در اندام های خارجی، داخلی و مایع کوریوآلانتوییک ایجاد نماید. با توجه به مصرف این گیاه در مناطق مختلف ایران، توصیه می شود استفاده از آن بخصوص در دوران بارداری با احتیاط صورت پذیرد.

    کلید واژگان: هیستوپاتولوژی، گیاهان دارویی، کلپوره، جنین، ماکیان
    Amin Derakhshanfar, Hadi Tavakkoli*, Javad Moayedi, Ali Poostforoosh Fard
    Introduction

    Side effects of drugs have always been controversial issues in medical science. To date, sufficient researches were not performed on the side and pathological effects of Teucrium polium as an herb in the fetus. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract on chorioallantoic fluid composition, weight, growth, external and internal tissues of the fetus using a chick embryo model.

    Materials and Methods

    A total of 48 Ross 308 embryonated eggs were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. In the first group (control), 0.5 CC of phosphate buffer saline and the second and third groups, Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract with doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg egg-weight were inoculated into the eggs. Embryos were allowed to develop until day 18 and then examined for macroscopic and microscopic lesions.

    Results

    Injection of e hydroalcoholic extract caused a disturbance in the weight, growth, and biochemical factors of the chorioallantoic fluid during the growth period. The most pathological effects were observed in the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney of the embryos which received the Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg.

    Conclusion

    Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract can produce various pathological effects in the external organ, internal organ, and the chorioallantoic fluid. Considering the consumption of this herb in different regions of Iran, it is recommended that its usage be taken with caution, especially during pregnancy.

    Keywords: Histopathology, Herbal, Teucrium polium, Fetus, Chick
  • Maryam Mardani, Azita Sadeghzadeh *, Nader Tanideh, Azadeh Andisheh Tadbir, Fatemeh Lavaee, Moein Zarei, Javad Moayedi
    Objective(s)
    Various therapeutic approaches, including stem-cell-based strategies and tissue engineering, have been proposed for oral ulcerative lesions. We investigated the effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded onto the curcumin-loaded collagen scaffold in the mucosal healing of oral ulcers in rats.
    Materials and Methods
    The current experimental study was conducted on 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral ulcers were created over both sides of buccal mucosa, and the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: 1) an untreated group (negative control); 2) Teriadent-treated group (positive control); 3) group treated with curcumin-loaded collagen scaffold; and 4) group received the ADSCs (3 × 106 cells) seeded onto the curcumin-loaded collagen scaffold. Rats were sacrificed on 3rd and 7th day after ulceration for histopathological examination as well as measurement of tissue levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) activity.
    Results
    Compared with the negative control, the tissue levels of MPO and IL-1β were significantly decreased in all treated groups (p <0.0001); however, the SOD activity was elevated (p <0.0001). The highest SOD activity as well as the lowest MPO and IL-1β levels were observed in the ADSCs-curcumin-loaded collagen scaffold group. The ulcer healing process at 3rd and 7th day follow-up was much more progressed in the ADSCs-curcumin-loaded collagen scaffold group in comparison with the untreated group (P=0.037 and P=0.004, respectively).
    Conclusion
    According to the findings of this study, ADSCs seeded onto the curcumin-loaded collagen scaffold seems to have a promising potential for oral ulcer healing applications.
    Keywords: ADSCs, Collagen, Curcumin, Experimental, Oral ulcers, Scaffold, Ulcer healing
  • Javad Moayedi, Tayebeh Hashempour *, Zahra Musavi, Behzad Dehghani, Zahra Hasanshahi, Shahin Merat

    We aimed to investigate the association of pretreatment host and/or viral related factors with sustained virological response (SVR) rate in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infected patients. This cohort study was performed on 200 IFN-naïve Iranian CHC patients who were treated with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) plus ribavirin (RBV). Pretreatment levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood sugar (FBS), HCV load and genotype were determined and the pattern of changes was monitored throughout the course of treatment. The baseline FBS value in the non-responder group was significantly higher than that of the SVR group. The SVR group showed a rapid and continuous decline of ALT/AST activity from the beginning of the treatment, while the ALT level was fluctuating in non-responder and relapse groups. Persistent normalization of transaminases during combination antiviral therapy was significantly associated with SVR rate. Besides, age and FBS level had the greatest impact on SVR.

    Keywords: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Sustained virological response, Predictive marker, Transaminase
  • Seyedeh Sara Hashemi, Mohammad Reza Pourfath, Amin Derakhshanfar *, Abbas Behzad Behbahani, Javad Moayedi
    Objective(s)

    One of the essential problems in burn therapy is performing the permanent replacement of skin in full and deep thickness injuries. Human Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (HWJMSCs) have a unique combination of prenatal and postnatal properties. Decellularized human amniotic membrane (DHAM) can be used as a scaffold for HWJMSCs-therapy. We aimed to evaluate the quantity and quality of healing in the early excision burn wound dressing with 3-dimensional and 2- dimensional cell cultures.

    Materials and Methods

    Amniotic and umbilical cords were isolated from the mothers who were candidates for cesarean section. HAM was decellularized using the mechanical and enzymatic method. HWJMSCs were isolated and cultured; cell surface markers were examined for authentication of MSCs and labeled using a viral vector containing the cGFP gene. Burns were created using brass bar in 32 adult male Albino rats and randomly divided into four groups (DHAM+HWJMSCs, injection of HWJMSCs, HWJMSCs was spread on the wound, and DHAM alone). Rats were sacrificed on the 7th and 14th days for pathological examination of the wound. Comparisons between the study groups were made by one-way analysis of variance.

    Results

    Wound healing process in DHAM+HWJMSCs was much more progressed during the first week in comparison to other groups, and exhibited significant differences in re-epithelialization, formation of granulation tissue, and hemorrhage (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    The utility of the amniotic scaffold seeded by the human mesenchymal stem cells is recommended for accelerating the healing process.

    Keywords: HWJMSCs, Labeled cells, Wound healing, 2-dimensional cell culture, 3-dimensional cell culture
  • Hadi Tavakkoli, Amin Derakhshanfar *, Javad Moayedi, Ali Poostforoosh Fard
    Objective
    Extensive research has been done to assess the efficacy of herbs for treating different disorders. Dorema ammoniacum (D. ammoniacum) is used in folk medicines for various goals. The application of herbs in medicine is accompanied by harmful effects. Chick embryo is considered a suitable model for assessing drugs toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in vasculature in chick’s extra-embryonic membrane following D. ammoniacum treatment. Alterations in molecular pathways associated with early embryonic angiogenesis such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were also evaluated.
    Materials and Methods
    Fertile chicken (Ross 308) eggs were allocated into three similar groups; sham, control and D. ammoniacum groups; in D. ammoniacum group, eggs were inoculated with plant’s extract at doses of 50 or 100 mg per kg egg-weight.
    Results
    Analysis of the extra-embryonic membrane vasculature revealed that D. ammoniacum extract decreases some vascular parameters such as vessels area, total vessels length, vascular branch and increases lacunarity. This herb’s vascular toxicity was in a dose-dependent manner. Down-regulation of the expression of VEGF-A was also seen in the extract-treated extra-embryonic membrane.
    Conclusion
    Vascular toxicity of D. ammoniacum was confirmed by data presented in this paper. We conclude that alteration of vascular parameters and gene expression might finally lead to embryo malformation due to D. ammoniacum consumption. Therefore, the use of this herb must be limited during the fetal growth period especially at doses higher than 50 mg per kg.
    Keywords: Dorema ammoniacum, Embryo, fetus, Pathology, Angiogenesis, VEGF-A
  • امین درخشان فر، هادی توکلی*، جواد مویدی، علی پوست فروش فرد
    زمینه و هدف

    ویروس آنفلوانزای تحت تیپ H9N2 که در بسیاری از مناطق ایران به صورت اندمیک وجود دارد به عنوان یک کاندید جهت ایجاد پاندمی های آینده مطرح است. در مطالعه حاضر مدت زمان دفع ویروس آنفلوانزای اندمیک ایران (تحت تیپ H9N2) از طریق مدفوع و ترشحات حلقی مرغ نژاد تخم گذار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

    روش بررسی

    این مطالعه تجربی از تیر 1396 تا مهر 1396 در مرکز تحقیقات علوم و فناوری تشخیص آزمایشگاهی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز و بخش علوم درمانگاهی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان انجام شده است. در ابتدا ویروس آنفلوانزا با مشخصات A/Chicken/Iran/SH-110/99 (H9N2) در مایع آلانتوییک تخم مرغ جنین دار کشت داده شد و EID50 ویروس با روش Reed and Muench تعیین گردید. سپس مقدار EID50/ml 106 ویروس از طریق بینی به جوجه های نژادهای لاین تلقیح گردید. نمونه بردای از حلق و مدفوع پرندگان در روزهای 2، 5، 10 و 17 پس از تلقیح انجام شد. وجود ویروس در نمونه های پرندگان چالش شده با استفاده از روش مولکولی واکنش زنجیره ای پلی مراز- رونوشت معکوس (RT-PCR) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.

    یافته ها:

     دفع ویروس آنفلوانزا از ترشحات حلقی و مدفوع پرندگان دو روز پس از آلودگی آغاز شد و به ترتیب تا روزهای 10 و 17 ادامه داشت. بیشترین میزان خطر آفرین بودن ماکیان تجاری مبتلا به آنفلوانزا، روزهای دو تا پنج پس از آلودگی بود.

    نتیجه گیری:

     ردیابی ویروس در نمونه های پرندگان چالش شده با ویروس آنفلوانزای H9N2 نشان داد که ویروس به مدت طولانی تری می تواند از طریق مدفوع پرنده آلوده، در مقایسه با ترشحات حلق، به محیط اطراف منتشر گردد و برای انسان در تماس مشکل آفرین باشد.

    کلید واژگان: ماکیان، تحت تیپ H9N2، آنفلوانزا، واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز
    Amin Derakhshanfar, Hadi Tavakkoli*, Javad Moayedi, Ali Poostforoosh Fard
    Background

    The H9N2 subtype of the influenza virus, which is endemic in many regions of Iran, is considered as a candidate for future pandemics. In the present study, excretion time of the Iranian endemic influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) from the feces and pharyngeal secretions of laying chicken breeds was evaluated.

    Methods

    This experimental study conducted at the Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and the Department of Clinical Science in School of Veterinary Medicine of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, from June 2017 to September 2017. At first, the influenza virus A/Chicken/Iran/SH-110/99 (H9N2) was cultured in the allantoic fluid of the embryonated egg and the EID50 for virus was determined by Reed and Muench method. Afterward, the Hy-Line chicks were inoculated intranasally with 106 EID50/ml of influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) and samples were collected from the oropharynx and feces of the birds on days 2, 5, 10 and 17 after inoculation. The presence of the virus in the samples of challenged birds was assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

    Results

    The influenza virus was shed from the oro-pharyngeal secretion and feces of the birds 2 days post-infection, and continued until days 10 and 17, respectively. In comparison to the oro-pharynx, the virus was recovered in the feces for a longer time. The influenza virus was detected in 100% and 57.1% of oro-pharyngeal and feces samples of the infected birds on day 2, 85.7% and 100% on day 5, 28.6% and 71.4% on day 10, and 0% and 28.6% on day 17 post-inoculation, respectively. The maximum risk of infected chicken for humans is seen from 2 to 5 days post-infection.

    Conclusion

    Detection of virus in the samples of birds that challenged with the H9N2 influenza virus showed that the virus could shed from the feces to the surrounding environment longer than the pharyngeal secretions and could be hazardous to humans in contact.

    Keywords: chickens, H9N2 subtype, influenza, polymerase chain reaction
  • Amin Derakhshanfar, Davood Mehrabani, Javad Moayedi *, Iman Jamhiri
    Background
    Burn is a life-threatening problem which can lead to alteration in the expression of several genes. A folk medicine topical ointment made from Perovskia abrotanoides (P. abrotanoides) was extensively used in northern region of Iran for burn wound healing properties. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the healing potency of P. abrotanoides ointment and the expression patterns of wound healing-related genes in rat experimental model of of burn.
    Methods
    In an experimental study, scald burn was inflicted in 28 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by pouring 2.5 cc of boiling water into a firm rubber ring (2 cm diameter) on the dorsal surface of skin for 10 seconds. Rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated for 7 consecutive days: P. abrotanoides ointmenttreated group; a vehicle-treated group, which received the complete ointment without P. abrotanoides part; silver sulfadiazine-treated group; and the control group which received no treatment. Animals were sacrificed and a full thickness skin biopsy was taken from the burn site. Finally, the relative quantification of gene expression was performed using the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as target genes and β2-microglobulin (β2M) as a reference gene.
    Results
    VEGF was up-regulated during the first week of healing in P. abrotanoides ointment-treated group; however, the local expression of TGF-β was similar between the groups.
    Conclusion
    P. abrotanoides ointment utilized in Iranian folk medicine can accelerate wound healing by producing VEGF.
    Keywords: Perovskia abrotanoides, Burn, Wound, VEGF, TGF-β
  • Hadi Tavakkoli, Amin Derakhshanfar *, Javad Moayedi, Ali Poostforoosh Fard, Somayeh Behrouz, Mohammad Amin Piltan, MohammadNavid Soltani Rad
    Background

    Calotropis procera Aiton (C. procera) is used in folk medicine to cure various diseases. However, the use of herbs in human medicine is sometimes associated with adverse effects. Chick embryo is a preclinical model relevant to assess adverse effects of drugs and herbs. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the alteration of vascular branching patterns in the chick’s extra-embryonic membrane following C. procera treatment. Besides, the alteration in molecular cues involved in early embryonic vasculogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) was also quantified.

    Methods

     In an experimental study, 30 fertile chicken eggs were divided into three equal treatment groups; sham control, and C. procera-treated groups whose cases were treated with C. procera extract at doses of 50 or 100 mg per kg of egg weight.

    Results

    Quantification of extra-embryonic membrane vasculature showed that anti-vasculogenic effect of the herbal extract was revealed by a reduction in vessels area, total vessels length, vascular branch and increased lacunarity. The alterations were made in a dose-dependent manner. The relative expression levels of VEGF-A mRNA was also decreased in the herbal-exposed extra-embryonic membrane.

    Conclusion

    Concerns about the side effect of C. procera during pregnancy were confirmed by data presented in this study. We concluded that altered early vascular development and gene expression might eventually lead to developmental defects in embryo following C. procera consumption.Therefore, the use of this herb must be limited at the time of fetal growth especially at the dosage higher than 50 mg per kg.

    Keywords: Calotropis procera, Embryo, Fetus, Vasculogenesis, VEGF-A
  • جواد مویدی، زهرا موسوی، محمدعلی نظری نیا، بهزاد دهقانی، زهرا حسن شاهی، طیبه هاشم پور*
    زمینه و هدف

    عفونت های ویروسی با مکانیسم های پیچیده در آغاز و پیشرفت بیماری های خود ایمنی از جمله اسکلرودرما دخالت دارند. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی میزان شیوع سرولوژیکی عفونت ویروس های هپاتیت B، هپاتیت C، Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)، اپشتین بار (EBV) و سایتومگالوویروس در بیماران ایرانی مبتلا به اسکلرودرما انجام شد.

    روش بررسی

    در این مطالعه توصیفی که از خرداد 1396 تا اردیبهشت 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات ایدز دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز انجام شد، 65 بیمار مبتلا به اسکلرودرما و 65 فرد سالم وارد مطالعه شدند. سرم افراد با استفاده از کیت Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) از نظر ایمونوگلوبولین G ضد سایتومگالوویروس (CMV-IgG)، ایمونوگلوبولین G ضد آنتی ژن کپسید ویروس اپشتین بار (EBV-VCA-IgG)، آنتی ژن سطحی ویروس هپاتیت B (HBsAg)، آنتی بادی ضد ویروس هپاتیت C (HCVAb) و آنتی بادی ضد ویروس HIV (HIVAb) بررسی شد.

    یافته ها

    وجود CMV-IgG در تمامی بیماران مبتلا به اسکلرودرما و 49 (98%) فرد سالم تشخیص داده شد. افزون بر این، EBV-VCA-IgG در سرم 58 (89/2%) بیمار و 40 (80%) فرد سالم تشخیص داده شد. فراوانی CMV-IgG و EBV-VCA-IgG بین دو گروه از اختلاف معناداری نداشت، اما تیتر CMV-IgG و EBV-VCA-IgG در گروه بیماران مبتلا به اسکلرودرما به طور معناداری بالاتر از گروه کنترل بود. وجود HBsAg و HIVAb در هیچ کدام از بیماران مبتلا به اسکلرودرما تایید نشد، اما HCVAb تنها در یک بیمار تشخیص داده شد. تمامی افراد گروه کنترل از نظر HBsAg، HCVAb و HIVAb منفی بودند.

    نتیجه گیری

     شیوع سرولوژیک عفونت ویروس های هپاتیت B، هپاتیت C، HIV، اپشتین بار و سایتومگالوویروس در بیماران مبتلا به اسکلرودرما و افراد سالم با هم مشابه بود.

    کلید واژگان: سایتومگالوویروس، ویروس اپشتین بار، اسکلرودرما، عفونت های ویروسی
    Javad Moayedi, Zahra Musavi, Tayebeh Hashempour*, Mohammad Ali Nazarinia, Behzad Dehghani, Zahra Hasanshahi
    Background

    Scleroderma is a chronic systemic disorder that affects the connective tissues. It is characterized by several immune manifestations, inflammation, vascular damage, and fibrosis. Some of the viral infections with complex mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of many autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma. The present study aimed to investigate the serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in Iranian patients with scleroderma.

    Methods

    In this descriptive study 65 patients with scleroderma and 65 healthy individuals who had no autoimmune diseases and matched for age and sex, from May 2017 to April 2018 at Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, were included. The serum of study participants were evaluated for cytomegalovirus specific immunoglobulin G (CMV-IgG), Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin G (EBV-VCA-IgG), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb), and human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIVAb) using commercially available the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

    Results

    CMV-IgG was diagnosed in serum of all patients with scleroderma, while 49 (98%) healthy subjects had positive results for this test. In addition, EBV-VCA-IgG was diagnosed in 58 (89.2%) sclerodermic patients and 40 (80%) healthy subjects. The prevalence of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG was not significantly different between patients and healthy subjects and had no significant relationship with age and sex. However, the titer of antibodies against CMV and EBV infections in the scleroderma group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.0001, and P<0.0001), respectively. The presence of HBsAg and HIVAb was not confirmed in any of the patients with scleroderma, but HCVAb was detected only in one patient. All of the individuals in control group were serologically negative for HBsAg, HCVAb, and HIVAb.

    Conclusion

    Serological prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV, and CMV infections in patients with scleroderma is similar to the healthy group.

    Keywords: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, scleroderma, viral infections
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