javad norouzi

Despite the numerous cardiovascular benefits of exercise training, the exercise induced-right ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARVC) hypothesis has raised concerns in recent years about participating in intense and prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the structural, histological and functional remodeling of the right ventricle following intense and prolonged endurance training

Twenty 4-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and training groups. The training protocol began with a progressive 4-week program with a frequency of three sessions per week for preparation, followed by a 12-week program with a frequency of five sessions per week for 60 minutes per week at a speed of 36 meters per minute (approximately 90% of maximum heart rate). The functional and structural parameters of the right ventricle were examined using echocardiography, and collagen in right ventricular tissue was evaluated using the red picrosirius method 24 and 48 hours after the last training session, respectively.

At the end of the 16-week study period, histological investigation revealed widespread interstitial collagen deposition and disruption of myocyte architecture in the exercise group's right ventricular tissue. The exercise group exhibited significantly lower ejection fraction (EF), shortening fraction (FS), systolic (TAPSE), and diastolic (E' wave) function of the right ventricle than the control group, according to echocardiographic findings.

The present study showed that intense and prolonged endurance exercise may cause pathological changes, including fibro-fatty replacement of cardiomyocytes and dysfunction in the right ventricle, and may lead to fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

Excessive production of free radicals and the accumulation of oxidative damages play an important role in accelerating the aging process. However, one of the ways to fight against aging and related diseases is through physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on oxidative stress indicators (8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α: 8-iso PGF2α) and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine: 8-OHdG) in elderly men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly men were selected voluntarily and purposefully as a statistical sample and were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Participants of the experimental group performed resistance exercises three sessions per week for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, serum levels of 8-iso PGF2α and 8-OHdG were measured by ELISA method. Correlated and independent t-tests were used to compare intragroup and intergroup means, respectively.

Serum values of 8-iso PGF2α (P=0.007) and 8-OHdG (P=0.013) decreased significantly after 12 weeks of resistance training. Also, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in serum values of 8-iso PGF2α (P=0.009) and 8-OHdG (P=0.02).

It seems that 12 weeks of resistance training reduces the values of oxidative stress (8-iso PGF2α) and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) indicators in older men. Therefore, regular resistance training can play an important role in preventing injuries caused by oxidative stress, especially in old age.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress markers (TAC and MDA) in the obese men after a resistance exercise session. In this study, 20 obese men were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10). The experimental group received 2 spirulina tablets (500 mg) daily for two weeks, and the control group received the same amount of placebo. After two weeks of the supplementation, the individuals from both groups participated in a resistance exercise session. Blood samples were collected in three steps; before supplementation, before, and 24 hours after resistance exercise. Results showed that the TAC and MDA concentration of the biomarker in the experimental group were respectively increased and decreased significantly in the control group over time (p ≤ 0.05). This study showed that the supplementation with Spirulina could increase the plasma antioxidant capacity which reduced the lipid peroxidation in obese men after the resistance exercise.

Minimum Night Flow (MNF) analysis in District Metered Areas (DMAs) is the most important method for monitoring and estimating the leakage volume in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). An estimation of night leakage in a DMA is calculated by deducting legitimate night consumption from MNF. Therefore, the amount of household night water consumption is a crucial parameter in determining the leakage level in WDNs. The household night water consumption may be different in various countries or even in different utilities within a country. Therefore, a precise estimation of household night water consumption and use appropriate techniques are required to determine the volume of physical losses using MNF analysis. The present paper provides a literature review on analysis methods for estimating household night water consumption in different countries, their estimated values, and the effective parameters on the per capita household night consumption. This review could be used by practitioners and researchers dealing with estimating leakage level in WDNs.

Chronotropic incompetence is defined as a decrease in the heart rate response to exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the chronic effect of smoking on Chronotropic Response to exhausting exercise in Middle-aged Men.

This prospective study was performed on 1045 individual referred to oxygen sports medical center in 2019. In total, 30 smoker and 30 non-smoker cases were selected and evaluated. Required information was extracted from the case file. Independent T-test was used for data analysis.

There was no significant difference in age, physical activity level, maximum heart rate predicted by age, time to exhaustion and Workload tolerance in smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Smokers heart rate at rest, during submaximal intensity and recovery was significantly higher than non-smokers (p < 0.05). Percentage of heart rate change from rest to sub-maximal intensity and maximum heart rate in smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers (p < 0.05).

Cigarette smoking can increase resting heart rate, blunted heart rate response during exercise, and inability to reach the maximum heart rate predicted by age. In addition, cigarette smoking blunted heart rate response during recovery. These findings indicate chronotropic Incompetence in smokers.

There is a close relationship between the pathogenesis of obesity and the metabolic complications associated with secretion of some adipokines. The aim of this study was Evaluation the Effect of Rope Jumping Training on the secretion of Vaspin, Apelin and Omentin-1 adipokines in obese adolescents.

Subjects and Methods:

In this semi-experimental study, 20 fat boys (With a mean age of 16±1.9 years, height 172±9.6 cm, weight 88.6±13.2 kg) were selected from among volunteers and randomly placed in homogeneous groups, training group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The Rope Jumping Training protocol was six weeks /five days/forty minutes per session. Blood samples and body composition measurements were measured before and after the protocol for measuring variables and measured using standard instruments and kits. Independent and dependent t-test was used for statistical analysis and significance level less than 0.05

At first, there was no statistically significant difference in age, weight, and BMI between the two groups. In the training group, serum apelin level (p=0.002) and vaspin (p=0.011) at the end of study compared with the beginning of the study, and the levels of omentin-1 (p=0.001) increased significantly. Also, there was a significant difference in the values of all variables between the two groups.

The results of this study showed that Rope Jumping as a training method can be helpful in reducing vaspine and apelin adipokines and increasing omentin-1 in obese adolescents, and in this regard, improve the metabolic status of these individuals.

Herbal supplements blue-green algae (Spirulina) is one of the richest sources of protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of aerobic training with the supplementation of Spirulina on anthropometric factors and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients.

Thirty two men with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had sedentary lifestyles were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Exercise (AT), Supplement (S), and Exercise with Supplement (AT + S). The Exercise group program included 45 minutes of aerobic exercise, three sessions per week with a maximum heart rate of 60-65%. Groups (S) and (AT + S) took two tablets of 500 mg of Spirulina per day. Blood samples were taken before and after eight weeks after 10-12 hours of fasting overnight to measure the cardiovascular risk factors. Also, bioelectrical impedance method was used to evaluate anthropometric indexes.

After eight weeks of aerobic training and supplementation, TG, LDL, weight, BMI, and body fat percentage decreased significantly in groups (AT, S, AT + S) (P≤ 0.05)while in group (C) these changes were not significant. Also, in groups (AT and AT + S), the level of total cholesterol and WHR decreased whereas HDL showed a significant increase. In groups (S and C) these three indexes did not change significantly (P≤0.05).

Aerobic exercise along with Spirulina supplementation can be an effective factor for preventing and improving the metabolic syndrome indicators in people with diabetes. Through having a desirable effect on anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors

 Regarding the physiological and immunological changes of the human body following the acute exhaustive activity and the evidence in traditional medicine of the effects of barberry on the strengthening of the immune system, and since saffron is a valuable and rich carotenoids spice and has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of uses, the aim of this study was Evaluation of the Effect short-term Barberry Juice Supplementation On the response of immunoglobulin A, G, M and cortisol in active girls following exhaustive exercise activity. In this clinical trial study, 20 healthy young girls (23.92 ± 1.28 years, weight 55.69 ± 5.71 kg) were randomly divided into two experimental group (Consumption of 250 ml Barberry Juice and exhausting activity) and control group (Consumption of 250 ml placebo and exhausting activity). After the two-week supplementation, both groups performed exercise activity until they were of exhaustion on the treadmill. In this research, the nutritional value of Barberry Juice was extracted and the subjects' nutrition was analyzed. Blood samples were measured to measure the humoral immune variables in similar conditions in three stages of pre-test, after two weeks of supplementation and after the exhaustive test and using Independent T-test, ANOVA with repeated measure and Bonferron's post hoc test were analyzed at p≤0.05. The results showed that in the experimental group, the levels of immunoglobulin A (p=0.026), G (p=0.013) and M (p=0.017) after acute exhaustive activity were significantly higher than the control group, whereas in the experimental group cortisol values (p = 0.018) were significantly lower than the control group. It seems that, Consumption of Barberry Juice for two weeks with increased immune function, Reduces the effects of acute exhausting activity on the immune system in active girls.