فهرست مطالب kobra maghsoudi

World-over, under biotic stress conditions, plant growth regulators are used to increase the growth and production of crops. To evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA; 0 and 1 mM) and Brassinosteroids (BRs; 0, 0.75 and 1 μM) foliar application on seed and oil yield and physiological and biochemical responses of safflower under water deficit (100 and 50% F.C., I100, and I50), an experiment was carried out in a factorial on a randomized complete block design with four replicates in the research greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman during 2023. Grain yield per plant and its components, as well as seed oil content and oil yield of safflower, were reduced under I50 treatment. Moreover, I50 stress, increased the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as osmolyte accumulation (soluble sugars and proline) and anti-oxidant enzymes activity of safflower leaves. In addition, SA and BRs application significantly increased the anti-oxidant enzyme activity and the osmolyte contents and, in contrast, decreased the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 as well as EL, however, the positive effect of SA on these parameters was highest when applied simultaneously with BRs. Also, SA, and BRs applied increased the seed oil content and oil yield of safflower, but the effect of BRs and SA together was greater than that of SA or BRs applied separately. Overall, water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in safflower by BRs and SA application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment (accumulation of osmolytes), cell membrane stability and antioxidant activity under stress conditions. Foliar applications of SA and BRs had great potential in improving growth and seed and oil yield of safflower under water stress conditions.

Enriching potatoes with selenium is important considering the role that this plant has in the agricultural economy, feeding people and then improving the health of society. A greenhouse investigation was performed to examine the influence of selenium applied on the quality and quantity of potatoes at the Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 2021 using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments included control, foliar application of 15 gr/ha sodium selenite, foliar application of 30 gr/ha sodium selenite, soil applied of 3 kg/ha sodium selenite, foliar application of 15 gr/ha sodium selenite + soil applied of 3 kg/ha sodium selenite, as well as foliar application of 30 gr/ha sodium selenite + soil applied of 3 kg/ha sodium selenite. The results showed that foliar application of different concentrations and soil application of 3 kg/ha sodium selenite enhanced the selenium concentrations of potatoes; however, the most positive effects of sodium selenite were when selenium foliar application was applied with its soil application. It was found that the isoleysine amino acid content was not affected by sodium selenite applied; in contrast, foliar application and soil application of sodium selenite increased the concentration of glycine amino acid. The amount of soluble sugar and starch in potato tubers compared to the control increased under treatment with sodium selenite; however, the positive effects of foliar application of sodium selenite were high when applied to the soil. Sodium selenite reduced the nitrate content in potato tubers compared to the non-use of sodium selenite; in contrast, sodium selenite applied increased the nitrate-reductase enzyme activity, and the positive effects of foliar application of sodium selenite were high when applied with its soil applied. As well as the application of sodium selenite, which enhanced the potato tuber yield, the number of tubers improved compared to the non-use of this treatment. In conclusion, the soil application and foliar application of sodium selenite have a positive effect on the quantity and quality of potatoes as well as enrichment of selenium in potatoes; however, the positive effects of foliar application of sodium selenite were high when applied with its soil applied.

To evaluate the effect of sowing density (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 plants/m2) on the growth of wheat under deficit irrigation (100, 75 and 50% crop water requirement, I100, I75 and I50, respectively), an experiment was carried out during 2009 and 2010. In both years, deficit irrigation resulted in a considerable reduction in yield, yield components, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf water potential (Ψw). In contrast, the canopy temperature (CT) significantly increased under deficit irrigation. Furthermore, increasing of sowing density from 300 to 600 plants/m2 resulted in a significant increase in grain yield under I100 and I75. Maximum grain yield as 525.9 and 564.2 g/m2 was obtained in the first and the second years, respectively in sowing density of 600 plants/m2 and I100. This sowing density was also the proper density in I75 and I50 irrigation regimes. Increasing of sowing density reduced 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike and increased spike number per square meter. In the first year, increasing of sowing density from 300 to 600 plants/m2 caused a significant increase in LAI in all irrigation regimes, while in the second year, maximum LAI was observed in 700 plants/m2 sowing density. It was found that increasing of sowing density significantly reduced the Ψw and the CT in both well-watered and deficit irrigation. In conclusion, the results suggest that 600 plants/m2 would be the optimal sowing density under different water conditions. Alleviation of water stress by the increasing sowing density was found to be associated partly with enhanced LAI and reduced CT.

A greenhouse investigation was performed to examine the influence of salicylic acid and brassinolide on growth and cadmium accumulation of spinach under cadmium stress conditions at Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 2020 using a factorial as randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments were including salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 0.75 mM), and brassinolide (0, 0.5 and 0.75 μM) and cadmium (0, 300 and 600 μM). The results showed that cadmium stress enhanced the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as reduced the spinach biomass. Under Cd stress conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the concentrations of proline and carbohydrates increased. Also, application of SA and Br considerably reduced the MDA and H2O2 content and EL, in contrast, elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes content in Cd-stressed spinach plants, however; the positive effects of SA were high when applied with Br. It was found that the cadmium content in the root was greater than that of spinach leaves. Under 600 μM cadmium stress conditions, application of 0.5 mM salicylic acid, 0.75 mM salicylic acid, 0.50 μM brassinosteroid, 0.75 μM brassinosteroid, 0.5 mM salicylic acid+ 0.5 μl brassinosteroid, 0.5 μM salicylic acid /0 0 mM+ 0.75 μM brasinosteroid, 0.75 μM salicylic acid+ 0.50 μM brasinosteroid and 0.75 μM salicylic acid reduced the cadmium content 12.68, 13.68, 13.93, 22.13, 25.37, 30.09, 30.34 and 45.02% respectively in leaf, as well as 6.53, 10.13, 11.76, 18.30, 26.30, 32.67, 33.34 and 42.81% respectively in root compared to the non-use of these hormones. In conclusion, alleviation of Cd stress by seed priming and foliar application of Br and SA was associated partially with enhanced the activity of the antioxidant system, increase the accumulation of proline and carbohydrates, as well as improve cell membrane stability. Generally, supplementation with Br and SA had a significant effect on reducing the accumulation of cadmium and improving quality and quantity of spinach under Cd-stress.

Increasing the world population and subsequently increasing demand for food has led to the use of new biotechnology methods to produce food. Transgenic plants are one of the major biotechnological achievements in agriculture that have gained part of the world food market in recent years and the cultivation area of these plants is constantly increasing. Human needs to increase agricultural production and food security, the use of biotechnology has made it inevitable and on the other hand, the potential dangers of producing these products have raised concerns for human health and consumer rights. One of the concerns expressed by people is transferring unknown genes to plants from other countries and importing these products into the country without using GMO label, that these products may have an impact on human health and other living organisms. Therefore, first step is identifying and labeling transgenic products. In this study, 30 samples of domestic and foreign rice were randomly purchased from Shiraz market. DNA was extracted using the standard CTAB method and the polymerase chain reaction for SPS gene was performed to prove the presence of rice genome. The PCR for EPSPS gene, 35S promoter and NOS terminator were performed to identify transgenic rice. The results of PCR using specific primers showed that none of the rice samples purchased from Shiraz market were transgenic.

Regards to the occurrence heat strain when using acid-resistant protective work clothing clothing in the workplace, this study aimed to determine performance of two types of cooling vests on heat strain indices in hot conditions when wearing acid-resistant protective clothing.

This experimental study was conducted on ten healthy male students in hot conditions (Ta = 40°C, RH= 25%) when they were wearied acid-resistant protective clothing. Each participant was contributed in three trials including without cooling vest (A) with ice gel cooling vest, (B) and phase change material paraffin (C). In each trials, participant was walked on tread mill for 90 min. The heart rate, oral temperature, skin temperatureswere measured in regular time. Findings: Data analysis in the A, B and C trials showed that the mean of heart rate, were 104. 0, 97. 2 and 97. 7 beat/min respectively, skin temperature were 37. 1 °C, 31. 1 °C and 33. 2 °C, respectively and oral temperature 36. 3 °C, 33. 0 °C and 34. 0 °C respectively. There were significant difference physiological اheat strain indices in B and C trials compared to A trial.

When using the acid-resistant work clothing, wearing the ice gel cooling vest (Spadana Model) and phase change material paraffin (Techkewl-7026 Model) can be used to reduce physiological heat strain indices.

Heat stress risk assessment, as a harmful agent at workplace, is essential for controlling heat strain. The purpose of this study was relation between physiological and perceptual heat strain responses in Iranian veiled women under laboratory thermal conditions.This experimental study was carried out on 36 healthy females (age 22.3 ± 2.0 yr., height 162.76±5. 57cm, weight 55.82 ± 9.27kg) in sitting state under thermal conditions (27 - 38° C) in the hot-dry climatic condition for 120 min. In order to calculate the physiological strain index (PSI), oral temperature and heart rate were measured every 5 min. Physiological factors, and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI) questionnaires are simultaneous measurements taken at any 5 min during the exposure and physiological factors, and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI) questionnaires are the initial measurements. The data were analyzed using correlation and line regression by test spss16.The results showed that the average heart rate and oral temperature at resting and sitting were between 83.06 ±9.41bpm, 87.91 ±7.87 bpm and 36.7° C, 37. 1°C respectively. Also, the results have revealed a direct and significant and direct correlation among HSSI with WBGT (R2 = 0.97, P≤ 0.001), PSI (R2 = 0.96, P≤ 0.001), oral temperature (R2 = 0.96, P≤ 0.001) and heart rate (R2 = 0.62, P≤ 0.01) indices. The results have shown that simultaneously with the increase in valid indices of heat stress evaluation such as WBGT and PSI indices, the amount of HSSI index has also increased with high power. Therefore, it can be conclude that when there is no access to a reliable heat stress method such as WBGT or PSI indices, HSSI index, an objective and subjective heat strain method, can be used as a simple, fast and inexpensive method for evaluating the heat strain in women.

In order to evaluate morphological and physiological responses of sorghum (Pegah cultivar) to salt stress (0، 5، 10 and 15 dS/m) and different salicylic acid (SA) levels (0، 0. 75 and 1. 5 mM)، an experiment was carried out in research green house of college of Agriculture Shiraz University during 2012 using a factorial as randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that salinity reduced stem length and leaf area of sorghum and the effect of salinity level at 15 dS/m was more pronounced. On the contrary، foliar application by SA increased these parameters. Moreover، salt stress and foliar SA increased the activity of catalase، superoxide dismutase، peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase and chlorophyll content. In summary، it can be concluded that foliar application of sorghum by SA improved growth and enhanced salt tolerance in this plant. Indeed، SA stimulated sorghum growth under salinity stress via enhanced anti-oxidant defense system، reduced oxidative stress and increased photo synthetic pigments.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between environmental and physiological heat stress indices based on heart rate (HR), oral temperature for the estimation of heat strain, in veiled women in hot-dry condition in the climate chamber. 

 The experimental study was carried out on 36 healthy Muslim women in hot-dry climatic conditions (wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) = 22-32°C) in low workload for 2 h. The HR, oral temperature and WBGT index were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests. 

 The results of the Pearson test indicated that physiological strain index was a high correlation (r = 0.975) with WBGT index (P < 0.05). Also, there was a good correlation among WBGT and HR (r = 0.779) and oral temperature (r = 0.981). 

 The findings of this study illustrated that there is a good correlation between environmental and physiological heat stress indices in veiled women with Islamic clothing at the low workload over the action limit (WBGT = 31°C). So that it can be concluded that the WBGT 22-32°C is a good indicator of the heat strain in veiled women with Islamic clothing.

In order to evaluate some biochemical responses of bread wheat (Shiraz cultivar) and durum wheat (Yavarous cultivar) to late season water stress and different auxin and cytokinin levels, a field experiment was carried out in research farm of the collage of Agriculture, Shiraz University during 2010-2011 growing season using a split split factorial as randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation regime (normal and cutting off water at anthesis), wheat cultivars (Shiraz and Yavarous) and factorial combination of auxin (0, 20 and 40 mg/L) and cytokinin (0, 50 and 70 Mm) levels were considered as main, sub and sub sub plats, respectively. The results showed that flag leaf proline and catalase content were increased linearly upon cutting off irrigation at anthesis; while, proline and catalase content did not show any significant changes after anthesis under normal irrigation conditions. Moreover, proline content in Yavarous cultivar was found to be significantly greater than Shiraz cultivar. Among cytokinin concentrations, the highest catalase activity was obtained from control treatment. As cytokinin concentrations were increased, catalase activity was decreased under well watered conditions. Peroxidase activity was increased under irrigation cut off conditions, and was enhanced with time lapse from anthesis. Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid and total of foliage leaf were greater under cut off irrigation conditions. Deep understanding of biochemical responses of wheat cultivars to late season drought stress and its interaction with plant growth regulator needs further complimentary research.