mohammad mohebbi

Successful business is affected by the economic conditions of the environment. In a recession, companies and investors show less willingness to invest. Business development has an important place in economic growth at the national, regional and international levels. At the same time, various macroeconomic factors affect business development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between economic growth and business environment indicators in D8 countries. The business indicators in this research are: ease of starting a business, ease of obtaining a license, ease of receiving electricity, registering the company's property, obtaining credits, supporting capital, paying taxes, cross-border trade, executing contracts, liquidating the company. The present research is based on the applied goal and in terms of the nature and descriptive method used, it is correlation. The statistical population under investigation includes D8 countries (Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Nigeria) which was selected as a sample for the years 2005-2020. To analyze data, tests (unit root, Hausman, generalized torque model, Sargan, Bond) were used in STATA software environment. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and business environment. Also, among the indicators of the business environment, the index of support for investors and the index of obtaining credit and execution of contracts had the greatest effect on economic growth.

Higher education is the fundamental cornerstone for the development of society. The objective of this research was to conduct an initial assessment and ranking of quality indicators for medical education inside Iran's higher education system.

The ARDL method was used. The expected relationship between the research variables was investigated, and then, the long-term and short-term coefficients were estimated in the second stage. To test the existence of long-term relationship, Banerjee, Dolado and Master's method was used. This test was performed based on the t-statistics. Long-term coefficients were extracted from ARDL model and dynamic error correction model. The investigation of the measures of educational quality in Iran's higher education system relied on the Gulpak article model and data obtained from the Statistics Center and the Central Bank of Iran.

Family cultural characteristics, parental education, parental economic status, location of residence, gender, and marital status were all independent variables that influenced the need for higher education. Additionally, there is a notable correlation between the number of children and the educational attainment of those children. Family background variables and cultural factors exhibit strong interdependence and directly influence an individual's perception of ongoing schooling. The variables of economic growth, consumer price index, and government spending in the education sector have a positive and statistically significant impact on the demand for higher education in Iran.

By identifying the primary markers of educational quality, one may pinpoint the barriers to academic advancement and therefore enhance the overall quality of education.

One of the most effective indicators of human capital and social determinants of health is the number of university graduates. Investigating the variables influencing Iran's desire for higher education was the goal of this study.

In this cross sectional study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was used. The questionnaire used in this study included a researcher-made questionnaire to collect information on the target variables of the study. The first stage was using the Banerjee, Dolado, and Mastre approaches to find out if the model had a long-term connection before doing the long-term co-integration test. The t-statistics connected to coefficients inside an interval of the dependent variable served as the basis for this test's execution. The dynamic error correction model (ECM) and the ARDL model's long-term coefficients were retrieved. The Gulpak article model and information from the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Statistics Center, and other sources were utilized to investigate the variables impacting the demand for higher education in Iran.

Factors affecting the demand for higher education include the average free and night tuition, economic growth, employment rate, consumer and producer price indices, government spending on education and the ratio of urban population to the total population. The factors that influence the demand for higher education are government spending in the education sector, consumer price indices, and economic growth indicators.

Given the role that human resources play in the creation of human societies, particularly in the health sector, raising the proportion of government spending on education can spur demand for postsecondary education and advance national development.

Toxoplasmosis is a common disease in humans and other animals. Among animals, sheep and goats are more infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Humans can be infected with in various ways; Toxoplasmosis is usually transmitted to humans through consumption of raw or undercooked meat infected with Toxoplasma cysts, unpasteurized milk, contact with infected cats, or water and food contaminated with cat oocysts. If a person is exposed to toxoplasmosis in the first pregnancy, there is a possibility that the fetus will also be infected. Considering the great importance of Toxoplasma gondii as a possible agent transmitted through milk, the aim of this study is molecular investigation of toxoplasmosis in sheep milk samples collected from Sistan region. In this research, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA by examining the B1 gene in sheep milk. In the present study, 90 raw sheep milk from different regions were evaluated in the laboratory.In this way, the DNA extracted from the samples and the parasite was tracked using the polymerase chain reaction. The results of this study showed that 2 samples (2.2%) were infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in sheep's milk increases the possibility of transmission of this parasite through consumption of raw milk. Therefore, proper pre-consumption of milk is recommended to reduce the possibility of toxoplasma gondii.

The increase in population growth, industries and living standards have caused an increasing need for drinking water in many countries. The reuse of treated water and wastewater is one of the most important options to deal with water shortage. To ensure the correctness of this work, it is necessary that the health risk assessment be reassessed during use so that consumers do not face serious problems. In this regard, the assessment of health risks assessment for the water recovered from the backwashing wastewater of the Saveh water treatment plant was investigated.

To reuse the backwash wastewater from the Saveh water treatment plant, the processes of primary sedimentation and coagulation (in the form of a test jar) were investigated. Metals and heavy metals like iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were examined to evaluate health risks. The initial settling time was 1 hour, the coagulant used was FeCl3 made in Iran, and heavy metal contents were also measured with an Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device.

The value of HRIs for Al, Fe, As, Pb and Cd in the treated spent filter backwash water (SFBW) with primary sedimentation and coagulation was less than “1” and indicates the absence of risk.

The treated backwash wastewater treated with primary sedimentation and coagulation processes as well as raw water of the Saveh have no harmful effects in terms of heavy metals, and its reuse will not pose a risk to the health of the consumer.

Today, one of the most important economic goals of the countries of the world is to create the necessary grounds for economic growth and development, and the business environment is one of the main strategies to achieve this. The business environment is a political, institutional and behavioral environment that affects the efficiency and risks associated with economic activities and investments. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study of Factors Affecting the Economic Growth of Group D8.In the current study, the causative link among gross domestic product (GDP) annual growth rate (GDPr), corruption perceptions index (CPI), foreign direct investments (FDI) and ease of doing business index (DB) was empirically tested from 2005 to 2020 by using a panel data of D-8 Group comprise of 8 country include Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The PMG panel ARDL, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence, used to investigate the long and short-term dynamic relationships. Findings from the Pesaran-Yamagata homogeneity test, Pesaran CD test, CIPS and ADF Fisher Chi-square (ADF Fisher) panel unit root tests and Kao panel cointegration test, indicated the panel time series data has heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, analyzed variables are stationary and cointegrated respectively. According to the panel ARDL estimation, the error-correction model coefficient (ECM) negative and statistically significant for all examined countries. The value coefficient of error term, indicate that the most of deviation of long-term equilibrium, corrected in the first year. The panel causality analysis results confirm,

Education through peer-teachers is one of the teaching-learning methods that is being increasingly used in various studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of peer-teachers in teaching physiology on learning and satisfaction of medical students.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on medical students of the basic sciences in Mashhad Medical School in 2021-2022. Students were divided into two groups: conventional and Peer teaching methods. The average score of the quizzes at the beginning and end of each session, final exam score, and rate of information retention were compared between the two groups. A survey was also conducted among students to assess their satisfaction.

The mean scores of the quizzes in the peer-teaching group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the final exam score. In the PT group, the greatest improvement in grades was in students with GPA above 17 compared to students with GPA between 14 and 17 and GPA less than 14, but in the control group, there was no significant difference between students with different GPAs. Examining the rate of data retention showed that the students in the peer-teaching group had a higher score than the control group. 83% of students were highly satisfied with this teaching method.

The use of peer-teaching method improved motivation among medical students and increase their learning process, in addition to creating satisfaction among them.

Poisoning with super-warfarin, zinc phosphide (ZnP) and aluminum phosphide (ALP) are among the most common poisonings with rodenticides. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of macroscopic and microscopic findings obtained from autopsy in the deceased due to poisoning with these rodenticide poisons.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Isfahan Forensic Medical Center and referral poisoning emergency center in Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The autopsy and pathological findings in the deceased cases due to phosphides and super warfarin poisoning from 21 March 2018 to 20 Feb 2021 were evaluated.

During the study period, 165 patients were hospitalized due to super warfarin and ZnP; and 105 patients with ALP poisoning. Death ‎due to super warfarin was not reported. One patient died due to ZnP poisoning who did not undergo autopsy. 37(35.2%) people died from ALP of which 33 cases underwent postmortem examination. 24 (72.7%) of the deceased were men. And the average age was 29.39 years. In the autopsy findings, pulmonary edema (69.6%) and pleural effusion (21.2%) were the most common findings in ALP poisoning. The pathological findings were liver degeneration, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage. There was a significant relationship between serum bicarbonate on admission and liver autopsy finding. Also time from ingestion to hospital admission was correlated with liver pathology finding.

Considering the prevalence of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion in deceased patients with ALP, guiding fluid therapy by controlling central venous pressure should be considered.

Profit is one of the most important factors influencing economic decision making, the changes of which depend on various factors. Banks, as one of the most important business units, have a special reliance on the concept of profitability and their performance is significantly influenced by macroeconomic conditions. Government economic policies are placed. This paper aims at applying the panel regression model to study the effect of monetary policy on the profitability of banks from 2006 to 2018 using data from 30 provinces to find appropriate policy recommendations for decision-making in the banking system. The research method was the use of GMM regression technique in the context of combined data. According to the results, the performance and profitability of banks are improved by the implementation of expansionary monetary policy. However, bank lending and price inflation have a negative effect on banks' performance. According to the results of this study, control variables such as the amount of overdue claims and GDP also had a positive effect on the performance of banks. Also at the macro level, with regard to the negative effects of Expansion monetary policy and the growth of liquidity, with the controlled implementation of Expansion monetary policy, it helps to improve the performance of banks in the banking system.

In the current study, the causative link among gross domestic product (GDP) annual growth rate (GDPr), corruption perceptions index (CPI), foreign direct investments (FDI) and ease of doing business index (DB) was empirically tested from 2005 to 2020 by using a panel data of D-8 Group comprise of 8 country include Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The PMG panel ARDL, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence, used to investigate the long and short-term dynamic relationships. Findings from the Pesaran-Yamagata homogeneity test, Pesaran CD test, CIPS and ADF Fisher Chi-square (ADF Fisher) panel unit root tests and Kao panel cointegration test, indicated the panel time series data has heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, analyzed variables are stationary and cointegrated respectively. According to the panel ARDL estimation, the error-correction model coefficient (ECM) negative and statistically significant for all examined countries. The value coefficient of error term, indicate that the most of deviation of long-term equilibrium, corrected in the first year. The panel causality analysis results confirm, the bidirectional causality between GDPr and FDI; GDPr and DB; CPI and DB. In addition, the unilateral causality relationship found between CPI and GDPr, DB and FDI.

The Hara forest, also known as the mangrove protected area, with an area of 200 square kilometers, is located in the Khoran Strait, between Qeshm Island and Khamir Port in Hormozgan Province. These forests provide countless services to the community in terms of ecology, economy and tourism, and are very important from this perspective. The purpose of this article is to help policy makers and planners to manage the forest efficiently and sustainably. For this purpose, using selection modeling analysis, the value of qualitative benefits provided by this forest to the community was estimated. For this purpose, the logit model with simple random parameters and then the logit model with combined random parameters (with action sentences) were used to estimate the heterogeneity in community preferences for different forest characteristics. The results of this study show that people's preferences are significantly heterogeneous. Also, in this study, the tendency of final payment for non-market characteristics of mangrove forest including natural landscape, ecological yield and biodiversity was estimated. Finally, the numbers obtained for the willingness to make the final payment were generalized to the whole community, resulting in the annual value of the qualitative benefits along with their total value. These numbers for the annual and total value (capital) are equal to 321109 and 1.536.084 billion rials, respectively. The calculated existential value shows that the community is willing to pay to protect this forest and there is a potential to use the results of the present study as a baseline study to improve the level of public awareness and witness a very high level of public participation in conservation projects. It was from this forest. The obtained numbers can also be used for economic-environmental evaluation of projects in and around this forest

Clupeidae particularly Engraulidae is one of the most valuable supplies in the Persian Gulf, which plays an important role in the ecological and nutritional chain. The present study was done during from October 2015 to September 2016 with the aim of determining the amount of reserves of anchovies and adjusting its sustainable harvest pattern in Qeshm Island. Sampling was carried out in the southern shores of Qeshm Island in the fishing ports of Raش0165 Qeshm Island from October machah, Suza, Mesen and Salakh. In this research, 2553 fish samples were weighted. The caught fish were in the fork length range of 4.22-8.79 cm, with a mean fork length of 6.42 cm and an average weight of 2.2 g. The maximum weight of the fish caught was 6.36 g and the lowest total weight was 0.56 g. In the study of the frequency of fish in the 5 cm classes, the highest frequency was found in the range of 5.7-6 cm with 36.5%. The fish were in the range of 0 to 3 years old with an average age of 1.76 years. In terms of age composition, most of the fish were two years old with 68.78%. The maximum fork  length was 11.3 cm and the value of K was determined by using the Shepherd method of 0.52 × time -1 and the value of t0 was -0.88 years. Also, their natural (M), fishing (F) and total (Z) mortality rates were 1.2, 0.94 and 2.14 respectively, and the exploitation was equal to 0.44. Based on the Thompson-Bell equation, the maximum fishing mortality (Fmax) was 1.9, the maximum sustainable yield was about 38,000 kg and the total biomass was 89400 kg, while the amount of fishing carried out during the fishing period is equivalent to 35.400 kg, indicating an increase of 10% in catches. However, at present, the supply of anchovies is relatively good. Due to the importance and special position of anchovies in the Persian Gulf ecological chain, especially Qeshm Island, it is recommended that catching should not exceed more than 40,000 kg.

Organizing the living environment is made possible by a clear definition of the private and public spheres and the creation of a spatial order, and the defined spheres of life increase the sense of belonging to the environment and give identity to the residential environment. Some factors influencing the understanding of the concept of territory; Social, perceptual, psychological, physical and functional factors are included. It can be argued that territory plays a key role in the quality of human life and allows it to organize the space around it and give it an individual or collective identity, and even as a result it can achieve security and a sense of belonging; Therefore, the concept of territory as one of the factors affecting the quality of human communication with the environment has been considered. In this article, the researcher considers the concept of territory as one of the factors affecting the quality of human communication with the residential environment. For this purpose, the factors affecting the concept of territory in the biological collection of previous researches have been studied and by selecting three villages in the central plains of Gilan, their habitat patterns and type of enclosure have been selected and tested to test the results. First, a comprehensive study of the realms of space among living things was done, then in the next step, with the content analysis method, the type of current actions in space and the type of signaling signs selected to determine the boundaries of the territory and at the same time be precise in their cultural and climatic causes. Qualitatively and collectively, based on interviews and field observations, we obtain the necessary information. The results of the survey in this study show that if the needs are met, the rigidity and higher height of the fences will have a great impact on increasing the quality of life of residents. At the same time, expanding in height and reducing visual visibility between the arena and the space around residential areas while reducing local identity reduces the power of secondary realms. Studies also show that the scope of design areas does not correspond to the mental domain of residents and in addition, in terms of residents, the role of perceptual-psychological, social, geographical-cultural factors is more effective than other physical factors, including physical factor, in satisfying different domains.