mohammadali khanmohammadi

Urban agriculture, as a new concept, has been in the service of urban residents for a long time with various functions, including food production and supply, as well as providing recreational opportunities. Today, given the instabilities formed in the social, economic, and environmental dimensions in the world due to the dominance of the modern urban lifestyle, attention to this as an appropriate response to achieve sustainability has gained much popularity among different communities. This article aims to explain the concept of urban agriculture and investigate its role in shaping the environmental landscape of Urmia City through a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies, content analysis, and field surveys. The results of this study indicate that, according to existing concepts, the fundamental distinction of this type of agriculture from rural or traditional farming lies in its integration into the urban economic, social, and environmental systems. Based on field studies, the diversity, variety, and position of this type of agriculture are visibly evident in the urban landscape of Urmia and were categorized into micro-scale "agriculture in open spaces of vernacular homes" and macro-scale "urban mulberry gardens." The findings of this study provide a suitable foundation for future efforts to focus on urban agriculture as a replicable model at both micro and macro scales in architecture and urban planning, as urban agriculture is one of the topics that has received less attention in specialized forums, especially in the field of architecture and urban planning in Iran.

Urban agriculture has historically served the residents of cities by producing and supplying food. Today, due to instabilities in social, economic, and environmental dimensions in the field of urban construction—particularly in residential areas caused by the dominance of modern lifestyle patterns, population growth in cities, and the increase of indiscriminate constructions with high density—there is a growing interest in urban agriculture as a suitable response to achieve sustainability. This trend has gained significant popularity among various communities. The purpose of this research is to identify the influential indicators of urban agriculture in residential environments. In this research, first, influential indicators of urban agriculture on residential environments were extracted using documentary and content analysis methods. Subsequently, to validate these indicators, the Delphi method was employed in three rounds with the participation of 20 experts and academic specialists in architecture and landscape architecture. Ultimately, 80 indicators were identified, and their importance in residential environments was determined based on the Likert ranking scale and statistical analyses. According to the research findings, the influential indicators of urban agriculture were classified into four dimensions: economic, social, environmental, and spatial-physical desirability. The results indicated that, from the specialists' perspective, the beneficial effects and influential indicators included "increased per capita urban green space," "increased carbon dioxide absorption," "reduced temperature," " increased freshness and pleasant aromas," "increased resident participation in greening their living environment," and "increased biodiversity through planting various plants and raising different animals" in environmental dimensions; "increased leisure time," "stress reduction," and "development of social relationships and interactions" in social dimensions; "investment in underutilized resources such as rooftops, terraces, balconies, etc.," "increased savings," and "increased property values" in economic dimensions; and finally, "increased the vitality of residential spaces," "improved quality and spatial capabilities for growth," and "Beautification of landscapes" in physical-spatial desirability dimensions were prioritized respectively.

The Shamsiya Complex in Chaharmanar district of Yazd is a unique historical site with both physical remains and textual evidence from its era. Despite valuable research on the Muzaffarid period architecture of Yazd, particularly the Shamsiya school, there is still no clear consensus regarding the complex’s functional units and their interrelationships. The Waqfnama (endowment letter) of Jame’ al-Khairat, commissioned by the benefactors of this complex, provides valuable insights into Shamsiya, including its functional components. The authors believe that a re-examination of the Jame’ al-Khairat script can help resolve ambiguities surrounding the complex.This research aims to answer the following questions: (1) What were the primary and secondary functional units of this complex? (2) What can be inferred about the physical and functional relationships between these components based on the document?

Methodes:

The first step in identifying the functional units of the Shamsiya Complex involves compiling a list of functions from the Jame’ al-Khairat document. The second step entails a detailed analysis of the historical text to understand the examples and references to these functions. Four main purposes guide this analysis: (1) Recognizing correct textual references to Shamsiya; (2) Understanding physical and spatial separations; (3) Understanding functional and situational co-appearance; (4) Interpreting the reason for co-appearances. To achieve these four purposes, inferences are made from the text and then verified by cross-referencing with other sources. Single references, even if scattered, can provide valuable information about specific structures and their physical conditions, aiding in confirming or rejecting hypotheses.

At first, according to physical evidence (such as the presence of the marble sanctuary stone in Shamsiya) and verbal evidence (including the presence of “Sar-e Kooche Bahrok” in Chaharmanar district), it was confirmed that the remains of the building called “Seyyed Shamsuddin mausoleum” in Chaharmanar are indeed the Shamsiya complex mentioned in the Jame’ al-Khairat Waqfname.The entirety of the Shamsiya complex is referred to in the Jame’ al-Khairat by two names: “Abwab al-Khair” and “Beqa’e Khams” (Afshar I., 1975, 396-470). This complex comprises five main components: Madrasa, Beyt al-Adwiya, Dar al-Kotob, Dar al-Siyada, and Khanqah (Afshar I., 1975, 396). The “Beqa’e Khams” (five spots) mentioned in the text refers to these five main units. However, two of these five (Beyt al-Adwiya and Dar al-Kotob) are subsumed under the Madrasa (Afshar I., 1975, 396). For this reason, many parts of the Jame’ al-Khairat text mention only three of its units (Madrasa, Khanqah, and Dar al-Siyada) to refer to the entire complex.In cases where the components of this complex are mentioned separately, the co-occurrence of the Madrasa and Khanqah is consistently observed, while the Dar al-Siyada is often mentioned separately (Afshar I., 1975, 517-551). Additionally, the endowments for the Dar al-Siyada are cited separately from those of the other two main components in the Jame’ al-Khairat (Afshar I., 1975, 476).In technical terms, the costs of lighting the Khanqah and the Madrasa at night are stated together in the same account (Afshar I., 1975, 475), while the cost of lighting the Dar al-Siyada is stated separately (Afshar I., 1975, 479). Furthermore, while the doorman of the Madrasa and Dar al-Siyada is explicitly mentioned in the Waqfname (Afshar I., 1975, 474), no doorman is mentioned for the Khanqah. This suggests a high probability that the entrance door of the Khanqah shared the entrance door of one of the other two functional units.There is a discrepancy between the texts of “Tarikh-e Yazd” (History of Yazd) (Ja’fari J., 2007, 110-111) and “Tarikh-e Jadid-e Yazd” (The New History of Yazd) (Kateb A., 2007, 118) and the Jame’ al-Khairat regarding the number of Madrasas mentioned for Shamsiya. This discrepancy could be attributed to a possible change in the function of one of the buildings, such as the Dar al-Siyada, to a Madrasa in later eras.

In most cases where the phrase “Madrasa and Khanqah” on “Sar-e Kooche Bahrok” appears in the text, it should not be interpreted as encompassing the entire complex. Rather, this phrase typically refers only to the Madrasa and Khanqah, and their respective subsets, excluding other units such as the Dar al-Siyada. The function of the Dar al-Siyada has been clearly distinguished from the other main functions, both in terms of endowment and physical entity.The functions of the Khanqah and the school were likely intertwined physically, possibly sharing a single building. Alternatively, they may have been two separate but connected buildings, with the entrance to the Khanqah situated within the Madrasa. This would explain the absence of a designated doorman for the Khanqah. Furthermore, the presence of four narrow spaces around the dome space of the mausoleum supports the hypothesis of a unified Khanqah and Madrasa.

Architectural strategies toward rural business spaces and its relationship have great importance in rural development. The study aims to examine the impact of rural architecture on rural business (architectural strategies for the development of rural business spaces).

This research is a qualitative study; synthesis type. We analyzed scientific articles that published in the period from 2000 to 2021. The sample size were 37 articles and a six-step model of Roberts and peticro synthesis (2006) was used to analyze the data, and finally a conceptual framework was developed.

Architectural strategies toward rural business spaces classified into 3 main components of architecture (livelihood housing) - non-residential (rural and agricultural) - hybrid (increased activity, inconsistency).  The architectural component (livelihood housing) includes: reducing the cost of construction and production of buildings - increasing the role of women and rural employment ( livelihood housing, second home) - avoiding some features of urban housing while improving the field of living and non-residential landscape (village and agriculture) includes prioritizing the preservation of agricultural land over the construction of Villa towns, increasing agricultural production, livestock & even services, and the combined component  includes combining and increasing activities, Indigenous, new and mixed practices in design, construction and production and separation and it's the adaptation of agricultural and livestock spaces to domestic biological spaces.

These artitectural strategies can be effective in improving rural business spaces and economic outputs.

Problem statement: This study adopts the deep learning approach to examine how the physical environment affects learning. From a cognitive perspective, deep learning encompasses a wide range of learning-related issues—from thinking to action—and therefore plays a significant role among modern learning approaches. It has also contributed to the integration of diverse research in cognitive science and neuroscience on learning.

Aiming to connect the fields of cognitive science and learning space design, this study identifies the spatial components of the physical environment and analyzes how they influence deep learning. Accordingly, the research question is: What are the spatial components that influence deep learning, and how do they contribute to its enhancement?

First, to approach the subject of deep learning and extract the components related to the physical environment, an exploratory analysis of the literature and theoretical foundations was conducted. Then, a systematic review was employed to identify and categorize the spatial components of the physical environment. These findings were refined and completed using the snowball sampling method from selected studies.

The influence of spatial components on deep learning can be analyzed through types of student engagement and domains of mental functioning. This demonstrates both direct effects—via cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement processes—and indirect effects—via domains of mental functioning including perception, cognition, emotion, and action. Spatial components were also categorized into two dimensions: functional and physical. Functional components were more frequently addressed in previous studies due to their role in learning activities. The effects of these components were mainly discussed in relation to types of engagement, while physical components were considered more important in terms of their influence on domains of mental functioning.

Advanced science and technology centers in the Iran serve as drivers of national development, and investing in human resources within these centers is of paramount importance. Enhancing researchers' efficiency can directly impact the outcomes and achievements of these centers. The research environment is a crucial factor in improving individual efficiency, and the physical components of the research environment can specifically influence researcher productivity. This article begins by stating the problem and its significance, followed by a review of the literature. Previous studies were analyzed using content analysis to identify and categorize influential factors in the environment. Then, using the Delphi exploratory method, the physical-spatial components affecting the enhancement of researchers' efficiency in such centers were determined. Based on the results, 29 key physical-spatial components were identified and agreed upon by experts as contributing to the enhancement of researchers' efficiency in advanced science and technology centers in Iran. These components can play a significant role, alongside other intervening factors, in enhancing researchers' efficiency in research centers focused on advanced sciences and technologies.

To examine the architectural and economic strategies of rural business spaces from the perspective of experts. 

Design/methodology/approach:

In synthesis of literature review, after reviewing 47 articles found, the relationships between variables in first relation between R.B.S & R.B.A: The components were extracted & converted to 8 components based on the Roberts synthesis method. But since the main unknown of the research was Architecture & speciology of the building, according to the gaps extracted 8 types of architecture were compiled & the axial coding & 8 research content was extracted from it. Then the content-target-table was generated. In the current step, since theoretical foundations were insufficient, a combined research method was used & the Delphi research method was used in this phase of research. The study community had 41 elite subjects (rural-urban-architectural-entrepreneurial). To analyze the data collected based on the Q factor analysis extracted results & ultimately the most influential factors on the RBS & RBP from each of the specified spatial attributes. The results of the study indicate that in total, 3 categories are emphasized, 5 categories in the 2nd priority, 3 categories are not generally approved by this community, but in some factors, it is emphasized. Findings- In response to the research question of what the classification and perspective of the community of experts are on the architectural strategies of rural business spaces, there are 7 views in this regard: Requirements for multi-purpose spaces (second activity): separate, isolated, sanitary, and Indigenous (12.67%); Second activity in the form of multipurpose buildings or increasing the area for the construction of a sales place in rural buildings (11.49%); The sales Place is equipped with isolation (10.07%); Sanitary and isolated interior architecture (cultivation space) (8.06%); Indigenous model of Health and isolation (7.85%); Reconstruction of old buildings by equipping, and separating and increasing the business area (7.68%) and etc. 

Interdisciplinary and lack of coherent studies and literature on Rural Business Architecture (R B A) and multi-purpose & hybrid building and architecpreneure (architecture + entrepreneurship). 

Originality/value:

Research started with the hypothesis of multifunctionalization of production spaces, but ultimately concepts such as health & reducing the penetration of the second activity pest were given priority over multifunctioning & combining activities. There for the priority of health concepts & sales & second activity is the innovation of this research.

Light significantly affects human physiological and psychological dimensions, particularly emotions, which play a key role in mental health. Exploring the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of light and emotional or affective states in indoor architectural spaces is essential due to the substantial time people spend in such environments. However, a comprehensive study that integrates and summarizes existing knowledge in this field is still lacking. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence and identify research gaps. A total of 4,897 records were identified using relevant keywords from five databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and APA PsycINFO. The review followed the Prisma 2020 guidelines. After screening (kappa = 0.784) and assessing eligibility based on PICOS criteria, 14 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria and authors’ consensus. Reviewing references led to the inclusion of one additional article. All 15 studies were rated as of acceptable quality, and their data were extracted. The findings reveal that most prior studies have evaluated the effects of Illuminance, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT), Lighting Color, and Lighting Distribution or Direction on Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD) in predominantly administrative, commercial, or educational indoor spaces. Generally, all PAD dimensions are directly correlated with Illuminance level, and Arousal is directly related to CCT. Furthermore, the combination of direct and indirect Lighting and relatively complex lighting Distribution increase Pleasure, and Colored light heightens Arousal while reducing Dominance. Identified research gaps underscore the need for future studies focusing on artificial lighting dependent on interior architectural form, indoor natural light, residential environments, and the use of behavioral and neurophysiological indicators for emotion evaluation.

In this article, Shamsiya of Yazd, a complex of the 8th century A.H, is examined through the lens of two historical texts "Tarikh-e Yazd" (by Ja’fari) and "Tarikh-e Jadid-e Yazd" (by Kateb) - both from the 9th century. The differences between these 2 descriptions and with the remains of the building, provides a framework for understanding this building and its perception in the past.

This article, using the historical-interpretive method, first deals with the identification of the Shamsiya complex in the Waqfname (endowment letter) of Jame’ Al-Khairat, and then compares the descriptions of Ja’fari and Kateb with each other and with the Waqfname and building itself. Secondly, it will list the differences among descriptions. Finally, considering social backgrounds and textual context, it will recognize the Shamsiya collection and the way it was looked upon.

The main difference between Jafari's text and Kateb's about Shamsiya is the type of reference to decorative details and water supply corridors. Also, while the texts of the 9th century mention two madrasas in this complex, only one madrasa is mentioned in Jame’ Al-Khairat. There are other minor differences between them also.

The key to understand the differences lies in two authors' different perspectives; While Ja'fari pays attention to the whole building and the surface water passages, Kateb weighs more to the decorative detail and underground water. Also, the difference between the social background of the 9th and the 8th century has caused the building of Dar al-Siyadeh to gradually become "Madrasa".

The importance of providing a healthy environment, which significantly impacts a patient’s health, renders indoor air quality (IAQ) a vital concern in medical settings. In particular, it is crucial to monitor and assess the air quality inside the building regularly. This study, conducted at Namazi Hospital, investigated parameters affecting air quality and measured them in the facility’s indoor air. In this research, the acceptable limit of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and PM2.5 and PM10 (particular matter) parameters were reviewed based on indoor air quality standards in medical environments. The measurements revealed that outdoor and indoor levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were below the acceptable limit set by international indoor air quality guidelines. Indoor levels of nitrogen dioxide were also below the acceptable limit, but outdoor levels exceeded it. Furthermore, indoor and outdoor levels of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded the acceptable limit. The traffic issue on the access routes to this hospital has directly impacted the air quality. Altering the arrangement of indoor furniture, using air purifiers in conjunction with ventilation devices, and renovating, especially replacing old windows and modifying the heating system, can enhance the air quality. Implementing environmental feedback strategies can also contribute to this improvement.

A control room is a place where, as a center of operations in the petrochemical industry, production processes are monitored and controlled. Two main factors must be considered in the design of control rooms. The first factor is the protection of the control room building against possible hazards and the second factor is the location of the control room and the arrangement of the panels, to ensure the effective and ergonomic operation of the control room in normal and emergency conditions, which must be designed in such a way that the danger to the residents of the control room is acceptable and be suitable for the maintenance and protection of the unit (ASCE, 2010; Association, 2014). One of the regulations for the design of blast-resistant structures is the Swedish shelter regulations, which are derived from the examination of structures destroyed in the second world war (Ekengren and räddningsverk, 1994). The Swedish Shelter Regulations regulate the design of civil defense shelters in Sweden and include the requirements specified for these protection structures. Civilian defense shelters are designed not only to withstand the effects of conventional weapons, but also to withstand radioactive radiation, chemical and biological warfare, and gases explosion. By considering these requirements, shelters should be designed with minimal risk of death or injury to those in need of shelter, and be able to withstand the effects of the shockwave generated by a 250-kg bomb at a distance of 10 meters. Also, the requirements of proper design and retrofitting of existing structures against explosion can significantly reduce costs. In view of the above, the analysis and design of refinery structures against explosion loads and the strengthening of their members has great importance. Long-distance explosions and loading of structural elements also include phenomena that are not yet well understood. In order to increase knowledge in this field, a numerical study is currently presented. For this purpose, in this study, four types of concrete columns and four models of exterior wall for the control room were designed according to Swedish regulations to withstand the pressure of an explosion of a 250kg TNT at a distance of 10 meters and then against explosions of 6000, 4000 and 8000 kilograms at a safety distance of 40 meters is evaluated by the Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling method in Autodyn software. Response limit-state are selected according to the ASCE standard (ASCE, 2010).

Daylight has a positive effect on people's health, employee productivity and property value. However, with the growth of high-rise buildings in populated cities, access to natural light for the lower floors are challenging. Atrium is one of the strategies for bringing daylight to these floors. Atrium’s daylight performance can be evaluated before construction thanks to computer simulations. Until now, daylight simulation has been limited to one cloudy sky condition. With the help of new methods of computer simulation of daylight, it is possible to study the effects of sun angles and sky conditions throughout the entire hours of a year. This development has made it possible to apply the direct sunlight component to the simulation and study its impacts of architectural features that are related to it. This study focuses on the effect of the angle of inclination of the inner walls of the atrium on the daylight performance of adjacent rooms.

 Different angles of the atrium in the north and south direction have been studied by the method of "Climate-based daylight modeling" for the city of Tehran. (sDA), (ASE) and (UDI) are daylight metrics which have been used in computer simulations.

The inclination of the inner walls of the atrium at an angle of 20 degrees to the south improves all three criteria mentioned in the lower floors of it. However, the inclination of the atrium walls to the north, not only reduces the daylight in the lower parts, but also increases the glare in the upper floors.

Although the effect of inclination angle on daylight performance of atrium is not as prominent as other factors, the designer can maximize this effect in the early stages of design, with the correct arrangement and prioritization of spaces to benefit from daylight.

Problem statement: 

Although the unwillingness of students to use academic libraries may have such reasons as the interference of class times with the working hours of libraries, the spread of electronic resources, and easy access to them through applications that can be installed on cell phones and computers, the architectural design criteria in academic library spaces can also affect in the lack of presence of users.

The present research aimed to identify criteria that lead to the maximum attraction of users and increase their presence in academic libraries while improving the quality of the architectural space of academic libraries.

Using a qualitative approach, this research was done by the grounded theory method. The data obtained from semi-structured interviews with 14 users of 5 academic libraries in Tehran were coded in the three phases of open, axial, and selective coding. 33 propositions were obtained as open codes. Axial codes were extracted from 20 main categories and finally, 5 cores were recognized as the selective codes.

Providing spaces for leisure time and relaxation, views of vegetation, diverse visual views, the possibility of group discussion, the environmental comfort in the study halls, considerations related to the privacy of visual connection between the women's spaces and other library spaces, spatial organization, functional quality of furniture and shelves (suitable furniture for long-term sitting and observation of ergonomics), and management and planning for human resources were determined as factors affecting the desirability of academic libraries.

Some tourists etch their names on the walls of historical buildings as a permanent mark without any significance. Sociologists refer to these individuals as vandals. This study discusses this topic from the perspective of environmental psychology and assumes that these scribbled written words are one of the signs of attachment to a place. Therefore, the research aims at examining the reasons why such behaviors occur to take a step towards controlling, reducing, and preventing destruction by tourists by writing or inscribing words. For this purpose, this research attempted to answer two questions: What motivates some tourists to leave written words on historical sites and monuments (such as the Si-o-se-pol bridge)? Which vandalistic motivations or sense of attachment to the place dominates this bridge? To analyze the data, the written words were categorized into groups (A.B.C.D), and a visible sense of attachment was observed in all of these groups. Qualitative content analysis was used to uncover hidden meanings. After studying the remaining written words on the bridge walls, semi-structured interviews (open-response) were carried out with vandal tourists. The results indicate that the written words are driven by a sense of attachment to the place. According to theoretical definitions, this type of behavior, recording memories with a name and date, reflects the feelings of people who have visited the place repeatedly.

War has significant negative impacts not only on human societies but also on the environment. In Syria, the residential sector has been heavily affected by extensive destruction, which needs to be prioritized in reconstruction strategies and plans in order to provide necessary housing for displaced individuals. This research aims to propose sustainable housing reconstruction strategies after war in Syria. Studies conducted on the literature and case studies from war-torn countries show that reconstruction can be an opportunity for achieving sustainable development, as long as it is considered within long-term development plans. This article focuses on finding new perspectives and solutions for the sustainable reconstruction of partially destroyed residential units after war. To achieve this goal, we first define the concept of reconstruction and its approaches, then examine the indigenous housing architecture of Damascus and study global experiences in post-war reconstructions in different countries. Considering the conditions of each country and assessing the post-war situation in Syria, particularly in the city of Damascus, an appropriate strategy for reconstruction can be chosen.To achieve this goal, a residential complex that has been affected by war in Syria was selected and examined. In this regard, fieldwork and questionnaires were conducted to identify the key components in sustainable housing reconstruction projects after war, in line with the research framework. By using the questionnaire, the opinions of experts on the most influential components in such projects were obtained. The results of the questionnaire show that these components are more important in environmental dimensions and subsequently in social dimensions, but less important in economic dimensions. Ultimately, the components of environmental sustainability and social sustainability are prioritized.

Efficiency and effectiveness are two very influential concepts and ideas in evaluating the performance of any organization to achieve aims with the least number of resources. Among the factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources are the components and elements based on the architecture of the work environment. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods that was done in several stages. After reviewing the comparative studies, the indicators and primary components of the model have been extracted. In the next step, the indicators and components were identified and determined through interviews with experts. Then, a quantitative questionnaire was compiled and distributed among experts to validate the research model. Then the obtained data has been subjected to statistical analysis. The statistical population of the research is the experts of advanced science and technology centers, specifically Iran Space town. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a quantitative questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was also checked using Cronbach's alpha test, and the results show that the alpha coefficient is higher than the standard value of 0.7, so the questionnaire has adequate reliability. Data analysis was done using SPSS20 software and structural equation method with SMARTPLS software. The results show that physical and environmental factors and components affect the efficiency of researchers. Finally, 15 components were identified as physical components affecting the efficiency of researcher, also 9 factors were identified as environmental components affecting the efficiency of researchers in Iran's space town.

Understanding the new opportunities and challenges in architecture and urban planning requires a holistic view of the scientific productions of this field. Evaluating scientific productions in neuro-architecture, which is one of the emerging interdisciplinary topics, has not been done so far. Accomplishing review research can help to achieve the mentioned ideal. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Iranian scientific productions in the neuro-architecture field based on a literature review.

The type of study is applied research based on scoping review, and descriptive analysis carried out with content analysis method and scientometrics approach. The research was performed by reviewing articles by Iranian researchers from 2003 to 2020. The search was completed in the 12th month of 2020 in scientific sources. The selection of articles was based on the PRISMA model, and finally, 27 articles were selected from among 480 studies, including 16 articles in the Persian language and 11 articles in the English language. In data analysis, descriptive and content analysis methods were used. Excel and UCINET software were used as tools.

The initial impression is that the number of articles in the neuro-architecture field has increased considerably from 2003 to 2020. The first study in neuro-architecture was published in 2012. The most considerable number of articles is 15, published in 2020. The evaluations showed that 37% of articles were written with quantitative research methods, 37% with qualitative research methods, and 26% with mixed research methods. "Iran University of Science and Technology", and "Shahid Rajaee teacher training University" have the most article production in neuro-architecture. The journals: "Soffeh" and "Urban Management" with 6 papers had the most remarkable number of articles in this field. Studies show that articles’ content can be categorized into four groups: "Aesthetic and Visual preference, Environmental Health and Well-being, Wayfinding and Navigation, and Phenomenology and Sensual perception". The topic of "Environmental Health and Well-being" with 10 articles has the most significant numbers and the topic of "Wayfinding and Navigation" with 5 articles has the fewest ones. Drawing the co-occurrence keywords network showed that 5 keywords with at least 3 repetitions had the highest number of repetitions among the keywords. These keywords included: "Aesthetical preference, Electroencephalography (EEG), Sensory perception, Facade design, and Cognitive features". Among buildings, façades with 29%, and educational and cultural buildings with 4% have the highest and the lowest amount of study, respectively. "Questionnaires and interviews" were the most crucial research tools with 29%, and "Sketch" was the least frequent tool in extracting data from articles with 3%.

The investigation of the findings shows that the research about neuro-architecture has been introduced in Iran with a decade delay compared to the rest of the world. One of the substantial reasons for this time gap is the lack of scientific and, laboratory equipment related to neurological research in Iran, which has been provided in recent years with the establishment of the National Brain Mapping Laboratory and similar research centers. As mentioned, the topic of "Environmental health and Well-being" has the most extensive number of articles in the scientific productions of neuro-architecture in Iran. It seems that the World Health Organization's emphasis on mental and environmental health in 2016 affected the increase in the number of studies in this field. The three keywords "Color and Light, Aesthetic preferences, and Façade design" have the most co-occurrence with each other and other keywords. Based on this, most of the studies performed in the field of aesthetics have examined the effect of color and lighting on viewer preference, which is often evaluated on the façade. In general, the approach to Iranian scientific productions has changed from a descriptive approach to an experimental approach, and brain mapping studies are expected to increase in the future.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a significant concern that affects comfort and health. It is well understood that hospitals are thermal environments in which comfort must be calibrated. This comparative study examined existing international standards of IAQ in Iranian health care facilities. A systematic review of studies on IAQ standards was conducted to test the hypothesis regarding which parameters, and at what level, can have an impact on hospital IAQ: EPA, ASHRAE, LEED, BREEAM, NIOSH, OSHA, WHO, ACGIH, Canadian, and OEL. The inclusion criteria were met by 34 of the 1886 studies that were screened from 2010-2021. The findings of the selected studies were classified into four categories for analysis: monitoring of IAQ according to standards (n=34), IAQ in healthcare facilities (n=1), impact of air pollution on human health (n=9), and interventions to improve IAQ (n=1). Based on these IAQ standards, the acceptable limit for CO2 6300 *10³ µg/m³, for CO 9000 µg/m³, for Formaldehyde 19 µg/m³, for NO2 37 µg/m³, for O3 98 µg/m³, for PM2.5 0.1 µg/m³, for PM10 10 µg/m, and for SO2 31 µg/m³ was suggested. The majority of studies conducted monitoring of pollutants in indoor environments used for homes and schools, with the majority of them relying on WHO IAQ standards. CO, PM, and NO2 concentrations have been the most studied and have the longest track record of research. The acceptable limit for IAQ parameters was proposed.

In recent years, the study of apartment buildings is important because of their growth in Iran. This issue has been neglected in contemporary architecture and landscape research. Previous studies show that one of the factors affecting the mood of apartment dwellers is aesthetic criteria. The purpose of this study is to redefine the aesthetic criteria in evaluating the residential facade of Tehran to improve the quality of experience of residents. To this end, in the first step, the aesthetics criteria of the facade were extracted from the literature on neuro-architectural research. In the second step, according to the mentioned criteria, the residents of the apartments were interviewed. This research is an applied study and its method is qualitative. Sixteen articles were content analyzed in a systematic review. Eleven physical criteria and 8 semantic criteria for the aesthetic of residential facades were extracted. Classification between criteria was done through open-ended interviews with 14 apartment residents in Tehran. Findings showed that among the physical and semantical criteria of the facade, “vegetation”, “color and materials”, and “surface of the openings” have a positive impact on the perception of the aesthetics of the facade. The results show that the residential facades of Tehran are at a low level in terms of semantic and symbolic aesthetic. At the same time, these facades are not acceptable in terms of emotional aesthetic and are only visually enhanced.

Efficiency and effectiveness are two very influential concepts and ideas in evaluating the performance of any organization to achieve aims with the least number of resources. Among the factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources are the components and elements based on the architecture of the work environment. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods that was done in several stages. After reviewing the comparative studies, the indicators and primary components of the model have been extracted. In the next step, the indicators and components were identified and determined through interviews with experts. Then, a quantitative questionnaire was compiled and distributed among experts to validate the research model. Then the obtained data has been subjected to statistical analysis. The statistical population of the research is the experts of advanced science and technology centers, specifically Iran Space town. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a quantitative questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was also checked using Cronbach's alpha test, and the results show that the alpha coefficient is higher than the standard value of 0.7, so the questionnaire has adequate reliability. Data analysis was done using SPSS20 software and structural equation method with SMARTPLS software. The results show that physical and environmental factors and components affect the efficiency of researchers. Finally, 15 components were identified as physical components affecting the efficiency of researcher, also 9 factors were identified as environmental components affecting the efficiency of researchers in Iran's space town.

The purpose of this study was modeling the effect of “realization of the educational content of the interior architecture workshop courses based on pedagogical standards” through the mediating variables “student monitoring and guidance”, “ability to practice and repetition”, “evaluation”, and “appropriate with the student’s abilities” on “creating the learning opportunities and experiences”. It was descriptive research with correlational design of modeling the casual relationships’ type. The research population consisted of students of interior architecture throughout the country who taught the workshop coursers of this field in at least one of the tenth, eleventh or twelfth grades at the academic year of 2020-2021. From this population, 326 persons were selected as the research sample through the cluster sampling method. In this study a researcher-made questionnaire was used as the research instrument. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis. Finding showed that the proposed model has an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSA=0/058, GFI=0/998, IFI=0/999, x2=2/09, P-value<0/05), and all the direct paths are significant (p<0/05). Also, all the indirect paths of realizing the educational content, based on the pedagogical standards through the mediating variables “appropriateness to the student's abilities”, “evaluation”, “ability to practice and repetition”, and “student monitoring and guidance” on learning opportunities and experiences were significant. The results of this research indicate that the proposed model can be used as a suitable model for designing a computer simulation environment for the workshop courses in the field of interior architecture.

Nowadays, population growth in big cities and the High price of urban land have led to the construction of multi-story buildings. An important issue of architectural design in these buildings is to provide adequate daylight for all spaces. Light-well is a solution that is widely used in these buildings but due to the land constraints, they usually lack proper daylight performance especially in high latitudes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different light-well form (vertical and horizontal section shape) with the constant area on all floors on its daylight performance. The selected case study is Urmia located at latitude 37.5. The model is a building with a 4-story light-well in Urmia. The alternatives were evaluated using grasshopper/rhino for parametric simulation, ladybug for inputting time zones and delivering sun position coordinates, and honeybee for analyzing daylight. In this study, the effect of light well form on its performance was investigated using the Useful Daylight Illuminance index. The results show that east-west rectangular light-wells perform the best among vertical light-wells. In all cases, light-wells with sloping walls improve daylight performance, and light-wells with inclined walls to the south reduce lighting efficiency. The light-well form does not significantly change the daylight performance in the upper floors, but it is significantly more effective in the lower floors. As a result, the east-west orientation for the horizontal section and the upward opening vertical section improve daylight performance and increase Useful Daylight Illuminance by 15-20%.

Implementing appropriate design approaches for reaching the goals of sustainable architecture, establishing a residential complex relying on clean energies and considering the climatic characteristics and utilizing different technologies are among the most important needs of the country based on the outlook documents for the next ten years of architecture. Localization or adjusting measuring approaches and then realizing global sustainable architectural standards are of utmost importance in this regard. Therefore, this study has adopted the LEED method for realizing the standards. In measuring the LEED indicators, the most important one is the regional scores indicator which must be extracted and introduced in the process of assessing the regional sustainability priorities. There was no such assessment in District 22, Tehran. Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to achieve the ranking of strategic priorities responsive to the climatic conditions of Tehran so that it can be used as a reference for measuring the success of sustainability projects and similar designs. So, by assessing and investigating the regions which have such scores, including some instances in south California, projects in India, Arizona, and a lot of other regions it was concluded that the regional priority credits are determined based on their sub measures. Accordingly, 50 questionnaires were distributed as a survey among architectural and civil engineers in graduate and doctoral programs. After gathering the questionnaires, using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software application, the credits with the highest frequency percentage were selected as the regional priorities. These priorities were (1) reducing water consumption, (2) renewable energies on site, (3) optimizing energy consumption, (4) optimizing water consumption, (5) waste management, and (6) green energies.

Social sustainability and social capital are phenomena that arise in the relationships between human beings. The basis of these social relationships is the physical environment. The presence of a person in a place and meanings that is a place especially in the mind gives rise to place attachment. The present research seeks to answer the question of how the openness of college community can be and how it will affect the degree of social capital formation among users of these spaces. In this regard, the role of the attachment variable to the place as a side variable (mediator) that affects the relation of social and social capital and is influenced by the amount of sociality of the space has been studied. The method of doing this quantitative research and information-gathering tool is questionnaire. In addition, students at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan were selected as the statistical population. For analyzing the collected data, a Structural Equation Modeling Model (SEM) questionnaire was used. The results of the analyzes indicate a direct and powerful direct effect of the societal variable on social capital that acts as a factor in social sustainability. It has also been proven that socialization has a direct and strong impact on place attachment. Finally, the results of the last survey showed that place attachment directly and strongly affects social capital.

It is generally well-known and understood that daylight and view help to create healthy, comfortable, and productive work environments for building occupants. Human can obtain many benefits associated with daylight and view, which are one of the most important reasons to provide sufficient amount of daylight and view in buildings. The perceived value of views through daylight openings such as windows has persisted throughout time. Windows have great perceived and observable commercial value in buildings. Nevertheless, providing daylight and view in buildings should be done in a way that is acceptable to the occupants, so that a balance between energy savings and thermal/visual comfort can be achieved. There is still risk of having low level of comfort perceived by the occupants, particularly in the form of discomfort glare, which can significantly reduce energy savings. Discomfort glare occurs when the eyes have adjusted to a certain general level of brightness, and some annoying, distracting, or blinding light appears within the visual field. Glare can be described in one of three main ways: according to the process that created the glare, according to an individual's perceived degree of glare intensity, and according to the results of the glare. Although the topic of discomfort glare is an important issue in daylight buildings; however, a consensus on the glare indices and their criteria is hard to achieve, since any measured objective values must show a significant correlation with perception of the space occupants. Applicability of the criteria for each glare indices is yet to be determined, considering various demographic and cultural differences and preferences. Many researches are done in laboratory conditions or controlled environments and have not been repeated in field studies. Glare is a subjective phenomenon and many factors can affect its perception. Occupant-based factors can influence individuals’ glare perception. There is little consensus between different studies in varied space types and climates. This research aims to determine the appropriate criteria for discomfort glare in Iran, using high dynamic range (HDR) imaging technique and post-occupancy evaluation. The objectives are to find correlations between various physical variables and glare indices and to obtain the comfort criteria for day-lighting glare in Iran. This paper provides recommendations to determine discomfort glare in daylight space based on high dynamic range image and questionnaire in Iran and compares five different glare indices. Many existing glare indices including DGP (Daylight Glare Probability), DGI (Daylight Glare Index), UGR (Unified Glare Rating), VCP (Visual Comfort Probability), and CGI (CIE Glare Index) focus on evaluating perceived degree of glare intensity. For assessing these indices, a questionnaire was developed and by reviewing the HDR results and the questionnaire, it was determined which criteria is more applicable under different circumstances. It is found that DGP yields the most plausible results. UGR has the highest rate for assessing perceptible glare, DGI has acceptable accuracy for assessing imperceptible glare and the best performance of CGI is in intolerable glare scenes. VCP has the least degree of accuracy in each stage. Thus, VCP is not suitable for use in calculations of daylight glare.