mohsen vahdani

Football is the most popular sport worldwide and has evolved into a significant industry with far-reaching economic, cultural, and social implications. It not only entertains millions but also shapes identities, fosters community belonging, and influences business behaviors among its stakeholders. In Iraq, football holds a particularly prominent position, with the Iraqi Premier Football League standing as the centerpiece of the country’s sports industry. Despite its popularity and passionate following, the Iraqi Premier League has lagged behind other countries' leagues in terms of organizational development, competition structure, and management. This research was initiated to explore the future development of the Iraqi Premier League by identifying key dimensions and requirements for its advancement, employing scenario planning and the mutual effects matrix method.The rationale for this research is grounded in the recognition that the sustainable development of football leagues depends on a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing their growth and the ability to anticipate future challenges and opportunities. Scenario planning, a foresight methodology, enables stakeholders to visualize different potential futures and devise strategic responses. By applying this approach to the Iraqi Premier League, the research aims to provide actionable insights and strategic options for policymakers, league organizers, and other stakeholders committed to elevating the league’s status by the year 2032.

This study employed a qualitative research design with a practical orientation and a normative approach. The research population comprised professors, experts, and elites with deep knowledge of the football industry in Iraq, including football managers and academics. The sampling strategy was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation, ensuring that participants could provide the richest and most relevant insights into the phenomenon under study. Ultimately, ten experts and elites, including managers, coaches, and professors, each with at least ten years of professional football experience and a minimum of a master’s degree, were selected for in-depth semi-structured interviews.The primary research instrument was a semi-structured interview guide designed to elicit detailed perspectives on the current state and future prospects of the Iraqi Premier League. To ensure the validity and reliability of the findings, the study employed Wolcott’s fourfold approach, which emphasizes credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability in qualitative research.For scenario development, the study utilized the mutual effects analysis matrix, a recognized tool in futures studies. This method involves mapping the qualitative effects of key variables on one another within a system, thereby constructing scenarios based on the network of mutual influences. In this research, twenty primary variables were identified and categorized into eight main groups. These variables were entered into Mic Mac software, which facilitated the formation of a twenty-by-twenty mutual effects matrix. The experts evaluated the degree ofinfluence and dependence among variables, assigning scores from zero to three to reflect the intensity of these relationships. The process included two cycles of data analysis to ensure the robustness of the results.The scenario wizard software was then used to synthesize the findings and generate coherent future scenarios for the league. The validity and reliability of the research tools and process were confirmed through repeated data cycles and expert consensus.

The analysis of the mutual effects matrix revealed ten key influential variables critical to the future development of the Iraqi Premier League. The regulation of support laws for spectators and fans demonstrated the highest influence coefficient on other variables, accounting for forty-five percent of influence. The availability of spaces with the potential to host competitions, the establishment of talent centers, and the existence of growth and training clubs also emerged as highly influential variables, with influence coefficients of forty-four percent, forty-three percent, and forty-two percent respectively. Additionally, the regulation of business and support laws for financial sponsors, the creation of a market for selling league goods, the setting of unified rules for the use of stadiums equipped with clubs, the development of a marketing plan for tournament ticket pricing, the utilization of virtual space to create special brand value, and the identification of spatial and temporal positions for branding were identified as critical factors shaping the league’s future.Among these, the variable concerning the creation of an integrated competitive balance had the highest influence among all variables, with a coefficient of forty-eight percent. This was followed by increasing demand for league viewership and attractiveness, developing a strategic plan for league organization, and leveraging media for income generation and exclusive broadcasting rights, each with influence coefficients ranging between forty-two and forty-three percent.These findings indicate that legislative frameworks, talent development, infrastructure, and strategic marketing are pivotal factors that shape the league’s trajectory. The interplay among these factors determines the league’s ability to attract fans, sponsors, and media attention, which in turn drives its commercial and competitive success.Based on the mutual effects analysis, three main scenarios were constructed for the future of the Iraqi Premier League. The favorable or utopian scenario is characterized by optimal legislative support, robust talent development, advanced infrastructure, effective marketing, and strong stakeholder collaboration. This scenario envisions a thriving league that achieves international recognition and sustainable growth. The continuation or status quo scenario reflects the persistence of current challenges and moderate improvements. The league maintains its existing structure with incremental progress but fails to achieve transformative change. The unfavorable or bell’s slavery scenario is marked by stagnation or regression due to inadequate reforms, weak stakeholder engagement, and missed opportunities for modernization. The league struggles with declining competitiveness and relevance.

This research, through its applied and standardized scenario development approach, has identified the key determinants of the Iraqi Premier League’s future. The use of library research, expert interviews, and advanced scenario planning tools has enabled a comprehensive analysis of the league’s developmental landscape. The findings underscore the importance of revisiting and updating legislative frameworks, fostering collaboration between public and private sectors, implementing effective marketing strategies, and diversifying urban and stadium spaces to unlock the league’s full potential.To realize the favorable scenario, the study recommends reviewing and strengthening laws related to spectator and sponsor support, integrating judiciary and policy-making efforts, enhancing public-private partnerships, promoting constructive marketing and branding strategies, and diversifying and upgrading event locations and facilities.By adopting these strategies, the Iraqi Premier League can position itself for sustained growth, increased competitiveness, and greater appeal to fans and commercial partners alike.

This study aimed to introduce the avatar technology development model in sport businesses. The research method used was qualitative and conducted with a multi-grounded approach. The study involved 11 participants, comprising marketing experts, professors, and owners companies. Semi-structured interviews were the primary research tool, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 participants. Validation was performed through a triangulation approach, In order to achieve this purpose, several types of triangulation including the use of several methods, several sources of data, and several coders were performed to verify the findings. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software version 2020. The final research model consisted of 5 key components: 1- Internal action conditions (organizational acceptance, technological infrastructures), 2- External action conditions (organizational external environment), 3- The main avatar phenomenon (security considerations, avatar design, personality, research and development), 4- Strategies (pricing, location and distribution channels, promotion and advertising, communication with customers, products), and 5- Outcomes (financial implications, customer relations, branding). Avatars offer immersive training and event experiences, attracting and retaining customers with tailored services. Integration of avatar tech is crucial for innovation and staying competitive in the digital age. New sport businesses are advised to focus on design, security, and widespread implementation to maximize benefits and improve branding across all operational aspects.

 One important factor in enhancing the quality of education is the classroom climate.The goal of this study is to create a model for cultivating a supportive environment in physical education classes using the multi-ground theory.

The study involved 24 physical education teachers, educational group leaders, and physical education curriculum experts and specialists. Semi-structured interviews were used as the research tool. The research comprised three stages:1-Coding of in-depth interviews 2-Developing the initial theory based on inductive coding, conceptual refinement, model coding, and theoretical summarization 3-Clear contextualization through theoretical adaptation to models, theory, and previous research.The alignment method was employed to validate the research.

The research model ultimately comprised of five internal sub-categories and three external sub-categories for action conditions, four sub-categories for the main phenomenon, seven sub-categories for actions, and three sub-categories for action results and consequences.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that by establishing a strong foundation through internal actions (such as curriculum re-engineering, space and equipment development, teacher professional program improvement, and school principal support) and taking into account external factors (environmental conditions, family, and regulations), it is anticipated that the atmosphere of physical education classes will improve in organizational, environmental, and psychological aspects.

The current research was done to provide an image and identity of the future of Iraqi professional football in order to improve the future of this sport.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data, which was carried out by combining the methods of theme analysis, layered analysis of causes and scenario creation by Dator's method. The participants included 18 Iraqi football experts.

The results showed that the most important options are the uncertainties that have a special value in the future of Iraqi professional football and the lack of policies based on infrastructure and their equipment. Disabilities show that they are afraid of failure and believe that they reach the violence of power in the layers of discourse and metaphor and myth and the lack of integrity and acceptance in strict laws and the lack of correct policies to the problems raised. All the factors identified in the solutions phase were confirmed by using research confirmation analysis in order to draw the scenario. The results of these findings are in four scenarios of fair competition, final death, multi-story cemetery, and 127 hours.

The outlined scenarios will help policymakers and federation managers to change the identity and image of Iraqi professional football by creating a common language, developing political and cultural diplomacy, increasing professional sports ethics, and developing courage and justice.

Physical education is one of the most crucial and practical courses that can effectively contribute to students' comprehensive education. Assessment is one of the most crucial elements of the curriculum. In educational literature, it is regarded as a vital aspect of curriculum and education. One term that has recently gained attention from educational science specialists is "Assessment literacy" among teachers. Research Questions: What are the dimensions of assessment literacy in physical education teachers? What are the subcategories within each dimension?

The research method was applied in terms of objective and qualitative in terms of data. The participants include 4 physical education experts (2 men and 2 women), 6 heads of the physical education course (2 men and 4 women), 3 university professors (1 man and 2 women), and 5 They were certified physical education teachers (1 man and 4 women). The research tool was semi-structured interview. To validate the research, some features such as credibility, dependability, and confirmability are used. Data analysis was done using the Thematic analysis method and using software Maxqda 20.

The results of this research show that for physical education teachers to provide quality physical education, there must be some assessment skills that are called assessment literacy. Under the theme of background awareness, there were sub-themes related to awareness of the content of physical education lessons, understanding of assessment principles, knowledge of related sciences, familiarity with assessment approaches, and awareness of types of evaluators. Under the skill processes axis, sub-themes included tool-making skills and statistical and measurement skills. Additionally, under the theme of interpretation and feedback abilities, sub-themes included interpretation and analysis abilities, as well as the ability to provide feedback.

Adequate mastery of the content of the physical education helps teachers to consider more accurate criteria in the assessment process. In addition, teachers should constantly revise and modify their current physical education assessment methods according to the characteristics and individual needs of students. Another important category is awareness of assessment goals. Assessment is done to strengthen teaching-learning processes by correcting students' mistakes, strengthening the performance of physical education teachers, and developing content or curriculum. Assessment is an integral part of the educational process and can provide valuable information to both students and teachers. Another category that attracted the attention of experts was having information in various sciences (sports physiology, psychology, pedagogy, etc.). It is obvious that assessment processes in physical education lessons require some competencies that require subject knowledge. According to the findings, key aspects of assessment literacy for physical education teachers include background knowledge, skill processes, and interpretation and feedback abilities. Proficiency in the content of physical education enables teachers to apply more precise criteria during the assessment process. Furthermore, teachers should continuously adapt and adjust their current assessment methods to suit the individual needs and characteristics of their students. Understanding the goals of assessment is another crucial factor. assessment aims to enhance the teaching-learning process by rectifying students' errors, improving the performance of physical education teachers, and refining content or curriculum. Assessment is an essential component of the educational journey, offering valuable insights to both students and teachers. Additionally, experts have highlighted the importance of possessing knowledge in various fields such as sports physiology, psychology, and pedagogy. It is evident that the assessment processes within physical education lessons demand competencies rooted in subject knowledge. The results also indicated that the sub-theme of skill processes included the skill of making tools and statistical and measurement skills. Making tools encompasses the teacher's abilities and competencies to creatively design various tools (rubrics, tests, etc.) for evaluating students in different areas of knowledge, attitude, and motor skills. Assessment should accurately measure the intended standards, be repeatable for accuracy, and be quick and trouble-free. Establishing measurable performance measures for students at each grade level enables physical education teachers to focus instruction on specific outcomes and determine which students have met learning expectations. The results revealed that interpretation and feedback abilities encompass two subthemes: interpretation, analysis, and judgment abilities, as well as the theme of feedback ability. Teachers need to interpret student information meaningfully, communicate it effectively, and maintain an ongoing dialogue about performance. When scoring, the focus should be on making judgments based on individuals' growth and providing a context for everyone to assess their performance and obtain the necessary information to reach their goals. Teachers offer feedback to help learners understand their current position and what steps to take next. Regarding feedback, experts suggest that it should be interactive, of reasonable quantity and scope, timely, and psychologically supportive, positive, and constructive to facilitate ongoing learning. Clarity is essential for students. Assessment literacy involves understanding, applying, interpreting, and critically engaging with assessment. It pertains to the abilities of teachers and students to interact with and utilize assessment methods and results to enhance learning. While assessment literacy is still a developing concept, it has the potential to help teachers effectively implement and interpret assessment results in an informed and valueoptimizing manner. There is a need for teachers to be well-trained in the category of assessment and to promote assessment literacy as a continuous process that is a prerequisite for quality physical education. The processes of empowering and improving assessment literacy in physical education teachers can be accepted through basic and in-service training. To have Assessment literacy, it is necessary to understand the quality of the assessment of student progress and the use of assessment that expresses clear, specific, and rich definitions of assessment. Also, rubrics have been considered as one of the quality assessment tools. Rubrics provide several keys to assessing each skill. In addition, some technological tools are also used in the developments. Various technology tools can help teachers to assess students specifically.

The objective of this research was to design a needs assessment model for physical education teachers.

The research method used in this study was qualitative (content analysis and theme analysis) and applied. The research consisted of two parts: analysis of key transformative documents (national curriculum and fundamental transformation document of education) and interviews with experts and specialists in the field of physical education, measurement and evaluation, and education (professors from national universities and the University of Frahangian), experts and managers (current and retired officials from the Ministry of Education at the provincial level), and physical education teachers (exemplary department heads, current and retired teachers). The selection of the sample in the analysis of the content of transformational documents was purposeful and in the experts' section it was non-random.The research tool was semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using coding techniques with MAXQDA 20 software. The validity and reliability of the research were ensured through harmonization, including multiple methods (content analysis of documents and interviews), multiple sources (professors, managers, experts, teachers, etc.) , and multiple coders (two coders).

In total 8 Global themes, 29 organized themes, and 115 basic themes were identified. Pedagogical knowledge of physical education, technological knowledge, structural knowledge, research knowledge, specialized knowledge, professional knowledge, and transformative documents are among the most important subjects that should be considered in the training of physical education teachers.

It is suggested to the trustees of the Ministry of Education to change the educational goals and topics of physical education teachers based on the needs identified in this research. It is also suggested that Farhangian University should revise the curriculum headings of "Physical Education Secretary" based on these needs.

This study aimed to Design a paradigm model of sales ethics in sports businesses. The qualitative research method followed a systematic grounded theory approach (Strauss & Corbin, 1997). The participants consisted of 5 professors and experts in the sports market, 1 person in ethics, 3 sports business owners, and 3 customers of sports products. Semi-structured interviews were used as the research tool. Validation was carried out using a triangulation approach, which involved using multiple sources for data (different participant groups) and having two reviewers verify emerging findings. All data was analyzed and reviewed using Maxqda software version 2020. The research's final model was structured into 5 main axes: 1- Causal conditions (laws and policies, political, cultural-social, economic), 2- Context (customer behavior, advertisement and promotion, product value (price and quality), communication interaction seller with customer, seller's beliefs and values), 3- intervening factors (media, market type and organizational atmosphere), 4- strategies (management and structure, rules and regulations, supervision, training, dissemination and promotion) and 5- The consequences are (internal satisfaction of the seller, branding, financial consequences, consequences related to the seller).Originality: The research findings indicate that managers and policymakers should focus on creating preventive strategies and promoting financial transparency. It is also advised to utilize technology-based monitoring systems to enhance performance and financial transparency. Other research highlights the importance of education and dissemination strategies. Therefore, it is essential for governing institutions to use public media and virtual platforms to promote ethical sales practices. Additionally, workshops and training courses that focus on ethical issues should be incorporated into the process of obtaining sports business licenses.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Presenting a model of the effect of fans' trust on the social behavior of managers and the success of cultural and sports clubs (case study of Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club).

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's online formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. And its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software.

The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers.

Managers' proper understanding of the positive effects of social behavior in dealing with fans and club members can pave the way to success so that proper communication with fans, paying attention to the demands of coaches and athletes, and establishing proper communication with other stakeholders from Financial sponsors are very important examples of social behavior of managers.

The purpose of this research was to construct and validate of the parent support scale for physical education. This research was mixed (qualitative and quantitative methods). In the qualitative section, a questionnaire with 29 questions was compiled by examining the theoretical foundations and literature, holding focus meetings, and interviewing 6 experts in the field of PE and educational sciences. The quantitative part of the research consisted of 3 stages. The first stage was distributing the questionnaire among 10 specialists to check the face and content validity, and conducting an initial pilot on 90 people. In this stage, one question was deleted. The second stage was to perform Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the extraction of 5 factors and remove 2 questions. The third stage was to perform Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and examine convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability. The research tool in the qualitative phase was interviews with the members of the focus group and in the quantitative phase, a 5-point Likert questionnaire. The participants of the quantitative part were 7634 parents of students from all over the provinces of Iran. After conducting EFA, 26 questions were placed on five factors (attitude into PE, behavioral pattern, interaction with PE teacher, affective support, and hardware support). Also, the findings of the CFA indicated proper fit indices and the model was confirmed. Eventually, it can be stated that the parent support scale for physical education has proper validity and reliability and it can be used in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model of institutionalization of happiness in sports science students based on the Grounded Theory.

The research method was applied in terms of objective and qualitative in terms of data using data base theory (systematic approach). The participants were 10 professors of educational sciences, psychology, sports sciences and 4 students of sports sciences. The research tool was semi-structured interviews. Validation was done using alignment approach. To achieve this purpose, several types of alignment including the use of multiple sources for data (the presence of different groups as contributors), and multiple reviewers (two people) were performed to verify emerging findings. The method of data analysis was done using three-stage open, central and selective coding. All data were analyzed and checked using Max Kyoda software version 2020.

The findings of the research include 6 selected components (causal conditions, phenomenon, context, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences), 30 core codes and 136 open codes.

The findings showed that the basic strategies of revitalization include the development of professors' abilities (in areas related to teaching and learning, class management, interaction and communication with students, and assessment and evaluation), flexibility and the existence of justice in university rules, interaction and participation. Students were in university programs and holding visits, camps, and events related to academic units.

The purpose of this study was to feasibility of adding a student workbook in learning packages for physical education curriculum.The research method was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose.Interviewees included managers and experts of curriculum, authors of physical education textbooks,professors of Farhangian University, instructional supervisors, and physical education teachers.Sampling was done in a theoretically purposive way and the process of interviewing continued until saturation (35 people).The research tool was a semi-structured interview. We used triangulation, respondent validation, and peer examination strategies for validate the research process.Data analysis was done by thematic method.In total,498primary codes,80concepts,18categories and 4themes were counted. Achievements,book sponsorships,book production process and executive arrangements are the four main themes extracted from the research findings. In the book production theme, the selection of a strong production team, adherence to the principles of curriculum and fundamental documents, appropriateness to executive requirements, and attention to the technical and content features of the book were emphasized. Also, in the Theme of executive arrangements,considering financial and human resources,dissemination and promotion,upgrading of infrastructure,participation and cooperation,time management and benefiting from the desired structure and organization should be considered by the relevant authorities.In case of preparing and taking into account the necessary implementation arrangements,providing sufficient support and benefiting from the scientific and principled process in the design and production of the student's workbook, one can expect to achieve favorable results and outcomes in the direction of the development of physical education and increasing physical literacy of students.Examining the exact effectiveness of this issue requires more research.

This study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of physical education teachers of implemented curriculum challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic through qualitative phenomenological analysis. Participants were 32 physical education teachers selected based on a criterion-based purposive sampling method from different provinces of Iran. Unstructured interviews, used as the research tool, continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Each interview lasted between 20 and 70 minutes. The seven-step Colaizzi model was used for collecting and analyzing the data, which yielded eight main themes, 19 sub-themes and 84 concepts. The main themes include learners’ inattention, the extent of abilities and psychological problems; proportion of learning environment and teaching materials to the curriculum objectives; characteristics, role and functions of the family in the implementation and assessment of the curriculum; teachers' abilities and competencies; physical education curriculum content; assessment of academic achievement; policy-making and educational management, and finally technology and communication platforms in virtual classrooms. Holding educational courses based on virtual education for teachers, supporting appropriate hardware and software from communication platforms and modifying and updating the COVID-19 curriculum can be mentioned as the main suggestions extracted from this research.

Referees are one of the most important human resources of federations and provincial delegations, whose professional development and growth will require spending time, money, and energy for them and organization. The purpose of this research work was to reflect on the challenges and requirements of the refereeing profession based on the life experiences of Iranian elite football referees.

The research method was qualitative and based on the phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 football referees of national and 1st level. The research tool was unstructured in-depth interviews. The duration of each interview was between 20 and 60 minutes. The process of completing the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. We used strategies such as respondent validation, transferability, and peer review to validate the research process.

The findings showed that background factors, judgment skills, professional growth and moral values were subjects related to requirements. Also the referees' challenges were explained in three categories: challenges related to judgment, challenges related to the organization, and personal challenges.

The findings of this research show that football referees have challenges and sufferings that can lead to consequences (e.g. burnout, leaving the profession, physical and mental injuries, etc.). By knowing the requirements of refereeing (e.g. physical fitness, mental and psychological readiness, communication skills, etc.), it is possible to plan for the empowerment of referees in order to witness the high quality of judging and attractiveness in the games.

One of the important and practical theories in the field of organizational learning is the theory of absorptive capacity. The purpose of this research was to develope and apply the theory of Absorptive capacity in sport business.

The research was applied in terms of purpose. It was done qualitatively. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 24 managers and entrepreneurs in the sport industry. The interviewing process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The researchers used triangulation, respondent validation, and peer examination strategies to validate the research process. The data was coded in two steps.

The findings of the research showed that the expanded model of absorptive capacities includes three main themes: 1- sources of knowledge acquisition, 2- understanding, transformation and application of knowledge, and 3- benefits and consequences of knowledge development in sports business.

The findings of this research show that a sports company or business can improve its strategic, innovative and marketing capabilities by creating, storing and effectively disseminating knowledge. Taking advantage of this theory helps managers of sports organizations to provide new ideas and innovations in their services and products by absorbing new knowledge, and this will benefit the organization and the company from the point of view of branding and economy.

Today, the consequences of sports injuries create many problems for health, athletes, coaches, clubs, families and the sports community, and impose direct and indirect costs on the society. The purpose of this study was phenomenological analysis (understanding of lived experiences) of elite athletes from the sports injuries consequences.

The research method was qualitative phenomenology. Participants included 30 elite athletes, who were purposefully selected from the injured athletes of national and club teams. The research tool was unstructured interviews. The process of completing interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Each interview lasted between 35 to 65 minutes. The seven-step Klaizi model was used for collecting and analyzing data.

Analyzing the data revealed 9 main themes, and 74 concepts. Consequences of physical, family, psychological, social, economic, sports, cultural, lifestyle changes, and migration were the main axes (main themes) of findings of this study.

Due to harmful consequences of sports injuries, we suggest making necessary arrangements to increase safety in sports places and events, and also providing support in legal terms, finance, occupation and life and pension insurance of athletes.

Utilizing strategic planning as a necessity in educational institutions is a necessity. The purpose of this study was to design a strategy map of health for the Ministry of Education of Iran.

This research used an applied method of descriptive survey. The population consisted of 14 managers and experts in Ministry of Education. Research tools included questionnaires and interviews to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; Internal Factor Evaluation Matrices (IFE), External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE); Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis (SWOT) for strategic positioning and strategy formulation; and structural-interpretive model (ISM) matrices for designing the strategic plan in the field of health and wellness.

The research council presented eleven main strategies. The strategy map was drawn the using the ISM model. Standardization of school health equipment, empowerment of human resources, and development of student physical and mental health care system were among the most important health strategies.

Designing this map is a facilitator in implementing strategies that aim to achieve development of health literacy and a healthy lifestyles in students.

The purpose of this study was to Investigation Different Dimensions of ban Iranian Football Clubs from Hosting in Asia 2020. The research method was qualitative and content analysis. Statistical population consisted of all Persian-language media that published their news and reports through various such as sites, social networks, television, radio, magazines and newspapers, etc. For this purpose, 28 media with the richest information were selected purposefully and the data were analyzed simultaneously using a set of initial (open) and inferential coding. The results showed that the three categories of factors mentioned by the AFC, internal experts and internal confounders are the causes of this phenomenon. Media responses, short-term and long-term solutions are needed to overcome these constraints. The consequences of such decisions in both acceptance or non-acceptance of ban from hosting were also examined. Regional networking, obtaining important seats, establishing a sports diplomacy secretariat, and developing informal communications were the most important long-term solutions offered to the country's federation and sports authorities.

As with other occupations, mistakes and unsafe behaviors are among the major causes of accidents in sports. Given the harmful consequences of sport accidents, it is essential to identify ways to control and reduce these unsafe practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a strategy to prevent the effects of unsafe practices on the occurrence of sports accidents in sports environments.

The research was fundamental in terms of purpose and qualitative data were collected using grounded theory using a Glaser approach. The study was conducted among 20 experts in the fields of safety, occupational medicine, psychology, sports injuries, and sports management in 2020. The participants were selected to attend in-depth unstructured interviews purposefully based on the snowball method. Data were analyzed simultaneously using a set of open, selective, and theoretical coding.

The results indicated that the four factors of individual, organization, job knowledge, and the relationship between individual and organization were the main causes of human error in the occurrence of sports accidents. The individual and organizational variables (as process variables) and job knowledge as well as the relationship between the individual and the organizational factors as developmental and auxiliary variables played teh major role in this field.

According to the causes of sport accidents, improving the personal attitude and performance, improving the organizational structure, continuous learning and training of job knowledge, as well as improving and strengthening the positive relationship between the individual and the organization can reduce the risk and promote safety. However, lack of  paying attention to these factors disrupts immunity.

The purpose of this study was designing of a pedagogical model to implementation the goals of the physical education curriculum of schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with an exploratory nature and in 3steps. In the first step, synthesis research method was used to extract the effective factors. The second step included distance interviews with 31 physical education (PE) teachers and PE group leaders, experts, and specialists of curriculum to enumerate more specialized and local factors. Finally, in the third step, a focus group consisting of experts was used to validating and designing the model. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 79%, which indicates the reliability of the research coding process. A total of 50 concepts and 10 main categories were extracted. Findings showed that goals, learner characteristics, Educational platforms and learning environment play a role as fixed and influential factors. In contrast, the elements of teacher, content, teaching methods, Educational materials, family and Assessment as available and flexible factors play a decisive role in students' learning. Finally, it is suggested that physical education teachers consider role of each of these elements, especially the characteristics of learner (individual, social, cultural, etc.), family, educational contexts (quality, facilities, etc), educational materials (suitability for learning environment, family level, etc) and learning environment in the educational plan process. It is also suggested that the Ministry of Education hold additional training courses focusing on content production, teaching and assessment methods in Virtual space.

In this paper, the performance of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) solar cells, which are second generation or thin film solar cells, has been simulated using SCAPS software. The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of the CdTe solar cell. The primary structure of the solar cell consists of Ni, CdTe, CdS, and n-ZnO-Al layers. Therefore, adding a thin layer of tin (SnS) of 0.4 μm to the absorbing layer (CdTe) leads to the creation of a backscattering or an auxiliary electrical field in the direction of the main field, between the adsorbent layer and the buffer layer (CdS). Therefore, adding the layer reduces the recombination of carriers at longer wavelengths by the auxiliary field, and leads to an improvement in the primary structure of the cadmium-telluride solar cell from the values of η=19.09 %, FF= 85.14%, JCS= 25.77 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.87 V to η=22.98 %, FF= 85.99%, JCS= 32.51 mA/Cm2, VOC = 0.82 V.

The purpose of this study was to designing a strategy map of sport in Mohaghegh Ardabili University by synthesis of ISM model. Research method was Descriptive survey and applied of goal view. The population consisted of Strategic Council of university sport. Strategic Council members include president and two affaire of the University, manager and two experts of physical education management, and 3 members of the faculty of physical education.To designing a strategy map was used methods of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) . sport strategies of university Was determined in Strategic Council meeting and Was set in the matrix in the form of a questionnaire, then was given to research samples. Interpretive Structural Model is a Interactive learning process where a set of different elements and structure are related to each other in a comprehensive and systematic model. The final model showed relationship between strategic goals in four levels . The designing this map is facilitators to implementing strategies to achieving development of healthy lifestyles in the students.

The aim of this study was to design a model of strategic readiness in sport organizations of Iran. Research method was mixed and  descriptive-survey. In the qualitative part, participants included 16 university professors who were interviewed to determine the main components of the questionnaire. The sample in the quantitative section included 145 managers and employees of the department of physical education and health at the Ministry of Education in the departments and province. A researcher-made questionnaire (α=0.96) (43 items) was used to evaluate strategic readiness in three dimensions of human resources, organizational factors and leadership and management. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient with Atlas-ti, LISREL and SPSS. The results showed that the model of strategic readiness in sport organizations were based on three main dimensions of human resources, leadership and management and organizational factors. Also, the results indicated that the indices of the model had appropriate and acceptable fit (RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.98, NNFI=0.99). This model can be used as an instruction to prepare sport organizations more to conduct the strategic management process.

The porpose of this study was Development and Prioritize of sport strategies in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. This study was descriptive survey. Statiscal population consisted of staff managers and employees of the physical education Office in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. The sample was considered as full-number equal to the statistical population. In order to perform data collection, we investigated the overhead documents, studied the history literature and the comments of practical and executive elites and used the questionnaire of the effective internal/external environmental factors on the performance of the physical education Office in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. We was used To assess the internal and external factors from EFE and IFE Matrices, for environmental analysis from SWOT matrix, and for developing strategies from TOWS matrix. The results showed that the strategic position of sport of university is on an Conservative basis. The results of matrix QSPM for strategies prioritize showed The development of programs of sport for all, development of educational sport, and development of professional and championships sports of university are Top priority of sport strategies in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. According to the research results and findings, it may be declared that by WO strategies, the physical education office would achieve its high-level goals.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of customer relationship management in competitive advantage of swimming pools in Birjand city. The study method was descriptive- correlation. 214 clients of Birjand swimming pools completed the two questionnaires: Competitive Advantage Questionnaire (Hosseini, 2011) and researcher-made questionnaires which assessed the competitive advantage and customer relationship management respectively in swimming pools. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of P≤0.05. The findings showed a direct and significant relationship between apparent advantage (r=0.36), sustainable advantage (r=0.47), dynamic advantage (r=0.43), congruent advantage (r=0.36) and combined advantage (r=0.35) with customer relationship management. The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that the predictor variables could totally explain 35% of the variance changes of customer relationship management. Regarding the results of this study, it is suggested that swimming pool managers should use a strategic CRM program to develop their competitive position and to gain a competitive advantage which can maintain current customers’ loyalty and absorb more customers.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors of job burnout and coping strategies in personnel of youth & sport general offices.
348 personnel of youth and sport general offices of seven provinces were randomly selected and completed three instruments including the questionnaires of Job Burnout (MBI, Maslach and Jackson, 1981), Sources of Job Burnout , and Coping Strategies of Job Burnout. MBI contained three dimensions with 22 items. Both of the questionnaires of Sources of job burnout and Coping Strategies included 48 items. Reliability of the questionnaires was high; Cronbach's alpha value for MBI, Sources of Job Burnout , and Coping Strategies of Job Burnout were 0.78, 0.85, and 0.89 respectively. Data were analyzed with one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov , ANOVA test and factor analysis test at the significance level of P≤0.05.
The results indicated that there was not a significant difference between job burnout levels of personnel of youth and sport general offices in variant provinces. Also, the results showed that the personal, organizational and social factors were identified as job burnout sources.
Managers of sport organizations can provide a good organizational climate, work support, delegation of authority, social and friendly relationships to cope the personnel's job burnout.