reza rouhani

In his works and poems, Jalaluddin Mohammad Molavi, a mystic poet and scholar of the 7th century (AH), has presented comprehensive theoretical and epistemological topics about science, wisdom and knowledge. From the methodological point of view, his arguments are a subcategory of logic. In the present research, a collection of Molavi's poems and thoughts about knowledge has been extracted by a documentary method and categorized with different logical patterns. His approaches of gaining knowledge are also introduced. Based on the result of this research, in most cases Molavi uses logical (scientific) and literary approaches to introduce knowledge. In this research, only his logical method is introduced and analyzed briefly. Division and classification, matching and comparison, analysis and pathology, and description and semiotics are the major methods used by Molavi to introduce knowledge, instill it, and persuade the audience.

In this article, a famous sonnet by Hafez is briefly analyzed based on Van Dijk's (professor of discourse analysis) ideological square & Based on some discursive factors, it is analyzed and interpreted in terms of form and content and it is analyzed how Hafez highlighted the positive characteristics of "we" (Hafez, mystics) while writing a lyric. And he has distinguished the negative characteristics of "others" (the kings). And he has shown the negative qualities of "self" and the positive qualities of "others" and he shows that they are less important. These four cases are the basic cases of Van Dijk's theory in the analysis of texts and speeches. The main goal of this research is to know more about the moral and social views of Hafez and his time through the poems that From the point of view of the theory of critical discourse analysis, it has been evaluated.The method of this research is descriptive-analytical (qualitative) and its data was collected using the library method. Among the results of the current research is this that by introducing the linguistic and rhetorical methods of Hafez & in expressing moral and critical issues, his great human and social concerns should be introduced. In this way, Hafez has expressed his critical discourse by using direct and indirect expression, and by using appropriate vocabulary and syntax and rhetorical ironics. He criticizes us by highlighting our positive qualities such as avoiding bad language and prejudice and avoiding wrongdoing, and he has talked about the negative characteristics of others such as saying bad things and hearing bad things, thinking bad things and slandering.

Context: 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine metabolic disorder, one of the symptoms of which is irregular menstrual cycles. Polycystic ovary syndrome treatment using chemical drugs has been effective, however, PCOS patients have received effective results from herbal treatment

Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref and Hinari databases were searched for the effect of medicinal plants in the treatment of polycystic syndrome.

The results showed that medicinal plants and their active substances are effective in the treatment of polycystic syndrome.

This study showed that the search and isolation of effective substances in plants can be a good treatment alternative for polycystic syndrome.

Hossein Monzavi is a poet who has brought major changes in the field of Ghazal and is considered among the innovators of this field. An important part of his thoughts regarding God, man and the universe is hidden in the depths of isolated sonnets, but factors such as the lack of mysticism in the contemporary era and his unassumingness in the field of mysticism have created the impression that he is a purely romantic poet. The present essay, with the descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of formulating the spiritual thoughts reflected in the isolated sonnet, has investigated how he looked at mystical topics and has extracted and recorded the attitude of this poet about each of the examples of mysticism from among his sonnets. The findings of the research indicate that concepts such as the necessity of self-knowledge, freedom from attachments, tolerance of suffering, belief in the covenant of trust, the importance of leaving the world and sensuality, patience, gratitude, submission and satisfaction, belief in the unity of existence, the superiority of love to reason, in the sonnets. He is seen and his love oscillates between permission and truth. The high frequency of mystical concepts and its significant emotional impact show that these concepts are not only a means of thematization and expressive games and have taken an important part of the poet's mental concerns, but they are completely consistent with what he saw in the mystical tradition of Persian poetry. It can be, it is not; Therefore,

The revelation of the Holy Quran has been done in various linguistic, literary and methodological aspects. In this article, with a descriptive, analytical and hermeneutic method, an attempt has been made to deal with the theoretical dimensions and different meanings of the literary descent of the Qur'an, and to represent and briefly analyze the various methods and factors of this matter. The relations, similarities and differences between the language and literature with the language and literature of the Qur'an are among the introductions of the article, and the main differences are introduced in terms of the goals and motivations of each. In the second part, several meanings and dimensions of the descent or literary descent of the Qur'an, and some methods and categories that can be mentioned regarding the types and methods of the descent of the Qur'an are introduced, which can be deduced in the field of language and literature. Finally, by mentioning the factors against the literary reduction of the Qur'an, it has been emphasized and explained how paying attention to the set of these ratios and differences, and meanings and dimensions can prevent the audience from accepting wrong assumptions and the way to criticize those assumptions.

Hafiz’s art is not restricted to his couplets in ghazal (romantic songs) or formal and spiritual depictions. Rather, those beautiful images are accompanied, in high harmony, by sublime semantic or spiritual concepts. The present study uses a semantic approach, or even esoteric hermeneutics, to discuss Hafiz’s religious and esoteric path, and to scrutinize the last couplet of the ghazal number 296 in his collection of ghazals (Ghani-Qazvini copy), to explore this issue and analyze and interpret its various dimensions. The finding of this study is that, in the couplet “O Hafiz! If you step in the path of the [Prophet’s] dynasty/ the endeavors of the sheriff of Najaf will accompany you”, Hafiz both refers – briefly and emphatically – to his personal and Shiite wayfaring, and restates the conditions for such a wayfaring, referring to its immediate and future results and benefits. Here, we investigate and analyze the importance of honesty and honest steps taken in the path of the Prophet’s Household, which are emphasized in the Quranic verses and traditions as well as the teachings of the mystics, and are associated with the concept of Shiism as well as the supportive, protective and guiding roles of Imam Ali in Hafiz’s honest wayfaring.

Superiority of levetiracetam over phenytoin for postcraniotomy seizure prophylaxis in patients with a supratentorial brain tumor is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for postcraniotomy seizure prophylaxis in supratentorial brain tumor.  

In a randomized controlled trial study, 80 patients with a supratentorial brain tumor who underwent craniotomy were allocated to levetiracetam or phenytoin group, 40 patients each. Seizure prophylaxis was started 5 days before the surgery and continued until 90 days after surgery. Phenytoin group received 100 mg oral phenytoin 3 times a day. The levetiracetam group received 500 mg oral levetiracetam 2 times a day. The primary outcome was the incidence of postcraniotomy seizures. The secondary outcome measure was the safety profile of the drugs.  

All patients of the phenytoin group and 39 patients of levetiracetam completed the study. ‎Two seizures developed in the study population, ‎1 ‏in the ‏phenytoin group (2.5%) and 1 in the levetiracetam group (2.6%) (P = 0.710). Renal or hepatic dysfunction was not observed in any patients. Wound hematoma was seen in 5 patients (12.5%) of the phenytoin and 6 patients (15.4%) of the levetiracetam group (P = 0.481). Skin rash developed in 3 patients (7.5%) of the phenytoin group and no patient of the levetiracetam group (P = 0.132). Thrombocytopenia was detected in 1 patient of the phenytoin group (2.5%) and no patient of the levetiracetam group (P = 0.511). None of the adverse events led to drug withdrawal.  

These results reveal no superiority of levetiracetam over phenytoin for postcraniotomy seizure prophylaxis in supratentorial brain tumor.

 Regarding the increasing resistance of bacteria against antibiotics and the existence of antibacterial compounds in plants, we here investigated the antimicrobial effects of the methanolic extracts of several plants on pathogenic bacteria.

 Ten grams of the dry ingredients of Eryngium caucasicum trautv (leaf), Saponaria officinalis (flower), Froriepia subpinnata (leaf), Malva sylvestris (leaf), and Urtica dioica (leaf) was poured in 100 mL of methanol and shaken for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the extracts were strained and dried in the oven, and their antimicrobial activity at the 100 mg/mL concentration was evaluated against the mentioned bacteria using the sinkhole method.

 The plant extracts inhibited the growth of all bacteria in various degrees. Among all the plant extracts used, that of F. subpinnata delivered the largest diameter of growth inhibition zone (6 mm) against S. dysenteriae, and the extracts of E. caucasicum and F. subpinnata showed the largest diameter of inhibition zone against Xanthomonas translucens. Also, the extract of M. sylvestris delivered the largest inhibition zone diameter (8 mm) against E. coli.

 Our results showed that the methanolic extract of E. caucasicum was the most effective plant extract against S. dysenteriae, Rathayibacter tritici, and L. monocytogenes, but M. sylvestris extract revealed the greatest impact on E. coli. It is recommended to further investigate the antibacterial compounds of these plants as potential treatments for bacterial infections.

According to the theory of Roland Barthes, a twentieth-century French theorist and philosopher, about the difference between a work and a text. The main question of this article is whether Hafiz's sonnet is a text or a work?To get the answer, the seven chapters that Roland Barthes has stated in his theory of “From work to text”, has been studied on the basis of one of Hafez's sonnets. That's how it starts “If my hand reaches your hair again/ I will sacrifice many heads in your way like a ball”The lecture of this article goes beyond this example and uses the more general evidence of Hafez's sonnets. With the help of this method and Implementation of Roland Barthes theory on the mentioned sonnet, we could get this result that Hafez's sonnet is both, pluralistic and contradictory. It has both infinite meanings and is experienced in relation to the signifier. It isn’t a consumer goods and it has an element of pleasure. It has anti-classification riot power and symbolization. As a result, Hafez’s sonnets deserve to be known “text” not “work”.

Salmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of humans and animals worldwide, which causes food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and bacteremia in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal plants Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis on Salmonella Typhimurium.

Salmonella typhimurium samples were isolated from poultry feces, extracts of Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis plants were prepared using a rotary device, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration were determined by the microdilution method, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was determined by the well method.

The results of the investigation of the inhibition halo diameter of plant extracts showed that the maximum and minimum inhibition halo diameters of P.guajava plant extract were 8 and 1 mm, and the maximum and minimum inhibition halo diameters of N.oleander flower extract were 15 and 1 mm. The maximum and minimum diameters of the inhibition zone of S.alba extract on Salmonella typhimurium were 12 and 1 mm, and the minimum and maximum diameters of the inhibition zone of S.hortensis extract on Salmonella typhimurium were 1 and 4 mm, and the results showed that that the smallest diameter of the inhibition halo was related to the salty extract.

Discuss:

The results of this study showed that medicinal plants have shown good inhibitory effects on Salmonella Typhimurium.

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish and fish consumers. Therefore, it seems necessary to replace less harmful substances, including plant products. The aim of this study is to review fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants on them.

In this study, valid scientific articles indexed in ISI, SID, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science databases were examined using Persian keywords drug resistance, fish pathogenic bacteria, medicinal plants.

A review of the studies shows that medicinal plants and their compounds are able to destroy fish pathogenic bacteria and infections caused by them in different concentrations.

According to the obtained results, medicinal plants can be suggested for the treatment of infections caused by fish pathogenic bacteria.

The Safavid period (907- 1135 AH / 1502-1722 AD) is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran. During this period, especially during the reign of Shah Abbas I (978- 1038 AH / 1571-1629 AD), Iran achieved significant prosperity and glory in various political, scientific, cultural and economic fields. Here, the main question is, considering the effective role of socio-cultural components in the economic system, was the situation of social capital and public trust in the late Safavid period ready forthe growth and continued economic prosperity?  This is a descriptive-analytical study examining the historical sources of the Safavid period. Based on the characteristics of fragile trust in the traditional societies relying on the authoritarian political systems formulated in the sociological theory of Piotr Zetomka, the above characteristics has been studied in the late Safavid period. The results of this study show that in the last decades of the Safavid period, Iran has low social capital and fragile public trust due to the status of these characteristics and the existence of talented functions that appear in the lack of public trust and weakness of social capital in society. It has not had the capacity for economic development and the possibility of sustaining long-term economic prosperity.

One of the wide-ranging topics in the field of Quranic sciences and Quranic revelation is the discussion of the language and expression of the Quran. The present article deals with theoretical-critical aspects of the language of revelation and the meanings of ejaculation and revelation in the Holy Quran. The author's claim is to show briefly and possibly explain that according to new topics in linguistic and literary sciences, new topics and issues and dimensions can be proposed regarding the language of the Qur'an, which still or always require the necessary lexical attention. It is interpretive and theoretical. The author, with a narrative and rational method, as well as a hermeneutic and interpretive approach, deals with issues and problems and inferred from arguments and evidences. Deals with, and then in two main sections, examines the issues, meanings and different dimensions of the revelation and linguistic decline of the Qur'an verbally, semantically and theoretically, and tries to make the audience think about this by proposing theoretical and interpretive discussions. Conclude that the traditional theory of linguistic revelation, provided it is analyzed, interpreted, correct by default, and new approaches, can be accepted and used to understand new issues and remove new doubts.

Degenerative lumbar canal stenosis (DLS) is a common spinal pathology charac - terized by radicular pain and neurogenic claudication. Sagittal alignment and its indices have been affected in several spinal pathologies and may play a key role in surgical planning and outcome. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess sagittal alignment among patients with DLS compared to healthy individuals.

Sixty patients DLS and 60 healthy volunteers were selected. Pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were obtained in lateral standing X-ray radiographs.

Mean LL was lower in DLS patients (35.3±10.2) compared to normal controls (44.78±12.95), which was statistically significant (P <0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in PI, SVA, and SS between the groups. In patients with DLS, TK was lower, and PT was higher when compared to healthy individuals (P<0.05).

Patients with DLS utilize decreased lordosis of the lumbar spine as a compensatory mechanism to decompress the thecal sac and spinal roots and improve their symptoms. Consequently, these patients recruit compensatory adjustments such as thoracic hyperkyphosis and increased PT to maintain sagittal alignment.

The Safavid rule(907-1135 AH/1502-1722 AD) fell in spite of its initial prosperity and as a result of internal invasion of the Cholzai Afghan in (1135 AH 1722 AD). In this article by explaining and analyzing the characteristics of public trust , and examining the status of public trust and confidence in Safavid Iranian society, an attempt is made to answer the question of whether the economic system of Svafid Iran had the necessary conditions and cultural and social capacities necessary  for sustainable growth and development and even becoming a step in the path of  a capitalist system? Based on this , in this research with descriptive-analytical approach and using the sources and documents of library history and by explaining and analyzing the characteristics of trust, the possibility of sustainable growth and the development of the Iranian economy in the Sfavid period has been studied based on Zetomka’s theory. In this factor study, the findings of this study show that the prevalence of a combination of social and cultural factor such as density, corruption, bribery, hypocrisy, modernism and the lack of risk and the main effective components in reducing trust and social capital in this periods have been considered. The research finding indicates that it can be concluded the economic system of Safavid period in terms of fragile status of low social capital and low social trust and as a result of low social participation, public trust lacks the necessary capacity to keep Iranians in development orbit and continuation of the prosperity and the facilities necessary for sustainable growth and development did not provide.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to various conventional therapies, the medicinal and herbal plants used in different countries should be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These valuable biological resources are a repository of complex active molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans. Rhazya stricta was collected and their species were identified in the botanical laboratory of University of Zabol. To prepare plant extract, 40 g of dried leaves were used in 400 cc of solvent (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic). The various strains of Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from the human nose and identified by biochemical, bacteriological and growth tests as well as standard tests. Antimicrobial effects were investigated by well diffusion method in Müller Hinton agar medium. Statistix ver10 software was used for statistical calculations. Mean comparison was performed using the LSD at the level of one percent and Excel software was also used to draw the shapes. Rhazya stricta extracts had different inhibitory zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ppm dilution (p <0.01). R. stricta ethanolic extract had the greatest effect (average 8.3 mm) on inhibiting the growth of 6 strains of S. aureus. Then aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts with an average of 7 mm were in the next ranks. The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The lowest MIC of R. stricta ethanolic extract against S. aureus samples was 3.1 ppm, which was inhibited by four strains. The lowest MBC was 6.2 ppm. Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Rhazya stricta on Staphylococcus aureus, it is recommended to use ethanol solvent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of R. stricta.

The relationship between rhetoric and poetry has been the subject of experts’ controversy since the beginning of the controversy, and this controversy has continued to this day without reaching a definite conclusion. The root of such controversy lies in Aristotle's two treatises on rhetoric and poetry. In these two treatises, the general boundaries between these two techniques are drawn and their minor boundaries remain invisible.
In this descriptive-analytical method, while examining the commonalities and differences between the two rhetoric and poetry techniques, the present article tries to study the separation of their specific rhetorical techniques based on the two treatises of rhetoric and Aristotle's poetry. This article concludes that the art of rhetoric and the art of poetry, in addition to the commonalities and differences in generalities, components, materials, types, theologians, audiences, and styles, have more to do with the use of rhetorical techniques than the sharing of materials and differences; That is, the working materials of these two techniques
Are generally common, and the purpose of using these materials in them is different.

Criticism of science and essential and practical lessons and literary disciplines. About the science and the principles and theories and different schools in recent decades is suitable books written or translated by. One of the books in 1390, entitled "Principles and classification of literary criticism" by the efforts doctor Mahmoud Fazilat that was first published in publications pilgrims. This article introduces the book to review procedural and substantive books and shows that, unlike in the present book as a good example of that is probably true, research ethics in writing and composing and editing are not met, and the author in reference to a resources and quotation, in most cases does not respect the integrity and commitment does not fit, so book now to get to a textbook or a model of literary criticism is appropriate that the textbook is a long way off, and in need of fundamental revision and rewriting is.

Ghazal (sonnet) is one of the major forms in the Persian Poetry. Still, the foundation, development, and its various types constantly invite and encourage the researchers towards further studies and contemplation.This research initially offers a new definition on poetry and the narrative Ghazal. Then its various types are recognized and divided within two approaches; the formal-structuralism and the contextual-conceptual approach which are the old literary divisions and forms. The other part of the research is devoted to the origin of the Persian Ghazal and the varieties of opinions are discussed.According to the findings of this research which are supported by some of the Persian poems, the origin of the narrative Ghazal can be surveyed with two attitudes; both in lyrical and also the sonneteer's field of approach. Its different types can be divided on the basis of structure (with the three genres including the narrative, the dialogue, and description in mind), and the content (with social, historical, mystical-cognitive, elegy, trip journals, life stories and etc which are among the subdivisions of the structure of narrative).At the end, the positive points and functions of the narrative Ghazal (such as the poetry's cohesive structure, finding the contents easy to understand, making a better communication with the audience, dramatization, and gaining pleasure and joy) have been pointed to.

Jalal Aldin M u hammad Movlavi, the great Sufi in our culture, has discussed many points, one of which is the concept of freedom. Understanding his views and thoughts in this respect familiarizes us with most major lines of Sufi and Muslim thoughts on freedom. This paper categorises Movlana’s thoughts on freedom in to three groups and elaborates on them. First, the paper discusses blocks that Movland has enumerated for achieving freedom. Such blocks include external forces such as destiny and fate as well as internal forces like ignorance, sense, wisdom, imitation and so on. Second, the paper discusses ways of achieving freedom in movland’s view. Such ways include love, obedience, following prophets, death, and so on. Finally, the paper discusses the most importand purposes that he consider for freedom such as relief from agony, love, Cerlainty, and eternality.

In this article, attempts are made to examine Moulana's views concerning the relation between text, the author, the audience and other texts against the contemporary hermeneutics theories. Further, after interpreting the modern theories and matching them with Moulana's poetry in his six versified books, the author presents an account of Moulana's innovations regarding the relation between text and audience. Although this article takes a deconstructive approach to analyzing Moulana's theoretical issues, it does not deal with Moulana's ideas concerning hermeneutics deconstructively. The article, as its immediate implication of the findings, implies the possibility of uncovering many hermeneutic theories in Mathnawi.

Of human being concerns throughout the history, was generational relations, generation difference and conflict which have drawn social reformists’ attention, persistently. Social, political, economic developments and evolution of communities and particularly industrialization, have had tangible impacts on behavioural norms of generations, that, given special requirement of youth, this behavioural difference have been proved in this generation more tangible and obvious. Saadi, during short history and anecdotes, pointing to some of these conflicts and differences, considered it natural and usual, though didn’t seek to address reasons and causes of this divide. Relying on moral teachings, he attempts to invite youth to follow the elders and use of their experiences. Defending social values and traditions, he prefers behavioural patterns of the aged. Subsequently, some Saadi’ advices and his recommendations to the youth and the aged summarized in this essay, and finally the readers will judge to what extent moral teachings belong to past didactic literature might help contemporary generations to repair generational divide.