فهرست مطالب tehrani

Despite the significant progress in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children, it still remains as one of the most challenging malignancies in adults. Identification of new biomarkers may improve the management of adult ALL. Proteins expressed on the cell surface can be considered as disease-associated biomarkers with potential for diagnosis and targeted therapies. Thus, membrane proteome studies give essential information about the disease-related biomarkers.

We applied 2-dimensional blue-native SDS-PAGE technique followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF-mass spectrometry to study the cell membrane proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult B-ALL patients in comparison to that of the healthy controls.

Sixty seven differentially expressed protein spots were detected, among them 52 proteins were found to be up-regulated but the other 15 proteins were downregulated in B-ALL. Five differentially expressed proteins, involved in energy metabolism pathways, were detected in B-ALL patients compared to the healthy control group.

Differentially expressed proteins provide an insight into the molecular biology of B-ALL. Further studies must be done to confirm our data to be considered as potential targets for detection and treatment of B-ALL.

As adolescents constitute around 20% of the total population and near 90% of them are living in developing countries, they need much attention. Moreover, they need to meet their raised nutritional needs because of physiological and sexual growth otherwise, they will susceptible to poor nutritional status. The ultimate goal of the present study was evaluating health literacy and eating habits of adolescent girls before and after a nutrition education program.

The intervention study was implemented on 64 adolescent girls aged between 13-15 years from two governmental girls' high school in Mashhad, Iran. Questionnaires included food frequency, health belief model (HBM), and health literacy (HL) implemented in three stages, before intervention as a pretest, immediately after intervention and two months later for reassessment.

Nutrition education intervention has considerably improved HL and eating habits of adolescent girls. After intervention HL of girls improved from 1.75±1.07 to 4.96±0.96 and their healthy nutritional behavior improved from 1.65±4.92 to 20.62±1.33. After educational interventions, all HBM constructs and awareness of girls increased significantly.

The results of the present study indicated that education based on health belief model positively affected students’ health literacy and nutritional behaviors.

Due to their sensitivity to impact-induced delamination, woven fabric reinforced polymer composites have limited practical applications. Hybridization of polymer composites has been proposed as a solution to this problem. In this study, the effects of fiber reinforcement type, hybridization method, plies stacking sequence and loading rate on mode I delamination behavior of pure basalt, pure nylon, inter-ply and intra-ply hybrid (basalt/nylon) composites were investigated. Composites were length during its propagation in composite samples was measured by mode I delamination test. The inter-laminar fracture toughness of composite specimens was calculated using modified double-cantilever beam theory and the results were compared by statistical methods. A 30 to 80% improvement in the critical fracture toughness of intra-ply hybrid composite compared to pure ones was recorded. Moreover, the delamination initiation load decreased significantly by increasing the loading rate.

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common problems in diabetic patients. The increased risk of Diabetic Foot Ulceration (DFU) and amputation would be a complication of diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to compare the DFU healing in different severity classification of neuropathy.

This is a retrospective study that was conducted over a two-year period from April 2016 to March 2018 according to the information of patients records with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) referred to clinic of diabetes and metabolic disorders of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Wound healing criteria including area, depth and healing duration were studied. Accordingly, changes in the area and depth of wounds were evaluated and reported during the first, third and sixth months after baseline. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software version 16.

The results of the study of patients with neuropathic ulcer showed that males and age group of 56 to 65 years had the highest frequencies. In addition, most of these patients suffered from type 2 DM (79%). The rate of wound healing, which was measured by area and depth of wound in three time periods, differed in different severity classification of neuropathy; at mild level of neuropathy the area and depth of wound decreased faster but in severe neuropathy, duration of wound healing in both mentioned criteria has increased. Regarding to the increase in the duration of DM, the healing time increased too. However the rate of wound healing decreased with increased age (p-value = 0.001).

Evidence suggests that early identification of neuropathy can reduce the incidence of DFU and amputation. Due to the slow healing of the size and depth of the wound in diabetic patients with severe neuropathy, it is necessary to prevent DFU by conducting preventive care and educational interventions.

In this study, an indirect method is proposed based on the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method for solving optimal control problems governed by Burgers’ equation. Pseudo-spectral methods are one of the most accurate methods for solving nonlinear continuous-time problems, specially optimal control problems. By using optimality conditions, the original optimal control problem is first reduced to a system of partial differential equations with boundary conditions. Control and state functions are then approximated by interpolating polynomials. The convergence is analyzed, and some numerical examples are solved to show the efficiency and capability of the method.

Avian Influenza (AI) H9N2 is endemic in Iran; therefore, it is necessary to estimate the disease prevalence among birds in live bird markets (LBMs) and assess the risk spread across the country. Accordingly, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of AI subtypes in LBMs, bird gardens, and zoos during October and November 2015 in Iran and investigate the associated risk factors. Data related to independent variables for birds and premises were collected using a prepared questionnaire which included items about previously known potential risk factors associated with avian influenza infection. Serological testing was carried out to detect the antibodies against H5, H7, and H9. Regarding H5 and H7, the antigens H5N2 and H7N1 were used in this study. Positive samples on the first test were examined with the second antigens, namely H5N1 and H7N7. Moreover, sera with titers ≥4 (i.e. log2) were considered positive and premises with at least one positive bird were considered as positive units. In total, 87 premises were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum samples were examined utilizing hemagglutination inhibition, and RT-PCR was conducted on swab samples. Regarding the molecular test, the RNA was extracted using the High Pure Viral RNA Kit (Roche, Germany). In addition, real-time RT-PCR was conducted based on the described method. The seroprevalence rates of H9N2 were 83.9% and 31.8% at the premises and bird levels, respectively. Totally, 9.2% of pooled swab samples were positive for H9N2. However, all sera and swab samples were negative for H5 and H7. Hot and humid weather (OR=0.13, 95% CI 0.02 – 0.78) as well as bird-keeping condition (i.e., enclosed area) (OR=0.11, 95% CI 0.012 – 1.02) were protective factors for H9N2. High seroprevalence rate of H9 indicates that the disease is endemic in Iranian LBMs. Active surveillance must be carried out in LBMs, especially in the northern provinces of Iran. In addition, cleanliness and improved hygiene would be useful to prevent the spread of disease in LBMs.

The Bidouiyeh protected area with 155383 ha and maximum altitude of 2734 meter above sea level, is located in 45 km SE Kerman. Floristic study of this region showed that 125 plant species, 102 genera and 32 families of vascular plants grow wild in this region. Most species-rich plant families are Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae, and most species rich genera are Astragalus, Nepeta, Euphorbia, Tamarix and Salsola. Most of the species in this region are in form of therophytes (41%) and hemicryptophytes (26%), and most of the species (75%) belong to Irano-Turanian floristic region. Multivariate analysis of floristic data showed three major groups of local floras, in which the floristic affinities between regions showed affinities to geographic distances.

As the largest and most complete providers of primary healthcare services, employees of the emergency departments are constantly faced with not predetermined risks and stresses, which can often disturb their peace, and reduce their quality of lives. Therefore, this study aimed to recognize the factors affecting the quality of life of the emergency department staff (i.e., physicians, nurses, and emergency medicine specialist) of hospital in Isfahan Province, Iran, in year 2016. This descriptive and analytical study was conducted using the census method, and employed the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire to evaluate and detect the factors affecting the quality of life of 584 employees working in the emergency departments. Data analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and multiple regressions tests. The mean quality of life score was 81.31 ± 16.25 for nurses, whereas it was 85.91 ± 15.05 and 90.15 ± 17.76 for physicians and emergency medicine specialists, respectively, with a significant difference (P = 0.030). In this regard, factors with significant impact on the quality of life of all the emergency department staff were reported to be age below 30 years (P = 0.010), workplace (P = 0.002), and warm climate (P = 0.040). Due to the sharp decrease in the quality of life of nurses in the emergency departments of hospitals in Isfahan Province, healthcare authorities must recognize the factors which threaten and decrease the quality of life in order to improve the quality of life and eliminate related barriers among the employees of the emergency departments, especially the nurses.

Acromegaly is a rare disorder resulting from benign growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas in 90% of the cases. In recent years, many researchers have studied the Ki-67 index level of pituitary tumors and its relationship with demographics, biochemical parameters, clinical behavior, and recurrence rate. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of Ki-67 index level with clinicoradiological and endocrinological parameters in confirmed GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, as well as with the surgical response and medical treatment after surgery. We collected the medical and pathologic records of 49 patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma who underwent surgeries from 2008 to 2017 in Shariati hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. According to MRI reports, 94% of the tumors were macroadenomas. The MRI findings also revealed the median maximal adenoma diameter of 18.5 mm. About 40% of the patients achieved remission three months after the surgery. Younger patients had a significantly higher Ki-67 index level (P = 0.036). We did not observe any significant difference in the Ki-67 index level regarding gender, tumor type, maximal tumor diameter, tumor invasiveness, tumor secretory type, and remission. Interestingly, the Ki-67 index level was negatively correlated with the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level at the last follow-up (P = 0.02). In logistic regression analysis, patients with higher preoperative GH serum levels had a better outcome. Our results indicated a negative correlation between age and Ki-67 index level. However, there was no association between the Ki-67 index level and some tumor behaviors, as well as short- and long-term remission.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of adverse experiences in childhood experiences (relational ACEs) in family and school settings, among university students, and investigate how they affect the students’ negative health outcomes including depression, anxiety, suicidal attitude, lifetime serious suicidal thought (LSST). In this study, 524 students aged 18-28 years were selected via multi-level sampling, from disciplines of humanities, engineering, and basic sciences at University of Tehran. Ethical considerations were approved by Ethical Committee of University of Tehran. HADS (≥8) for depression and anxiety, a researcher-made questionnaire for relational ACEs, and two single-questions for suicidal attitude and LSST, were employed. Analyzes were conducted using Exact Fisher’s test and binary logistic regression (univariate and multiple). 487 participants (59.2% females) with mean age of 20.66±1.42 were analyzed. Depression with 43.6% and anxiety with 69.6% were reported. Suicidal attitude with 39.8% and LSST with 37.9% were reported, both of which were significantly higher among females. Affected outcomes mainly included anxiety and suicide variables. Major influential relational ACEs included emotional abuse (mostly on anxiety, odds=2.21,95%CI=1.40-3.35), lack of love (mostly on anxiety, odds=2.01, 95%CI=1.22-3.31), neglect (mostly on anxiety, odds=1.93,95%CI=1.19-314; and LSST, odds=1.93, 95%CI=1.24-2.94), divorce/separation (mostly on suicidal attitude, odds=2.23, 95%CI=1.04-4.79), peer victimization (mostly on anxiety, odds=1.60,95%CI=0.95-2.69, P<0.10), and physical (mostly on suicidal attitude, odds=1.78,95%CI=1.07-2.97) and non-physical (mostly on anxiety, odds=2.61, 95%CI=1.39-4.88) sexual abuse. Female gender contributed to the increased impact of relational ACEs on the outcomes. Findings emphasized a need for longitudinal and epidemiological studies in the country. Further investigation on social-environmental determinants contributing to development of ACEs and maintaining the consequences are recommnded.

We have recently produced an inhibitory mouse anti-human HER2 mAb (2A8) which displayed potent anti-tumor activity in combination with trastuzumab. To describe chimerization and functional characterization of 2A8 mAb. The VH and VL genes of 2A8 mAb were amplified from cDNA of the mouse hybridoma, ligated to constant regions of human immunoglobulin, and expressed in CHO cell line. Reactivity with four members of human HER family, the inhibitory effects and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) of purified chimeric mAb (c2A8) were assessed by ELISA, XTT, H3-tymidine incorporation and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Inhibition of ERK and AKT downstream signaling pathways by the chimeric antibody were analyzed by Western blotting. Chimeric 2A8 mAb bound to recombinant human HER2 and did not cross-react with the other members of HER family. Moreover, c2A8 was able to recognize HER2-overexpressing cancer cell line and inhibited growth and proliferation of these cells. The binding affinity of c2A8 was comparable to the mouse parental mAb. ADCC and Western blotting results showed that the mouse 2A8 mAb was successfully chimerized and could significantly inhibit phosphorylation of AKT in combination with trastuzumab. The c2A8 mAb is potentially a valuable tool for targeted immunotherapy of HER2 positive cancers.

Groundwater is considered as one of the main sources of drinking water supply and agriculture, especially in the north of Iran.Also, increasing the distance of supply and demand will inevitably pay attention to the principles of optimal water allocation and this make necessary the management of water supply and demand.Therefore, recognizing the important factors of recharge and discharge of groundwater is one of the fundamental factors in the proper management of comprehensive water resources, including agricultural sector. In this research, the simulation model and allocation management model were used in the Talar basin basin, Mazandaran province. At first, the groundwater of study area was simulated using the MODFLOW, and then the information from the groundwater model was transferred to the WEAP model for water allocation in the study area. In order to plan and manage the study area in the modeling environment, different scenarios were applied and its impact was investigated on the supply and demand status and changes in groundwater storage and water table. The results of MODFLOW calibration showed that there is a good correlation between observed and simulated water level so that the RMSE for steady and non-steady flows was 0.336 and 0.49, respectively. Also, the results of the WEAP model based on the drought scenario showed that the area with will face to decrease of 10 million cubic meters in reservoir volume, which water resources condition will be more critical. The results showed that by combining the groundwater model and integrated water resource management model, more reliable results would be obtained in the studied plain.

The design of Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) as efficient targeting agents for tumor cell is still in its infancy for clinical applications. This approach incorporates the antibody specificity and cell killing activity of chemically conjugated cytotoxic agents. Antibody in ADC structure acts as a targeting agent and a nanoscale carrier to deliver a therapeutic dose of cytotoxic cargo into desired tumor cells. Early ADCs encountered major obstacles including, low blood residency time, low penetration capacity to tumor microenvironment, low payload potency, immunogenicity, unusual off-target toxicity, drug resistance, and the lack of stable linkage in blood circulation. Although extensive studies have been conducted to overcome these issues, the ADCs based therapies are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. This review outlines the key characteristics of ADCs including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a tumor-associated glycoprotein with enzymatic activity which is secreted by the prostate gland. Following entry to the blood, 70-90% of PSA forms complexes with protease inhibitors and its enzymatic activity is inhibited. The serum level of PSA is increased and the rate of free PSA (fPSA) to total PSA is decreased in prostate cancer patients. Therefore, measurement of PSA and fPSA in serum is very valuable for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. In the present study, five anti PSA monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) were characterized by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. For designing a sandwich ELISA, epitope specificity of these antibodies was studied by a competition ELISA. Free PSA was purified by electroelution technique from seminal plasma and used to produce polyclonal anti-fPSA antibody in rabbit. Purified polyclonal antibody (pAb) and mAbs were conjugated with HRP enzyme and Biotin (Bio) to set up the sandwich ELISA. Three of the mAbs were found to recognize PSA similarly. One of these mAbs (2G3) was paired with anti-fPSA pAb to detect fPSA in serum. Eventually, serum fPSA concentration of 356 subjects was measured and compared by our designed ELISA and a commercial ELISA kit. Our results demonstrated a significant correlation (r=0.68; p<0.001) between the two assays. Sensitivity and specificity of our designed ELISA was 72.4 and 82.8%, respectively. These results imply suitability of our designed ELISA for detection of fPSA in patients with prostate cancer.

Synthetic jet is a novel means for various industrial applications and has received a lot of attention by researchers because of its small size and zero-net mass flux (ZNMF) characteristic. The aim of the present study is to investigate the flow field of the synthetic jet in the presence of the crossflow in order to gain a better understanding of the flow mechanism and also assessing high Reynolds turbulence models. For this purpose, three high Reynolds turbulence models (Realizable k-ε(RKE), RNG k-ε(RNG) and Standard k-ε(SKE)) are applied. The results show that contrary to Standard k-ε and Realizable k-ε turbulence model, RNG k-ε model is capable of capturing the vortical structures generated in the flow field. Furthermore, comparison of the normalized instantaneous velocity magnitude at the orifice exit confirmed that unlike the standard model, RNG and RKE showed a better prediction of relative maximum and minimum peaks in the suction cycle.

Among the many pneumococcal antigens, choline-binding proteins (CPBs) display high immunogenicity in animal models. This study aims to determine the immunogenicity of CbpM, CbpG and CbpL proteins in a mice model. The genes were cloned into pET21a expression vector and the recombinant proteins were produced. Mice and rabbits were immunized with the purified recombinant proteins. Subsequently, the mice were challenged with S. pneumoniae and their survival as well as bacterial clearances were followed. The antibody responses of the mice immunized with recombinant proteins were determined by ELISA assay. The opsonophagocytosis assay was performed using rabbit’s sera. Passive immunization was also carried out in another group of mice using two doses of anti-CbPs antibodies. Finally, these mice were challenged and their survival as well as bacterial clearance were determined. The mice actively immunized with CbpM, CbpG and CbpL recombinant proteins showed survival rate of 100%, 85% and 75%, respectively. The survival rates among passively immunized mice groups which received100µg/ml dose of anti-CbpM, anti-CbpG and anti- CbpL were 50%, 50% and 25%, respectively. For all groups, however, only 25% of mice which received 10µg/ml dose of antibody survived after bacterial challenge. The rates of opsonization with anti-CbpM, anti-CbpG, and anti-CbpL antibodies at 100 and 10µg/ml doses, were found to be 45.6 and 14.7%, 82.3 and 12.9% and 12.2 and 9.35%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the recombinant proteins particularly CbpM and CbpG can protect the mice against pneumococcus19F serotype and effectively induce a protective antibody response. Thus, CbpG and CbpM proteins might be used as suitable vaccine candidate in pneumococcal vaccine formulations.

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of avian influenzaH9N2 subtype in the industrial ostrich farms and its geographical distribution. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2015. A total of 40 farms were selected from different provinces of Iran, from each of which 11 ostriches (n=440) were sampled. The sera samples were examined using 4 hemagglutination units of H9N2 antigens. A frequency distribution was used to describe the responses to the survey questions. The mean titers between provinces were compared using one-way analysis of variance. According to the results, 21 (47.5%) out of 40 farms and 108 (24.5%) out of 440 ostriches tested positive in the HI-H9N2 test. There were statistically significant differences between the mean titers of samples in different provinces (P<0.001). The current study was conducted on unvaccinated ostriches. The results showed that H9N2 had a high seroprevalence at both farm and bird levels. The findings of this study can be for the further investigation of infection in ostrich farms in order to consider this species in the surveillance programs of the Iranian Veterinary Organization. The detection and isolation of viruses and epidemiological investigation are necessary for the persistent use of H9N2 vaccines in some ostrich farms.

Some of studies suggest that hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and calcium Infusion may be beneficial for women with a high risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous infusion of calcium or hydroxyethyl starch in preventing OHSS in high-risk women. This clinical trial study was carried out on 100 women considered at risk of developing OHSS were divided in two equal groups. The first group received 10 mg of 10% calcium gluconate in 100 mg normal saline within 2 hours, and the dose was repeated at the third day of oocyte retrieval. In the second group, in a time of oocyte retrieval, 500 cc hydroxyethyl starch was administered by infusion, and it was repeated at second and third days of oocyte removal. Finally, incidence and intensity of OHSS was measured and compared between the two groups. Findings: OHSS was found in 21 patients (42%) in each group; but intensity of OHSS in hydroxyethyl starch group was higher (P = 0.024). There was no sever OHSS in calcium group, whereas in hydroxyethyl starch group, 3 patients (14%) had sever form OHSS. Calcium or hydroxyethyl starch infusion strategies were both effective in preventing OHSS, but the intensity of OHSS in calcium infusion was lower. Therefore, probably calcium infusion is a better novel therapy that may be used effectively in prevention of OHSS

Transport pipes have been widely used for their several advantages including their cost-effectiveness and simplicity of installation. These pipes are constantly in contact with the flowing fluid and therefore pipe’s material properties may degrade due to the diffusion of the fluid into the material system. These conditions are exacerbated as a result of high pressure and temperature of the transported fluid. Therefore, to simulate the behaviour of such pipes, three interactive phenomena of mechanical stress, heat transfer and mass diffusion need to be investigated. This study considers the three mechanisms simultaneously and provides an analytical solution to the corresponding coupled governing equations. The results of this work are in good agreement with the results of double coupled physics available in the literature and therefore can be used to predict the material behaviour under complicated environmental conditions.

Identifying, comparing, and ranking the likely weaknesses and strengths with relational-emotional skills of hotel employees could be regarded as an intelligent competitive method that paves the ground effectively for developing such skills. The present investigation aims to rank three hotel groups based on their employees’ enthno-cultural skills with guests. To this end, Espinas (two hotels), Parsian (three hotels), and Aria (three hotels) hotel groups were chosen and in order to gather data, self-reported questionnaires were applied. Methodologically, to rank these three hotel groups, an amalgam of Fuzzy, analytical hierarchical process, and structural equation modeling was applied. The results show that the expert samples place more emphasis on Empathic feeling and expression, Empathic perspective taking, Acceptance of cultural differences, and Empathic awareness, respectively. Also, in terms of ethno-cultural skills, Espinas, Aria, and Parsian were ranked, respectively with the final coefficients of 0.3455, 0.3285, and 0.3260. So, it could be argued that there is a slight difference among these three groups when ethno-cultural skills are taken into consideration. It seems this study is the first one of its kind that has ranked hotels based on employees’ such skills.

Aims: The use of immune stimulants to prevent diseases and increase the resistance of aquatic animals to stress has been rising. The aim of the present study was examining the histopathology and immunology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with Levamisole.
In this experimental research, 1000 fish were divided in 5 treatments and fed on diet supplemented with levamisole at 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg-1 diet for 45 days. Then, the fish were fed on a diet without levamisole and increased density twice for the following 15 days. Blood samples were collected from all treatments on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 to evaluate the total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum. At the end of the trial, 15 fish from each treatment (each replicate 5 fish) were randomly selected and tissue samples of gill, kidney, and liver were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software, using one way ANOVA and Duncan test.
Findings: Treatment fed with 1000mg levamisole on day 30 and 60 had the highest total serum immunoglobulin and had the highest lysozyme activity in comparison to other treatments on 15, 30, and 60 days. The least amount of tissue damage was observed in gills, kidneys, and liver in 1000mg levamisole.
A total of 1000mg/kg-1 levamisole of rainbow trout diet causes the least amount of damage to the gill, kidneys, and liver tissues, as well as the increase of total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity of serum.

Industrial and municipal wastewater often contains metal ions that once they are in excess of permitted limit they can be harmful to humans and aquatic animals’ health. Zinc is one of the pollutants which damages the aquatic environment and endangers the health of humans, animals and plants. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) with high surface area along with natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and iron oxide nanoparticles are used as M-HNT /GO magnetic nanocomposite for the removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, magnetic halloysite nanotube/ graphene oxide nanocomposite (M- HNT/GO) was synthesized and then used as a nano-adsorbent for zinc removal from aqueous solutions. The M-HNT/GO nanocomposite was investigated and identified by using FT-IR, XRD and SEM methods. Vibrating sample magnetometer technique (VSM) was used to measure magnetic properties. The effect of different parameters such as pH, initial concentration of metal, temperature, stirring speed, adsorbent dosage and contact time on zinc removal by M- HNT/GO were investigated and optimum values were determined. Then, efficiency of fabricated nano-adsorbent was studied for removal of zinc ions from real sample. Optimal conditions for zinc ions removal were found at pH 6, the contact time of 90 minutes, the ion concentration of 2ppm, the GO to HNT and Fe3O4 ratio of 1: 1: 10 respectively, the buckling speed 250 rpm, the amount of adsorbent 005 g and the temperature of 25 ° C. The study of adsorption isotherms indicated the best fitting of experimental data with Fredlichl isotherm model. To describe kinetic data, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models were used. Dynamic data for zinc metal was adapted to pseudo second order kinetics model. The results showed that synthesized nano-adsorbents could be used with 95.2% ± 0.41% for zinc removal from wastewater contaminants. Furthermore, the M- HNT/GO nano-adsorbents can be recycled and reused frequently.

Soil maps are the major source of information for land management, natural resources, and environment. Soil salinity is one of the most important factors limiting crop production in Sistan plain. In this research, geostatistical and random forest methods were compared to produce soil salinity maps. Preparation of accurate maps for soil salinity conditions is of great help in proper management of lands in this area. For this purpose, 460 composite soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm depth in 41000 ha of Zahak region of Sistan plain, using 750 m grid network. Then, the electrical conductivity of saturation paste was measured. Afterwards, 361 samples were used for training and 99 for testing. In the geostatistical model, different semi-variogram including circular, spherical, exponential, and Gaussian and different interpolation methods including inverse distance weighting, ordinary kriging, simple kriging, universal kriging and co-kriging were fitted and the best models were selected. In random forest model, digital soil mapping technique was used and environmental covariates were derived from digital elevation model (DEM) map and A Landsat 8 ETM image. The results of geostatistical method showed that soil salinity had a medium spatial correlation in the study area and the best semi-variogram and interpolation model were spherical and ordinary kriging, respectively. In random forest model, aspect, NDVI, and NDSI were the most important covariate in predicting soil salinity. The results Root Mean Square Error and Mean Error for the training and testing data showed that random forest method was slightly better than geostatistics. The use of other covariates such as land use and soil series maps can increase accuracy of the maps based on random forest methods, thereby improving decision-making. Using other environmental covariates that were not used in this study such as land unit and soil series map can also improve the accuracy of the map.

This paper surveys the Fifth Development Plan Act as a case study on post-revolutionary development plan that have been ratified during the 20-year Perspective Document of Islamic Republic of Iran.
With respect to the progressive justice-oriented approach of Iranian-Islamic patterns in all economic, cultural, social, and political aspects, whether lawmaking process of the Fifth Development Plan have been based upon the Islamic values or not. Is its legislative process have been complied with goals of the Islamic government?
It can be drawn inference from the data that 61 goals have been considered in the fifth development plan as well as a wide range of policies and measures have been taken in order to achieve these goals.
It is noteworthy that governments have been mostly addressed to implement provisions of the fifth development plan Act as well as they have merely played major roles in governance. But in this regard, ultimate and distinctive goal of Islamic government is realization of the right to development of individuals that particularly in economic area, following goals such as justice, security and welfare-oriented objectives are feasible.
Although the necessity of having considerable expertise in implementing the fifth development plan is inevitably underscored, the findings indicate that economic objectives of the fifth development plan are partly consistent with the Islamic government’s goals.
Also the existence of certain problems such as multiplicity of goals as well as lack of integrated objectives, lack of period, generalization, interpretable objectives, failure to provide supporting documents, lack of expert analyses about how to set goals and an explicit system of incentives and disincentives waver over implementing the plan.

AI H9N2 subtype is endemic in Iran and every year causing huge losses to the poultry industry of the country. Backyard poultry could spread the virus to commercial poultry as reservoirs and vectors of AI viruses. Identify areas of high risk for the disease using spatial analyzes can be effective in prevention and control programs. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design from September to December in 2014 and 2015. Sampling was taken from backyard poultry of villages that registered in Iranian veterinary organization database (GIS). All samples were examined using HI-H9N2 test according to the IVO protocol. In 2014 a total of 397 villages and 11546 birds were sampled. 341 (86%) villages and 4517 (39%) birds were positive on the HI test. In 2015 a total of 329 villages and 8901 birds were sampled. 286 (86.9%) villages and 2771 (31.1%) birds were positive on the HI test. The results of this study indicate that the village level prevalence is high but bird level prevalence is low. Given that, there are spatial database in IVO (GIS) and all diseases data including avian influenza surveillance data are recording in this system, spatial analysis capabilities can be used to identify high risk areas of disease occurrence, and based on these findings, the planning should be done to control the disease in the country.