zahra salehi

The increasing recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA) poses significant risks to human health, including reports of fatal renal failure due to its adverse renal effects. While MDMA-induced renal toxicity might result from systemic effects, there is also substantial evidence of direct harm to renal tissues by MDMA or its metabolites. The precise mechanisms underlying renal toxicity remain unclear. This study explored the impact of a single intraperitoneal dose of MDMA (20 mg/kg) on rat kidneys. Serum BUN and creatinine levels were evaluated to assess renal function, while TNF-α and TGF-β protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2 were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, apoptosis and histopathological changes in renal tissue were examined. Results showed a transient increase in serum BUN and creatinine in MDMA-treated rats. There were decreases in TNF-α and TGF-β levels in the renal tissue. Both pro-apoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-xl gene expressions were significantly reduced, whereas Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis did not show significant changes. No structural alterations were observed in the renal tissues. Overall, this study suggests that the renal adverse effects of MDMA may be mediated through the disruption of cytokine pathways, with notable reductions in TGF-β possibly linked to decreased TNF-α levels.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is among the most common cardiovascular disorders, where proper dietary habits play a pivotal role in its prevention and management. Dietary adherence in ACS patients is critical in mitigating disease complications and reducing the likelihood of re-hospitalization.

This study aimed to assess the impact of a family-focused self-care program involving home visits on the dietary adherence of ACS patients discharged in 1400.

In this semi-experimental study conducted between 2021 and 2022, a total of 72 individuals diagnosed with ACS were  randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group, with 36 participants in each. While the control group received routine care, the intervention group participated in a family-centered self-care program. Data were gathered using a demographic profile questionnaire and a diet adherence assessment tool. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing both descriptive and inferential methods, with the significance threshold set at P<0.05. 

This quasi-experimental study, conducted between 2021 and 2022, involved 72 participants diagnosed with ACS, who were randomly allocated into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with 36 individuals in each. The control group received standard care, whereas the experimental group participated in a family-centered self-care program. Data collection was carried out using a demographic information questionnaire and a dietary adherence assessment tool. Statistical analysis, encompassing both descriptive and inferential methods, was performed using SPSS software, with the threshold for statistical significance established at P<0.05.

A family-centered self-care approach has proven effective in improving dietary adherence among patients with acute coronary syndrome. Consequently, integrating this educational strategy into care plans, both within medical facilities and home settings, is recommended as a valuable non-pharmacological intervention to enhance the quality of life for individuals with ACS.

The purpose of this study was to explain the effectiveness of attribution training on self-esteem, resilience and achievement emotions of students. The present study was a pilot study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all high school female students of Arak city who were studying during the school year 2022-2023. From this society, 30 students were selected by cluster sampling and pre-test was performed. From this sample, 15 students in the experimental group and 15 students in the control group were randomly lost. Then the training sessions were applied to the test group. Then, from both groups, the post-test was performed. The instruments used in this study were Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (2002). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results showed significant improvement in self-esteem scores, resiliency and achievement emotional of the group as compared with the control group. Therefore, teaching documents can be used to help students improve their academic performance.

The conflict between conventional medicine and traditional medicine is an issue worldwide. Various factors contribute to this dissent. In our study, we have explained that there are several denunciations about traditional medicine mentioned by proponents of conventional medicine. A search of important databases utilized related keywords to describe this purpose. Furthermore, the main Persian medicine resources were reviewed. Some critiques are because of a knowledge gap between ontology and epistemology of complementary medical approaches and conventional medicine. The other issue is the inadequate self-presentation of traditional medicine modalities to unwrap its obscure points for contemporary paradigm advocates to promote its points of strength. Traditional and conventional medicine share many abilities, but they cannot address all healthcare requirements alone. If we delineate medicine as a distinct system, it is a knowledge-based art for palliating physical and mental pains, and the traditional/conventional classification of medicine and separating these two schools is the first terrible impediment. It is believed by many that personalized medicine improves the management of patients. To achieve medicine's true objective - preserving and restoring health - we should move towards integrative medicine and validate patients' priorities and human values. The objective of this viewpoint is to enhance health awareness in both academia and the public sphere.

E-leadership has become the norm as remote working tools have become relatively accessible and inexpensive for organizations, which has increased the capabilities of remote working. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of e-leaders in the sports industry. In the nature of the study, the researchers adopted an interpretive paradigm to answer the research questions. The target population for this study was managers who had at least one year of virtual leadership experience in their sports organizations within the geographical boundaries of Iran. As a result, after conducting 12 interviews, three more interviews were conducted to ensure data saturation. Finally, 15 managers in the sports field participated and were interviewed as participants in this study. The data collection tool was interviews. An inductive method was considered for data analysis and theme generation. To determine the reliability of the data, the criteria of Guba and Lincoln (1994) including validity, transferability, confirmability, and reliability were used. The main themes obtained from the interviews were as follows; Knowledge sharing, motivation, need for humanization, ease of access, skill improvement. In line with the data set, e-leaders need to bring the human element back into their interpersonal relationships as a means to ensure greater connection, and motivation among their virtual teams. In addition to being aware of the specific problems that virtual teams may face, such as limited exposure to knowledge sharing and learning opportunities, reduced motivation, and reduced communication, leaders need to examine the unique challenges they face as an e-leader.

This study aimed to develop a psychological well-being model based on basic psychological needs, with self-acceptance and goal self-concordance as mediating factors among university students in Tehran.  This study was applied in purpose and employed a descriptive-correlational design for data collection. The statistical population comprised male and female university students in Tehran in 2022. A total of 430 students participated in the study through convenience sampling and an online survey. Data were collected using the Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (Guardia et al., 2000), the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001), the Goal Self-Concordance Questionnaire (Elliott & Sheldon, 1998), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (2002). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data in SPSS and LISREL software.  The findings indicated that basic psychological needs had a direct and significant effect on psychological well-being. Additionally, self-acceptance had both direct and indirect significant effects on psychological well-being, acting as a mediating variable. Goal self-concordance also had a direct effect on psychological well-being.  These findings suggest that basic psychological needs influence students' psychological well-being both directly and indirectly through self-acceptance and goal self-concordance. Future research should explore the long-term effects of satisfying basic psychological needs on other mental health variables over an extended period.

Herbal medicines have recently been incorporated into the treatment algorithm for functional dyspepsia (FD). Persian-FACT, a traditional herbal medicine compound, has been used for centuries in Persian medicine to alleviate dyspeptic symptoms. This compound includes anise, fennel, ajwain, and cumin seeds.

To investigate the efficacy of Persian-FACT as a therapeutic agent for FD.

We conducted an add-on, single-center, double-arm, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial at the Imam-Reza Clinic, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran, in 2022. Adults aged 18 to 65 years with a confirmed diagnosis of FD, as referred by a gastroenterologist, were included in the study. After block randomization, participants received sachets containing either Persian-FACT or a placebo (oat) to be taken twice daily for two weeks. The severity of dyspepsia, postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) (PPI) was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and the Rome IV questionnaire every week.

Thirty-two patients in the Persian-FACT group and twenty-three in the placebo group completed all visits. According to the results of the GEE analysis, the severity of dyspepsia symptoms in the Persian-FACT group was significantly lower than in the placebo group after the intervention (P-value = 0.019). Patients with EPS showed significant improvement from the first week, and those with PDS showed significant improvement after two weeks in the Persian-FACT group compared to the placebo group (P-value = 0.001 vs. P-value = 0.028). Additionally, constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, postprandial fullness, and bloating were significantly reduced with Persian-FACT.

Persian-FACT appears to be effective in improving dyspepsia symptoms.

The environmentally friendly method of green nanoparticle production has garnered significant interest because of its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this study, in addition to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of the Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech. f. (SLL@AgNPs) and the morphological study of the SLL@AgNPs, the antibacterial properties of the SLL@AgNPs were compared with the extract of the S. leptoclada plant and silver nanoparticles alone.

In this experimental investigation, the features of SLL@AgNPs synthesized via a green method were analyzed using various techniques, including spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ultimately, the antibacterial properties were assessed through the broth micro-dilution method.

DLS and zeta potential showed the formation of SLL@AgNPs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 130 nm and a surface charge of -38.82 mV, respectively. XRD and TEM analysis also confirmed the formation of pure silver nanoparticles with spherical and elliptical morphology with an average diameter of 20-30. The SLL@AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.039, 0.078, 0.039, 0.078, and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. These findings indicate that SLL@AgNPs significantly enhanced the antibacterial properties of the S. leptoclada plant.

As evidenced by the obtained results, S. leptoclada plant extract significantly increased the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. This research demonstrated the potential of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of S. leptoclada extract with significant antibacterial effects for various biomedical applications.

The significance of the microbiota as an ecosystem in our bodies has been well established. Recent studies have reported the presence of bacteria in the blood of healthy individuals. Our study aims to characterize the bacterial microbiota in human blood through 16S rRNA region sequencing. This study highlights the importance of method selection by focusing on the strains cultured in growth media.

This descriptive study collected 50 blood samples from healthy volunteers, following previous research protocols. In this study, a healthy individual is defined as someone who meets the following criteria: absence of chronic diseases or active infections. Blood samples were cultured in the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth medium under controlled conditions. DNA was extracted from the resulting colonies. The 16S rRNA region was amplified, and amplicons were sequenced in both directions.

Five out of fifty (10%) blood samples exhibited bacterial growth. All samples with bacterial growth were from females aged 25-43 years. BLAST analysis of the bacterial isolates revealed Staphylococcus epidermidis was identified in two samples with similarity percentages of 97.7% and 97.78%, respectively. Staphylococcus hominis was detected in one sample with a similarity of 99.05%. Additionally, a Bacillus species was found in one sample with a similarity of 98.62%, and Bacillus subtilis was identified in one sample with a similarity of 91.28%. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test did not reveal a significant relationship between age and the isolated bacterial strains
(P-value > 0.05).

It seems that this species identification method can be used for diagnosis purposes. It recommends further research

Maldistribution of physicians in different areas has detrimental impacts on people's access to health services. The distribution of physicians in different regions are influenced by various factors. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of identifying factors and components affecting the geographical distribution of physicians in different countries.

A scoping review based on the framework of Arkesy and O'Malley was conducted using keywords related to distribution and physicians in five English and Persian databases (Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, SID) between 2000 and 2023. The original and review articles in English and Persian were included in the study. First, the studies were screened based on the title and abstract, and in the next step, the full text of the articles was reviewed. Finally, data were extracted using a self-designed checklist. The identified factors were analyzed using thematic analysis.

After removing duplicates, 122 were identified. Of these 50 articles were reviewed. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were included in the final analysis. The included studies were conducted in different countries. In the analysis of the components and factors affecting the dispersion and distribution of physicians, five main themes emerged including demographic and geographic factors, personal and professional characteristics of the physicians, social, economic and political factors, factors related to the health system and social and cultural factors.

The findings showed that the unequal distribution of physicians is a global problem and most countries were struggling such a problem. The findings showed that the distribution of physicians is influenced by many factors that must be taken into consideration by policy makers and managers. They should develop and design policies and interventions for equitable distribution of physicians.

Nerolidol (NER) is a sesquiterpene alcohol with various biological ‎and pharmacological activities, especially antitumor effects against different cancer models. The ‎anticancer properties of NER‎ are reportedly mediated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, ‎and DNA damage. Nevertheless, this compound has low solubility, poor bioavailability, and fast ‎hepatic metabolism, which could be overcome by designing proper nanoformulation scenarios. ‎

This review focuses on the anticancer effect of NER ‎against multiple cancers to highlight the ‎promising features of NER as an applicable anticancer agent.‎

A collection of papers based on the ‘cancer’ and ‘NER’ MeSH terms was ‎chosen from NCBI/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to synthesize the current review. ‎

NER was found to act as an adjuvant with contemporary chemotherapy that enhanced the ‎efficacy of chemotherapy drugs on various cancer cells, including osteosarcoma, gastrointestinal, gynecological, breast, ‎skin, blood, liver, and head and neck cancers. ‎

NER is an effective antitumor compound against different types of cancers, ‎and its inclusion in the current chemotherapy regimen could improve cancer therapy. Because ‎of low solubility, NER ‎nanoformulation can improve its bioavailability and ‎related  cancer treatment. ‎

The immune system plays a vital role in affording protection for the body against a wide variety of diseases and infections. On occasion, the system malfunctions and attacks intact cells, tissues, and organs influencing any part of the body, tapering off bodily function, and leading to life-threatening. multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammatory demyelination with a diverse range of urologic indications. To extract the overlapped genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; until November 2022) between MS and several urological disorders, we searched the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, to identify significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway, the Enrichr assessment was used.  Additionally, in the case of overlapped genes, the maximum level of linkage hub genes was investigated by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction via cytoHubba. 1362 common genes between MS and urological disease were recognized, of which 154 genes have SNPs linked with MS susceptibility. Three DisGeNET-indexed MS-associated SNPs, including rs653178, rs10936599, and rs4976646 were shared between MS and urological disorders. TNF, AKT1, IL1B, IL6, VEGFA, INS, C-C CCL5, TP53), RELA proto-oncogene, STAT3, and EGFR were detected as hub genes overrepresented in the identified pathways. Of 1362 common genes, 11 key genes, and 3 SNPs were shared between MS and urology-related diseases. These identified features might serve as potential therapeutic targets in both disorders, with a probable role in the management of urological complications in MS patients.

In order to analyze the relative success of countries in combating COVID-19, it is imperative to establish a set of criteria for measuring success in this domain. Subsequently, a consensus must be reached on the specific aspects and indicators that define success. Therefore this disease swiftly escalated into a global pandemic, impacting all facets of society and leaving a lasting historical imprint. This study presents a framework for assessing the performance of various countries in their battle against the COVID-19 crisis across four dimensions: healthcare system, crisis management, societal response, and historical perspective. By comparing indicators within each dimension for individual countries separately, we can assess and compare their respective crisis management capabilities while evaluating overall success. However, it is essential to acknowledge that a dichotomy often exists between health-focused solutions and those about economics and politics. Therefore, instead of pursuing an absolute solution or outcome, striving for an optimal balance point is essential. While cross-sectional assessments are necessary during the COVID-19 crisis evaluation process, comprehensive evaluations of the aforementioned dimensions can ultimately determine success levels and identify countries with superior performance.

In recent years, the demand for good quality natural products and minimally processed products with high nutritional value has increased. One of the most important natural materials in demand is natural edible dye. Pulsed electric fields in food processing focus on two main areas: microbial inactivation and preservation of liquid foods and enhancing mass and tissue transfer in solids and liquids. The pulse process uses pulsed electric fields with high voltage, which are used quickly for the food between two electrodes. Due to the short duration of the pulses, a little heat is generated in the foodstuff. Thus, the nutrients, vitamins, texture and flavour, as well as the microstructure of the foodstuff, are better preserved than the samples that are subjected to the thermal process. Natural dyes are very sensitive to the processes applied in conventional extraction techniques, such as thermal, mechanical and chemical stresses. Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology is promising as a non-thermal alternative.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) manifests as chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. The study focuses on a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) known as Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). MALAT1's misregulation has been linked with various autoimmune diseases and regulates proinflammatory cytokines. The role of IL6 in immune-triggered conditions, including IBD, is another focal point. In this research, the expression of MALAT1 and IL6 in IBD patients was meticulously analyzed to uncover potential interactions. The study involved 33 IBD patients (13 with Crohn's disease and 20 with ulcerative colitis) and 20 healthy counterparts. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction determined the MALAT1 and IL6 gene expression levels. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed using several tools, including LncRRIsearch and Cytoscape. A deep dive into the Inflammatory Bowel Disease database was undertaken to understand IL6's role in IBD. Drugs potentially targeting these genes were also pinpointed using DGIdb. Results indicated a notable elevation in the expression levels of MALAT1 and IL6 in IBD patients versus healthy controls. MALAT1 and IL6 did not show a direct linear correlation, but IL6 could serve as MALAT1's target. Analyses unveiled interactions between MALAT1 and IL6, regulated by hsa-miR-202-3p, hsa-miR-1-3p, and has-miR-9-5p. IL6's pivotal role in IBD-associated inflammation, likely interacting with other cytokines, was accentuated. Moreover, potential drugs like CILOBRADINE for MALAT1 and SILTUXIMAB for IL6 were identified. This research underscored MALAT1 and IL6's potential value as targets in diagnosis and treatment for IBD patients.

Ox-bile has been recommended as a natural remedy with several therapeutic potentials in traditional Persian medicine. It has had efficacy against inflammation and infection according to traditional medicine. Evidence revealed that bile disrupts bacterial cell membrane and degrades DNA structure, so it has anti-bacterial effects. However, there is no evidence of any approved medication composed of ox-bile in Iran.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-bacterial effects of ox-bile.

Ox-bile was obtained under aseptic conditions and sterilized with a 0.22 msyringe filter, then examined for their sterility status through culture on different media. Following incubation under aerobic cultures for 48 hours and the anaerobic cultures for one week. Two different kinds of antimicrobial susceptibility tests, including well-diffusion method and serial dilution test were employed to characterize the inhibitory effect of ox-bile extraction on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes.

Based on our study, no anti-bacterial effect of ox-bile was observed against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

No in-vitro evidence of inhibitory effect was observed against studied gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Though further evaluation of the anti-bacterial effects of different preparations of ox-bile seems is still required.

Understanding the microbiota of disease vectors can help for developing new strategies to prevent the transmis sion of vector pathogens. Ixodes ricinus is one of the most notorious tick vectors with increasing importance in Iran and other parts of the world while there is limited data on its microbiota. This study aimed to use metagenomics for identifying the I. ricinus tick’s microbiota of Iran.

A total of 39 adult ticks were collected from Mazandaran (21 females), Gilan (17 females), and Golestan (1 male). Five tick pools prepared from 39 adults of I. ricinus were subjected to metagenomics analysis. The data were analyzed by targeting the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina 4000 Hiseq sequencing.

Among hundreds of intestinal microbiota identified by metagenomics, various pathogenic microorganisms distributed in 30 genera and species including those responsible for tick-borne diseases resided in the genera Coxiella, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia were found.

Our results indicated that metagenomics identifies bacteria genera and species which cannot be easily rec ognized by routine methods. The presence of such pathogenic bacteria indicates the importance of possible zoonotic diseases in this region which could affect public health. These results further substantiate the importance of advanced metagenomics analyses to identify neglected tick-borne pathogens which enable researchers to provide efficient mapping roads for the management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

 Job burnout can leads absenteeism, leaving the job or having the intention to leave, reduced quality of life, reduced performance, and reduced quality of patient care and commitment to the organization. Organizational climate has always been important in the nursing profession and in the hospital environment where the nurse’ performance is known as an important component in improving the quality of treatment. This study aims to determine the relationship of job burnout with organizational climate in nurses.

This descriptive correlational study with cross-sectional design was performed in 2020 in the internal surgical wards of four teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The sampling was done by a cluster sampling method. The sample size was determined 200 at a 95% confidence level and considering a 80% test power. To collect data, a demographic form, the Maslach burnout inventory, and Halpin and Croft’s organizational climate description questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v. 24 software using descriptive and inferential statistics.

 Emotional exhaustion domain of job burnout had a statistically significant correlation with all dimensions of organizational climate except for group spirit and disengagement; it had a negative significant correlation with the hindrance dimension and a positive significant correlation with other dimensions. With the increase of organizational climate, emotional exhaustion increases, resulting in more job burnout.

Health workers, especially nurses and managers, should take measures to reduce job burnout and improve organizational climate and patient satisfaction according to the existing conditions and resources. It is recommended that the educational supervisors of the hospitals develop and implement in-service training focusing on the components of job burnout and organizational climate.

Extracting high-yield, high-quality DNA from plant samples is challenging due to the presence of the cell wall, pigments, and some secondary metabolites. The main CTAB method, two of its modified protocols (beta-mercaptoethanol or ammonium acetate were eliminated), the modified Murray and Thompson method, and the Gene All kit were statistically compared based on the quantity and quality of the total DNA (tDNA) extracted from fresh and dried leaves of three medicinal herbs P. harmala, T. ramosissima, and P. reptans. The suitability of the tDNAs for molecular studies was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the fragments of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA and the trnL-F region in chloroplast DNA. Some significant differences were found between the tDNAs extracted by five extraction methods. With the exception of P. harmala, where the PCR of both the ITS fragments and the trnL-F region worked successfully in all DNA samples, but only the ITS fragments, not the chloroplast trnL-F region, were amplified in the DNA samples of T. ramosissima and P. reptans. The chloroplast trnL-F region was amplified only in DNA samples extracted from fresh and dried leaves of the three studied herbs using the commercial kit. Gene All kit, the main CTAB method, and its modified protocols were the less time-consuming protocols that yielded DNA suitable for downstream PCR vis-a-vis the modified Murray and Thompson method.

Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 epidemic in society and its transformation into a major global problem, as well as according to the World Health Organization, it seems that mental disorders will be the most important side effect of this disease. Long-term mental disorders have serious and dangerous effects on all vital organs such as the heart and blood vessels. It seems that one of the strategies is to grow and maintain flowers and ornamental plants in apartment environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of houseplants in reducing depression during quarantine due to COVID-19 by a combined "descriptive-analytical" method in Ahvaz city. A questionnaire was designed to collect data, which included various sections including: among the personal and professional characteristics of the respondents as well as the variables measuring the respondents' attitude towards the position of houseplants in reducing depression during the quarantine caused by COVID-19. In this study, data comparisons were performed using T-test and F-test and ISDM method was used for leveling. The results of this study showed that the highest frequency of responses in the attitude of respondents towards the position of houseplants in reducing depression was at a relatively positive level with a frequency of 137 people (35.7%) regarding the position of houseplants in reducing depression caused by quarantine of COVID-19 disease in Ahvaz. The results of Duncan test showed that there is a significant difference between the attitudes of the respondents whose home area was less than 62.2 meters and the respondents whose home area was more, at the probability level of 5%. In the other words, respondents whose home area was more than 62.2 meters had a more positive attitude towards the role of houseplants in reducing depression caused by COVID-19 quarantine. Findings on how to select plants also showed that people who use scientific books and experts to select flowers and plants, have a more positive view of the position of houseplants in reducing depression caused by the quarantine of Covid-19 disease. In general, 80% of the respondents preferred ornamental and flowering plants for keeping at home, and fruit, vegetable and medicinal plants were placed in the next ranks with great differences, respectively. It was found that people who live with houseplants for a long time, have a higher level of happiness and tolerance threshold and less aggression, and ultimately suffer less from depression and other mental disorders.

Sarcocystis has 130 heteroxenous species, with different cycles and morbidity. The pathogenic species of Sarcocystis for humans are Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis, in which humans are the definitive host and cattle and pigs are the intermediate hosts. Sarcocystis is a common disease between humans and animals that can be important in terms of health and economy.The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of Sarcocystis protozoan contamination in the industrial slaughterhouse of Shushtar city using the digestion method.In this study, 20 carcass samples were examined randomly and during a period of 2 months, and then, in order to take muscle samples from organs of the esophagus, diaphragm, heart, thigh, and arm were separated with tweezers, pans, and a sterile scalpel.And we labeled the livestock information on the sample and finally, we transferred the samples to the laboratory in a sterile container next to the ice and checked whether they were positive or negative for the sarcocyst parasite in the laboratory with the digestion method.The results showed the highest percentage of sarcocyst detection using a method that can confirm, and also the sensitivity and speed of sarcocyst detection with a higher level digestion method.

Fusarium species are known to be one of the common causes of keratitis. This study was conducted to identify Fusarium spp. causing keratitis and to investigate their genetic diversity using TEF1 and RPB2 gene sequences.

Twenty-four clinical isolates of Fusarium were isolated from the patient with keratitis. Phylogenetic analysis of two-locus of the 24 clinical isolates and three reference strains was carried out using the maximum parsimony and RAxML methods.

Based on gene sequences of the 24 clinical isolates, 17, 4, and 3 isolates were identified as Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. FFSC include F. proliferatum (n=1), F. globosum (n=1), F. verticillioides (n=1), and F. brevicatenulatum (n=1), respectively.

Given that sequence of a sole gene can be challenging and on the other hand, due to the high resistance to antifungal drugs, identification of Fusarium species is of substantial significance. In this study, by designing a novel set of primers for the RPB2 area and using TEF1 primer, we were able to differentiate 24 Fusarium spp. isolated from patients with keratitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and needs of parents with Exceptional Children during the Corona virus learning period.

This is a phenomenological study and the statistical population of the study is all parents with exceptional children who are studying in Normal schools in Tehran in the academic year 1401-1401. The sample includes 20 parents with Exceptional children who were selected by sampling. Research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by inductive method.

The results showed that these children continued their education through distance education through TV and Shad software and WhatsApp. However, a number of issues of concern are listed below: Exceptional Students are unable to attend classes regularly on television, many do not attend online courses, and their teachers give feedback on their activities. They do not. In addition, none of the Exceptional Students received support services, and there was little communication and cooperation between teachers, families, and students. In addition, the findings showed that children are reluctant and cannot adapt to distance education.

Therefore, it can be concluded that distance education has a negative impact on the education of Exceptional Children attending regular schools and requires the implementation of policies to improve the education of these children.

Promising advances have been made in mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to re-induce the immune tolerance in neuroinflammatory animal models and Multiple Sclerosis patients. The available evidence demonstrated that immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell are particularly exerted through releasing exosomes to their environment. We therefore, aimed to comparatively assess the potential effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on proliferation and function of the CD4+CD25− conventional T cells, isolated from relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients.

Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cord tissues and used for exosome isolation via ultracentrifugation. Both mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against the proliferation of T cells isolated from two groups of individuals in vitro, MS patients and healthy subjects. Cytokine production of conventional T cells (interferon-γ, interleukin-10, and interleukin-17) was also assessed, using flow cytometry for the patients and healthy individuals.

Here, evidence shows that MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes dampen proliferation and percentage of conventional T cells that produce IFN-γ (healthy control: p<0.001) and interleukin-17 (healthy control: p<0.001, MS patients: p<0.001), with a significant increase of IL-10 producing cells in the patients and healthy individuals. Surprisingly, MSC-derived exosomes demonstrated higher immune-modulating properties on conventional T cells responses, compared to MSCs.

The current study, provides a novel approach of exocytosis on autoimmune therapy. In particular, Mesenchymal stem cell -derived exosomes, which are cell-derived biologics, could be considered as an alternative for Mesenchymal stem cells in treating multiple sclerosis.