جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Kurdistan province » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Today, new technologies in the control and monitoring of borders have opened new horizons for the countries of the world regarding the preservation and protection of their borders, and turning to new technologies in their monitoring and control can provide the means of neutralizing threats. The present study investigates the role of new technologies in preventing smuggling in the borders of Kurdistan province.

Research method and statistical population: In terms of purpose, this research is applied in a quantitative type with a descriptive-survey research method using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale after verifying its validity and reliability to examine the items among 70 employees of the border control command. Kurdistan province distribution and obtained data were analyzed in the form of SPSS software with Friedman and Chi-square test estimates.

Based on the research findings, night vision cameras, drones and thermal cameras have the highest function in terms of controlling and monitoring borders and preventing smuggling in the border strip of Kurdistan province, and radars and GIS technology can also be effective in this field and lower positions. They are compared to the previously mentioned technologies.

New control and monitoring technologies can play a decisive role in preventing the smuggling of goods in border areas. These technologies with high accuracy and efficiency can minimize human error and damage and play an effective role in preventing, identifying and dealing with smuggling from the entry and exit points of the borders of Kurdistan province.

The aim of this study is to investigate the areas of underdevelopment of Kurdistan province in the area of water based on the theories of socio-economic underdevelopment and local development, as well as to provide solutions based on the development of Kurdistan province to activate the areas that drive the development of the province (water) and eliminate its obstacles.The method utilized in this study is ground theory, the data collection instrument is semi-structured interviews with elites in the water sector of the Kurdistan province, and the data analysis method is thematic analysis.Kurdistan province is currently in a state of underdevelopment in the water sector, as evidenced by the study's findings. The most significant areas, factors, and consequences of underdevelopment in the water sector of Kurdistan province are: climatic changes, lack of integrated water management, lack of credit, inattention of the academic elite and representatives to the water issue of the province, natural barriers to exploitation, and a reduction in the share allocated to fisheries and agriculture and issues caused by the transfer of water from dams to other areas (transfer between basins).The research reveals that the most significant development advantages of the province’s water sector are the relative advantage of exploitable water and its storage, vast rain-fed lands, the development of modern irrigation systems and agricultural activities, water tourism, and the development of fisheries and aquatic activities. In general, water can serve as one of the important drivers of development in Kurdistan province and activate other development capacities, such as agriculture, tourism, mines, and industry

Due to their specific location and function, border cities are among the cities where both groups of global and local forces affect their stability. Based on this, the main problem of this research is based on the strength of the border cities of Kurdistan province, and then the effect of the border location on the stability of these border cities, as well as the necessary strategies to achieve sustainability in these cities. Therefore, considering the importance of the border location and the effect that this location can have on urban development and urban sustainability, this research seeks to evaluate the sustainability in border cities with a case study of the border cities of Kurdistan province. To answer these issues, in this research, using Descriptive-analytical method and using methods such as numerical taxonomy, strategy planning method, as well as data based on SPSS software and single-sample T-statistic methods were measured to evaluate the stability in the border cities of Kurdistan province and the effect of the border location on their strength. The results of the research showed that the average stability calculated for all the studied cities in the four dimensions was obtained as 0.5, which is in the range of moderate strength. Also, based on the numerical taxonomy method, in connection with the urban areas of Marivan and Bane cities, as the cities studied in this thesis, which have the most significant number of border cities, they are ranked 1 and 2 in terms of urban sustainability with 0.5396 and 0.5401, respectively, which shows the positive effects of the border location on the stability of the city. Also, in this study, based on the participatory strategic planning method and using the SWOT model, the results showed that considering the special conditions of the border cities as well as the internal and external factors affecting the sustainable development of these cities, the formulated strategies are focused on certain dimensions.

This study is based on the analysis of the mechanisms of failure of cooperatives in the border areas of Kurdistan province. To achieve this, using the theoretical saturation obtained from the semi-structured interview data with 41 members of the board The board and CEO of border cooperatives of four border towns of Kurdistan province came to this end. The results show the existence of conditions of border underdevelopment due to weak communication and economic infrastructures. The causal and intervening conditions for the failure of cooperatives in the informal economy of the border showed that the dominance of the contradictory policies of state institutions and the lack of participation and knowledge of members about the cooperatives provided the conditions for this failure. This situation shows the lack of efficiency and weakness of the cooperatives, which is reflected in the consequences and socio-economic damages. The functional failure of the cooperatives has consequences such as the failure of the border resident’ card and the fuel card plan, the neglect of the employment of border residents, cultism and its damage, the reduction of the life expectancy of villagers in border areas, the collapse of the local economy and serious economic problems, and a decline in trust. It has become social in two dimensions: institutional and popular. Therefore, in order to maintain and improve the position and role of cooperatives, it is possible to apply government support and monitoring strategies, strengthen the general participation of the rural community, and improve the financial base of the cooperative.

This paper seeks to present elites' perceptions and experiences of socio-political inequality in Kurdistan Province and describe their perceptions of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, mechanisms, and consequences. This study collects qualitative data using a qualitative approach and grounded theory method as well as in-depth and semi-structured interview techniques. To this end, 20 Sunni Kurdish activists, including four groups of parliamentarians, managers, cultural activists, and faculty members, were interviewed using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. The results are analyzed and explained in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding using the Strauss-Corbin approach. Then, relying on the respondents' opinions, the six main categories of the research were extracted: Definition in 3 core categories and 9 subcategories, causal conditions in 3 core categories and 7 subcategories, basic conditions in 3 core categories and 10 subcategories, disturbance conditions in 2 core categories and 7 subcategories, the mechanism in 3 core categories and 7 subcategories, and the consequences in 3 core categories and 12 subcategories. Finally, a paradigmatic model is presented showing the effects of definition on causal, contextual and intervening conditions and the direct effect of causal conditions on inequality and the indirect effect of basic conditions and intervening conditions on causal conditions and mechanism and also the indirect effect of contextual and intervening conditions on socio-political inequality. The final results show that the phenomenon of socio-political inequality is not the product of Sunni Kurds in Kurdistan province, but it has been constructed based on the mentioned categories.

The purpose of development is to nurture human’s abilities. In order to achieve development, Increase of revenue is a tool not an end. On the other hand, having a long healthy and innovative life is the ultimate goal. The best way to advance the stable development is to use human development. The main purpose of conducting this analytic- descriptive research is to determine the ranking order of the provinces of Iran, especially Kurdistan, in the years of 1385 and 1390. In order to eliminate the differentiation of scaling among the used criteria, using the technique of indices have been proposed. Results show that although our country has had minor improvements in the development of human resources goals, but the results of year 1390 shows that there is not a significant change in the ranking order of the undeveloped provinces compared to five years earlier. Combinatory index of human development shows that in Kurdistan province, human development is in an inappropriate condition so that Kurdistan was placed 29th and 30th in the ranking table in years of 1385 and 1390 respectively. We can conclude that the ranking order during these years has not had significant progress.

Equipment and control systems are devices that increase the ability of border guards to protect the border. These equipment, along with efficient manpower, play an important role in creating security in border areas. In this article, the function of different types of border control equipment is presented and it makes that possible to understand exactly how to use them properly. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effect of control equipment on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. The method of this research is applied and of survey-correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Border Command of Kurdistan Province in 2019 and 88 people that were chosen in the form of full-census sampling, have been questioned. Data were collected through questionnaire. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.92) was obtained and data analysis was performed via SPSS24 software. The results showed that among the control equipment; Night vision cameras and thermal sensors have the greatest impact on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. The results showed that night vision cameras and thermal sensors among the control equipment, have the greatest effect on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. In meanwhile, the most practical is the S700 camera, which has tactical and thermal systems and is portable. This system has the ability to take photos and videos and can transfer its contents to any of the external memory. In addition, the system has the highest number of discoveries in its performance balance among other cameras. Radars and drones also had the least impact, respectively. Based on this, it can be said that according to the geographical locations that exist in each region, appropriate and advanced modern control equipment must be used, which leads to improving border security.

This article investigates the factors affecting the underdevelopment of Kurdistan province. It is an applied research and its methodology is an integration of content and secondary analysis. In this research, the MAX QDA software was used for content analysis of interviews conducted with the experts of the province, and secondary analysis of statistics obtained from Iran Statistics Center. Based on the theoretical framework of economic development, the causes of underdevelopment in Kurdistan province have been explained. The results of this study indicate that Kurdistan province is considered as one of the least developed regions in terms of the use of various dimensions and indicators of economic development. Based on the results of this research, that the focus is on the development of participation in all aspects. Based on this, policies and planning to attract partnerships, as well as avoidance of harmful processes such as discrimination and centralization, improve the indicators of economic development, increasing investment in both the private and public sector, increasing per capita income, increasing production and reducing the unemployment are necessary for the development of Kurdistan province.

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the narration of interest groups about social capital collapse among entrepreneurship of rural production in Kurdistan province. Based on this, using the theories of Coleman, Putnam Bourdieu as prominent thinkers in the field of social capital and inferiority, and Nahapiet and Ghoshal as prominent thinkers of institutional and organizational context of this concept, we have tried to explain the conceptual framework of social capital to answer the questions and research goals. These theorists emphasize the relationships and connections in society and organizations and give social capital a collective and transpersonal character. According to the fundamental proposition of research, research is conducted in qualitative tradition, and for data production, participatory observation, deep interview and group discussion have been used. In the analysis of data, we used the method of narrative analysis. Sampling was purposeful sampling, theoretical and sampling with maximum diversity. Accordingly, based on theoretical content saturation, 9 group discussions and 43 deep structured interviews were conducted with co-operative directors, board members and members of the nine production cooperatives. In total, data generated in the form of the first 65 primary concepts, four major categories and a central core are coded and analysed. Major categories derived from narratives include: decline in trust in cooperatives, undesirable participation, social indifference and organizational inefficiency, and reduction of social solidarity. The findings of the narrative analysis of the interest groups of rural production cooperatives show that social capital among these organizations in recent years has not only eroded but collapsed , due to lack of government support, the involvement of the rural cooperative organization in the process and the selection of cooperative bodies, especially the manager, the laws and rigid frameworks, similar unsuccessful experiences, the establishment of rural social order, the emergence of new administrations in the administration of rural public affairs, parallel institutions and co-operatives, and lack of transparency in the financial and management issues of these cooperatives and erosion of social capital among interest groups. This has altered the existential nature of production cooperatives in the rural areas studied, and has strengthened distrust and lack of participation among the villagers.

Poverty has always been as a global challenge to the human societies and measuring the poverty and the ways of alleviating or eliminating the poverty are highly important in the literature of development economics. Due to the importance and need of tackling the poverty crisis، in one hand، and the importance of determining the people eligible for receiving the safety and social programs، on the other hand، there is need for measuring poverty at the society level. In this research، an estimation on the subsistence level of poverty and its trend in Kurdistan province urban areas over 1375-1378 has been conducted. The needed data include data on expenditures percentiles، statistics related to urban households expenses، and price indexes of goods and services of the urban areas of the Kurdistan province disaggregated at 8 commodity groups. For estimation of the subsistence level the method of Habit Least Expenditure System (HLES) which is mainly based on the Linear Expenditure System Demand. According to the findings، the least subsistence for a typical urban household in Kurdistan province in year 1375 is 4880939 Rials per year or 406745 Rials per month، which increased significantly to 3955095 Rials per year in 1387 or 3296258 Rials per month. During 1375-87 the growth rate of annual poverty line in the urban areas of the province was 19. 4 percent. During this period، except year 1379 in which housing group had the highest share in the subsistence level، in all the other years food stuff had the highest and health had the lowest share.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the level of cultural capital and environmental behavior and study of cultural capital impact on attitude and environmental behavior. The research method of this study is survey. The statistic sample has included 440 over -18 year- old people in urban regions of Kurdistan province. This sample has been selected based on multistage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire has been used to gather the required data. The survey findings show that 82 percent of the studied people have environmentally responsible behavior. Also about 71 percent of the surveyed people have high level of cultural capital. Nevertheless, level of attitude and environmental knowledge is standing at medium level. In addition, findings show that cultural capital has the most effect on environmental behavior and played the role of most anticipator variable for environmental behavior. Also, there is a relationship between environmental attitudes, environmental knowledge, marital status, and age groups with environmental behavior. Finally, probable reasons have been explained for the low level of environmental knowledge.