delphi technique

This study aimed to identify the dimensions, components, and indicators of professional ethics for managers in small and medium-sized enterprises.This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of ethics and organizational management. Purposeful sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA version 12, and the Delphi technique was employed in three rounds to validate the findings using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and one-sample t-tests with SPSS version 25.The results revealed that professional ethics for managers are categorized into five main factors: organizational, environmental, contextual, structural, and individual. Organizational factors included combating organizational self-centeredness and having a strong organizational culture. Environmental factors emphasized the importance of policies and a supportive work environment, while contextual factors highlighted the impact of social and political environments. Structural factors underscored the significance of management styles and trust-building, and individual factors focused on the role of psychological well-being and personal competencies. The Kendall coefficient in the third round of the Delphi technique was 0.712, indicating substantial agreement among experts.The findings suggest that improving professional ethics among managers in small and medium-sized enterprises requires a comprehensive focus on various organizational, environmental, contextual, structural, and individual factors. Implementing transparent policies, promoting participative management styles, and fostering a healthy work environment can enhance managers’ ethical behavior.

The main purpose of this survey is to determine the training needs of the employees of the Fars Agricultural Jihad Organization from the perspective of the employees themselves. This study was conducted using the Delphi technique by the staff training department of Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center in 2023. The target population is all the employees of Fars Agricultural Jihad Organization in the number of 2050 people, who were all involved in the Delphi needs assessment based on total population sampling, and finally 781 people completed the electronic questionnaire. In the first stage, the questionnaire was given to the agricultural experts to express their opinions about the topics of the proposed courses. In the second stage, the supplementary priorities as the specialized needs of the experts and promoters of the region were again decided by the individuals and the importance of the issues raised from their point of view was assessed. Finally, the most important issues were prioritized by the managers and specialized experts of the provincial center. The total number of educational needs that were extracted from the first stage of Delphi was 363. In the second and third stages, the importance of these items was determined by the target groups and finally 329 priorities were identified for implementation. The results obtained from the implementation of this program, in addition to decentralization in staff training needs assessment and reducing training costs, can empowering the employees through in-service training, and can be considered an important step for effective educational planning

Abstract

Leadership, in any organization, can be the most important factor in the growth or death of an organization. The world, today is a knowledge-based society, which shows the need for choosing an effective and appropriate leadership model that is appropriate to the changes and educational reforms, especially in the field of school principals’ leadership. The aim of the present study was to develop an intelligent leadership model for school principals.research

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The research was conducted in a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) way. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative phase consists of 23 experts (academic experts and experts at the management levels of education) who were selected purposefully until theoretical saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative phase consists of 126 secondary school principals of Ilam County. This study was done using Delphi technique in three phases. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is interview and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire on factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals with 66 items. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by judgmental method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.87, which indicated the adequate reliability of the questionnaire.

According to the findings; 66 influential factors were extracted and classified into 20 sub-indicators and 5 main indicators of Strategic leadership, operational leadership, transformational leadership, charismatic leadership and spiritual-emotional leadership.Conclusion The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the developed model of intelligent leadership of school principals is credible.

The present research was conducted in order to identify cultural and educational indices of citizen´s rights and strategies for their realizations in Iran´s education system. This is a qualitative and applied research. Given its two-step nature, it was carried out by combining document content analysis and Delphi technique. The statistical sample of document content analysis consisted of international, and national higher level documents and Islamic books from which the cultural and educational indices of citizen´s rights were extracted. Then, these indices were screened by Delphi technique in the form of a questionnaire with open ended questions and interviewing with 15 educational experts. Next, the mechanisms for their realizations in Iran´s education system were proposed. The results showed that the main cultural and educational indices of the citizen´s rights include intellectual property, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, cultural partnership, free information access, and education. The experts interviewed on Delphi technique suggested four main mechanisms – cultural and regulative, protective and motivational, legal and regulative – in 17 operational strategies in order to cultural and educational rights be realized in Iranian schools´ education system.

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate the components of teachers' talent management model in the academic year 1396-97. The research is purposeful, applied, and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population in the qualitative phase consisted of 15 experts who were selected by purposeful sampling method for semi-structured interview. The research tool at this stage was a 104-item questionnaire designed based on a seven-point Likert scale (based on indicators derived from literature and background and the context of the interviews). At the end of each round, the data were analyzed using the mean rank index and Kendall's coefficient of agreement. In the third round, the value obtained for Kendall's statistic (0.507) indicated acceptable consensus among respondents. The results of data analysis at the end of qualitative phase showed that the components of teachers' talent management model include growth, development, identification, selection, recruitment, strategic planning and maintenance. Of the 7644 teachers employed in Lorestan province (statistical population), 367 were selected using Cochran formula and selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The identified component and the indices were related to each component. Quantitative section data (model fit) using structural equation modeling And partial least squares were analyzed. The results showed that based on the average composite reliability index (CR = 0.93) and mean Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.91) that were higher than 0.70 and considering the average value of variance extracted (AVE = 0.67) Bigger than 0.5, the model has convergent reliability and since (AVE <CR), convergent validity is also established. Given that the mean of the coefficient of determination (R2 = 1) was greater than 0.67 and also based on the Q2 index whose mean (0.67) was greater than 0.35, it was concluded that the structural model of Suitable

The purpose of this study was to design a model for teachers' talent management in the academic year 1396-97. The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive nature of the survey. The statistical population includes experts in the field of talent management, people with books and related articles, people with a job in the Ministry of Education and provincial education organizations. In the field of talent management as well as educators were knowledgeable in the field of talent management who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were semi-structured interview. After analyzing the data from the interviews, 42 indices were extracted. Next, a closed-ended questionnaire based on interviews and indices derived from the literature and research background (62 indices) was designed and developed based on a seven-point Likert scale with 104 items. At the end of each round, the data were analyzed using rank and median Kendall's coefficient of agreement. Kendall's test (0.705) was significant at α = 0.001 error level (sig <0.001), it is concluded that between the responders There is a significant agreement with the questions and the amount obtained on Kendal statistics indicates acceptable consensus among the respondents so it ended in the third round of qualitative phase and the teachers' talent management model with 36 indicators of strategic planning components, identification, selection. , Absorption, refinement, and maintenance.

This study aimed to identify the factors that affected organizational innovation among the Islamic Azad University libraries, and it tried to present a novel plan of organizational innovation. It also sought to develop the corpus of existing knowledge about the principles and relationships of organizational innovation indexes. In terms of the purpose, the present investigation was considered a fundamental study.

Since the current study sought to solve the problem of how to make organizational innovation among university libraries, the research method followed here was the applied method. Further, in terms of research design and data collection procedure, this study was a descriptive (non-experimental) one in which “Study” and “Delphi” methods were used for collecting the data. The population of the study included 20 academic experts (university professors in the field of management and science of Information) from which purposeful snowball sampling was done; and their viewpoints were elicited via the Delphi-Fuzzy method and were analyzed.

The findings indicated that the highest degree of the experts’ agreement in the third poll was in terms of knowledge and specialty in individual dimension, communication system in group dimension, knowledge management in organizational dimension, infrastructure and technological complexities in environmental dimension, and thinking investment in humanistic and educational dimension. Also, among the studied dimensions, the highest degree of agreement was related to the group dimension, and the lowest was related to the humanistic and educational dimension.

On the basis of the analysis output, all dimensions and components remained in the model, and the finalized model of the study included 5 dimensions and 11 components. The suggested model in this study seems to be capable of providing the background to make organizational innovation among the libraries of the Islamic Azad University branches and help them elicit improvement plans and measures and evaluate their position in the process of organizational innovation while making pathology of organizational innovation among the libraries of the Islamic Azad University.

To help improve the quality of the state higher education system, the current study aimed at identifying and ranking the factors which affect the academic authority of universities.(A Case Study on Imam Reza International University, Peace Upon Him) This study is an applied one with respect to its aim and is a library and Delphi one concerning its quality. Applying the library method, this research identified a series of factors which affect the academic authority of universities, and then it investigated and finalized them through reaching a consensus among a group of experts. The members of this group of 15 were selected by means of snowball sampling and the priorities of the above mentioned factors were determined through analytic hierarchy process. The factors affecting the university academic authority were identified in the form of 902 primary subject matters, and after being screened and classified at various levels, they were defined in the form of 45 sub factors and each was ranked according to its level of importance. Based on the viewpoints expressed by the experts group and according to importance, the factor of educating and empowering a human capital that has self-confidence and entrepreneurial skills was ranked first in the series of factors which affect the university academic authority. The existence of a national and transnational synergistic academic network was ranked second and the factor of creating an appropriate pyramid of faculty members by employing qualified and specialized forces had the third priority.

The capability approach presented by Amartya Sen, the infamous economist, has changed the very foundations and methods of measuring personal and social welfare. Many of the areas of scientific study have adapted this approach in order to expand their frameworks for measurement. Public educational systems are not an exception. Based on the review of literature on this topic, a set of basic capabilites for elementary school students was extracted and then put to the perusal of a number of Iranian experts in education in order to be modified and adapted to the Iranian socio-cultural norms and then ranked in terms of significance. The final set includes: social communication, ability to choose, patience and tolerance, law-oriented, learning, critical thinking, ability to debate, public reasoning, creativity, respect, emotional integrity, technological literacy, narrative imagination, reading and writing skills, attending and protecting other species, playfulness/recreational and sport activities, aspiration, acknowledging national and personal heritage, and a balance between national and global perspective.

This study aimed to identify Constituent elements, providing Conceptual healthy school model and quality validation with emphasis on organizational health was performed. The strategy of research was qualitative and to identify the factors of healthy school thematic analysis was used. The samples include documents, texts and experts in the field of management education, especially in schools. For sampling ,Targeted approaches Was used. Thus Were selected sources that most of the information and data provided to answer the research questions. Sampling to achieve maximum data point, or saturation point done. Accordingly, the 51 text and 15 specialized interviews were used to collect data. The results showed that thematics such as physical environment, psychosocial environment, educational managers, educational leadership, school demographic characteristics, characteristics of teachers, school culture, teacher's organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, academic achievement and public health students factors were identified forming healthy school. Delphi technique was used to validate the conceptual model of a healthy school. Kendall's coefficient was respectively obtained in the first round Delphi technique .624, in the second round .703, and third round .765 respectively ,Which showed high agreement between the experts. In addition, a significant amount of 0.000 was obtained in both rounds, and coordinating Comments hypothesis was accepted. Thus, 9 of which received an average of over 7, were agreed.

Attention to the global dimension of environmental issues on one hand, and awareness about these issues on the other hand have increased the demand for organization accountability about environmental issues. Providing the environmental information disclosure is a way to explain the policies related to organization responsibility for imposing the ethical, social and environmental activities. This research aims to study the disclosure fields and recognition of the influencing factors on motivation promoting to disclosure the environmental information. In order to this, we used a model based on disclosure fields and by interviewing from (experts, administrators, faculty members of the universities all over the country), the important motivational factors to disclosure the environmental information using Delphi technique, 64 influencing factors for promoting people motivation in 6 parts: media, judiciary, stuff, institutions, and the other organizations, consumers and capitalists were recognized. Factors like government support, regulatory organizational membership, fear of government punishment, job safety, religion factors, work ethic, society culture, regarding future and the others, material rewarding, marital status and job importance are the most important factors in the 6 channels.

This descriptive and applied research was carried out with the purpose of identifying and categorizing barriers of commercialization of university agricultural research. This survey research was done by a three-round Delphi technique. Using purposive sampling approach (a combination of reputational and chain sampling techniques), 23 agricultural faculty members experienced in the purposeful commercialization were selected as the participants in this study. In the first round, 27 barriers in the way of the commercialization of university agricultural research were extracted applying a qualitative content analysis of participant's responses. In the second round, the integrated list of barriers was categorized in three groups, including (1) structural barriers (18 items), (2) behavioral – process barriers (21 items), and (3) context- environment barriers (16 items). Cronbach alpha coefficient as the criterion of reliability was calculated between .69 and .81 for three categories of barriers in the second and third round, separately. In the third round, the three groups of barriers were analyzed through Topsis. As the results showed, most important barriers of commercialization of university agricultural research are: Low quality and little commercial capability of research findings (structural barrier), lack of an established procedure for commercialization of university research (behavioral barrier), and lack of appropriate accessibility to support services (contextual barrier).

Ineffective education is one of the major criticisms that draw attention of higher education critics. Scrap leaning is a concept that can open a new window in educational research. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze this concept and develop strategies to reduce scrap learning in higher education in Iran. Delphi method was used in three levels to reach consensus among higher education experts. Using snowball sampling, 40 experts were identified in which 30 experts participated in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Nvivo qualitative data analysis software. Results revealed that scrap learning is non-practical nature of lessons, inappropriate content, and ineffective curriculum; Moreover, experts believed that scrap learning can be reduced through the empowerment of faculty members, emphasis in life-long learning, academic freedom, and monitoring and evaluating curriculums.

Creation of environmental privacy can prepare the grounds for physical, social and ethical development of girls and leads to an efficient and dynamic system. This research seeks to get a clear understanding of the factors that affect the issue of privacy and emphasizes the fulfillment of educational needs that provide girls with calm and tranquil educational environments. The data were analyzed through content analysis. Then, in order to measure the factors, a survey was used to collect the information needed for answering the research question. For this purpose, after studying the available sources, 25 factors contributing to privacy were extracted. Hypothesizing a positive relation between the dependent and independent variables, the opinion of the research population were studied using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among 40 experts at Tarbiat Modares, Science and industry, Shahid Beheshti and Tehran universities. The effect and priority of extracted mental and physical components were measured by a Likert Scale. After omitting the half-completed questionnaires, the data collected from 17 experts were analyzed. Using Delphi and Shannon Entropy approach, the less important factors in the experts’ viewes were deleted for component moderation. Findings showed different effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Among the mental components, security and sense of belonging and among the physical components, hierarchy, boundary, inner and outer relations and introversion were the most important factors affecting the improvement of privacy in educational environments.

The aim of these studies is to identify the components of effective teaching and the application of these components in Applied Science University of Kurdistan Province. The method of study is descriptive -survey. The study sample (in Qualitative section) included students and experts in the area of curriculum (the number 10). Using the Delphi technique, the experts identified components of effective teaching. A questionnaire was designed and due to these components, Cornbrash’s alpha reliability test levels was determined by 0.86. In the second part of the questionnaire, 364 students (according to the formula of Cochran's sample size) were distributed. The data obtained from the study of self-answering using descriptive and inferential statistical indices were examined. Results of this study showed that the components of human relations, good lesson planning, paying attention to the learning environment, accurate performance of the suitable teaching methods, teacher characteristics, and on-time evaluation have the greatest impact on effective teaching variables.

The purpose of this study is to provide an opportunity for the discovery of the methods for teaching environment from the elementary student's points of view. Based on the assumption of this research, the student is an individual who is capable of facing the socio-academic issue of environment and, intellectually, analyze the common issues and determine his/her position. The simple random sampling method of this research has been 150 elementary students from 11 and 18 districts of the board of education in Tehran. In the research method the Delphi technique is used and based on it, the students were, accordingly, asked to prepare a list of methods that has been used for teaching environment. Then a preliminary list that has been extracted out from the collection of all the lists was given to students so that they could reflect changes and improvements they deemed to be necessary. Ultimately, the new list was prepared based on the presented views and changes made and again it was put up for polling by students. Finally, the findings of the research based on the methods of teaching environment from the student's points of view have been computed and presented.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the pathology of chemistry curriculum at the high school by using the Delphi technique. The present research was a descriptive study. The statistical population was consisted of the groups of representative and chemical science teachers of Isfahan، with 300 subjects. 167 cases were selected by the random sampling method appropriate to the volume (according to the six different districts of the city in Isfahan) and by the aid of Cochran formula. The questionnaire had 23 closed questions and answers on a five-item Likert scale. The data resulted from the questionnaire was analyzed by mono-variable T-test، Freidman test and multilateral variance analysis. The results showed that the process of organizing، subjects laboratory areas، contents of chemical textbooks، executive problems and teacher’s teaching techniques were identified as the most difficult items containing an average ranking of 3. 86 as the highest and executive problems and the process of organizing with 2. 50 as the worst damage. The results showed that high school chemistry book contains many problems that affected a glance linguistic course and the authorities are bound to a major revision in this regard.

Sustainable development of each country is a function of its educational system. This system has a critical role in economic, social and political development. Increasing the level of productivity could lead to better performance of educational system. Teachers are the most important element of an educational system. They play key role in performance improvement; therefore increasing the level of their productivity could lead to better performance of educational system. This article tries to identify and rank the factors that help to increase the level of teacher's productivity. At the first step, by using the expert's opinions and Delphi technique, thirty nine factors that affect teacher's productivity are identified and classified into seven dimensions. Next, by using statistical methods and Topsis technique these factors were ranked. The findings of this ranking show that educational, economical & welfare factors are the most important dimensions that affect teacher's productivity.