fuzzy cognitive mapping

The tourism industry has a special place in the economy of countries and an effective role in improving the social-cultural and environmental structure of societies. Meanwhile, serious and purposeful attention should be paid to urban tourism, especially in metropolises like Tehran, which have high capacities in this field. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting the economic development of urban tourism from the perspective of local residents (case study: Tehran metropolis) using the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Descriptive research is a survey. 65 tourism industry experts with at least 5 years of experience in the field of tourism were selected and interviewed non-randomly. Data and scenarios were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive mapping technique and the research model was designed using social network analysis. In this regard, 13 final factors were confirmed by the experts, who were finally ranked using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, which includes the presence of financial resources among the residents to carry out service activities related to the development of urban tourism, increasing economic power and support and The government's investment in the development of urban tourism was the most important; Because they were more central. Also, the results of the scenario writing indicate that all three factors should be given the same amount of attention in order to witness the development and improvement of the economic development of urban tourism from the perspective of the local residents of Tehran metropolis.

Big data in the organization can create insight that leads to better decision-making and discovering strategic paths. The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the consequences of big data in human resource management in government organizations. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of collecting descriptive information, it is of the survey type, and in terms of typology, it is among mixed research. The statistical population of the research includes university professors in the field of management and human resource managers in government organizations, 17 of whom were selected using the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy. In the qualitative part of the data collection tool, there is a semi-structured interview, the validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed using content validity and intra-coder and interrater reliability methods, respectively. The tool for collecting data in the quantitative part is a questionnaire, which was confirmed using content validity and retest reliability. In the qualitative part of this research, the data obtained from the interview were identified using the Max-QDA-E software and the analysis coding method and the consequences of big data in human resource management. In the quantitative part of the research, the prioritization of factors and their causal relationships were determined using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. The results show that intelligent recruiting and hiring, identifying skill gaps, foresight, talent management, eliminating discrimination and retention, employee retention and performance management are respectively the most important consequences of big data in human resource management. The governance of big data in government organizations enables human resource managers to act more intelligently in the fields of human resources such as recruitment and employment, recruitment, salary system, etc.

Achieving a sustainable value network for the distribution of oil products is one of the main goals of the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company. But this path has always faced challenges and obstacles. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationships between the elements of the sustainable value network of oil products distribution and determine its most important categories in terms of importance (influence and effectiveness). In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive, and fuzzy cognitive mapping method was used to analyze relationships. The data were collected through a questionnaire and semi-structured interview of 10 experts who were selected purposefully, and the results of the analysis were presented in the form of a graphic display of cognitive maps that include the relationship between categories. The results showed that the categories of sustainable value network; Re-engineering of structure, process and systems; product consumption management and stakeholder management are respectively the most important and should be given special attention.

The aim of the current research is the cognitive mapping of the consequences of algorithmic human resources in the oil industry. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of collecting descriptive information, it is of the survey type, and in terms of typology, it is among mixed research. The statistical population of the research includes university professors in the field of management and human resource managers in the oil industry, 23 of whom were selected using the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy. In the qualitative part of the data collection tool, there is a semi-structured interview, the validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed using content validity and intra-coder and interrater reliability methods, respectively. The tool for collecting data in the quantitative part is a questionnaire, which was confirmed using content validity and retest reliability. In the qualitative part of this research, the data obtained from the interview were identified using the Max-QDA-E software and the analysis coding method and the consequences of algorithmic human resources. In the quantitative part of the research, the prioritization of factors and their causal relationships were determined using the fuzzy cognitive map method. The results show that accurate performance evaluation, productivity improvement, and better time management are the most important positive consequences of algorithmic human resources, respectively. Reducing the sense of independence of employees, reducing interaction and participation of employees, as well as reducing creativity are among the most important negative consequences of algorithmic human resources based on research findings

IntroductionToday, with the passing of the traditional economy and the intensification of competition in new dimensions, the customer has become the main pillar and axis of all the activities of organizations; In such a way, from a competitive point of view, the survival and continuity of life of organizations depends on identifying and attracting new customers and maintaining existing customers. With the widespread use of information and communication technology by banks and financial and credit institutions, numerous requests and needs have been formed by customers and the services of the banking system have diversified to a great extent. Hence, banks and financial and credit institutions need a precise definition of customer needs in order to gain a competitive advantage. Customer satisfaction depends on the provision of appropriate services by the bank. Attracting and retaining clients along with the quality of service can greatly improve the efficiency of banks and thus be directly effective in increasing the profitability of banks, therefore managing and formulating the general strategies of the bank in attracting and retaining customers with the knowledge of how to behave the system is possible. Due to the increasing speed of changes in information technology, bank managers will need to proactively change and focus more on customer preferences.Methodology The purpose of this research is to provide a practical model to retain current customers and attract new customers in a financial institution, which directly affects the profitability and survival of the organization. Therefore, the basics and effective components of advertising were used in attracting and retaining customers in financial institutions. For this purpose, the main indicators affecting the performance of the organization were extracted from the research literature. By reviewing the researches of the last 10 years, the indicators of the theoretical model were developed. This work was done by analyzing previous studies, naming data and classifying data extracted from interviews, observations and notes. The common codes along with important variables from the researcher's point of view were entered into the Delphi questionnaire. In the first stage, 28 variables were identified based on the opinions of experts and previous studies. Then, the 28 variables identified in the first stage were entered into the Delphi questionnaire with a range of 1 to 10, and the average answers were presented as the result of each variable. According to the researcher's opinion, 5 points were considered as the acceptance threshold of the variables, and based on this, the total number of variables was reduced from 28 variables to 17 variables. In the next step, the Delphi questionnaire was again distributed among the experts and the average answers were presented as the result of each variable. At this stage, according to the researcher's opinion, 4 points were considered as the acceptance threshold of the variables and the number of variables was reduced from 17 variables to 11 variables. Finally, after summarizing the scores and following the steps of the Delphi method, 11 variables were extracted as the final variables of the research.Results and Discussion In the next step, fuzzy cognitive mapping method was used to determine the effect of variables on each other. This was done with the help of Net Draw software. Using this software, the importance coefficients of each research variable were extracted. The obtained coefficients for the research variables were used as input for the simulation part. The simulation process was carried out in Vensim software, and based on that, the cause-and-effect diagram, flow diagram and suggested scenarios were proposed. The model of advertising effectiveness in customer retention was presented. Based on this and according to the proposed scenarios, it was found that the amount of customer attraction increased by approximately 40% during the studied period.Conclusion Finally, by increasing the staff training budget, using information technology and appropriate advertising, as well as increasing employee participation, we will see a significant increase in customer attraction, which will have a direct impact on increasing the profitability of the organization, so the results obtained from this research can be a basis for explaining attraction strategies. Customers in other financial institutions. The results of this research show the functionality of the concept of systems dynamics in financial institutions. It should be kept in mind that this issue is considered a powerful decision-making tool for managers, with the help of which they get a complete picture of the organization's processes in the form of a system. In addition, with the increase in attracting customers, the profitability of financial institutions will directly increase.

Digitization of human resource management has become increasingly widespread in modern organizations due to advancements in technology and the need for efficient workforce management. In this context, understanding the factors influencing the decision to DHRM is crucial for organizations that seek to effectively use technology to achieve strategic human resource goals. Therefore, the aim of the research is to find out firstly what are the factors influencing the decision-making towards DHRM and secondly, what are the relationships between these factors. In terms of research orientation, the current research is considered to be a type of applied research, inductive in terms of research approaches, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research strategies. First, in order to identify the factors influencing decision-making for digital human resources management, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 experts in this field. Sampling of experts was in the form of snowball. Then, using thematic analysis method, the interviews were analyzed and the factors were obtained. In the second step, the fuzzy cognitive mapping method was used to discover the relationships between the extracted factors. The results showed that these factors are: organizational culture (0.86), resource allocation and investment (0.83), technology infrastructure (0.79), leadership and perspective (0.73), acceptance change and Resistance (0.69), organizational structure and governance (0.62), organizational size and complexity (0.58), employee skills and participation (0.54), data security and privacy (0.48), customization and Personalization (0.45). Also, the relationships of each component with its sub-components were determined and suggestions were made for using the research findings.

The research purpose is responding to the human resources compensation risk in Iran's insurance industry. By systematically studying the literature and interviewing 15 experts based on the snowball sampling , risks were identified and after screening based on the fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy cognitive mapping has been used to respond to risk. the inflexibility of compensation was identified as the most central element of the cognitive risk mapping. In the next , the effect of different risk control policies on map elements was investigated in three scenarios. After controlling one factor and its lack of influence on the whole map, finally with the policy of controlling the key elements , seven key elements with the highest degree of centrality include inflexibility of compensation, lack of employee satisfaction, lack of transparency, internal and external inequality, and non-alignment of payment. And performance, the imbalance between short and long-term incentives and the non-compensation of extra-role behaviors of employees selected and with the aim of fully controlling these elements, values corresponding to these elements were considered equal to zero in the initial state vector. results show that by controlling key elements of mapping, whole mapping undergoes changes and risk of human resources compensation is reduced.

Since, the digital business industry has been able to experience great growth in recent years due to the growth of Internet access and the acceleration of digital transformation in business, and also due to the newness of a large percentage of companies in this industry, the competition among them are very high and the cost of changing the brand for customers is low, as a result, focusing on branding and examining the customer brand co-creation approach in this industry is of particular importance. This approach is an organic perspective of the brand that is replacing the traditional perspective that considers brand management only under the management and control of the company. The customer brand co-creation behavior emphasizes that the brand is formed and developed in collaboration with stakeholders and it is a set of voluntary, active actions based on customer interaction, which is based on the relationship between the brand and the customer and in line with the value creation for the brand and its growth. This approach can be very effective for digital and online businesses where the cost of switching brands for customers is low. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) of customer brand co-creation behavior. The aim of this paper is to identify the CSFs of customer brand co-creation behavior, model them and determine the most important CSFs through scenario analysis.

This paper is a mixed research including two phases. In the qualitative phase, the CSFs were identified through semi-structured interviews which conducted with 30 experts of academic and industrial in the fields of marketing and branding that data collected are analyzed using thematic analysis approach. The selection of experts has been done in a judicious and purposeful manner, and the snowball method was also used to find suitable experts for interview. In the quantitative phase, CSFs are modeled by fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. The request data is also collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which distributed among experts. This modeling leads to a relative understanding of the relationships between CSFs and helps in determining the sequence of factors and also improves performance. Finally, scenario planning is used in the form of forward and backward scenarios for better analysis of the model3.

Theme analysis shows that in total, there are 71 conceptual codes in the form of 19 semantic themes for the CSFs of customer brand co-creation behavior in three levels of “organizational readiness”, “community support and governance” and “customer willingness and interaction”. The results obtained from scenario analysis illustrate that “strategic attitude towards co-creation”, “expert knowledge in the field of co-creation”, and “preparedness of managers” are the most important influential factors. Furthermore, “brand loyalty”, “brand trust” and “customer identification with the brand” are as the most influencing factors. Forward-facing and backward-facing scenarios and also their overlap indicate the importance of "strategic attitude of co-creation" and "managers' readiness". Therefore, companies need to pay special attention to these two factors.

The results of the research emphasize the need for a long-term perspective in co-creation behavior, attracting managers based on the necessary competencies for brand co-creation and in-service training. In the formation of a strategic attitude in the organization towards the customer brand co-creation approach, it is suggested that managers of companies understand this approach with details, know its possible advantages and disadvantages, examine the challenges of this direction, and formulate a comprehensive plan to achieve long-term objectives in the field of customer communication and also partnership strengthen with customers.Managers' readiness is considered as one of the most important CSFs in the formation of customer brand co-creation behavior. It is suggested that the companies consider benefits of the partnership with customers and this approach in the path of brand growth and development and specialized contents prepare about the advantages and disadvantages of using brand co-creation for managers which increase their knowledge and make more informed decisions in this field. The most important action is to attract capable managers according to the personality traits and skills necessary for co-creation. In-service trainings and promotion path based on merit will also be complementary steps for this issue.Since there is no research has in the field of competencies required for managers in order to co-create the brand and the role of managers' preparation in this process is high, it is suggested to implement a research in this field. Furthermore, due to the limitations of empirical research, using the causal relationships and hypotheses raised among customer brand co-creation behavior and other variables of branding and marketing is suggested that the validity of these relationships in different businesses should be investigated.

The fourth generation university is based on educational, research, entrepreneurship and software technology, and the impact of this modern generation of universities is unlikely without motivated human resources.

The purpose of this study was to explain the policy of the country's fourth generation universities towards motivating academic human resources.

This study was based on a mixed qualitative (metasynthesis) and quantitative (FCM) method. In the qualitative stage, 16 concepts have been defined using the theoretical, research and analytical foundations of experts and the analytical model and concepts in Matlab software. The output of the final matrix in the form of high-triangular matrix data for FCM design was entered into Mental Modeler online software and the graphic design model and weights of input, output, degree of centrality and any type of concepts were clarified.

According to the degree of centrality of each concept, professionalization through intelligent specialization as the first factor, excellence based on intra-university transcendence as the second meaningful concept and internationalization through the development of science and technology parks as the third important concept to achieve the optimum policy and use of human resources were introduced in the fourth generation universities of the country. Based on the output of FCM, four scenarios were designed, each of which represented the changes caused by the increase in other components.

Professionalization through intelligent specialization is an important priority in the way of motivating human resources of the fourth generation university.

Despite the importance of brand and branding for companies and organizations, some factors can lead to value decrease and destruction of the brand’s image in the eyes of customers. One of these factors is brand violations that company managers should always seek to control and adjust these types of violations in order to prevent damage caused by them. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the types of brand violations and identifying consumers’ reactions to them. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection method it is survey and exploratory, and it has a comparative and inductive research philosophy. The statistical population of the research consists of experts including marketing managers of food companies whose sample members were selected using the purposeful sampling method, based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is interview in the qualitative part and questionnaire in the quantitative part. The validity and reliability of the tools were analyzed using content validity and intra-coder inter-coder reliability for the interview and content validity and test-retest reliability for the questionnaire respectively. In this research, content analysis and coding methods were used in the qualitative part and fuzzy cognitive map method in the quantitative part for data analysis. The findings of the qualitative part include identifying the types of brand violations and consumers’ reactions to them, and the findings of the quantitative part are the prioritization of these factors. In this regard, the most important brand violations in the food industry are brand production violations in the form of violations before production and violations in the production process, which is shown in the form of using low-quality raw materials, supplying non-standard goods or services, violation in the assembly process and using expired raw materials. Also, the most common behavioral reaction of consumers is shown in the form of brand hatred and brand disgust.

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the challenges of rural tourism development in Lande city using fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. The study population consists of experts who are aware of the tourism issues of the city and have high work experience and university professors. To collect information using fuzzy cognitive mapping method, in the first step after identifying the research problem and selecting experts with the necessary knowledge, the experts' mind map was extracted during group intellectual meetings and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The responses were then categorized by the group facilitator based on the identified dimensions. The findings show that the cognitive mapping for rural tourism challenges includes 48 elements. Mapping analysis using FCMaper shows that these elements include 23 normal elements, 14 transmitter elements, and 11 receiver elements. The results obtained from mapping show that the element of incorrect use of loans and bank facilities in unrelated activities with having the highest input level is the most effective mapping element and the lack of proper communication road along tourist destination routes with having the highest output level is the most effective mapping element. Are study. Centrality is another indicator that shows the intensity of the effect of the elements and is obtained from the sum of inputs and outputs. Analyzes show that the element of lack of proper communication road along the target tourist routes with the highest degree of entry and exit is the most central element of mapping.

According to the importance of oil, gas and petrochemical industries and their related supply chain risks, this research with the aim of identifying logistics outsourcing risks, and proposing suitable risk management strategies is done. At first, logistics outsourcing to third party logistics (3PLs) providers were identified and classified in seven categories: strategic, financial, operational, design related, quality related, economic, changes in policies and government alteration. Main data gathering tools were questionnaire and interview. In data analysis phase, firstly, fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) was employed for analyzing risks and their interrelationships to determine their relative weight based on centrality measure and secondly, a combination of house of quality (HOQ) and multiple objective mathematical programming model were utilized to propose relevant risk mitigation strategies. Research findings show that the risk of unresponsiveness to customer needs is the most important one, following by disruption risks in operations, and uncontrollability on logistics operations. Further, requesting letter of credit from 3PL providers, creating black list, defining very strict quality standards and limits are among the most important preventive mitigation strategies. 3PLs ranking system design, using mixed contracts, holding tenders, and special attention to local suppliers have been identified as the most important flexibility strategies to mitigate risks. Finally, the most important process strategies to risk management were identified as improving the credit of company, establishing long-term relationships with 3PLs, enhancing resilience, and demand prediction and management system.

Understanding the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Business Continuity Management (BCM) and determining the relationships between these CSFc are the most important issue for the success or failure of companies. The main purpose of this study is to design a fuzzy cognitive strategic map for the CSFs of BCM in the petrochemical industry. Based on the purpose, this research is applied research. The research population includes 10 petrochemical companies in which the managers of the business continuity command center of these companies were selected as experts. The CSFs of BCM were identified using a systematic literature review and qualitative content analysis, and fuzzy cognitive mapping was used to design a fuzzy strategic map. The results show that 9 CSFs were identified, namely "business continuity strategy", "contingency planning", "crisis management", "emergency management", "Enterprise risk management", "disaster recovery", "continuity culture" "Business", "Senior Management Commitment and Support", and "Business Impact Analysis". This study also showed a communication model of the identified factors in which the relationships between the main and secondary factors with each other are determined. The business continuity strategy is the key CSF for BCM and has the highest centrality index. This research can develop theoretical literature on the CSFs of BCM and also provide useful insights for managers of the surveyed organizations, in particular, and other organizations, in general, to implement BCM.

Among the various fields of tourism, geriatric tourism has received a lot of attention due to its capabilities and competitive advantages. Also, due to the aging population of Iran, especially Yazd province and the special needs of this group, in this study, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the development of geriatric health tourism using fuzzy cognition mapping and network analysis approach. Social media. This mixed research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. For this purpose, after stating the subject and reviewing the research background, the factors affecting elderly health tourism were identified and then a matrix questionnaire was provided to 164 health tourists who had traveled to Yazd province to receive health services, and then to collect data. Were paid. Then we analyzed the data using FCMapper and Ucinet software. Findings indicate that among the identified factors, the factors of passing supportive laws, improving the quality of medical services and maintaining patient safety are more centralized than other factors, which means that more flashes are entered and from it comes out. Finally, scenarios were written based on these three factors and suggestions were made for the development of geriatric health tourism.

ICT research centers are the research arm of the movement towards the fourth industrial revolution. Some of these centers are confused in identifying the factors that have the greatest impact on achieving their goals, and it is necessary to extract their success factors by research. This research first identifies the key success factors of some of the world's most successful ICT research institutes and then evaluates and prioritizes the identified success factors in Iran's ICT research institutes using fuzzy cognitive mapping. The statistical population of the research is ICT experts and professors. In this research, eight research institutes were selected for comparative study. The key success factors for the selected research institutes are identified based on the existing strategic documents and thematic analysis method, and then, based on the four matrices of initial impact, fuzzy impact, impact power, and final impact, and Mental Modeler software, the fuzzy cognitive mapping is created. According to the created model, four scenarios are created in the software and the relative changes of each index are determined. Based on the results of the best scenario, factors such as effective and efficient management systems, connection to relevant scientific networks, integration of industry with ICT applications.

In today's world, the media is more influential than ever in the behavior of the target audience. The message sent by them can be interpreted in different ways. Many tourist destinations use the media to attract tourists and develop their destinations. One of the most popular media in the field of tourism is television, which can be a good reflection of the characteristics and attractions of a tourist destination by sending images, sound and movement. In order for the message to be designed to be efficient and effective in this regard, its features need to be defined in accordance with the purpose of introducing the destination. This research is aimed at explaining these features for television media with a qualitative-quantitative approach and using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM). By conducting documentary studies and interviews with experts in the field of tourism and media, eight factors were identified and their relationship was explained using fuzzy cognitive mapping, and the importance of each in meeting the goal was examined. The findings showed that the three characteristics of educating and informing tourists were more important than other characteristics by emphasizing advertising and news exposure, creating TV shows on tourism and engaging tourists on the image of a destination, and finally choosing that destination. .

Expert knowledge management for reuse is always considered by researchers. The present study identifies the dimensions and components affecting knowledge management using fuzzy cognitive mapping method. In existing researches, many methods have been proposed to identify the factors affecting knowledge management, and have been developed in accordance with the specific environmental conditions and the type of knowledge in question. Despite extensive research and numerous knowledge management projects, identifying these factors in organizations has always faced many challenges. What is important in this article is to solve the problem of knowledge management through fuzzy cognitive mapping in Iranian organizations and especially in the Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization. For data collection, the method of expert meetings and the formation of a focus group with the presence of 8 experts in the field of knowledge and knowledge management was used and using previous research, a total of 9 factors were identified; The importance of each of these components was determined using FCMaper software and its fuzzy perceptual mapping pattern map was drawn using Pajek software. The results showed that among the 9 components, "joint venture" and "cooperation" were in a higher degree of importance than other factors.

"Contrary to automotive, commodity-based, and money-oriented cities, a people-oriented city is an organic and systematic city based on human virtues and commune where people are concerned about each others’ rights. In such a city, humans are the main focus of urban planners, urban developers, and, most importantly, municipal decision-makers and executives. Therefore, here the biological, spiritual, and psychological needs of humans are the fundamental elements taken into account by urban management. This city, then, could unite urban spaces and tourists. Considering its great potentials, Yazd could be a good case for tourism development, building people-oriented cities, and improving the desirability of urban life. This qualitative-quantitative study sought to explore the feasibility of building a people-oriented city in Yazd province based on urban planning and the causal factors involved in this regard, intending to attract more tourists to this region. To this end, 14 interviews were conducted with tourism and urban planning experts, out of which 19 factors involved in building such a city were identified. The causal relationship between the identified factors was examined through a mixed-method approach, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. The study’s findings indicated that educating the citizens, developing a sense of familiarity with the environment, and reducing environmental pollutions (soil, water, air) were the three most important factors for developing people oriented-cities in Yazd province, Iran. "