مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 109، خرداد و تیر 1399)

Incidences of overweight obesity are increasing in the world and it is an alarm for health community. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary habits with body mass index in Urmia.

In this study, 453 female students were selected by multi-stage sampling. Anthropometric indices including height, weight and waist circumference were measured using standard methods and calibrated instruments. The dietary habits were determined using a researcher-made questionnaire.

In this study, the frequency of side activity during meals was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in subjects with normal weight (P = 0.034), and physical activity significantly higher in subjects with normal weight than overweight and obese (P = 0.001). Consumption of breakfast every day before going to school (P = 0.04), eating three meals regularly (P = 0.003), and healthy snack at school (P = 0.05) were directly related to underweight. In the multiple logistic regression model only eating three regular meals (OR = 1.837, 85% CI (1.35-2.51), P = 0.005) had a direct association with underweight.

The results of this study show that side activity during meals increased risk of overweight and obesity. Eating all three meals regularly and eating breakfast every day before going to school were associated with an increased risk of underweight.

The photocatalytic process has been used for many years in industrialized countries as a solution to the world's environmental pollution. During the oxidative photo-catalytic processes, the pollutants are completely degraded by UV irradiation in the presence of semi-conductor catalysts, and are converted to CO2 and H2O. In this work, for the first time, the use of a 9-Watt UVC lamp with synthetic zinc oxide nanoparticles for degradation of atenolol is studied.

The main objective of this work is to investigate the effect of synthetic zinc oxide photo-catalyst on the rate of destruction of atenolol as an organic pollutant in wastewater using low-intensity UV light. The effects of parameters such as concentration of atenolol, amount of photo-catalyst, pH, stirring rate, atmospheric nitrogen, and presence of various ions are studied in the photocatalytic reaction.

An oxidation reaction is performed under the optimal experimental conditions, i.e. 20 mg L-1 of atenolol, 10 mg L-1 of the photo-catalyst, pH 7.0, and a stirring rate of 600 rpm. After 120 minutes of irradiation, atenolol was degraded completely. Kinetic studies under optimized conditions are shown pseudo- first order kinetic.

The results of this study indicate the acceptable performance of the photocatalytic degradation process of synthetic zinc oxide nanoparticles and 9-watt mercury vapor lamp in the decomposition of atenolol.

The deposition of β-amyloid in the brain is a pathologicfeature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Low doses of morphine, can enhance memory. Theaim of present study,was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of morphine on memory in Healthy and Streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.

In first experiment animals were divided to: Control and Morphine group which were injected with saline and Morphine (5mg/kg, ip) for 10 days. In the second experiment animals were divided to: control, sham operated and groups treated with STZ and STZ plus saline or morphine (2 mg/kg.). For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μl/injection site) were administered intolateral ventricles. Morphine or saline, were injected for 10days. All rates were trained in the Morris water maze.

Our results show that chronic injection of Morphine (5mg/kg) impaired spatial learning but improves spatial memory in Healthy rats. our results also show that i.c.v. injection of STZ significantly increased escape latency and Swimming distance to find the hidden platform in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The amnesic effect of STZ was prevented in rats treated with Low doses of Morphine, So The latency time and Swimming distance to find the platform in the STZ+ Morphine (2 mg/kg) group rats were significantly lower than STZ group (P<0.05). conversely, the percentage of time spent and distance swimming in the target quadrant in theprobe test in the STZ+ Morphine group rats were significantly higher than those in the STZ group.

Higher doses of Morphine, impairs, learning in Healthy rats, whereas Low doses of Morphine, improved , learning and memory in the STZ rat model of AD. The results suggest that treatment with Low doses of Morphine is useful for treatment of cognitive impairment in AD.

With attention to considered various cognitive beliefs in psychopathology of disorders, the purpose of this study was comparison of cognitive beliefs include; thought action fusion (TAF), responsibility and the overestimation of threat (RT), and overimportance and control thoughts (ICT), perfectionism and the intolerance of uncertainty (PC) in obsessive –compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression disorder (MDD) and normal group for more clarification psychopathology of these disorders.

This study is causal-comparative research. The clinical samples include patients with OCD, GAD and MDD that referred to Sari Shahid Zareh hospital in 2015. From each of these clinical groups and normal people, 30 persons were selected available sampling method and accomplish obsessive beliefs questionnaire and thought action fusion scale. Data were analyzed by MANOVA.

The result of MANOVA and Tukey posthoc test showed that OCD group were significantly higher than other groups in TAF, RT and ICT (p

In recent years, the drug resistance and side effects of antimicrobial drugs have increased in the treatment of infections. Therefore, the use of new herbal medicines with less side effects and nanotechnology in the medical arena can be a great help in treating these types of infections. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of silver nanoparticles and methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis on four strains of pathogens bacterial . In this descriptive-laboratory study, the plant was identified as a plant of C.officinalis, based on herbological characteristics in the Herbarium section of Azad University, Ahar Branch. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of methanolic extract of C.officinalis were studied by Soxhlet extractor method at concentrations of 20 mg / ml to 400 mg / ml of methanolic extract and 10 to 80 μg / ml concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Then, their antibacterial effects were investigated using well-diffusion and dilution methods. The findings showed that methanolic extract of C.officinalis prevents the growth of S.aureus, B.cereus and E.coli. While the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on P.aeruginosa and E.coli bacteria is more than gram-positive bacteria. The effect of the combination of C.officinalis extract and silver nanoparticles was much greater than the effect of each of them. The results showed that the flower extract of the C.officinalis has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, this extract can be a good option for future studies in In Vivo to provide antibacterial drugs.

Menopause is natural phenomenon and it is a stage of a woman's life in which, the menstruation period ends as a result of the reduction of the ovaries activity and the lack of estrogen. Since blood pressure and insulin resistance is a major problem in older women, The purpose of this study would be studying the effect of combined training with and without consuming the flaxseed on the Insulin resistance and blood pressure of postmenopausal women.

This quasi-experimental study,27postmenopausal women with the age group of 50 to 60 years old and the BMI equal to 25 to30kg/m2, were selected using the available sampling method. Then they were randomly divided into two groups called the combined training(12people)and the combined training plus flaxseed(15people).The aerobic exercise was performed with the intensity of 60to80 percent of the maximal heart rate and the resistance exercise with the intensity of60to80 percent of a maximal repetition .complementary was given by using25 gr of the milled flaxseed. The blood samples were collected for measuring insulin resistance and analyzed using SPSS software and Independent and independent t test, respectively, to compare intra-group and inter-group differences at a significant level of P <0.05.

The results indicated that eight weeks of combined training with flaxseed consumption caused an increase maximal oxygen consumption(p=0.001),decrease in BMI(p=0.001)and reduce blood pressure(p=0.001),Combined exercise alone significantly decreased BMI(p=0.001)and decreased blood pressure(p= 0.001).

It seems that eight weeks of combined training alone and with flaxseed consumption can improve aerobic fitness, body composition and blood pressure in postmenopausal women.

The amount of exclusive breastfeeding in Iran during the years1991- 2015is estimated 10- 53%,for improwing this, in the first step,the effective factors should be determined.Due to the lack of standard and indigenous questionnaires on the determinants of effective factors on lactation,this study aimed to design and validate native instruments for measuring thefactors affecting exclusive breastfeeding in Kashmars nulliparous based on the theory of planned behavior.

In this cross-sectional study,original tool was designed using the literature review and need assessment of beliefs To validate participated10nursing mothers,content-related validity through the panel of experts with the participation of10 experts in health education and tool design and validity Structures were studied by selecting156 of the survey population.The reliability of the tool was examined by internal consistency and Ray-Test.

The initial questionnaire was designed with 67 items. In the face value and validity of qualitative literature content,some questions were changed and in the face validity,6 items were omitted due to the score of less than11.5.In content validity,considering the cutting point79/0to measure content validity index and cut point of./62for the ratio of credit,18 items were deleted. Structural validity was performed by confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software,The Reliability of the tool was also approved using methods such as internal consistency(α=0.832)and its stability through retest method (ICC=70.38).Conclusion Questionnaire designed for effective factors on exclusive breastfeeding in primipara women is a trustworthy tool with acceptable reliability and validity and we recommend it in related studiesKeywords: exclusive breastfeeding, theory of planned behavior, design and psychometric.

More than 2 million people are exposed to wood dusts every day around the world. Exposure to wood dust increases the prevalence of respiratory diseases and cancer incidence. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the risk assessment of workers exposure to inhalable wood dust in the carpentries in Sari City.

This cross-sectional study conducted in 27 carpentries in Sari City in septumber, October and November ,2017. 43 workers were selected randomly. Inhalable wood dust were measured in the basis of the standard method number 0500 recommended by NIOSH using a calibrated personal sampling pump and an IOM sampler. The risk of exposure to wood dust then was measured using a recommended method by Singapore institute of occupational safety and health.

The average concentration of the inhalable wood dust in total carpentries was 15.30( mg)/m^3 and also in carpentries , MDF cutting, MDF/Carpentry, wood cutting, furniture making and wood carving workshops were 18.58±11.94, 19.49±17.3,8.32±7.5,10.48±6.05,3.44±3.98,4.77±0 mg/m^3 respectively. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of inhalable wood dust and the ambient temperature and the general ventilation. The risk of Exposure to inhalable wood dust were evaluated in the medium levels for all workshops.

The workers’ personal exposure to inhalable wood dust in carpentries in sari city was higher than Occupational Exposure Limit recommended by national and international recommended levels. The higher workers’ exposure to inhalable wood dust was found in lower ambient temperature and in the absence of general ventilation.

The current study aimed to design and explain the communication model of ISO role in human resource education quality.

This study was cross-sectional (quantitative and qualitative) that was done via Grounded theory. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section included professors and experts (n=10) who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative section, the statistical population was all employees of Tehran Amir al-momenin Hospital (n=370) in the year 2019 that based on the Cochran formula, 226 people were selected by random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on the quality of human resources education (40 items). The face and content validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling via PLS software.

The results showed that the quality of human resources education had five components of educational needs analysis, curriculum design, and implementation of the training process, evaluation of the training process and monitoring of the training process.

In this model, the mentioned components had the most impact on the quality of human resources education with 11.83%, 8.79%, 7.84%, 6.72% and 6.72% variance, respectively. Also, the components were able to explain 77.70% of the variance in the quality of human resources training and had a good fit model.

spatial memory is one of the cognitive abilities that plays an important role in our daily life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of disease diabetes type 1 on spatial memory, taking into account the role of modulation rumination in adolescents.

A sample of 80 people (40 healthy and 40 patients) were selected through a sampling method. After collecting the rumination questionnaire, subjects were tested by assignment test of Curci blocks for spatial memory assessment. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using SPSS software using multiple covariance analysis.

The effect of diabetes and rumination on spatial memory was not significant (P = 0.001); there was no significant difference between the interactions of rumination and type 1 diabetes.

Disease diabetes mellitus did not affect spatial memory. Also, high rumination did not interfere with spatial memory function.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of endurance training with ginger supplementation on CRP and TNF-α in young girls aged 20 to 30.

In this semi-experimental study,32 young girls 20-30 years old were randomly assigned in four groups (control, supplement, practice and practice + supplement). The weight mean and standard deviation of participants were (61.17 ± 11.1) kilograms, and their body mass index were (23.45 ± 2.7). Training program was planned for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Each session consisted of 45 – 60 minutes with an intensity of 65-75 Vo2 max. The supplement and practice + supplement groups received daily one gram of ginger (Four 250 mg capsules) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last training session. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene's Test, Covariance (ANCOVA) And Bonferroni and by SPSS 20.

The findings showed that endurance training decreases significantly TNF-α in Young girls 20-30 years old.

Intensive, long-term activity can damage the immunity system and cause inflammation. So, a natural anti-inflammatory intermediate like green tea has attracted the interests. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of green tea consumption and intensive aerobic exercise training on body composition, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase parameters in sedentary young men.

Thirty-eight sedentary young men (age: 19.87±1.63 years) were participated in study and were randomly divided into four groups: green tea + aerobic training, aerobic training, green tea, and control. The subjects took three mg green tea or placebo a day with their meals. Also, green tea + aerobic training and aerobic training groups had aerobic training with 55-85% of maximum heart beat rate three sessions a week for one month. Blood samples were taken before and after four weeks and 24 hours after El-Estado test and their creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Data were analyzed with t-paired test and covariance test.

It was revealed that fat percentage was significantly lower in green tea group (p < 0.001) but, no significance was observed in other variables.

It seems that green tea consumption with regular, short aerobic activities can favorably affect subcutaneous fat percentage.

Leptin is mainly produced in adipose tissue and plays an important role in regulatingglucose metabolism. It seems that exercise training can improve glucose homeostasis and leptin level in human. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic interval, non-liner resistance and concurrent training on the level of serum leptin and insulin resistance in overweight women.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 volunteers women were randomly assigned (n=10 each) to non‐training control, aerobic interval training, non-liner resistance training, or concurrent training group.Subjects in Exercise group were on 12-week supervised exercise training program of four three per week, whereas the control group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Insulin resistance and leptin were assessed from fasting bloodsamples before and after 12-week of intervention.All data were analyzed using Statisticalsoftware version 24 and the levels of statistical significance were set at P<0.05.

At baseline, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin were not different between the groups. Fasting blood sugar improved in concurrent resistance group (P=0.005), whereas no relevant change occurred in other groups. In other hand, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin did not change throughout the study.

In summary, compared to either aerobic interval or non-liner resistance training alone, concurrent training is as efficacious for improving fasting blood sugar in overweight women.

No study compared the effectiveness of the green tea, fiber, caffeine and L-carnitine on weight loss in individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of green tea, fiber, caffeine and L-carnitine in clinical aspects of people.Design: The databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochran were searched up to November 2018. The pairwise method was used to compare the difference between the mean weight loss of drugs in two direct methods (comparison of drugs with the control group) and non-direct (Compare medications together).

The present study performed on 73 clinical studies with a cumulative population of 3921, showed that caffeine (-0.88 kg; -2.60 to -0.84), caffeine + catechine (-0.74 kg; -1.70 to 0.21), green tea (-0.61 kg; -1.33 to -0.11), fiber (-0.31 kg; -0.79 to -0.17), respectively, had the most effect on weight loss compared with the placebo group. In addition, carnitine supplementation did not effect on weight loss.

The present study indicated that green tea supplementation had a lower effect on weight loss compared with caffeine and caffeine+catechin, and had a greater effect on weight loss compared with fiber and carnitine.

Self-harm is defined as a deliberate act of self-harm without thinking of suicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Mentalization Based Therapy on increasing the quality of family relationships and reducing their self-harm behavior in adolescent girls.

This research was a pretest-posttest-interventional pattern with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescent girls from Avan in 2017-18. Of these, 30 available samples were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The intervention included 8 training sessions on the Mentalization Based Therapy. Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Quality of relationship inventory and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory were used. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and Chi square test.

showed that there is a significant difference between the mean quality of family relationships and the mentality of the experimental and control group (P P).

A positive change in mentalization and improvement in family relationships can reduce self-harm. The results of the research are based on the Mentalization Based Therapy of the quality of family relationships and self-harm behavior in adolescent girls.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is an episode of major depression that has many negative effects on the mother and the newborn child. Some factors have been identified as the predictive factors for PPD in peripartum such as Peripartum and Postpartum Depression, and preterm labor. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and PPD.

This research was a longitudinal study conducted in Darreh Shahr County, Ilam Province in 2015-2016. Of the 365 women who were pregnant about 38 weeks, 303 ones who had no depression according to the Edinburgh questionnaire were put under the study. The under study group was reexamined again with the Edinburgh questionnaire 6 to 8 weeks after delivery. 31 of them achieved grade 13 or greater of whom 29 ones were approved that had depression by a psychiatrist. The study was conducted on this group. Afterwards the relationship between breastfeeding and PPD and other effective variables including type of delivery, place of residence and etc, was investigated by dividing the samples into two groups namely depressed and non-depressed subjects.

Among the variables studied it was only breastfeeding that was connected to postpartum depression (P=0/004). This relationship was also positive (P =0/ 02) in the multivariate regression analysis.

The results revealed that in the case of exclusive breastfeeding, the rate of PPD was decreased. Due to the high rate of prevalence of PPD

Achieving a healthy community depends on the health of the healthy family, provided that people have mental health and have good relationships with each other. Hence, healthy relationships between family members will certainly have positive effects. Important factors will always be the source of stress. This research aims to determine the role of mediating force Psychology was about satisfaction with life with personality traits and social problem solving styles.

The statistical population of this study was married people who were referred to the neighborhood of Tehran in 2012, 308 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in one and four regions. And personalization features such as SPSI-R, Life satisfaction (LSI), and Ranjara Force's questionnaire.

Based on the results of path analysis, most of the direct coefficients are significant and the indirect coefficients of coping style, stability, flexibility, independence, sensitivity and association with life satisfaction are significant through the variable of mental force. Also, the direct coefficients of the median variable with the main dependent variable of the model, life satisfaction, are also significant at the level of 0.01.

The results showed that levels of life satisfaction are not just a secondary phenomenon, which is a product of the positive experiences of life or personality characteristics, and so on.

One of the important units in hospital where there is a lot of hazard, is the operating room. One of the most important groups that is exposure to these hazards are operation room nurses. Given that there are few studies on the abundance and causes of hazards for operating room nurses, The presents study was conducted with the aim of determining the occupational hazards evaluation of the operating room and the causes of the it.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which besides a variety of hazards, the causes of the hazards were also questioned. Samples were selected in an accessible manner.

Of the 70 operating room nurses, 45 completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Among the operational hazards of the operating room, chemical hazards were the most endangered by the average exposure of 26.09 times. Ergonomic hazards with an average number of exposure times of 10.38 and accidental hazards with an average number of exposures of 10.44 are second and third respectively .

Operating room nurses exposure to different hazards. Some of the causes of these hazards can be resolved with simple planning and low cost. Elimination of these causes can have a great impact on reducing risks, reducing costs and improving the quality of the operating room.Key words: Occupational hazards, operating room nurses, operating room

Thiopental Sodium is a commonly used drug in anesthesia, but it is not ideal because barbiturate is prohibited in acute and allergic porphyria, and is not recommended in asthmatic and hypovolemic patients. Propofol is the newest drug in anesthesia due to its rapid onset, short duration of action, anti-nausea and a feeling comfort after use, its consumption is increasing. It is also safe in porphyry and asthma. This study compares the use of sodium antiproliferative drug propofol to reduce the need for opiate.

This study was conducted on 173 patients admitted to Sabzevar Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into two study and control groups. Anesthesia induction was performed in the study group with propofol 2. 2 kg / mg and with thiopental sodium 5 kg / mg, in both groups, blood pressure and heart beats were measured before and after induction and minutes 1, 5 and 11 afterintubation. Within 1-2-3-4 hours after operation with a pain control chart, the intensity of the pain was checked and the data were recorded.

In the propofol group at the 4th hour, 44 individuals feel mild pain, and 9 had moderate, but severe pain was not reported(P=0/44). In the thiopental group at the fourth hour, 53 patients feel mild pain, 11 had moderate and 5 had severe pain(P=0/44).

Propofol increases the threshold of postoperative pain, so it can be a good alternative to thiopental.

Self-efficacy is a predictor of health behaviors, including physical activity and eating habits. Health literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain, process and understand information and basic health services needed for health decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education based on self-efficacy theory on health literacy, self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity in second-grade female studentsMaterials and MethodsThis research was a Semi-experimental study in which 92 female students aged 15-18 years were randomly selected through simple random sampling and assigned to two groups of test and control. Data gathering tools were demographic information, Health Literacy (NVS), self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity questionnaires. Educational intervention was designed and implemented in a 40-minute training session in the experimental group. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical tests by SPSS software.ResultsBefore intervention, there was no significant difference between the two test and control groups in terms of mean score of health literacy, self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity. But after intervention, there was a significant difference in health literacy score (P= 0.001), self-efficacy of regular eating habits .