فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 86، بهار 1400)

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important problems in the nursing profession. Considering the importance of the subject and the dangers of this disorder, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the factors affecting it in the nursing profession.

The present study is a cross-sectional-analytical study in which the risk factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession of Khorramabad teaching hospitals in 1398 have been evaluated. A total of 210 nurses were enrolled in the study by stratified sampling. The data collection tool was the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.

In this study, out of 210 samples, 114 (54.3%) were male and 96 (45.7%) were female. The mean age of nurses was 30.46 ± 7.93 years with a maximum of 55 years and a minimum of 20 years. The mean BMI of nurses was 24.40± 2.3 with a maximum of 34.05 and a minimum of 17.54. The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in at least one member was 206 (98.1%).  There was a significant relationship between gender and musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulders and wrists (p<0.05). But there was no significant relationship between gender and musculoskeletal disorders in the elbow, upper back, lower back, buttocks, buttocks, thighs, knees, ankles (p> 0.05). Also, a significant relationship was observed between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders in the elbow and upper back (p<0.05).

The most musculoskeletal disorders of the nursing staff were in the shoulders, neck, knees, upper back and lower back, ankles, thighs, buttocks, buttocks, wrists, and elbows, respectively. Therefore, regarding the reduction of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses, nursing managers should be aware of the results of this study, by establishing proper communication with nurses and their support and creating a suitable environment for nurses to continue their professional activities in order to reduce physical needs and psychological pressures. And focus on increasing the quality of life.

Introduction Heart disease and its psychological complications are known to be the most important causes of mortality in the world. Compares in heart patients.

The present study was a pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population included a number of women with heart disease in Khorramabad in 1399, of whom 45 were available ( 15 people in the first group 15 people in the second group 15 people in the control group) Intervention in the two treatment groups was held separately in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each and no training was applied for the control group. The instrument of this study was the 12-item self-care scale developed by Jarsma and the 20-item treatment follow-up (5 general follow-up questions and 15 specific follow-up questions) developed by Hayes. The test answered its questions and multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The combination of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and self-compassion training and emotion-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy improves self-care and adherence to treatment in women with cardiovascular disease (p <0.05) and percentage Their improvement was higher than the control group (p <0.05). But the two experimental groups were not significantly different (P <0.05).

The combination of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and self-compassion training and emotion-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy leads to continuity and management in self-care, symptom detection and adherence to physician recommendations in women with cardiovascular disease.

Although using anticoagulants and antiplatelet is common in management of COVID-19, its effectiveness, necessity and indications are not clear. In this study we investigated the effects of these drugs on COVID-19 outcome including fatality and length of stay (LOS).

The study was performed with data mining method on 6054 electronic records of the confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the educational hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Investigation of the association with fatality was with logistic regression and investigation of the association with LOS was with Poisson regression.

Chi square analysis showed that male gender, ICU admission, heparins and aspirin were associated with increased fatality (P <0.05 for gender and P <0.001 for the others). After adjusting the effects of the covariates in logistic regression, the risk effect of heparin was removed (P =0.550). Marginal analysis plot showed that heparin administration for ages more than 60 was associated with mortality reduction in ICU admitted patients. None of these drugs could reduce LOS.

This study showed that heparin has no effect on COVID-19 fatality. Heparin could reduce risk of death in ICU admitted patients with age more than 60. Aspirin showed increased risk of fatality which does not necessarily mean a harmful effect. After completing the evidence, we can assay risk of thrombosis before heparin administration.

Hemodialysis is a stressful process and is associated with social-  psychosocial problems, so the present study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy before starting dialysis, with and without sport exercises combined with mindfulness during dialysis to assess the hope of these patients.

The research design was semi-experimental with a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all hemodialysis patients under the auspices of Imam Zaman Hospital in Mashhad from July to December 2020. 60 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into three groups (First: Acceptance and commitment therapy before starting dialysis and Second: Acceptance and commitment with and without sport exercises combined with mindfulness during dialysis) and control. Also, after 2 months, was performed on the groups follow-up test. The research tool included a hope questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that both acceptance and commitment groups before dialysis (P <0.001) and acceptance and commitment group with and without sport exercises combined with mindfulness during dialysis (P <0.001) is effective in increased hope (P <0.05) on hemodialysis patients.

Treatment based on Acceptance and commitment alone as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to increase the hope of hemodialysis patients.

Stroke is the most important cause of death in the world and in Iran after heart disease and cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation on memory and executive function in patients with stroke in Yasuj.

The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group and 6-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with stroke who referred to Shahid Beheshi Hospital in Yasouj. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). The experimental group for 22 sessions of 90 minutes under the method Underwent neuropsychological rehabilitation therapy. In order to collect research data, the Concise Examination Scale, Wechsler Working Memory Test, Adult Wechsler Clinical Memory and the Tower of London Problem Solving Test (were used. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance or repeated measures with Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the neuropsychological rehabilitation approach was effective on memory and executive function of people with stroke and significantly improved memory and executive function of people with stroke (P < 0/05).

According to a research finding, the neuropsychological approach to improving memory can be the executive function of people with stroke.

Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of blood malignancies and has a high mortality rate in the world. Cytogenetic abnormalities are one of the several risk factors that have been suggested for this disease. With advances in the design and use of various drugs for AML treatment, leukemic cells using various mechanisms can become resistant to the cytotoxicity of drugs. Indeed, these factors result in cancer survival and treatment failure. On the other hand, predicting prognosis and relapse of the disease depends on drug resistance of leukemic cells and choosing of treatment process. Our aim in this review article is to investigate the most common ways of AML treatment failure. By knowing these factors, more effective drugs are produced and new therapeutic protocoles are used in the treatment of AML.

Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential solution in the treatment of many blood malignancies and immune disorders, graft versus host disease (GVHD) has posed many challenges. Chronic (c)GVHD is one of the leading causes of death in acute GVHD survivors. Up to 70% of transplanted patients will experience cGVHD. Various studies have demonstrated the essential role of B cells in the development of cGVHD. These cells use various mechanisms in triggering cGVHD, including production of alloantibodies, activation of complement system, promoting antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and cross-presentation of antigens and immune complexes to CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. B cells can also interfere the peripheral tolerance of T cells. High level of alloreactive and autoreactive B cells as well as low level of regulatory B cells are observed in cGVHD patients, and are associated with the cGVHD severity. Therefore, B cell subsets should be considered in the transplantation procedure. B cell manipulation and targeting in allogeneic transplantation could be a promising approach to prevent and control cGVHD. In this article, we reviewed the roles of B cells in the pathophysiology of cGVHD.

A high-fat diet(HFD) can damage the kidneys. Aloe vera gel with fat reducing properties is used to treat kidney disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera ethanolic extract on biochemical parameters and histological in the kidney tissue of rats fed with HFD.

In this study , 40 adult male Wistar rats were purchased and randomly categorized in to the 5 groups animals, including two control groups ( control, control fed with a HFD and The experimental groups were divided into simultaneous recipient (H.F.D) and doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg / kg of aloe vera extract, respectively Prescriptions were performed for 60 days.finally after blood sampling, kidney tissue was dissected and histopathologically examined histopathologically and serum concentrations of BUN ,total protein , creatinine and albumin were measured. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc test.

Fed with a H.F.D increased the serum concenrations of BUN and creatinine and decreased serum albumin concentrations (P<0.05).The use of aloe vera extract in rats fed a high-fat diet improved renal tissue, significantly reduced BUN concentrations, and increased serum albumin and total protein concentrations.No significant effect was observed in the mean serum concentrations of creatinine in the groups receiving aloe vera Ethanolic extract.

  aloevera ethanolic extract  may reduced serum concentrations BUN, increased serum albumin , total protein in rats fed with a HFD. Also, aloevera extract improved the structure of kidney tissue.

Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular complications, especially acute myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that exercise can alter the pathways of myocardial apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of two weeks of intense intermittent exercise on Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspas-3 in the heart tissue of male rats.

20 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks (mean weight 224.41 5 5.1 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, training, stroke and stroke-training. The training groups performed two weeks of intense intermittent training in four sections. The first section received two sessions three days a week, each session consisting of four intense two-minute intervals at a speed of 35 to 40 meters per minute, with an active 2-minute rest interval between the two rotations. The exercises of the second part included two days a week, two sessions each day containing 4 intense 2-minute intervals and 3 2-minute active rest intervals. The third section, on three days a week, included 5 intense cycles and 4 active rest cycles. The fourth part consisted of two days a week with the same intensity as the third part, but with an increase in the frequency of activity and active rest in each session. Finally, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspas-3 proteins were measured using ELISA kit in blood samples taken from heart tissue and the data obtained using the analysis of variance were measured. Paths were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant decrease in Bax and Caspas-3 indices between exercise-stroke and stroke groups (P = 0.000), but Bcl-2 index in exercise-stroke group increased significantly compared to stroke group. (P = 0.000) was associated.

Based on the results of the present study, performing 2 weeks of intense intermittent exercise reduces apoptosis and myocardial infarction and can protect the heart from possible injuries.

Middle-aged women experience changes in bone density due to the transition to menopause. The process of bone measurement and analysis can be continuously controlled by measuring the biochemical markers of bone circulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of osteoporosis using serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in active middle-aged women.

A total of 50 active premenopausal women, 46 active menopausal women and 55 active postmenopausal women in the age range of 35-65 years and an average weight of 57.13 kg with medical records and clinical trials were selected and available at Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Tehran. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between the indicators and bone mineral density. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 (P≤0.05).

The results of the present study showed that the level of mineral density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae before menopause was significantly different from during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.05), and the lowest decrease was observed before menopause. Also, serum levels of osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in both groups during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.01).

The results showed high serum levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in both menopausal and postmenopausal women. Given that these indicators are one of the main factors determining the premature decrease in bone mineral density in middle-aged women, it can be said that one of the applications of the present study is to use the value of these indicators in predicting bone mineral density and possibly He used these blood variables to identify active women aged 35 to 65 years at risk for osteoporosis.

Middle-aged women experience changes in bone density due to the transition to menopause. The process of bone measurement and analysis can be continuously controlled by measuring the biochemical markers of bone circulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of osteoporosis using serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in active middle-aged women.
 

A total of 50 active premenopausal women, 46 active menopausal women and 55 active postmenopausal women in the age range of 35-65 years and an average weight of 57.13 kg with medical records and clinical trials were selected and available at Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Tehran. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between the indicators and bone mineral density. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 (P≤0.05).

The results of the present study showed that the level of mineral density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae before menopause was significantly different from during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.05), and the lowest decrease was observed before menopause. Also, serum levels of osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in both groups during menopause and after menopause (P≤0.01).

The results showed high serum levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in both menopausal and postmenopausal women. Given that these indicators are one of the main factors determining the premature decrease in bone mineral density in middle-aged women, it can be said that one of the applications of the present study is to use the value of these indicators in predicting bone mineral density and possibly He used these blood variables to identify active women aged 35 to 65 years at risk for osteoporosis.

One of the most common knee ligament injuries is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture which is associated with limited range of motion (ROM). Therefore, the aim aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a course of kinesiotherapy on pain, joint range of motion and knee strength in patients with ACL injury before surgery.

A total of 20 male patients with ACL injury ranging in age from 17 to 29 years were divided into two groups of kinesiotherapy (n = 11) and control (n = 9). The kinesiotherapy group underwent three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Subjects were tested before and after the treatment. Pain variables, isokinetic strength of knee extensor muscles and knee joint ROM were measured by visual Analogue scale (VAS), goniometer and biodex dynamometer, respectively. Data were analyzed using Studentchr('39')s t-test at the significant level of p <0.05.

After a period of kinesiotherapy, the mean pain index, maximum quadriceps muscle torque and knee joint ROM improved in the kinesiotherapy group (P <0.05).

It seems that kinesiotherapy reduces pain, increases the knee joint ROM and strengthens the quadriceps muscles before surgery. According to the results of this study, the use of appropriate kinesiotherapy programs to improve the strength and knee joint ROM; can be a quick solution for athletes with ACL rupture before surgery.

: Decades have passed since the use of radiographic technology as an accurate paraclinical tool and it has always been tried to observe protective measures against ionizing radiation. This issue is especially important in the field of dentistry due to the frequent use of radiographs in the office. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the principles of radiation protection in dental offices in Ilam.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The number of samples was equal to 42 dental offices in Ilam. Information completed by checklist. Data were collected by SPSS24 software at a significance level of 0.05 and descriptive and inferential statistics.

There was no significant relationship between personnel protection methods with age and work experience, also between the device with gender and work experience (P>0.05). There was no significant relationship between processing method and between exposure time with age, gender and work experience (P>0.05). There was no significant relationship between radiography technique and age and gender (P>0.05) but there was a significant relationship with work experience (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the radiographer with gender and work experience (P<0.05) .

The results of this study indicated that dental

In recent years, the number of patients suffering from diabetic ulcers has increased and many studies have shown that stem cells can be effective in healing of skin ulcers. Common diabetic wound therapies face serious failures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of diabetic wounds and collagen changes following injection of fibroblast cells in male rats.

In this experimental study, streptozotocin induced diabetic male Wistar rats (n=16) were divided into two groups: control and foreskin derived fibroblast treated group. Wounds with a diameter of 0.8 cm were created in the back of rats and after subdermal injection fibroblast cells, the wound was evaluated by photographic method and Mason’s trichrome staining on days 7 and 21. Data were analyzed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

The healing and collagen production rate significantly increased in fibroblast cells treated group 7 and 21 days after treatment compared with control group (P<0.01).

Subdermal injection of foreskin derived fibroblast cells causes more collagen production and fast healing of diabetic wound therefore can be applied in cell therapy.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iran based on age standardized incidence. Multidisciplinary approach including surgery, pathology, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treatment of this cancer is of a great importance. In this study, we intend to investigate 2-year relapse free survival and the measure of tumor free safe margin in the breast conservation surgery patients undergoing multidisciplinary treatment.

This study was conducted in Firoozgar hospital of Tehran. Patient were imported to the study by census from May 2016 to September 2018 and followed up by September 2020. For the patients, superior, inferior, lateral, medial, anterior and deep margins were measured in lumpectomy samples. In addition, 2-year relapse was reported based on Poisson distribution.

In this study, 156 cases were initially selected by census that 81 of them were breast conservation surgery. The mean of safe margin was 1.73 superior, 2.02 inferior, 2.30 lateral, 2.41 medial, 1.49 anterior and 1.27 deep. Only one case of local recurrence was observed (relapse free survival = 98.77%).

Enough safe margin along with a multidisciplinary treatment approach was associated with the 98% relapse free survival which was more than previous studies. It seems that lower amounts of margin could also be associated with lower recurrence, but it is more important to use specialists of different majors to manage the patients. This approach is suggested to be used in future.

Comfort is a basic human need in all stages of life .It has a multidimensional and holistic concept in care. So that whenever the need for comfort is provided, patients are more able to develop healthy behaviors .Patient comfort is an integral part of nursing and nursing art.

This article is a review study that was conducted in 1400 by searching databases 10 years (from 2010 to 2020). After deleting articles that were not in Persian and English or the entire article could not be accessed, 14 articles were found as a result of the search.

Kolcaba defines comfort in three types of comfort needs (relief, ease, Transcendence) and four areas of human experience (physical, mental, environmental, and social). Comfort theory has become popular because of its simplicity and its applicability to various ices.

The most important need of patients and families, especially in difficult and stressful conditions, is comfort. This convenience includes a range of actions. Nurses, as the people who have the most contact with patients and family, also play an important role in creating comfort.

Shift work is one of the harmful factors of work, especially for the staff of health centers. Due to the necessity of the shift system in the operating room staff, this study was conducted in order to investigate the problems caused by shift work in the operating room experts of Khorramabad University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals in 2020.

The present study was a cross-sectional-analytical study that was performed on operating room experts working in Khorramabad teaching hospitals in 2020. Out of 115 operating room experts working in the mentioned hospitals, 105 of them who met the inclusion criteria were selected by census. The data collection tool in this study was the Survey of shift work (SOS) questionnaire. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 22 software at a significant level of P <0.05.

The mean age of the subjects was 30.21 5± 5.67 years, of which 82.9% were female and 17.1% were male. Findings showed that there is no significant relationship between gender and different problems caused by shift work. In this study, most of the problems related to shift work were gastrointestinal problems with 78.1%. The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between shift age and the incidence of cardiovascular problems (P <0.05). This study also showed that there is a statistically significant difference between shift work and family and social problems P-value <0.05.

The results of this study showed that shift work has the potential to cause physical complications such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, mental and circadian rhythm disorders. Therefore, measures should be considered such as selecting people voluntarily in the work shift system and having regular rotation programs to prevent the occurrence of these complications in shift workers.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion can lead to acute renal failure. The use of antioxidants is a good way to reduce the damage caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of indole-3-acetic acid on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through its antioxidant properties in a rat model.

Forty male rats were treated for 2 weeks in four groups included (control group, ischemia-reperfusion control group, ischemia-reperfusion group with 40 mg/kg indole acetic acid treatment and ischemia-reperfusion group with 60 mg/kg indole acetic acid treatment). Then, the blood sample was taken from the heart. Serum urea and creatinine levels were measured using biochemical kits and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels were measured using photometric methods.

The results showed that ischemia-reperfusion caused a significant increase in urea )P≤0/05) and creatinine) P≤0/05) levels and a significant decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase in ischemia-reperfusion rats compared to the control group. However, indole acetic acid caused a significant decrease in serum urea) P≤0/05) and creatinine e)P≤0/05) levels and a non-significant increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme compared to the ischemia-reperfusion control group )P>0/05).

The use of indol acetic acid was involved in reducing the renal biochemical parameters of urea and creatinine, which were increased due to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and caused the level of Super oxide dismutase enzyme to increase non-significant.

One risk factor for heart disease is type 2 diabetes, which plays a major role in mortality from cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of endurance training and Empagliflozin consumption on some indicators of electrical heart activity in male diabetic rats.

  40 male Wistar rats (250±20 g) with an age range of 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into five groups: Diabetes Exercise (D + EX), Diabetes+Exercise+Empagliflozin (D+EX+EMP), Diabetes + Empagliflozin (D + EMP), control diabetes (DC) and control group (CONTROL) were divided and were kept in laboratory conditions. The (D + EX + EMP) and (D + EMP) groups also received empagliflozin by gavage for the same period and daily. 48 hours after the completion of the protocol, rats were anesthetized and an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded and then cardiac tissue was isolated and dissected. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests and Tukey, Games-Howell, Tamhane's T2, Dunn and Dunnett'sT3 post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.

  Mean weight and blood glucose at the beginning of the study were not significantly different in the 5 groups, but after the end of the protocol, significant changes in weight, heart weight, serum glucose, QRS time, QT interval, QTc and ST height were observed in rats.

  The results of the present study showed that endurance exercise and the use of Empagliflozin can have a positive effect on the electrical conduction current of the heart of diabetic rats through reconstruction.

170Tm-EDTMP has been proposed as a radiopharmaceutical with desirable properties and an alternative to 89Sr-Cl2 for the palliative treatment of patients with bone metastasis. This study aimed to calculate the absorbed dose of 170Tm-EDTMP in the bone of patients with bone metastasis.

In this study, an adult human femur phantom and the GATE Monte Carlo toolkit were used for simulation. 170Tm-EDTMP was distributed in the bone compartment, and the absorbed dose per disintegration was calculated in the different phantom compartment. In order to comparison and validation of results, simulations with similar conditions were performed for 89Sr-Cl2. Then, the absorbed dose per administered activity of radiopharmaceuticals in the bone and bone marrow was calculated using the MIRD method and compared with each other.

The bone absorbed dose per administered activity for 170Tm-EDTMP was 5.52 times higher than 89Sr-Cl2, while the bone marrow absorbed dose by 170Tm-EDTMP was 2.11 times higher than 89Sr-Cl2.

According to the results obtained in this study, 170Tm-EDTMP is a suitable radiopharmaceutical for use in the palliative treatment of patients with bone metastases. However, in order to further investigation, there is a need for clinical trial in the patients.

Despite the fact that public awareness about diabetes control and cardiovascular diseases has increased, but still the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the community. For the treatment and control of diabetes and heart disease can be pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods used. The purpose of this review study is to introduce several risk factors in diabetic patients that increase the chances of cardiovascular involvement.

In this review study, Pubmed, ISI and Scopus databases were used to search for articles during the years 1979 to 2020, and the keywords of blood pressure, oxidative stress, obesity, dyslipidemia, endothelial function and inflammatory factors were used.

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes and the occurrence of serious and dangerous complications on the organs of the body, has made this disease a major health problem in all communities and is the main cause of cardiovascular disease. Our study showed that cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in diabetic patients. Factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease include high blood pressure, oxidative stress, obesity, dyslipidemia, endothelial function, and inflammatory factors.

Diabetes is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is also the most common cause of death in diabetics.

Today, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease among young adults. Physical activity is mentioned as the most important factor in preventing diseases and living a healthy life. Although advances in disease-modifying drugs have helped stabilize the course of MS, which increases life expectancy, in most MS patients the symptoms worsen over time. In this regard, physical exercise programs are considered as a safe and tolerable tool. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the effects of exercise on some pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in people with MS.

In this study, articles related to keywords were searched in PabMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science specialized databases in English and Jihad Daneshgahi, Mag Iran and IranDock databases in Persian. Inclusion criteria include: Persian or English language of the article, availability of the full text of the article, desired time period, evaluation of the effect of regular physical activity in patients with MS, evaluation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors and exclusion criteria The use of other methods and interventions, such as the use of drugs other than the usual drugs or supplements during the training period.

Out of 408 articles received from domestic and foreign databases in the last 20 years, 19 articles were reviewed after applying input and output variables. The Pedro Information Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. In the studied studies, aerobic or endurance exercises (6 studies), resistance (5 studies), combination (8 studies) have been used. Among inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in eleven studies (57.9%) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in eight studies (42.1%) were the most widely used indices.

We conclude that although interventions such as exercise have improved the functional and clinical outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis, these improvements may not be due solely to changes in cytokine levels or inflammatory markers. Exercise is an accessible alternative that not only does not increase inflammation or disease severity, but also helps these patients by reducing their risk of secondary disorders and restrictions on community participation.

The aim of this study was to perform a functional and histological study of the effect of coenzyme Q10 using allografts in a rat sciatic nerve repair model.

  45 male rats were randomly divided into three groups of 15. The first group received 10 μl of sterile normal saline buffer solution intraperitoneally for one week. Buffer was injected intraperitoneally to each rat. In the third group, the left sciatic nerve was removed and each rat received the sciatic nerve extracted from the second group and was injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of coenzyme Q10 at a dose of 200 mg / kg / day for one week. Rats underwent histological evaluation and histomorphometric studies and sciatic nerve function index at 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively.

The morphometric and functional indices of the sciatic nerve in the third group were significantly different from the second group (P <0.05). These indicators were improved in the third group.

The results of this study showed that topical injection of coenzyme Q10 in the inflammatory phase after rat sciatic nerve resection accelerated the process of nerve regeneration by reducing the process of secondary damage.

High pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and life threatening disease that affects the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the human heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of pulmonary hypertension in patients referred to the echocardiography unit of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad city 2020.
 

In this descriptive-analytical study, 600 echocardiographs performed in the echocardiography unit of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad were studied and information such as demographic and clinical features were extracted; Data were collected using SPSS 22 software and statistically analyzed.

Out of 600 patients who underwent echocardiography, 87 (14.5%) had pulmonary hypertension. Out of 87 patients with pulmonary hypertension, 71% (62 patients) were over 55 years old. Also, 51% (45 people) were women. About 56% (49 patients) had heart failure with decreased output fraction and valvular diseases. Among the demographic variables, a significant relationship was observed between age and pulmonary hypertension.

Due to the fact that this disease is more common in people with heart failure and older people, so diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be more sensitive than these people.

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes structural and functional damage in the hippocampus. exercise pre-conditioning can be an effective way to prevent or reduce the risk of stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of Pre-conditioning exercise on treadmill on diminution of the neurons of CA1 region of hippocampus and expression of TNF-α protein following cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in male rats.

Twenty and four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of sham, training, ischemia and ischemia+ training. The rats in training group were trained to run on a treadmill 5 days a week, for 8 weeks before induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced by blocking both common carotid arteries for 45 minutes. Hematoxylin and eosinophil (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical method were used to neuronal death, and protein expression respectively.

The number of apoptosis neurons in the CA1 area were significantly increased in the ischemia group, compared with the sham and training group (p<0.05). Also, in the ischemia+ training group number of cell death and Expression of TNF-α were significantly lower than ischemia group. (p<0.05).

Regarding on the results, it seems that exercise pre-conditioning on treadmill, as a neuroprotective stimulant, would have protective effects against cell death and inflammation.

Coronavirus has affected all aspects of daily life. The aim of this study was to Structural relationship pattern design Dark Personality Traits, Optimistic Bias, and Health Beliefs to Lifestyle-Related Behavioral Changes During the Covid Pandemic 19: The Mediating Role of Health Anxiety.

The present research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with corona heart disease who referred to Ardabil blood transfusion centers in the second half of 2020-2021 to donate plasma. a sample of 240 people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of lifestyle, health anxiety, dark personality traits, optimistic bias and health beliefs. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS25 and Lisrel8.8 software.

The results showed that lifestyle-related behavioral changes were negatively correlated with dark personality traits, optimistic bias and health anxiety and positively and significantly correlated with health beliefs. Also, health anxiety has a positive relationship with dark personality traits and optimistic bias and a negative and significant relationship with health beliefs (p<0.001). Model fit indices also indicate that the model is desirable.

According to the research results, it is recommended to hold training workshops to promote a healthy lifestyle, control stress and anxiety among people in the community, especially at-risk groups, by health policy makers such as the Corona and the Ministry of Health.

In the present study, an attempt was made to produce magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic biology and to study their cytotoxic properties in fibroblast cells and to investigate their behavior in living organisms in the presence and absence of electromagnetic fields in kidney tissue.

Magnetic iron nanoparticles were produced using Fusarium oxysporoum and iron chloride. TEM and X-ray diffraction were confirmed using spectrophotometry. Then the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was investigated by MTT method in non-cancerous fibroblast cell culture. Finally, the IC50 nanoparticles were determined in cell culture and nanoparticles with non-toxic doses were injected into rats. Rats were divided into 4 control groups, the group receiving nanoparticles without the presence of electromagnetic field, the group receiving nanoparticles with the presence of electromagnetic field, the group without receiving nanoparticles and with the presence of electromagnetic field.

Magnetic iron nanoparticles could be produced by Fusarium oxysporum. The resulting nanoparticles were about 35 nm in size and applied dose-dependent toxicity in cell culture. The biological nanoparticles did not have severe toxicity in kidney tissue and only in the presence of the electromagnetic field, slight changes in connective tissue and blood as well as changes in renal glomeruli were observed, although in the group without electromagnetic field, slight changes were observed in glomerulus.

Biological iron nanoparticles are non-toxic in the body and can be used in in vivo research with the aim of drug delivery to treat cancers and other diseases.

It is not long before the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its transformation into a pandemic. Over the course of late December 2019, studies have shown that cardiovascular comorbidities are more common in patients with COVID-19 and that these patients are at higher risk for complications and mortality; however, it is not yet clear whether underlying cardiovascular diseases pose a separate risk or whether they are associated with other factors, such as age and sex. The purpose of this study is to review the underlying cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19. For this purpose, the main review articles using keywords such as “COVID-19”, ‘Coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Cardiovascular diseases”, “Myocarditis”, “Acute coronary syndromes”, “Heart failure”, and “Ischemic heart disease: were collected from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and other reputable databases. The results showed that myocardial injury was present in more than 25% of critical cases and appeared in two patterns: acute myocardial injury and dysfunction during the presentation and myocardial injury caused by exacerbation of the disease. Continuation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor inhibitors is recommended based on the evidence at this time. A number of promising therapies are under consideration, but none have been clinically proven to be effective to date. The present study indicates that during the corona pandemic, more attention should be paid to people with cardiovascular disease and effective treatments should be used for them based on new studies.

Education has adapted itself step by step to the advancement of technology and has taken a new form in recent decades. In Iran, at the end of the 70's, LMS was on the agenda of the University of Tehran, and under this title some projects began. Since then, despite all the shortcomings, e-learning has been accepted by many teachers and a lot of efforts have been made to improve and enhance this method of teaching. We have tried to use the opinion of teachers, statistical analysis of opinions and conclusions and provide suggestions to find the shortcomings of e-learning and thus eliminate these shortcomings.

In this study, the level of satisfaction of professors with virtual education in seven areas of software, content, convenience, interaction, evaluation, support and assessment was studied. These areas, respectively, show the quality of software used in virtual education, appropriate and sufficient educational content, ease of use of virtual education, creating opportunities for communication and interaction between teacher and student, the possibility of using it in evaluation, support of virtual education if Problem occurrence and performance measurement was e-learning.

Among the 200 professors interviewed in this study, 73 were female (36.5%) and 127 were male (63.5%). Of these, 38 were full professors (19%), 84 were associate professors (42%) and 78 were assistant professors (39%). The average teaching experience of teachers was 11 years and the average age of teachers was 42.

In general, software, content, convenience and evaluation indicators have a great impact on the overall satisfaction of professors about virtual education. This shows that with the high satisfaction of the professors from four aspects of the seven aspects studied in total, the quality of the virtual education method used is acceptable. In contrast, teachers' satisfaction with the interaction index was low.

The covid 19 pandemic since it was first discovered in late 2019 has made a great impact on human health worldwide. At present, no specific drug and treatment methods have been discovered to treat this disease. On the other hand, excessive inflammation due to high cytokines secretion in Covid-19 patients results in fatal effects including organ failure and death. Therefore, to define a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this virus, scientists are trying to use a variety of methods such as examining some available anti-inflammatory drugs or evaluating Insilico inhibitory compounds as IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitors to modulate parts of the immune system.

In this study, after designing Insilico, docking was performed between inhibitory ligands and IL6R. Subsequently, the appropriated ligand was evaluated for toxicity and allergy, and ADME prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion).

The results of the molecular docking showed that between the non-polar parts of the designed inhibitory ligand composition, mainly with parts of IL-6R protein containing amino acids of Arg118, Thr120, ser122 hydrogen interaction took place. The amino acids of Arg118, Ser122, Trp115, Thr120, Glu96, , Pro121, Val93, Thr125 and Pro94 also demonstrate ester interactions.
Discussion and

Docking results demonstrated that out of 100 studied ligands, [03] unknown (24) has more suitable binding energy (-114.648) with the IL-6R than other ligands and this energy level indicates a favorable interaction between this inhibitory compound and IL-6R through amino acids of Ser122, Arg118, Trp115, Glu96, Thr120, Pro121, Val93, Pro94, and Thr125. Clinical studies are needed to prove the inhibitory effect of this ligand on the IL6R.