نشریه کارافن
سال بیستم شماره 62 (تابستان 1402)

The study of pension funds in the Iranian economy indicated that these funds have currently some problems for different reasons. In the meantime, the professional competence of managers in such funds and their social, political, and economic dependency, interests, or tendencies is one of the main issues in the governance of pension funds. Accordingly, the strategy of developing the professional competence of managers should be considered due to the roles which should be determined for the entity monitoring the pension funds in accordance with the social-economic conditions of Iran.In this study based on the qualitative paradigm, the thematic analysis method, themes analysis, optimization of international monitoring models, and upstream documentation analysis were simultaneously used. The role of the entity monitoring the pension funds as well as the principles of good governance in social security organizations with a focus on human resources policies based on international standards were identified and then finalized through interviewing with 14of experts. The final model was scrutinized after designing with the focus group Technique. The research findings categorized the roles of the entity monitoring the pension funds at five levels of licensing, monitoring, intervention and correction, analysis, and communication to answer the first question.In order to answer the second question, nine instructions related to the professional competence of managers including the instructions related to the determination, approval, and control of the professional competence of the board of directors and managers as well as instructions related to the determination of human resources policies were selected.

Currently and in the future, is one of the most important concerns of human societies. The speed of change in jobs has increased in line with the global trend and the emergence of new technologies. One of the most important institutions in the current era is the university, which should be considered according to global changes in the issue of commercialization of science. The adaptation of university education and the needs of the labor market, as well as the fit between the individual and specialized abilities of university graduates with the needs of the country and employment, should be given serious attention. In the present research, using new sources for statistics and macro-analysis of trends and drivers affecting new emerging jobs, five main factors of technological advances, demographic changes, change in global economic power, rapid urbanization, scarcity of resources and climate change were examined, and then the most effective trends and drivers affecting emerging jobs for the next ten years with an educational skills approach were surveyed from the point of view of elites and experts in the field of higher education. The results were determined in the form of a spectrum between 0 and 3, and the data was analyzed by using Mic Mac software. The findings demonstrated the importance of focusing attention on the two drivers of economy and technology as the reinforcement variables, the drivers of lack of resources and climate changes and demographic changes as effective variables and rapid urbanization as a dependent or sensitive variable. The higher education system is concerned with reviewing and focusing attention to new and interdisciplinary fields such as artificial intelligence, mechanical engineering and robotics, civil aviation, media and entertainment, and eliminating disciplines that will be omitted in emerging jobs such as pilots, translators, journalists, repair and installation of electronic devices, bank employees.

One of the reasons for the lack of employability of university graduates is the lack of appropriate models for the development of employability. Employment is a process that is not only affected by education but is influenced by a set of factors and components, and it is necessary to consider all the factors affecting this process as well as the relationships between them as a model for employability development. The purpose of this study was to provide a model for the development of employability according to international experiences and taking into account intra-university and extra-university factors. The research was conducted using a non-experimental research design and qualitative content analysis method or mapping accumulation through document mining. Various international and national experiences and patterns of employability development were reviewed and the components of employability development were identified to present the pattern of employability development. The validity of the components and the proposed model were confirmed by the comments and suggestions of the supervisors and advisors. According to the research results, employability assets are obtained through lifelong interaction of the components of employability skills, specialized competencies, job management skills and extracurricular activities, and employment is achieved through the transition into working life. The presented model included intra-university factors (the type of training provided (general-vocational), curriculum, field of study, pedagogy) along with extra-university factors such as economic, cultural and social factors affecting employment methods and also providing job opportunities and motivation and desire for employment and entrepreneurship. In the proposed model, the employability process was updated and improved by monitoring employment and providing review feedback.

Effectuation and causation represent two types of decision-making logic of entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process. Effectuation emphasizes using available means, controlling the future, flexibility, and identifying potential market opportunities in an uncertain context. Causal logic focuses on formal planning, predicting the future, and competitive analysis. Studies show that new ventures are often sources of innovation. However, such firms are rarely able to invest in costly processes and instead use alternative routes to generate innovation. Firms' innovative actions were carried out using the approaches of effectuation and causation to reduce uncertainty. This research examined how combined interactions of effectuation principles (including experimentation, affordable loss, flexibility, and pre-commitment) and causation lead to business innovation. In this study, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and configurations of the dimensions of effectuation and causation related to business innovation were investigated. The research sample included 145 entrepreneurs established in science and technology parks. The results showed eight combinations of causation and dimensions of effectuation that lead to a high level of innovation. Findings revealed that no single condition was necessary for business innovation, and entrepreneurs operating in science and technology parks use effectuation components and causation in complex configurations. Finally, recommendations for future studies were provided.

In the present study, the effect of entrepreneurial participation on welfare with the psychological mediating role of autonomy, competence and dependence of Qazvin Social Security employees was investigated. The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of type, quantitative in terms of the nature of data and correlational in terms of relationships between data. The statistical population of the present study comprised of the managers and employees of Qazvin Social Security Organization. According to the structural equation technique, the sample size was determined to be between 5 and 15 times the number of measurements, 294 people, that is, 7 times the number of items in the questionnaire. The sampling method in this research was stratified random sampling. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. In order to check the hypotheses of the research, structural equation technique was used in LISREL software. The results of the data analysis revealed that autonomy, competence and psychological dependence play a mediating role in the impact of entrepreneur participation on well-being. Furthermore, competence and psychological dependence play a mediating role in the impact of entrepreneur participation on well-being. Entrepreneurial participation, psychological autonomy, psychological competence and psychological dependence have a positive and significant effect on perceived well-being, and psychological autonomy, psychological competence and psychological dependence are affected by participation. Psychological autonomy affects psychological competence and psychological dependence.

While entrepreneurship education is one of the most important and necessary aspects of entrepreneurship promotion programs in society, its teaching in the traditional method alone is not effective and more innovative and flexible methods are needed. Therefore, the present study was conducted by combining previous research with the aim of providing a comprehensive picture of the components of the role of gamification on entrepreneurship education. The research methodology was qualitative with a meta- synthesis approach. Accordingly, after searching the databases, 121 related studies were evaluated and finally, after multiple screenings, 41 articles were selected. Using seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso, the findings of 41 previous studies related to the objectives of the study were reviewed, aggregated, combined and interpreted. With the help of the coding method, 37 codes, 6 concepts and 3 components were identified and validated through Kappa Cohen coefficient. Then, the role model of gamification on entrepreneurship education was presented and drawn. The findings of this study indicated that the use of gamification in entrepreneurship education can be very effective on all three types of educational goals, namely the creation of learning and desirable changes in learners' behavior in various aspects of cognitive, emotional and skills. As a result, the use of gamification in entrepreneurship education should be considered as a new and effective method along with traditional methods of entrepreneurship education, particularly during the Coronavirus pandemic, which necessitated a distant and virtual education system.

The purpose of this study was to provide a conceptual model of transmitting entrepreneurial beliefs to students of Kar-e-Danesh boys' vocational schools in Guilan Province. The research method was heuristic, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section was 34 technical experts of Guilan Education Department in the academic year 2020, of which 20 were purposefully selected as a sample and the relevant data was collected by semi-structured interviews. A small number of 251 art directors and art students were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method using Morgan Table and questionnaires. To analyze the data in the qualitative part of the present study software coding using MaxQDA was used. The quantitative section of the study used structural equations software (Smart PLS 2.0). The findings of this study showed influential factors (education and promotion of entrepreneurial culture), underlying factors (family and governmental support), mediating factors (field of study and educational content) affects the transfer of the pattern of entrepreneurial beliefs at a significant level (P <0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship has an effective role in the growth and development of a country by creating employment, proportional distribution of incomes, reducing social anxiety, exploiting and activating benefits, improving the quality of life, discovering the needs of inventing and developing new goods and services. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, entrepreneurship education in textbooks is essential because textbooks are the most important educational media that teachers and students use daily.

The present research was conducted with the aim of examining and analyzing the factors affecting the entrepreneurship of graduates of technical and vocational colleges in Kermanshah city and prioritizing these factors in 2022. For this purpose, the qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used. Using the purposeful and snowball sampling method, the lived experiences and perception of 21 students of technical and vocational graduates in Kermanshah city were investigated. Research data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The process of interviews and data collection continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage (18 interviews). The collected data were analyzed using the interpretive approach and Colaizzi’s seven-step process. To comply with the qualitative features of the research, three criteria of acceptability, confirmability and dependability were used. The results of the inductive content analysis of the data obtained from the interviews led to the identification of factors affecting the entrepreneurship of graduates of technical and vocational schools totaling 271 concepts and 8 categories of factors, which in order of importance were: "educational and skillful", "social and cultural", "personal and individual", "administrative and legal", "organizational and institutional", "economic and financial", "infrastructural and supportive", and "promotional and informative". The findings of the research indicated that each of the identified factors was effective in the dynamics of the skill learning process and entrepreneurship of graduates of technical and vocational graduates. Finally, recommendations were made for policy makers, managers and teachers of technical and vocational graduates to promote entrepreneurship.

The present research was carried out with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the resilience of entrepreneurial behavior in the university. This research was conducted with the help of quantitative and survey methods. The necessary data was collected using a questionnaire from a pair of students who graduated from the Technical and Vocational University of Alborz Province, who were current entrepreneurs, and based on the inquiry and investigation of the researcher, they numbered approximately 30 participants. The measurement tool was adapted by experts based on their views. The fuzzy network analysis process was used to analyze and prioritize the results. Various indicators supported the validity of the components identified in the research. In data analysis, statistical software (SPSS) and prioritization were used, and based on the rule of statistical software, decisions about the results were made and analyzed. The results of the research showed that people who adapted to the environment faster showed a higher level of entrepreneurial orientation. The research findings section was analyzed with descriptive and inferential indicators. The results showed that the factors affecting the resilience of entrepreneurial behavior in the university included development factors ranked first with a weight of 0.4686, environmental inhibitors ranked second with a weight of 0.206, environmental stimuli ranked third with a weight of 0.189, and limiting factors ranked fourth with a weight of 0.1365. This research took a comprehensive look at the resilience of entrepreneurial behavior and, considering the situation of the country and the organization, presented the factors affecting the resilience of entrepreneurial behavior in the university.

Although access to higher education has increased significantly in most countries, these opportunities have not been equally distributed among different groups in many cases. The current research intended to analyze how indigenous selection in national entrance exams reproduces inequality in access to higher education. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The research data was based on the statistics collected and published by the organizations related to the population or student admission, which were analyzed by the secondary analysis method. The findings indicated that the policy of indigenous selection was unsuccessful in increasing the access chances of deprived provinces. The provinces with the highest and the lowest access chances maintained their position without any changes during the 5-year study period in the present research. In addition, in many provinces, the academic level of candidates was not a determining factor in their acceptance; in the national entrance exam of 2016, Kurdistan and Gilan provinces candidates' academic ranks were 10 and 22 while their ranks in the final admission changed to 27 and 6, respectively. Finally, the indigenous selection policy in the three most popular fields of medicine did not lead to a fair distribution of opportunity but reproduced inequality significantly. In some cases, the acceptance chance of indigenous candidates in their provinces was eight times that of the indigenous candidates of other provinces.

The current research aimed to reconsider the requirements and characteristics of technical and vocational universities; the future research model in the field of educational management was examined to create a desirable future because in the qualitative development of educational systems, the need to use progressive educational management in the context of its abstract events is one of the structural principles. For this purpose, the qualitative method was simultaneously used with reviewing and analyzing some parallel future research documents based on a systematic understanding of events, trends, images and actions, with the approach of foundational data theory and the three stages of coding (open, central and selective). In this approach, interviews with 18 experts and specialists in the field were conducted and using purposive sampling (theoretical saturation after conducting 18 interviews) was carried out at the Technical and Vocational University. The structure of the interviews was semi-structured in depth, which was confirmed both in terms of formal validity and reliability. In this way, the present research was arranged prospectively and in terms of data, it was exploratory (qualitative) with analysis of the network of themes in a cross-sectional survey method.   Relying on the structural, content and contextual three-pronged model used in the research, the results showed that the future research model expected in the educational management of the Technical and Vocational University in the shadow of policies and strategies such as the value-oriented and market-oriented university model by adopting a support-oriented approach to innovation, while promoting the capacity of adaptability to efficiency, involved the reform of organizational affairs, educational needs assessment and employment orientation (marketing) in the structural field. In the conceptual and content field, the model university should include the reform of management affairs and reflect on organizational culture and human capital management. Finally, in the field of context, reforming the social and cultural perspective was prioritized in addition to strengthening the economic and technological roles.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problem of work-based learning in job training with a focus on a comprehensive university of applied sciences. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and used a qualitative approach framework and data foundation theory in terms of research method. Participants were selected based on standard purposeful sampling among vocational education experts including administrators of the University of Applied Sciences, internship instructors, elites in the field of educational management and planning, and finally students and graduates as stakeholders and actors 22 people as the main informants of this part of the training were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Max QDA Pro software was used to analyze and extract research codes. The unstructured internship status map was designed based on the opinions of students, teachers and experts. Findings showed that the cultural, managerial-structural and educational fields have challenges which were analyzed from the perspective of all three groups of interviewees.

The main purpose of this research was to identify the components of the Professor Toxic in higher education, which was carried out with the approach of research synthesis and qualitative meta-synthesis method using the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso. By searching the English databases of Scopus, Emerald, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, and Eric, and Persian databases including the National Publications Database and Jihad Universities Scientific Information Database, 141 related studies were extracted between 2000 and 2022. After screening the studies and using the "CASP" methodology, 62 studies remained, and their results combined. This resulted in the extraction of 32 effective factors in defining teacher toxicity and classification of these components into 4 main categories: negative characteristics and behaviors, causes and factors of toxicity, strategies of toxic teachers, and consequences of toxicity. Therefore, by identifying the toxic components of the professor in higher education, the current research provides a basis for making future decisions by those involved in the higher education system.

In recent decades, in the face of rapid changes in the business environment, technological fields have increasingly moved towards opening borders and using external resources. However, recognizing the body of the ecosystem, analyzing the interactions, balancing the exploitation of external knowledge and breaking down boundaries is a necessity that have not been addressed or addressed in a scattered manner. Therefore, understanding the components or roots of the open R&D ecosystem in Nano-technology was a necessity in the present study. The present study was descriptive in terms of purpose, applied in terms of use and a survey in terms of data collection; the research was of mixed nature using purposeful-judgmental sampling method. By reviewing the research literature and aggregating the opinions of experts and policymakers in the field of R&D and nanotechnology using the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, 6 main components and 17 sub-factors were identified. Then, the causal model of direct and indirect relationships between the components and their intensity was designed through UCINET software. The results showed that the structure of an open R&D ecosystem consists of the flow of activities, the formation of links, the selection of positions, boundary restrictions, actors and time, each of which has its own sub-factors. Next, the causal model of direct and indirect relationships was analyzed using the Fuzzy Cognitive Map, and then the influence intensity of each node in ecosystems was analyzed. The results of the analysis of the causal model using fuzzy cognitive mapping showed that profitability as a sub-factor of activity flow had the greatest effect and time to enter the market as a time sub-factor had the least effect on R&D ecosystems. This research was theoretically a framework with minimum requirements for understanding the components of an open R&D ecosystem in Iran`s nanotechnology and in practice, indicated that it is affected by the policies and attitudes of policymakers in this field.

Global crises have made the development of the national economy a major problem. One way to achieve economic development is to improve the commercialization mechanisms of academic research. Given the importance and position of universities, scientific centers, and academic research in meeting the needs of society and moving towards the production of capital from the knowledge produced in these centers, it is necessary to introduce mechanisms appropriate to the structural, environmental, and human conditions of these centers to commercialize academic research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a roadmap for the commercialization of scientific research in the field of sports. The present study was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical method, and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. The research population of the study included faculty members of physical education faculties, university entrepreneurs in the field of sports, university inventors in the field of sports, experts of the National Elite Foundation, and graduate students. The sampling method in this study was purposeful and available. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 people from the statistical population and after theoretical saturation, the interviews were stopped and in the Delphi stage, 11 people were selected as the research sample. Due to the fact that the goal of the researchers was to design a process model, the Delphi political technique (three stages) was used. Based on the findings of this study, the process model of commercialization of academic research in the field of sports included 20 steps. Analysis of commercialization models in the world shows that environmental, structural and human conditions play important roles in commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary that the proposed model be a native model and suitable for the environmental conditions of Iran to be used in the strict sense of the word at the level of research and scientific centers. Therefore, the model presented in this research is compatible with the environmental and indigenous conditions of Iran and can be used as a basis for the commercialization of research in research and academic centers.

The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of studying and analyzing meritophobia in sports organizations of the country. The current research was descriptive analytical research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the current research included managers of selected sports organizations as well as some university professors and knowledgeable experts in the field of meritophobia (114 people). The current research tool included researcher-made questionnaires based on the research objectives. It included three questionnaires to determine the status of meritophobia, factors affecting meritophobia and structuring factors affecting meritophobia. To analyze the data of the present research, the statistical methods of Smirnoff Klomograph, one-sample t-test and exploratory factor analysis of SPSS software were used. In addition, MicMac software was used to investigate and analyze the interpretative structural modeling method. The results of the present research showed that the situation of meritophobia in sports organizations is not favorable and this issue indicates the existence of meritophobia in sports organizations. In total, 6 factors (cultural, managerial, individual, regulatory, legal and political) covered 84.740% of the variance of all questions. The results also showed that legal and regulatory factors were among the key independent obstacles that influenced other obstacles. The results of this research can draw the attention of managers of sports organizations towards meritophobia and provide the basis for policy making to improve organizational culture to deal with meritophobia and on the other hand provide an opportunity for meritocracy.

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate strategies affecting strategic innovation in sports businesses. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population in the qualitative section included university professors and experts in the field of sports business. The field of study and having scientific papers related to the subject, having managerial positions and executive experiences in the field of entrepreneurship and sports business were the criteria for selection of the 360 participants that consisted of a small number of sports club managers and staff, sports business managers and staff, senior managers from the Ministry of Sports and Youth, PhD students in sports marketing, and sports service clients. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed according to the extracted codes in the qualitative part of the study. Qualitative analysis was performed with Maxqda software and quantitative analysis was performed with AMOS structural equation modeling software. The findings related to the strategies affecting strategic innovation in the sports business consisted of 5 concepts and 18 codons identified and approved. Finally, the results of the model were confirmed in terms of validation. Society, laws and other environmental factors can pave the way for sports businesses to move towards strategic innovation.

The aim of the present study was to research the strategic decisions of the Deputy of Physical Education and Health. The type of research was applied and analytical-exploratory in nature. The statistical sample included 15 experts to extract the variables and 12 experts for cross-analysis. To analyze the data, the combined panel methods of Mikomek cross-effects were used. The findings showed that the 10 factors of organizational policies, clarity of the issue for decision makers, formal support systems, organizational policies, identification of threats and environmental opportunities of the organization, increasing research and development in the organization, training and professional development of human resources, political and communication skills of managers, strengthening and developing the software and hardware infrastructure of the organization and strengthening the learning and innovation of the employees of the organization had great impact and effectiveness. The directors of the Deputy Minister of Physical Education are advised to make strategic decisions with a long-term vision and taking into consideration effective variables in the future, and to avoid short-sightedness.

This research aimed to present a model of sports tourism businesses and identify the components of this model. This research was applied in terms of the type of research and descriptive-survey oriented in terms of data collection. The study's statistical population included the owners and managers of sports tourism businesses with at least 5 years of experience. 14 people were selected as the sample population using qualitative research methods and heterogeneous and non-random targeted sampling strategies. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. Using qualitative content analysis method and based on open coding, the concepts were extracted, and then the components were determined based on the dimensions of the Osterwalder model using the axial coding method. Finally, a whole view of the sports tourism business model was presented in the form of a business model canvas. Based on the research results, 32 components were identified in the form of 9 main dimensions. The results showed that the 9 main dimensions of the sports tourism business model are consistent with the Osterwalder model. 32 components were also identified and introduced for the sports tourism business model. Entrepreneurs in sports tourism were advised to pay attention to design, constant updates, and innovation in all dimensions and elements of the business model presented in this research as a comprehensive model. Because sports tourism has a vast variety in different businesses, focusing attention on the type of sport, geographical area, and the business life cycle are also important factors to be considered.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors on innovative creativity and entrepreneurship of physical education students of Mazandaran Technical and Vocational University with the mediating role of business intelligence. The statistical population included all physical education students of Mazandaran University of Technology and Vocational Education in the academic year of 2019 /2020, totaling 360 students who were selected as a statistical sample using Krejcie and Morgan Table. Five questionnaires were used to collect data which included ICT skills (Alavi et al., 2017), Dennis and Vendral (2010), Cognitive Flexibility, DiLilo and Houghton (2008), Hill Entrepreneurship (2003), and Provovich (2012). The validity of the questionnaires was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural equation test and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that ICT skills and cognitive flexibility have a positive effect on students' innovative creativity and entrepreneurship. Business intelligence also mediates the impact of information and communication technology skills and cognitive flexibility on students' innovative creativity and entrepreneurship. Based on the results obtained from the research, it is recommended that university officials and trustees create training conditions for students in entrepreneurship and by providing students with small practical experiences at the university level and related fields, the foundations for progress can be paved and paying attention to promoting and encouraging creativity during training and practical experiences for students.

The purpose of this study was to design an effective model of the relationship between the Technical and Vocational University and the sports industry on a case-by-case basis with the Sport for All Federation. The present study was qualitative in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. After studying the theoretical literature, the committees and associations of the general sports federation, the basic concepts were discovered by conducting interviews with 16 experts in the sports industry and the general sports federation and technical and vocational university. Following two rounds of the Delphi technique, theoretical saturation was reached. The findings of the present research were presented in 41 indicators and five main axes of causal factors, contextual factors, strategies, consequences and interventionists. These findings showed that paying attention to the development strategies of the Technical and Vocational University's relationship with the service sector of the general sports industry can solve many problems and problems related to the connection between science and implementation in the Federation of Public Sports and the Technical and Vocational University.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of optimal use of crowdfunding by Iranian sports entrepreneurs based on grounded theory. The research methodology used were analytical and qualitative for this purpose. The research strategy was grounded theory based on Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The participants in the study included 16 university professors in the field of sports management, entrepreneurship management, sports entrepreneurs and activists in the field of sports businesses. Content analysis of the interviews and coding were used to analyze the data. The research tool was open interviews and the results were analyzed based on the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 109 open codes and 22 axial codes were identified. Causal factors included the central codes of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial human capital, and entrepreneurial policies. Underlying conditions included the institutionalization of entrepreneurship, transparency and improved business management, the existence of a customer-oriented culture, and cultural and social factors. In addition, the intervening factors consisted of laws and regulations, economic and financial factors ahead, protection laws and technology and information technology. Effective strategies included expertise, confidence building, supportive and financial policies, and communication with entrepreneurs. Finally, consequences included the growth of sports businesses, the distribution of equity in financial resources, economic productivity, and a positive attitude toward sports entrepreneurs as a social asset. It can be concluded that crowdfunding is a means of improving business in the field of sports, which should be considered by entrepreneurs in this field and entrepreneurs to provide the context.

The purpose of the current research was to develop key indicators of strategic planning in order to improve the performance of school sports based on the KPIS model. In terms of practical purpose, the current research was a descriptive-survey with a a qualitative research approach for data collection. In order to conduct field interviews, the statistical population of the research included sports management professors, managers of trustee organizations (Physical Education Organization), and some outstanding physical education teachers; they were selected purposefully for qualitative interviews on the subject of the research (17 interviews with 17 people) and continued until theoretical saturation.  Max QDA Pro version software was used to analyze the interviews. The results showed that one of the key indicators of school sports performance in the input part of the model was sports facilities and equipment in the process, planning and growth and learning part. In the output part of the model, students' sports performance and students' health were key indicators of school sports performance. In this regard, focusing attention on the facilities and equipment of sports in schools, financing in this field, using the elites of sports science in the process of planning, growth and learning can improve the performance and improve the health of students.

The purpose of this study was to model the personality and popularity brand on the behavior of sport products consumers. The research method was correlational with the structural equation model approach. The study population included customers of sport stores in Tehran, 384 of whom were selected as a sample using the random-cluster method. To collect data, the Brand Personality Questionnaire of Jones et al. (2009), the Brand Popularity Questionnaire of Kim and Ku (2012), and the Instrumental Purchase Intention et al. (2014) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s Correlation and SEM were used to analyze the data. The results of the research model showed that brand personality had a significant positive effect on consumer behavior and on brand popularity; and brand popularityhad a significant impact on consumer behavior. Brand popularity also had a mediating role in the relationship between brand personality and consumer behavior. The results of this study emphasized the need for managers to pay attention to attractiveness, uniqueness, dynamics, boldness, simplicity, transparency, value, responsibility, credibility and reliability of the sport brand to achieve new marketing in the sport industry.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the factors affecting the development of the information system of athletes' psychological abilities. The method of the present research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, based on data retrieval, was of a mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section included university professors specializing in the field of sports psychology as well as professors in the field of research (psychological capabilities of athletes and information systems) who had undertaken at least two research studies (in the form of books, research articles, conference papers, research projects, translations, etc.), and elite athletes studying at the Islamic Azad University of the country. The number of identified professors was 45 and the number of identified athletes was 30. All of these individuals were contacted and asked to participate in the research. Of these, 61 announced their readiness. Initially, after interviewing 11 of the participants, there was a theoretical saturation. However, due to the certainty of the results, two more interviews were conducted. Finally, interviews were conducted with 13 people. Then, in the quantitative part, the same community as the qualitative part was considered and questionnaires were distributed among 61 participants. The data collection tools in the present study were a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Qualitative results of the study showed that 26 characteristics were extracted through interviews which were classified into 5 factors including technical, scientific, regulatory, educational and personal. The results showed that the technical factor was the most important factor in the development of the information system of psychological abilities of athletes. According to the results of the present study, it is recommended to classify psychological information as well as protect athletes' psychological information. Building trust in the information system of athletes' psychological capabilities provides the ground for the application of this system.

The purpose of this study was to compare emotional investment in the body and social adjustment of male athletes and non-athletes in the second year of elementary school. The research method was descriptive-comparative. The statistical population included male students of the second year of elementary school in Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020, of whom 206 were selected as a sample by random cluster sampling. To collect data, two questionnaires were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.80 and 0.98, respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of emotional investment in the body and social adjustment between the mean scores of athlete- and non-athlete students. In addition, the average score of social adjustment in students who practiced group sports was higher than students who practiced individual sport. The results of this study emphasized the need to use group sports activities for the development of students in terms of family relationships, school relationships, templates, skills, social relationships and attention to the important role of sports in students' perception and feeling, comfort, care and protection of their body.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of marketing capability on Mindful marketing of sports equipment sellers with the mediating role of social interaction.  The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all sellers of sports equipment stores in East Azerbaijan Province. The population size of the statistical population of the study was unknown. The minimum number of samples was between 5 and 20 items for each observable variable, which was considered equal to 285 people. In this study, a non-random sampling method was used. The data collection tool were three standard questionnaires of Mindful Marketing by Zhu (2013), Athena-Gima Marketing Capabilities (2015) and Schutz Social Interaction (1958) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.89, 0.85 and 0.90, respectively. Structural equation modeling, including confirmatory factor and path analyses, was used to test the hypotheses. SPSS V25 and Smart-PLS.3.2.8 software was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that marketing capability had a positive and significant effect on social interaction and mindful marketing; and social interaction also had a positive and significant effect on mindful marketing of sports equipment sellers. According to the research results, rewarding, being intimate with customers and using their opinions in decision-making can improve social interactions.

The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between mental health and procrastination of physical education teachers. The research method was descriptive based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the study included all physical education teachers in Gorgan (175 people), of which 161 teachers were selected. For data collection, the Scherer Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1982) (α=0.886), Mental Health (GHQ) (1979) (α=0.823) and Procrastination (1991) (α=0.962) were used. Pearson’s correlation test and structural equation modeling in Amos software were used to analyze the research data. Based on the findings of mental health research on procrastination (Sig=0.001, t=4.378) and self-efficacy (Sig=0.001, t=-4.698), the positive effect of self-efficacy on procrastination (Sig=0.001, 896/3-t=) of physical education teachers of Gorgan city had a significant negative effect. In addition, the results of the structural equations showed that mental health through the mediating variable of self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on the procrastination of physical education teachers in Gorgan and the communication model consisting of research variables had the necessary fit.

The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of student sports marketing in Iran. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it was an exploratory analysis and a combination of qualitative and quantitative studies.The statistical population in the qualitative section included 20 management professors and expert sports managers who were selected by the snowball method until saturation. The quantitative part consisted of 595 people, including experts and professors of sports management, national managers of student sports, responsible experts and provincial directors of physical education. Based on Morgan's table, 250 people from the statistical population were randomly surveyed. Descriptive statistics tests, independent one-sample t-test, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Based on the results, the most important factors identified in the marketing management of Iranian student sports were advertising for competitions, attracting financial support, information systems, brand development, event quality. In addition, the Iranian student sports marketing management model was a favorable fit. According to the findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to effectively plan for the development of the quality of sports events, particularly in popular sports, and also to design and register separate brands for student sports and sports events.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of core stability and neuromuscular exercises on functional movement screening test and lower limb alignment of elite karate athletes. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of the study consisted of elite male Karate athletes aged 20 to 35 years and the research sample consisted of 45 Karate athletes in Tehran Province. After performing functional movement screening test and measuring lower limb alignment, the participants were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental 1 and experimental 2. The control group performed common karate exercises, experimental 1 executed core stability exercises and experimental 2 accomplished neuromuscular exercises for 8 weeks. Analysis of variance and paired t-test were used to analyze the data.  The results of the paired t-test showed the effects of neuromuscular training program (P=0.006) and core stability (P=0.001) on the overall FMS score, but the effect of these exercises was not significant on Q angle (P≥0.05). The results of the analysis of variance showed that after controlling the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference in post-test between the three groups in the overall FMS score (P≤0.05), but this difference was not significant in the post-test between the research groups with regard to the Q angle (P=0.624). Therefore, due to the importance of functional movement screening test in pre-season evaluations and prevention of sports injuries, we recommend trainers to use these exercises in karate training programs.