فهرست مطالب مهندس حمیدرضا همتی

Culture, as a software aspect of power, has always been the most influential among the components of power and is considered one of the most fundamental requirements for the defense power of any country. Cultural power, while being a means of defense and conquest, can influence other components of power and strengthen or weaken it. And this importance is evident in the documents and orders of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Supreme Leader. The main purpose of this article is to formulate strategies for gaining the superior defense power of the region in the field of culture based on document 1404 and factors and indicators related to it. Descriptive and inferential methods have been used in this research. The statistical population includes experts in cultural and defense affairs, and the sample size is 60 people. Based on this, by using the SWOT analysis method, each of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified according to the internal and external environment of the country and appropriate strategies were selected, and by using the TOPSIS method, strategies were prioritized and finally 8 superior strategies in the field of culture were selected and suggested, and the analysis shows that we are in an aggressive mode in terms of the superior defense power of the region in the cultural field. Therefore, it can be concluded that the first strategy is considered the most appropriate strategy. Therefore, the most appropriate strategy for the cultural dimension of the superior defense power is to connect the current and future generations of the country with the proud generation of the Islamic Revolution through the explanation of the theoretical foundations and epistemology and the development of the experiences gained from the culture of sacred defense with proper planning for conceptualization. It is for posterity

Various methods to induce anesthesia have been investigated in situations where the primary inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injections fail. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of synergic effects of anesthetic injection of prilocaine supplemental with that of lidocaine anesthesia in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

This study was a parallel-controlled clinical trial on 58 patients with one mandibular molar tooth having irreversible pulpitis. The first anesthesia was injected with an inferior alveolar block with 2% lidocaine anesthesia. Patients who failed pulpal anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups; case and control groups. In the case group, IANB was injected with 3% prilocaine, and in the control group with 2% lidocaine anesthesia. Anesthesia after the second injection was evaluated by three methods of numerical evaluation of the patient's response to Electric Pulp Tester (EPT), the severity of the patient's response to the cold test, and the extent of pain during the onset of access cavity latency on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using T-test and Mann-Whitney tests.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of depth of anesthesia (P>0.05).

The results of this study showed that there was no difference between 2% lidocaine and 3% prilocaine in the depth of supplemental IANB anesthesia after failure of first IANB in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of MTA and cold ceramic by using bacterial leakage method.
In this experimental study, fifty human single root extracted teeth were chosen. In group A, 20 teeth were filled with MTA and in group B, 20 teeth were filled with cold ceramic. Five teeth were used as a positive control (obturated using gutta-percha without sealer), and five teeth were used as negative control (obturated using gutta-percha with AH26 sealer and coated with two layers of nail varnish). A bacterial leakage model utilizing Enterococcus faecalis was used for evaluation of the sealing ability. The teeth were placed in test tubes, so that they formed two upper and lower compartments. The cultured bacteria in the upper chamber were in contact with the coronal area of the tooth. The root end was placed in the lower chamber containing sterile culture media. In this case, the filling of the root canal was only the communication path between the upper and lower chambers. In this method, the presence of turbidity in the lower chamber indicated that bacteria had penetrated through barrier and reached the medium. The leakage was measured. The acquired data was analyzed using Chi-square test.
In group A (MTA), 7 samples and in group B (Cold ceramic), 4 samples should the leakage. In regarding the leakage, there was no statistically significant difference between MTA and cold ceramic. (P=0.288)
The results showed that the sealing ability of MTA and cold ceramic was similar as root filling materials.

Mastalgia is a common but concerning problem for most women referring to medical centers. Vitamins are one of the medical treatments which are used in the treatment of mastalgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 on mastalgia.
In a randomized double blind clinical trial, patients with mastalgia, who referred to Amir-al-momenin and Kowsar Hospitals in Semnan, Iran, were divided in two study groups. Patients in the case group received vitamin B6 100mg BD for two months and patients in the control group took placebo in a similar route. The patients filled the daily breast pain charts and at the end of the trial, the mean pain score and the number of days with severe pain in the two groups were compared.
Patients (n=126) were evaluated. The mean pain score and the prevalence of severe pain decreased significantly in both groups. In the case group, the mean pain score and the prevalence of severe pain were decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of trial. In both groups, there was a significant reduction of breast pain in the first 5 days. This might be the effect of primary reassurance. No adverse effect of treatment was observed in any of the patients
Vitamin B6 is effective on mastalgia as a safe drug. In addition, primary reassurance has a significant effect on the reduction of the breast pain.

As we know the nuclear reactors in normal operating conditions, always allowable amount of radioactive materials release into environment according to the Thus, nuclear reactors protections have particular important from the health physics aspect. The main objective of this study is to assess the cancer risk using BIER VII models for various organs due to accidentally released radioactive material from Bushehr nuclear power plant stack and within various distances around of reactor. At first, it is assumed due to the ventilation system of reactor stack perturbation, human error or any other factors removal of radioactive materials will be exceeded. For this purpose, Hotspot2.7 software has been used. Then in the various classes’ atmosphere conditions for the wind average speeds of 2 and 14 m/s and various radii, amount of the total effective dose is calculated. Then, using the BIER VII equations, cancer risk is evaluated for various organs in the various male and female ages. TED has been obtained for different distances and average wind speeds 2 and 14 m/s at the steady state atmospheric condition, the cancer risk for ages upper 5 year is evaluated for the maximum distribution dose around the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. According to the obtained results, there is an inverse relation between distributed dose and wind speed. Therefore, amount of the absorbed dose rate by the reactor staff and crowd of the reactor around in the low wind speed is more. Also, cancer risk for ages under 10 year special female is more.

Precipitation is one of the most important meteorology elements which Recognition the amount of it, its variation and prediction, are necessary to have an actual planning in agricultural, economic and social management. So the hydrologists and climatologists are paying attention to it. Due to precipitation importance in planning and crisis management, the goal of this research leads to the implementation of neural network and wavelet conversion hybrid model to monthly precipitation prediction of Kermanshah synoptic station.
In this research to predicting monthly precipitation time series of Kermanshah’s synoptic station, five parameters namely: monthly precipitation average, relative humidity average, Maximum temperature average, minimum temperature average and wind speed average, used within the forty years period (1970-2010). In order to quality control of given statistic and information, sequencing test is used. The results showed that given information is significantly homogeneous and according to nonlinear specifications of multiple time scales, neural network and wavelet model is used to precipitation prediction.
In order to precipitation prediction, four parameters of relative humidity average, maximum temperature average, minimum temperature average and wind speed average, is used and using wavelet alternation decomposed into 8 sub-series and then these series are used to future monthly precipitation prediction as the entrance neural network model data. The correlation coefficient (R=0.874) of Next month prediction denoted the relatively low efficiency of the neural network while the wavelet-neural network model correlation coefficient is 0.94. Also, both model prediction precision decreases by increasing the number of output neurons delays. It should be noted that Meyer wavelet is used to wavelet- neurotic network prediction which has a high precision. Regarding the F statistic, variance analysis of homogeneity and heterogeneity indices of observed and predicted precipitation, is homogeneous in the confidence level of %99 (P The comparison between the driven results from wavelet conversion-neural network and driven results from a neural network application, is shown that wavelet neural network method has more predicting precision than neural network and also predicting precision in both models decreases through increasing the number of delays of exit neurons. It is noteworthy that Meyer wavelet was used to neural network predicting which its simulated results has high precision.

Todays, X-ray imaging system for cargo and containers inspecting of country gates are highly regarded. The dual energy imaging system due to the use of two beams with different spectrums can extracts more information about the materials in cargo than the conventional X-ray imaging system. Since the X-ray beam is an ionizing radiation, three parameters should be taken into account including justifiably, optimization and dose limits. In this study to evaluate the exposure for materials inside cargo, staffs and for around of system, we simulated a typical system using Monte Carlo code. With using 750 mCi of 137Cs and 1 Ci of 60Co, exposure rates for the water phantom in the center of cargo were 10μSv/h and 20μSv/h for 137Cs and 60Co, respectively. Also, the exposure rate at a distance of 10 meter around the system without any additional protection lies almost in the appropriate value. The results of simulations show that with using the line scan system and a good designing for source shielding, the exposure at cargo inside and environment of it can be put in suitable values.

Inguinal hernia is a common surgical problem which increases with aging especially in men. A common method for treatment is surgical repair using prosthesis, Lichtenstein technique. One frequent complication after inguinal herniorrhaphy is soft tissues seroma. There are several methods to prevent or to drain seroma. Some surgeons suggest the insertion of closed suction drainage system but others disagree. In this clinical trial study, 42 patients who are candidate for hernia repairing (Lichtenstein technique), referred to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Semnan, Iran, from 2011 to 2012, were randomly divided into two groups. So that, the list of eligible patients in the study, were numbered, and then using the patient's code, patients, who assigned an odd number in the registration list, were allocated to group 1, the remainder were placed in group two. The two first numbers in registration list (1 or 2), were randomly assigned to groups. Group 1 underwent hernia surgery without closed suction drainage and the second group underwent hernia surgery with closed suction drainage. The patients were evaluated for seroma, hematoma or wound infection after 24 hours, during days 4 to 7 and days 10 to 15 following surgery. No adverse event including hematoma, seroma or wound infection occurred in either group with or without closed suction drainage in the first 10 days after surgery. Only one patient carried wound infection during days 10 to 15 following operation who was in the group with closed drainage (P=1.00). In this study, Seroma and hematoma was not observed in patients with and without closed suction drainage. To avoid drain's complications, indiscriminate use of antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, we do not recommend the use of drains in this type of surgery.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. Despite the minimally invasive nature of laparoscopy، high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major cause of morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single dose of dexamethasone on PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This clinical trial study included 92 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We divided the patients into two groups randomly. One group received Dexamethasone (5mg، IV) and the other group received Saline (5cc، IV) 10 minutes before extubation. The patients were observed for any episode and severity of nausea and vomiting or whether the patient required any anti emetic drug in the 24 hours postoperative period. Two patients in saline group excluded the study. There were no significant differences between groups regarding to age، gender and body mass index. Incidence of nausea in dexamethasone and saline groups were 34. 8% (16) and 47. 7% (21) respectively. The difference was not significant (RR=0. 73، CI 95%: 0. 44-1. 20، p=0. 310). Also incidence of vomiting in dexamethasone and saline groups were 30. 4% (14) and 34. 1% (15) respectively، and the difference was not significant (RR=0. 89، CI 95%: 0. 49-1. 69، p=0. 884). Our study has shown that a single dose dexamethasone (5mg، IV)، 10 minutes before extubation، has no effect on PONV.

"SilvoSept" is a new product, suggested as an alternative solution instead of povidone iodine for hand scrub before surgery. The objective of study was the comparison between these two substances regarding their antiseptic properties and utilities. In a quasi-experimental study, selected participants from surgical team members of Amir Hospital in Semnan were participated to scrub their hands with SilvoSept and povidone iodine, in two separate times. Dominant hand was sampled 3 times to get microbial cultures: before scrubbing, after drying, and after an hour. Participants were asked about each solution's utilities. Thirty-three participants scrubbed for 29 and 33 times with povidone iodine and SilvoSept respectively. There was no difference between two groups in positive culture frequencies before washing (p = 0.7), and an hour later (p = 0.5). Immediately after washing, there was no positive case. Although there was no difference between the two in terms of willingness (p = 0.7) and bad odor (p = 0.3), due to having adverse impact on the skin (p = 0.04) and bad color (p = 0.03) participants preferred SilvoSept. The findings not only confirmed the antimicrobial effectiveness of the SilvoSept, and its equality with povidone iodine on willingness of applying, but also showed its superiority to povidone iodine because of its lower adverse effects on skin as well as its better color. SilvoSept can be suggested as an effective, acceptable and affordable alternative

Diabetic foot ulcer is the complication of diabetes that commonly led to lower limb amputation. Pentoxyphylline is one of the systemic drugs suggested in the healing of different wounds. In the present study, its effect on healing of the diabetic foot ulcer was evaluated. In a double blind randomized clinical trial, patients with diabetic foot ulcer referred to diabetes clinic of Fatemieh hospital, Semnan, Iran, evaluated. In one group oral Pentoxyphylline 400 mg, three times a day and in the control group placebo prescribed. Reduction of the wound size and the incidence of complete wound healing considered as the indicators of wound healing. From 110 patients enrolled in the study, 30 patients excluded because of unbearable dizziness, retinal hemorrhage, need to debridement and loss to follow up. At the end, 80 patients in two groups (each with 40 patients) evaluated. In Pentoxyphylline group, the percentage of wound healing at the end of the first and second months was significantly higher. The rate of complete wound healing was higher but not statistically significant. In addition, the prevalence of nausea and dizziness in Pentoxyphylline group, was significant. Pentoxyphylline is effective in the healing of diabetic foot ulcer by decreasing the wound size in patients without peripheral vascular diseases. However, because of the probable adverse effects, it should used with caution.

One of the complications of removable partial dentures is debonding of the acrylic resin from the cobalt-chromium framework. Several factors are involved in this chemical and physical bond. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying primers and sandblasting on bond strength between the metal and the acrylic resin in mesh and ladder-like frameworks. In this in vitro study، 30 frameworks with ladder-like design (A) and 30 frameworks with mesh-like design (B) were fabricated. The mesh-like and ladder-like frameworks were each subdivided into three subgroups: 10 specimens in each subgroup were un-treated as the control group (A1 and B1); 10 specimens were sandblasted (A2 and B2)، and 10 were both primed and sandblasted (A3 and B3). Then the acrylic resin base was bonded to metal surfaces and the metal‒resin bond strength was examined by an Instron testing machine and recorded in Newton. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0. 05). There were significant differences between the three preparation techniques (p value < 0. 001). There were no significant differences between the mean bond strength values of ladder (785. 90 ± 207. 24N) and mesh type (718. 60 ± 216. 83N) frameworks (p value = 0. 133). Mean bond strength values of sandblasting and primer (947. 38 ± 86. 18 N) were significantly higher than those of sandblasting (749. 5 ± 142. 11 N) (p value < 0. 001). Sandblasting resulted in a significantly higher bond strength values compared to the control group (539. 47 ± 164. 09 N) (p value < 0. 001). Sandblasting alone resulted in a 38% increase in bond strength whereas applying primers with sandblasting increased bond strength by 75%. Sandblasting and primer significantly influence resin‒metal bond strength. Subjecting frameworks to a combination of priming and sandblasting produces the highest bond strength.

Pilonidal sinuses typically occur in the sacrococcygeal skin of young adults and its treatment is surgery. The most common methods are excision with or without primary closure procedures. Considering that the recent researches have shown different results، we have compared the recurrence rate of pilonidal sinus using the 2 methods.

The study was studied on 250 patients، who had gone under pilonidal sinus surgery for the first time at least 5 months ago. Recurrence rate and signs of recovery were studied. Patients with experience a painful period until 5 months after the surgery were excluded. Finally، 123 patients with open surgery and 127 with closed surgery were included.

Recurrence rate was 9. 8% (12 cases) in open surgery and 11% (14 cases) in closed surgery. Probability of non- recurrence after 1،2 and 5 years were 99%، 95% and 91% after open surgery and 97%، 94% and 87% after closed surgery respectively. Type of surgery has no affect on pilonidal sinuses recurrence.

Findings showed that there was not significant difference in the recurrence rate of pilonidal sinus after excision between with and without primary closure procedures. Regarding to less complication، excision and primary closure، as a preferred procedure in the management of pilonidal sinus disease، is recommended.

Curcumin، the active ingredient of turmeric، has the ability to inhibit the carcinogenic pathways، and thus can prevent or postpone the carcinogenic process in different animal species. Retention time of curcumin is short due to the quick excretion of the body، so، the therapeutic effects of curcumin are restricted resulting in short-term retention in the plasma. Therefore، several methods are used for increasing the efficien-cy of curcumin in plasma and tissues. The present study is designed to evaluate the effects of the anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic of nano-curcumin in rat colon cancer. In this study which was performed in Cancer Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Thirty rats have divided into control، curcumin and nano-curcumin groups. All animals received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg، s. c) as a carcinogen، once a week for two consecutive weeks. Animals received curcumin 0. 2% and nano-curcumin 2 weeks before azoxymethane injection up to 14 weeks after the last injection of azoxymethane in curcumin and nano-curcumin groups، respectively. At the end of experiment، the colorectal specimens from all mucosal lesions were obtained for histo-and-immunohistochemical (Ki-67 and COX-2) studies. The cytological and morphological changes of the cells in nano-curcumin group were significantly lower compared to other groups (P<0. 05). In addition، the Ki-67 and COX-2 proteins expression was lower in the nano-curcumin group in compare-son with the curcumin and control groups (P<0. 05). The results indicate that the using a suitable nanoparticle can be appropria-tely resolved the low bioavailability of curcumin. This can be an important method to use of natural products in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.

Hypospadias surgery is a challenge for a surgeon because of its complications is higher than other reconstructive surgeries. Although several surgical techniques have been presented, but their outcomes are very different and are associated with high incidence of complications. In this study, post-operative complications in the patients who were underwent hypospadias surgery were evaluated to determine effective factors in creation of post-operative outcomes.

49 children who were underwent hypospadias repair surgery from 2006 to 2011 in Semnan (Iran) Amir-Al-Momenin hospitals followed for the outcomes of surgery and early and late post-operative complications

The mean age of patients was 5.1 year. Desired cosmetic were obtained in 92% of the patients. Fistula and early metal stenosis were seen in 8.2 % and 26.5% of the patients, respectively. Survival without stricture was 54% after 60 months follow-up. Primary failure of suvrgical repair was observed in 4.1% of patients.

The long-term outcome of hypospadias surgery was cosmetically and functionally acceptable without considering the age of patient at the time of surgery. The severity of hypospadias and surgical technique (using the second layer) were the most important factors in the development of post-operative complications.

In order to study the effect of irrigation on fatty acid composition, oil and protein content of sunflower cultivars included Azargol, Allstar, Alison and Euroflor, an experiment was conducted at Experimental Field of the Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University in 2007. Treatments were arranged on split plot based on randomized complete block with three replications. The irrigation treatments were full irrigation, deficit irrigation by withholding irrigation at heading, flowering, seed filling, at heading and seed filling and at flowering and seed filling stages. The results indicated that the highest protein percent was obtained from deficit irrigation treatments at seed filling period (23.2%). Thehighest oil percent (40.9%) was obtained from full irrigation treatment same with deficit irrigation at heading stage (40.6%). The lowest protein (22.2%) and oil (38.5%) were obtained from full irrigation and water deficit at flowering and grain filling, respectively. The highest protein (23.8%) and oil (41.8%) were observed at Euroflor. The highest seed yield (4805 kg ha-1) was obtained from all cultivars at full irrigation and Euroflor at water deficit on seed filling stage. Full irrigation (1985.8 kg ha-1) and Euroflor cv. (1707.9 kg ha-1) have the highest oil yield. Deficit irrigation treatments at seed filling period have the highest oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio. Euroflor cv. had the highest oleic acid content (44.4%) and oleic to linoleic acid ratio (0.98) and had the lowest linoleic acid content (45.1%) and saturated fatty acids (10.5%). At all deficit irrigation at seed filling period produced the highest oil quality. The highest seed protein and oil percent and oil yield andquality belonged to Euroflor.

Wandering spleen is a rare disorder in which the spleen is not located in the left upper quadrant but is found lower in the abdomen or in the pelvic region. Wandering spleen is usually demonstrated as asymptomatic abdominal mass, intermittent abdominal pain or acute abdomen. Here, we reported one case of acute torsion of wandering spleen. A 20 years old virgin woman with acute hypogastric, right and left lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting was referred to Amir Al Momenin hospital in Semnan (Iran). Physical examination revealed a generalized tenderness with preference in right lower abdomen, rebound tenderness and guarding. With diagnosis of acute abdomen, laparatomy was performed that it confirmed the presence of a pelvic spleen twisted several rounds on its long vascular pedicle, with congestion, partial infarction, and gangrene. Then, splenectomy was carried out for the patient. Clinical presentation of wandering spleen is varied and the diagnosis is often elusive. Complications of wandering spleen include infarction, gangrene, splenic abscess, variceal hemorrhage and pancreating necrosis. The usual treatment is fixation of the spleen (spleopexy) except in cases of complications where splenectomy is preferred.