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In any society the political participation of social groups is formed based on the social and cultural structures of that society, which makes participation reasonable or traditional. The political participation of Baluch women has also been formed on the same basis. In this regard, according to the present question, how has the Baluchistan stratification system brought the political participation of Baluch women under its radius? It was tried to study the political participation of Baluch women according to social stratification. The current research was conducted with a contextual method, as well as with a semi-structured interview technique and targeted sampling of eleven Baluch men and women. The main goals of the research are to untangle the issues and problems of political participation in Baluchistan region. Identifying the effect of political participation on the social stratification process of Sistan and Baluchistan and finding practical and precise solutions for the political participation of women in the province to be used in the development strategies and prospects of the country. The findings of the research show that the political participation of Baluch women has been under the influence of social stratification in Baluchistan. Despite the fact that the background factors such as: patriarchy, gender socialization, religious concepts and historical and mental backgrounds are similar, but women's participation has been formed according to the social stratifications of each part of Baluchistan region. According to social stratifications, including: tribal stratification in northern Baluchistan, caste stratification in central and southern Baluchistan, and economic and tribal stratification in coastal Baluchistan, which affects the political participation of not only women but all the people of the region. This means that the political participation of women in the Baluchistan region in terms of qualitative understanding of this participation, has become a collective action by the influential and superior classes in this region. Based on the contextual method and the central phenomenon obtained, i.e. "retrospection", the social stratification of the Baluchistan region, despite technological, educational developments, etc., is still based on its previous social stratifications, and there has been little change in the social stratifications of Baluchistan region. On the other hand, such a tendency towards the past in the cultural structure of Baluchistan has caused the lack of meritocracy in political and social competitions; For example, the education and expertise of the candidates and participants does not play a significant role in the political equations of Baluchistan. Based on this,. In fact, we see a back-and-forth relationship between these two concepts, which fulfill each other in a vicious circle. Although this research was conducted to investigate the political participation of Baluch women, the results of the qualitative research that focused on the hidden and more complex aspects of this participation described a model of participation that gives meaning not only to women, but also to the whole of political participation in Baluchistan society. In this context, women's participation is not based on their gender, but on the basis of belonging to certain classes and in some cases even as a tool at the disposal of that class. According to the categories of the research, which have progressed towards becoming richer and broader explanations during the analysis of qualitative data, it seems that the social stratification of Baluchistan is based on "tribe" and "caste" in the form of retrospection, and the equations Power and political participation in the Baluchistan region are organized within its framework; As according to the originality of collectivism and the negation of individualism, patriarchy, inner self, etc., women and men of caste and class participate in maintaining the unity of the caste and class and its domination over other castes and classes, and for this purpose, They use their own special tools. Despite the fact that democratic tools such as: elections have existed in this region since the Pahlavi period, but sects and classes used it for sect and class interests, which during the periods of holding elections for the Islamic Council and the City and Village Councils.

This article aims to describe the state of clarification and how to present and disclose financial information of companies and economic enterprises Securities and Exchange Organization (in line with the legal duties of Article (6) of the Law on the Implementation of General Policies, Article 11 of the Constitution) Islamic Republic of Iran (approved by the Islamic Council on 5118/14/58) and numerous amendments in 5141, 5146, 5148 and 5149, as one of the indicators of the rule of law. Disclosure and presentation of accurate, transparent and timely financial information of companies and economic enterprises to the stock exchange organization It can provide a healthy and fair competitive environment in the society because wherever there is information transparency, public supervision and accountability If there is not enough, the possibility of fraud, discrimination, rent, mistrust, corruption and mismanagement increases. On a macro scale Also, transparency can increase social and economic capital, strengthen the rule of law and good governance. In the current research, how the laws and regulations, legal tools and enforcement guarantees are effective in the field Clarifying and providing correct and timely financial information of economic institutions and enterprises, studied through documentary studies data and provide solutions to overcome existing obstacles.

The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of mirtazapine with respect to energy metabolism in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver of rats by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 3 groups including control, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) group (55 mg/kg Streptozocin, IP) and T1DM+mirtazapine (20 mg/kg,PO) group. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured and liver tissues were stained by Periodic acid–Schiff. Moreover, leptin and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) proteins were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry; however, galanin were analyzed only by immunohistochemistry. At the end of the study, in diabetes group, blood glucose level, GLUT2 and galanin expressions increased, while leptin expression decreased when compared to control group. Mirtazapine treatment restored the decreased leptin expression, and the increased blood glucose level and galanine expression to the level of the control group. It also decreased the GLUT2 expression even below the control group. We concluded that mirtazapine may show its anti-hyperglycemic effect by decreasing GLUT2 through altering the leptin and galanin expression in the liver of type 1 diabetic rats. Mirtazapine can be used as an antidepressant for T1DM patients and as a drug to reduce blood glucose level in T1DM.

In hybrid simulation, the structure is divided into numerical and physical substructures to achieve more accurate responses in comparison to a full computational analysis. As a consequence of the lack of test facilities and actuators, and the budget limitation, only a few substructures can be modeled experimentally, whereas the others have to be modeled numerically. In this paper, a new hybrid simulation has been introduced utilizing Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) instead of physical substructures. With the concept of overcoming the hybrid simulation constraints, the LS-SVM is utilized as an alternative to the rate-dependent physical substructure. A set of reference data is extracted from appropriate test (neumerical test) as the input-output data for training LS-SVM. Subsequently, the trained LS-SVM performs the role of experimental substructures in the proposed hybrid simulation. One-story steel frame equipped with Magneto-Rheological (MR) dampers is analyzed to examine the ability of LS-SVM model. The proposed hybrid simulation verified by some numerical examples and  results demonstrate the capability and accuracy of  this new hybrid simulation.

Total organic carbon (TOC) is an indicator which presents water pollution via wastewater and organic pollutants including pesticides. TOC content in water presents organic matter and resulted that some countries use TOC as an indicator for assessing row water quality and water treatment facilities.
This study was done to determine total organic carbon concentration in groundwater resources in Qazvin plain.
Eighty-one water samples were selected randomly in arid and semi-arid climates in Qazvin plain in winter and spring of 2016. Sample stations were located in Qazvin, Takestan, Abyek and Buin Zahra cities. TOC analysis was done with SGE ANATOC™ Series II analyzer.
Findings: The average of TOC concentrations were detected 0.88, 0.68, 0.81 and 0.79 mg/L in Qazvin, Takestan, Abyek and Boin Zahra cities, respectively, with the mean of 0.79 mg/L. In addition, no significant relationship was found between land use and TOC concentration in groundwater.
The average of detected TOC in groundwater resources in the study area was lower than acceptable levels provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The obtained results revealed that there were low potential for production of disinfection by-products in chlorination process. Low levels of TOC in water resources can be due to the performance of filtration and reduction processes.

Machines, especially pressing machines, have a huge contribution to the incidence of occupational accidents and their costs.
The purpose of this descriptive-analytical study was to evaluate the risk of pressing operations. For this purpose, two traditional and new methods of risk assessment were used.
This study was carried out in a press workshop of one of the automobile production factories in 2017. Risk assessment was performed in two ways: Failure modes (FM) and effects analyzes (EA) and functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) based on extended resilience engineering. After identifying the six aspects of the operation of pressing, their variability and exacerbation were determined.
Findings: From 72 potential breakdowns, twenty mode in one of the risk factors of the risk priority number (severity, probability and detection rates) were equal or greater than five, and other failure modes identified were normal and not require new corrective actions. Fifteen functions were also identified for press operations, which seven operations including planning, mapping, raw material supply, forklift lifting, stamping, census, and delivery of preformed parts were resonating.
Considering the focus of the method of FM and EA on technical issues and the visibility of this method, as well as the overall and organizational view, the FRAM, the simultaneous use of these two methods, significantly contributes to improving the safety of the system makes.

Abu Ali Roodbari is among the least known mystics from beginning of the fourth century (AH). He is more known with titles such as scholar, jurist, Imam, Imam of Sufi, and Sufi poet in biographical studies. A number of great people such as “Abu Ali Kateb, Abu Yaghoob Nahrjuri, and Khajeh Abdollah Ansari have praised his virtue, morality, knowledge, art of memory, and his prodigious memory in memorizing knowledge. Furthermore, the character, beliefs, and Sufi heredity of Roodbari have been unknown and sometimes the slightest attention has been paid to his mystic views and chivalry manners.
While with the slightest reflection on his life and his mystic manners, a careful and meticulous reader discovers wonderful and new consequences in the realm of correlation between chivalry and Sufism and praises his morality.
In this article, an effort has been made to analyze the beliefs and chivalry manners of Roodbari such as “chivalrous mystic” in two separate parts. And behaviors such as triple pillar of generosity, the importance of modesty in conduct of chivalry, tolerance with Dervish, the importance of gratitude and integrity, ignorance over the slip of friends and enemies, costly banquets and parties, giving and unfailing kindness and forgiveness to the poor are stated.

Today, more than ever, the need to use complementary therapies, such as relaxation methods, is felt in the plan of treatment and care of patients.  But so far, the present study has not been conducted to compare different relaxation strategies in order to find the most preferred one. The aim of this paper is to review articles done in the field of comparison of two Benson and progressive muscle relaxation.

This article is a review research which is conducted based on library studies and search via internet databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, SID and Magiran, over the years 2000 to 2015.

Considering the findings of the selected previous studies, one can generally perceive the positive effects of the two relaxation techniques (Benson's and Progressive muscle relaxation) on pain alleviation. Furthermore, it seems like these two methods have significantly positive effects by incorporating similar mechanisms to alleviate the pain among patients of hemodialysis, heart surgery, Caesarean section, Rheumatoid Arthritis, etc.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Using these two techniques in alleviating patients' pains is recommended because of the positive effects of these two methods. However, due to the fact that no studies have been conducted to analyze and compare the extent of control and pain alleviation among patients, it is not clear which one is more preferable. It is recommended that more researches to be done in this regard in order to recognize and discover more efficient models

Today, fish consumption, to provide nutrients and also maintain human health, is increasing worldwide. In this work, green back mullet fish was firstly divided into three groups: the first group was kept as raw sample and other two groups were cooked by two methods of frying and oven baking (with and without fennel extract) and then transferred to the freezer (-18C), stored for 5 months. In defined intervals, the samples were defrosted using oven and microwave methods. In different processing methods, physiochemical characteristics and fatty acids profile of treated and raw fish were analyzed. The results revealed that oven-baked sample had the lowest moisture (51.97%) and highest protein (39.69%) over cooking. The fried sample due to oil absorption during frying had the highest fat content (8.6%). The most amounts of fatty acids in green back mullet were related to myristic, oleic and myristoleic acids. The omega-6 to omega-3 ratio in the oven baking did not differ with raw sample while this ratio in fried samples due to frying oil absorption increased. The content of EPA and DHA was reduced from 7.9 and 3.6% to 2.4 and 1.3%, respectively. Between reheating methods, there was no significant difference in fatty acids profile. In samples treated with fennel extract, the least changes in content of polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed during 5-month storage.

In order to prevent water pollution, protect public health, and reuse of the treated wastewater; controlling on quality of the wastewater treatment plant effluent has been considered a necessary.
To compare the quality of wastewater treatment plant effluent in Lia industrial zone with Iranian environmental protection standards.
This cross-sectional study was performed in one of the industrial zones in Qazvin (Lia). Samples were collected from wastewater treatment plant from May to September 2015 and analyzed in the laboratory. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameters were determined twice per week when the pH values were daily measured by pH meter. Sampling was carried out weekly to determine other important operational parameters including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC). Sampling and experiments were done according to the latest standard methods. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software (T-Test a single group).
Findings: The average of BOD, COD, TSS, FC, TC in effluent were achieved to 73.3±13.2, 156.2±42, and 76.43±50.8 mg/L 1.1×103,1.1×103 MPN/100 ml respectively. The total average of removal efficiencies for BOD, COD and TSS were calculated 92.41%, 92.75%, and 87.46%, respectively.
The results obtained that the wastewater treatment plant systems can be used as an efficient system for reduction of common pollutants by providing the Iranian standards for irrigating when the most important such as BOD, COD, TSS and PH are considered. The quality of the treated wastewater was found to be within the permissible Iranian standards for irrigating. However, it is important to keep in mind that reduce microbial contamination within standards is needed to be considered.

In this study, the antioxidant activity of essential oil (EO) of clove in comparing to BHT was investigated using DPPH free radical scavenging, β-carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power methods.The EO was added to aqueous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and then HPMC film was prepared, in first stage the effect of clove EO as a natural antioxidant in mechanical/optical properties and water vapor (WVP)/oxygen permeability (OP) of films was investigated. Subsequently, the antioxidant activities of films against soybean oil oxidation were evaluated during 60 days storage at 40 °C in a dark place by measuring the peroxide value (PV). Results of DPPH and reducing power assays showed that, higher antioxidant activity was observed for clove EO than BHT. The EO causes a significant decrease of WVP and OP of films. Also, addition of clove EO into HPMC film led to decrease of transparency and mechanical properties. In general, elongation percentage from 23.6 to 17.9%, tensile strength from 27.3 to 12.3 MPa and elastic modulus from 537.5 to 479 MPa in comparing to control film (without antioxidant) was decreased. HPMC film containing clove EO revealed a notable antioxidant activity against the soybean oil oxidation in comparing to control film (P

Existence of coordinated and professional safety system to prevent occurrence of accidents and potential hazards seem to be essential in installing networks of gas distribution projects.
To survey work-related accidents and safety performance indices in project implementation unit of Yazd gas agency.
This analytical study was conducted on 197 of workforce in Yazd gas agency in 2013 that were selected by census and they were male. Demographic and accident information were gathered using a self-made questionnaire and face- to- face interview, and required information obtained from dossier to determine the safety performance indicators. Safety performance indicators were calculated in separately of 13 types occupations in project implementation unit of gas agency and data were analyzed using T-test.
Findings: The highest accident frequency and severity rate were related to digging occupation and then metal line welding. Consequences of accidents were cuts (%56.7) and soreness (%14.9). The causes of accidents were related to uselessness of personal protective equipment (%25.2) and lack of precision in the task (%19.3). The highest rate of accident was observed among the age group 20-29 years with work experience of 4-6 years.
According to the findings of this study and the risk of gas processes, it seems to be necessary the implementation of integrated management systems and training of workers about safety rules to improve the safety culture and prevent accidents.

Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is a progressive, chronic and non-curable granulomatous enteritis. Paratuberculosis affects ruminants worldwide. The earliest reports on paratuberculosis in Iran date back to 1960’s when the disease was diagnosed in imported animals of the Abadan Oil Company’s farm. In the work presented here 13 field MAP isolates including 4 ovine and 3 caprine isolates from Isfahan, 6 bovine isolates from Zanjan and Alborz provinces plus 2 vaccinal strains of 316F and III & V were subjected to PCR-IS900, PCR-F57 for identification and also PCR-Collins for typing. In consequence, while an identical PCR protocol was successfully developed to simultaneously perform all the three experiments, the 15 tested bacteria were all shown to be MAP Type II (cattle type). In epidemiological sense, when the size of national goat, sheep and cattle herds of Iran is taken into account, circulation of MAP Type II is intriguing.

In order to enhance palatability and storage of edible oils, it needs to refine the oil in several stages. Bleaching is one of the most important stages of refining process. Acid activation is usually used to improve the bleaching capacity of the clay and reduce environmental threats and energy usage. On the other hand, pigment removal would lead to increasing of oil shelf life and consumer acceptance. In this study, sepiolite clay was activated in three different conditions of time (8-12 hours), temperature (70-90 °C) and acid amount (15%-45% w/w) using response surface methodology (RSM) and D-Optimal design. The oils were then bleached in 90C for 30 minutes by 1.5% bleaching clay. The results showed that the best condition of acid activation was obtained using 32.25% acid at 83.8 °C and bleaching time of 8.75 hours. This condition decreased chlorophyll and β-carotene amounts from 12.98 and 39.83 to 4.02 and 18.86 ppm, respectively. The maximum bleaching capacity of activated sepiolite clay was found to be 90.85%.

In an attempt to study the effect of different amounts of zeolite and nitrogen on the agronomic traits of sunflower at different planting dates, a factorial experiment with three replications was carried out in a randomized complete-block design in Qazvin Agricultural Research Station in 2011. The experiment factors included: three planting dates (D1: 5 May, D2: 20 May, and D3: 4 June, 2011), three levels of nitrogen (N1: 50 kg/ha, N2: 75 kg/ha, and N3: 100 kg/ha), and two levels of zeolite (Z1: 0 t/ha and Z2: 10 t/ha). Farrokh cultivar was planted in this design. The analyzed traits in the experiment included the economic yield of the seed, the biological yield, oil yield, and the harvest index. The results indicated that the highest seed yield (3188 kg/ha) belonged to the first planting date with 100 kg/ha nitrogen and 10 t/ha zeolite and the lowest seed yield (740 kg/ha) related to the third planting date with 50 kg/ha nitrogen in the absence of zeolite. The highest harvest index (22/96 %) was obtained from the first planting date.

Mycobacterium paratuberclosis is one of the most important of Micobacterium tuberculosis complex family. This pathogen can infect all ruminant animals like cattle, sheep and goat. This research was done in central of Iran on goats & sheep those have signs of Johne's disease. The samples were put in safe packing and cold position beside ice. We worked on samples according to the (O.I.E) protocols: Decontamination, Culture in special mediums & Incubation in 37. C for about 20 weeks & wrirte results. The special mediums in this research include: Herrold’s Eeg Yolk with Mycobactin & Herrold’s Eeg Yolk without Mycobactin Finally,in culture stage we 11 positive samples from 68 total. In molecular stage, by IS9 0 and PCR technics,we found that all of these positive samples from Mycobacterium avium subsp Paratuberculosis. This research was done with cooperation of Razi Research Institute and Isfahan Veterinary Organisation.

Iran's import flows from other countries are carried out in the country due to shortages, limitations and the demands. Among these demands is the country's need to import kinds of antibiotic drugs from different exporting countries which is valuable to be studied regarding maintaining and the improvement of the society's health status and also from the aspects of imposing import costs. To assess the conditions and characteristics of antibiotic drugs import demand from different countries supplier, the present paper use the almost ideal demand system functional form for calculating the price and expenditure elasticity's by estimation method of seemingly unrelated regression during 1981-2011. The theoretical hypotheses tests of demand function show that the homogeneity and symmetry are rejects and homothetic is not reject. On this base, the expenditure elasticity in final model for Iran’s antibiotic drugs import demand is equal to unit. Moreover, the estimation results of own-price elasticity shows the low elasticity of import demand function from Italy, Swiss and England. But the calculated own-price elasticity is near-to-unit for Germany and also the price changes of German antibiotic drugs are not affected on expenditures shares of the other countrie's antibiotic drugs imports. Iran depends on imports of antibiotics from Britain, Italy and Switzerland, but there is no dependency to Germany in this area.

Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) to dental porcelain surface may lead to gingival inflammation and secondary caries. Surface roughness is among the factors affecting this adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different surface treatment methods on adhesion of L. acidophilus to dental porcelain. Sixty specimens (3x10mm) were fabricated of Noritake porcelain and divided into 4 groups (n=15) treated with one of the following four surface finishing techniques: 1. Auto-glazing; 2. Over-glazing; 3. Polishing with Kenda kit and 4. No surface treatment (non-glazed specimens). Specimens were inoculated with bacterial suspension containing 1x106colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and L. acidophilus adhesion to the surfaces was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The mean bacterial adhesion was 0.1440 (0.00429) to auto-glazed specimens, 0.0750 (0.00256) to over-glazed specimens, 0.1800 (0.00325) to polished specimens and 0.7064 (0.00408) to the non-glazed specimens. The differences in this regard among groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). Over-glazed specimens caused the lowest and non-glazed specimens caused the highest bacterial adhesion. The glazed surfaces caused less adhesion than the polished surfaces.

Anxiety is one of the factors which increase mortality in patients with cardiac diseases. The aim of this study is the effect of acupressure on Patient’s anxietywho candidate for coronary angiography This is a randomized controlled clinical trial study which was done at 1393. A total of 60 patients with age of 35-80 years old; literate, without history of using acupressure, with previous history of coronary vessels angiography, mental illnesses, drug addiction, anatomical and skin problem in P6 point and Thumb of two hands; were selected and randomly divided in two groups. Intervention group received pressure on the P6 point of two hands and control group received pressure on the Thumb of two hands. The interventions were performed in the morning day of angiography. Before and 30 min after intervention Spielberger state anxiety questionnaire was filled out by the patients then data were statistic analyzed. Intervention and control groups didn’t have any meaningful differences in demographic characteristics, anxiety level (p> 0/05). After intervention independent T test results presented meaningfully differences in anxiety level (p =0/001).Discussion and According to meaningful reduction which was seen in anxiety level; may say acupressure is a suitable method for patient’s candidate for coronary angiography anxiety reduction.

Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) to dental porcelain surface may lead to gingival inflammation and secondary caries. Surface roughness is among the factors affecting this adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different surface treatment methods on adhesion of L. acidophilus to dental porcelain. Sixty specimens (3x10mm) were fabricated of Noritake porcelain and divided into 4 groups (n=15) treated with one of the following four surface finishing techniques: 1. Auto-glazing; 2. Over-glazing; 3. Polishing with Kenda kit and 4. No surface treatment (non-glazed specimens). Specimens were inoculated with bacterial suspension containing 1x106colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and L. acidophilus adhesion to the surfaces was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The mean bacterial adhesion was 0.1440 (0.00429) to auto-glazed specimens, 0.0750 (0.00256) to over-glazed specimens, 0.1800 (0.00325) to polished specimens and 0.7064 (0.00408) to the non-glazed specimens. The differences in this regard among groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). Over-glazed specimens caused the lowest and non-glazed specimens caused the highest bacterial adhesion. The glazed surfaces caused less adhesion than the polished surfaces.

Although the direct heat gain method is simple and inexpensive, it suffers from large temperature swings, besides strong directional daylight. In addition, the direct heat gain method can be affected very quickly by outside emperature fluctuations, which results in an indoor bed comfort level. For thermal storage buildings, walls and floors are used as heat storage elements, and stored energy in the walls and floors during the day period can be used for heating during the night. Time lag and decrement factors are very important characteristics for determining the heat storage capabilities of materials. Evaluation of the time lag and decrement factor provides a measure of the developed indoor thermal comfort conditions and, from an energy point of view, the possibility of reducing energy load demands. In the present study, time lags and decrement factors for different building materials utilized in Iran have been investigated analytically. Unlike previous studies, which mainly focused on numerical methods, in this research, the transient heat conduction equation is solved analytically using a Green function under time-dependent convection boundary conditions. According to the climate of Tehran, periodic boundary conditions are applied to the outer surface of the wall for modeling outdoor temperature variations over 24 hours. The effects of different parameters, such as wall thickness and both inner and outer heat transfer coefficients, as well as the effect of thermal insulation layers in sandwich walls, on the time lag and decrement factor, are investigated. The results indicate that the thickness and type of material have a significant effect on the time lag and decrement factor. The results of the present study are applicable for designing more effective passive solar buildings, optimizing the design of walls and other related areas, resulting in a reduction of energy consumption and environmental pollution through diminishing pollutants such as

Legumes are rich sources of protein and consider a good alternative to make a protein films. In this study, central composite design to investigate the simultaneously effect of the grasspea protein isolates (2 - 10 percent), glycerol (0.5 - 7%) and oleic acid (0 - 2%) on properties of edible films made from grasspea protein isolates, such as thickness, density, percentage of solubility in water, acid and alkaline, and permeability to water vapor and oxygen were used. The result shows that increasing protein and glycerol concentrations were significantly increased water vapor permeability and increasing in concentrations of oleic acid decreased it signifcantly. Solubility in water and acid by increasing the protein content decreased and with increasing glycerol and oleic acid increased (P<0.05). Optimization results of edible films made from green pea protein isolates showed that for an optimal film that have minimum thickness with 0.087 mm, minimum equal density 697.486 (kg.m-3), Least equal to the water vapor permeability 1.42× 10-9 (g. m-1.pa-1.s-1), least permeability to oxygen (peroxide value), equivalent to 24.72, maximum solubility in water and acid, respectively, 53.52% and 46.64 percent, Parameters the green pea protein isolate concentration 2.46 percent, glycerol concentration 0.5 percent and oleic acid concentration had to 0.087 percent.

One of the goals of education is to maximize the commitment of educational staff. Therefore، factors such as human resource development is supposed to be of significance. As such، the main purpose of this correlational study was to examine the simple and multiple relationship between employee development and organizational commitment. A sample of two-hundred and twenty six staff (203 male، 23 female) from education organization and district one and two of Zahedan City was selected through stratified random sampling method. It was administered Allen & Meyer’s Organizational Commitment Scale (OCQ) and a researcher-made questionnaire of employee development. The reliability of the instruments was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results of correlation analyses indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between employee development and organizational commitment. More specifically، it was revealed that there was a significantly positive relationship between the components of employee development including formal training، teamwork، career، interpersonal and organizational communication and organizational commitment. Stepwise regression analysis further suggested that teamwork could predict organizational commitment most.

Financial markets are the head of economic systems and the center of decision-making. If these markets face failure، functioning of the economic system will suffer as a whole. This study investigates the long-run relationship (threshold co-integration) of financial development with income inequality in the Iran’s economy for the period 1971 to 2011. The results indicate that there is threshold co-integration among the variables and the results of TVAR. LR test show that the model has only one threshold. Also، the results suggest that financial market development increases income inequality till a particular threshold value. After this، threshold value decreases income inequality. A threshold of financial development is necessary to reduce income inequality. Also، speeds of adjustment before and after threshold value are 41% and 80% respectively. The adjustment speed will increase after reaching the threshold value and in each period 80 percent of non-equilibrium is adjusted in the next period after threshold value.