fatemeh moaddab

Background and Objectives Depression in cardiovascular diseases produces a relative risk between 1.5-2.5 for cardiac mortality. Illness perception influences patients’ coping methods against the problems and outcomes of their disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association of illness perception with depression in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Subjects and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 342 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention between 2016-2017. Participants were selected using convenience sampling, and data were collected using a valid 3-section questionnaire including demographic information, illness perception questionnaire and Beck depression inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS-V.21.Results The mean score of patients’ depression was 10±11.35 out of 63. The mean score of patients’ illness perception was obtained 17.92±4.55 out of 32. A statistically significant correlation was observed between depression and illness perception (P=0.001). Employment status, functional status, and illness perception were regarded as depression predicators.Conclusion Illness perception as a cognitive variable seems to have a significant effect on psychological outcomes such as depression. Putting emphasis on the positive aspects of psychological well-being which enhance perception of the disease in these patients is of paramount importance.

Poor self-care in patients with heart failure (HF) is directly associated with the patient’s general health getting deteriorated and hospitalized.

One of the factors influencing compliance with self-care behaviors is mood status. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between affective status with self-care behaviors in patients with HF.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, 372 HF outpatients referring to a specialized heart clinic have been included using convenient sampling method. Study tools had 4 parts including demographic and social factors, the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviors scale, and positive and negative affect scales. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression model.

The multivariate model adjusted for patient’s education, suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure duration showed that positive affects (β=0.113, standard error (SE) =.056, P=0.046) and negative affect (β=0.341, SE=.053, P<0.001) were significantly related to self-care behaviors, but anhedonia did not have any significant relation with self-care behaviors (β=-0.105, SE=0.097, P=0.280). The separate models accounted for 8 to 11% of the variance in the self-care behaviors.

The result of current study indicates that patients' mood statue including positive and negative affect are significant contributors of self-care behaviors. So, it is recommended that in addition to the patient’s physical condition, the rehabilitation program of the heart failure patients should incorporate their psychological and mental status.

A major reason for readmission in patients with heart failure is inadequate transfer of care from hospital to home. The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive model of home care for these patients.

This mixed-method study was performed in Rasht Heshmat Hospital in 2020-21. In qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 28 people, selected by purposeful sampling. In quantitative phase (descriptive cross-sectional design), 115 patients were selected via convenience sampling. They were studied using a demographic questionnaire, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale, Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, Medication Adherence Report Scale, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, data of two phases were combined to design a care model using matrix analysis.

The mean scores for patients' self-care, knowledge, medication adherence, and quality-of-life were 24.49±11.82, 27.25±8.36, 82.09±14.69, and 52.46±9.57, respectively, out of 100 scores. The care model designed included eight components: 1-Providing a comprehensive and organized care program to meet the care needs, 2-Establishing appropriate relationship, 3-Enhancing support systems, 4-Improving self-care, 5-Enhancing adaptation to chronic disease, 6-Family-centered care, 7-Management of health-seeking behavior, and 8-Improving quality-of-life.

This model is a comprehensive model for caring patients with heart failure and unlike other models does not have many shortcomings, therefore, it can help in more successful control of the problems associated with heart failure in patient, family, care team, and health care systems.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common presentations of coronary artery diseases that the age of its prevalence is decreasing. Survivors of MI are at an increased risk of the recurrence of the disease. This study aimed to determine the frequency of recurrent MI and its ppredictive factors in patients with MI. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 398 patients with MI referred to Dr. Heshmat hospital in Rasht, the exclusive heart center in Guilan province (north of Iran). Convenience sampling method was used and a valid six-part questionnaire including demographic information, patient's desire to improve knowledge, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, patients' awareness of factors predisposing to re-MI, depression status, and adherence to the therapeutic regimen was employed to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics in SPSS21 at the significance level of P≤ 0.05. The results of the Logistic regression analysis performed by LR method indicated illness duration (OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.95-0.99), history of receiving education (OR=0.1, 95% CI=0.02–0.7), MI type (OR=0.04, 95% CI=0.01–0.34 and OR=0.006, 95% CI=0.001–0.1, respectively for Ant-MI and Post-MI than non-ST-elevation MI) and level of patients' awareness of predisposing factors to MI occurrence (OR=7.31, 95% CI=1.17–45.71, moderate level than good level) as predictors of re-MI. The findings of this study urges policymakers and planners to consider the necessity of applying educational programs related to factors affecting the recurrence of MI.

The role of nutrition is undeniable in controlling hypertension; diet is among the most effective non-pharmaceutical methods. The current study aimed to determine the role of illness perception on diet adherence in patients with hypertension.

This cross-sectional study examined 268 patients with hypertension. The study sample was selected by convenience sampling method. The study tool consisted of the patients’ individual, social, and clinical factors, illness perception about hypertension, and adherence to the diet. The necessary data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models.

The Mean±SD score of illness perception was measured as 37.09±4.91 out of 56. Adherence to the recommended diet was relatively desirable in the majority of the examined patients (62%). Multiple logistic regression analysis data revealed no significant relationship between the scores of illness perception and dietary adherence (Adjusted OR=1.038, 95%CI: 0.974-1.105, P =0.250). The main predictor of dietary adherence was having hypertension dietary knowledge (OR=2.198, 95%CI: 1.198-4.035, P=0.011).

Our study data revealed that increasing awareness among patients with hypertension complications can improve self-care behaviors, including adherence to standard diets. Therefore, emphasis on increasing awareness among these patients and their continued follow-up seems necessary.

The ability of proper communication is the core issue in all nursing care. Effective professional inter-professional communication is necessary for ensuring the coordination of care, improvement of satisfaction, and overall health outcomes of patients. The present study aimed to determine the status of professional and inter-professional communication in the nursing of Iran. In addition, attempts were made to recognize problems in the field and discuss their consequences and coping strategies.

This was a review study, and data were obtained through searching databases of Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, and PubMed to find published articles regardless of their date of publication and language.

The primary search with keywords of “nurse” or “nursing student”, “physician”, or “doctor” or “resident”, “patient”, “communication”, or “teamwork” or “cooperation” or “interaction, and “professional communication” or “inter-professional communication” or “interpersonal communication” (both in Farsi and English) resulted in detecting a total of 7181 studies. However, 20 related articles were selected for review in the final assessment stage. The data gathered in the field of communication of nurses was discussed in three areas of nurse-physician, nurse-nurse, and nurse-patient and family communications.

Studies emphasized the importance of teamwork and inter-professional competencies more than ever. It is recommended that educational programs include inter-professional and teamwork training so that the triangular process of physician-nurse-patient communication is formed in the educational environment in a way that students can work in teams and have inter-professional cooperation in line with achieving healthcare goals.

Coronary artery disease is one of the major health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, this disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world as well as in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity level and some risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with heart attack.

This study was a cross-sectional study of the analytical descriptive type in which the study population included patients with myocardial infarction referred to Dr. Heshmat Educational and Medical Center in 1994. The sampling method was available and 180 patients with myocardial infarction were studied according to the entry criteria. Data were collected using data collection tools. The collection tools were: 1) Demographic information: age, sex and marital status, family history of heart disease, 2) Clinical trials, including cholesterol, triglycerides, etc. Upon arrival at the hospital and 3) Questionnaire Back level of physical activity.

66% of the studied units were men and the mean age of the patients was 62 years. The average score on the level of physical activity in the field of work and leisure time in Venice was significantly higher in men than in women (P <0.001). There was no significant relationship between body mass index, age, education, history of hypertension and underlying diseases and diabetes, as well as history of family members suffering from heart disease, with the level of physical activity of the research units (for all communications P <0.05> ).

It is recommended to include regular and correct physical activity in the treatment plan of these patients. Choosing an active lifestyle in addition to maintaining body mass index in the appropriate range and reducing excess fat, causes control and prevention of cardiovascular risk factors. By increasing the level of regular and correct physical activity for patients, it may be possible to prevent the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Knowing the students' learning styles in the educational system and using the related teaching method with it  to teach students will facilitate the learning process and its further improving. The aim of this study was to determine the learning styles and its related factors in the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences based on the Vermunt model. This descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted on 247 students, were selected by stratified-random sampling method in 2014-15. Data were collected by valid Vermunt learning styles Scale Contains 120 items, and then analyzed with SPSS-V.21, descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and t-test). Mostly of students were female (90.3%) and nursing (21.5%) with a mean age of 22.89±2.54 years. The mean score of students’ learning style was 382.23±49.63 from 600 scores. The regulation strategies component (the majority decentralized control, 49.8%)and the opinions and beliefs of the learning component (the majority did not believe in acquiring and using knowledge, 57.9%)were more weaknesses in students. Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between demographic variables and learning style scores. According to the results, it is suggested that educational managers pay more attention to the weaknesses of their students and based on that teaching process be considered.

 Learning by students is the cornerstone of the educational system, as well as the issues associated with this basic axis. One of the foundations of learning is the attendance of students in classes and attention to the instructions.

 The present study aimed to discover the root causes of absenteeism among medical students at Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS).

 This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 127 basic science students at GUMS. Data were collected using a valid questionnaire consisting of 24 items to investigate the four components of the influential factors in absenteeism (S-CVI/Ave = 0.93; CVR ≥ 0.62; α = 91%). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using descriptive and analytical statistics at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

 Among the four influential factors, professors’ performance (mean score: 18.26 ± 7.12) had the most significant effect and students' personal and family issues (mean score: 14.89 ± 6.76) had the least significant effect on absenteeism. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the status of medical sciences in the community with the variables of age, marital status, and housing occupancy status, as well as students' personal and family issues with marital status, professors' performance with the students' grade point average, and housing occupancy status and personal and family issues with professors' performance.

 Based on the results, it is recommended that educational planners and policymakers pay more attention to the factors mentioned by students as the most important causes of absenteeism, so that students would become more willing to attend educational environments and the teaching-learning process could be promoted.

Adherence to self-care behaviors and determining its related factors in patients with chronic illnesses are mandatory. The objective of the present study was two-fold: first, to examine the self-care behaviors adherence among heart failure patients and second, to determine its predictors in a comprehensive study of various factors in patients with heart failure.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 patients with heart failure referred to Dr.Heshmat hospital as the onlyheart center in Guilan province (Northern Iran). The consecutive sampling method was used. Data were collected by Self-Care Heart Failure Index, Cardiac Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination,and Charlson Comorbidity Indexandwere analyzed by descriptive statistics and analytical statistics in SPSS.

Results showed educational level, history of receiving information,and cognitive function as predictors of self-care maintenance. Also, monthly income, history of receiving information,and ventricular dysfunction were predictors of self-care management. Monthly income, admission status, number of hospitalizations, history of receiving information,and cognitive function are mentioned as predictors of self-confidence. Predictors of total self-care were monthly income, history of receiving information,and cognitive function. (P≤0.05).

Promoting self-care behaviors could prevent the adverse effects of diseases such as readmission, prolonged hospitalization,and bed occupancy ratio. The majority of the participants had non-adherent self-care,and,according to the results,it is recommended that assessing predictors in these patients and planning. Also, itis suggested that more observational, qualitative,and mixed-method studies be done in the future.

Physical activity reduces the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The precise mechanism for reducing CHD risk after physical activity has not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and some biochemical parameters in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with ACS referring to Heshmat Medical Center in 2016. Convenient sampling method was used and 280 eligible patients with ACS were included in the study. For data gathering the checklist was used for demographic characteristics of patients and biochemical parameters and the Baecke Questionnaire was used to assess the patients’ physical activity. The data were analyzed in PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc. using Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses. The significance level was set at P>0.05.

The results showed that 67% of the patients were male and the mean age of the patients was 62.38±12.01 years. The BUN blood urea nitrogen (r=-.121 and -.177) and blood creatinine level (r=-.259 and -.185) had a significant correlation with physical activity in general and at the work hours, (P<.05). However, these correlations were poor, and only the correlation between the creatinine level and physical activity at work was moderate.

The correlation between physical activity level and biochemical parameters was not observed in our study. However, because the protective effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system is clearly observed, it is suggested that appropriate physical activity and regular fitness be incorporated in the care plan for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Further clinical studies are recommended.

The urgent need to use high potentials of higher education students is clearly felt in the medical sciences faculties. It seems that using peer education, which is one of the most widely used methods of constructivism, can somehow alleviate shortage of clinical teachers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using the peer assisted learning system in clinical education from the perspective of nursing students and compare it with the conventional method.

 The present study is a quasi-experimental study in which the research population consisted of 3rd semester students as interns and nursing students in the field of Rasht Nursing and Midwifery Faculty as peer educators. Data collection tool was a questionnaire containing general and specific items. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (Independent T-test, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation coefficient) in SPSS21 at a significant level of P≤0.05.

 The mean score of overall and general dimension in peer education group were higher than traditional group (respectively 149.47±23.91vs.147.19±24.78; 91.5±17.23 vs. 88.66±18.45), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.68; P=0.48). Also, in the specific dimension of questionnaire, there was no significant difference between students' scores in two groups (P=0.81) and the mean scores of students in traditional group were slightly higher than those of peer group (58.54±11.55 vs. 57.97±9.16, respectively).

Considering the importance of the subject and the results of the study based on the higher scores of the case group in the overall and general dimension and the higher scores of the control group in the specific dimension, it can be seen that the peer assisted learning system is effective, in such a way that use the young forces of higher levels, i.e. master's degree, who have more experience and expertise, providing training and continuous evaluation and holding workshops to further enhance their specialized dimension, can be used. It’s also recommended that studies should be conducted to evaluate the level of learning and effectiveness of this system, taking into account the above mentioned issues.

Extensive use of the internet has resulted in the emergence of a phenomenon called internet dependency. Internet dependency is turning into a major global concern due to its growing prevalence. It can negatively affect different personal, familial, occupational, and social aspects of life.

This study aimed to assess internet dependency and its predictors among faculty members.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2014–2015 on 211 faculty members of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Internet dependency was measured using the Internet Addiction Inventory, an instrument which consists of items on factors related to Internet use. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, the Chi‑square, the Fisher’s exact, and the Kruskal–Wallis tests as well as the Spearman’s correlation and the logistic regression analysis.

Seventy‑five participants (35.5%) were at risk for internet dependency and the rest were in normal condition. The significant predictors of internet dependency were gender, main goal of internet use, and main type of internet use.

As more than one‑third of the faculty members are at risk for internet dependency, educational interventions are needed to broaden their knowledge about the negative effects of internet overuse and to help them modify their internet use behaviors.

The concept of patient safety is the essential component of health systems; and delivering safe and high quality care is the professional, ethical and legal responsibility for health care professionals. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of patient safety workshop on knowledge and practice of nursing students. This study was a quasi-experimental study that community of the study were all third semester nursing students of Shahid Beheshti Nursing and Midwifery school of Rasht in 2015. Then data were collected by valid researcher-made questionnaire which consisted of 84 questions based on 9 patient safety solution at the World Health Organization. Afterwards, data were analyzed with SPSS and by descriptive and inferential statistics, with regard to the significance level of   P≤0.05. Consequently, the results showed that education through workshop were only able to temporarily increase the level of knowledge (immediately after workshop) (P<0.0001) eventhough in the long term (after internship) had not been able to increase knowledge (P<0.14). Moreover, education through workshop on performance after the internship was not effective (P=0.12). According to the results of the study and considering the importance of safety concept, it is recommended that the safety concept as a training concept to be subjected in the content of nursing Lessons, or this concept to be taught continually in all clinically practical units or to be evaluated in the form of public evaluation, therefore, by being repeated in evaluating students it can implement an effective role.

Today changing health care and medical curriculum has made computer-assisted learning more valuable than before. In fact, currently the increasing availability of accessing suitable hardware and software for Electronic-learning has provided a new horizon for educational institutes. This study evaluated the effects of multimedia and lecture on learning the color recognition and aesthetic course in dental students.

The present study was an Quasi-experimental study which consisted of 46 undergraduate students in sixth semester at the school of dentistry of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was based on the total population of the study. The students were randomly selected and divided into two groups: the experimental (n = 26) and control groups (n = 20). The multimedia and lecture methods were used in the experimental and control group.

There was a significant relationship between pre-test and post-test scores in both experimental and control groups (P≤0.001). Independent t-test was used to compare the pre-test score between the control and experimental groups and the post-test score between these groups. There was no significant relationship between the pre-test scores as well as the post-test scores in the two groups (P> 0.05).

Considering the inevitable use of technology and computers in teaching students and as well as the strengths and weaknesses of electronic methods and lectures in the classroom, it is suggested to use a combination of electronic methods and lectures for teaching students.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atherosclerosis, thus the modification of physiological risk factors seems essential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). Then PCI patients have to receive multiple drug therapies in an attempt to prevent the recurrence of cardiac events. In spite of the evidence based on medication adherence to prevent post-PCI CAD development, medication adherence is the main concern for health care system. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the medication adherence and its related factors among these patients. In this cross-sectional study, the statistical community was the patients undergoing PCI at medical educational hospital of Dr. Heshmat in Rasht, Iran. 269 patients were selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely the socio-individual factors, Morisky medication adherence scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and cardiac patient’s self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and the significance variables in univariate analysis were examined in a multi logistic regression model through considering co-linearity. The results showed that 75 patients (28%) didn’t adhere to the medication. In addition, the majority of them were reported to have clinical anxiety (44.2%) and mild depression (55.8%). Also, based on the results derived from multiple logistic regressions, only the spouse's educational level and family history of coronary artery disease were significant predictors of medication adherence. The current study findings display lack of complete post-PCI medication adherence, which underscores the importance of the existence of cardiac rehabilitation systems in the society. Therefore, it is recommended that cardiac rehabilitation centers be built in the society.

Priorities setting is an important process in conducting the national health research and targeting the respective performance becomes so important when there are limited human and financial resources
The purpose of this study was to determine the research priorities in the health domain in guilan province in 2014.
This study is a descriptive study of the needs assessment, conducted by using essential national health research (ENHR) strategy in collaboration with 21 organizations dealing with health in guilan province
Totally, 665 research priorities as health research priorities and 17 research areas were determined as follows social determinants of health, health care system, accidents, non-communicable diseases, contagious diseases, environmental health, reproductive health, maternal and child health, nutrition and food security, health and geriatrics, dental care, traditional medicine, occupational health, pharmaceutical technology and medical equipment, Pharmaceutical Systems, Professional Ethics and Medical Education.
The plan was structured research priorities in guilan university of medical sciences so that we can organize university research projects in line with the determined research priorities and allocate proper university financial resources.

In the past 2 decades, following the failure of health systems to fulfill new needs and expectations of the community, a strong international motion to health system reform is formed. According to the new plan for this reform, the current study aimed at evaluating the challenges ahead of the health system evolution plan in Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
The current study was conducted based on a content analysis approach. A total of 43 managers of health care systems and hospitals directors completed a researcher-designed open-ended questions questionnaire. The qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Based on the obtained results, a total of 672 initial codes were extracted. After the analysis of initial codes, they were categorized into 4 main classes: “the health system: a need for the country”, “prerequisites”, “sustained monitoring” and “challenges”. The health system: a need for the country focused on regional necessities, health-oriented goals of the government, achieving health; a human priority; prerequisites focused on planning, culture-making, and infrastructures; sustained monitoring focused on polls and continuous supervision, and challenges focused on current and future challenges.
The health system evolution plan was implemented emphasizing the accessibility of health care services to everybody. Based on the viewpoint of manager, the plan was aimed to reduce the health care costs for the people, which is of great importance in Guilan province with regard to the problem of tourism industry. Of course, given the prerequisites and sustained monitoring of plan to carry out it better, it can play an effective role.

Bilirubin has been considered an antioxidant that protects against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of serum bilirubin level with the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and long-term outcome in the patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
This prospective cohort study was performed on 136 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI in Heshmat Hospital, Rasht, Iran during 2 years. The complexity was calculated by using dedicated software of the syntax score and the severity of CAD was determined based on the number of vessel involvement. Also, long-term outcomes were evaluated by major adverse cardiac events (MACE ) after one year.
The mean total bilirubin level was 0.95 ± 0.69 mg/dl; 60.3% of the patients were in the low range of syntax score (0-22) and 38.2 % had two vessels involved. In examining the relationship between serum bilirubin level with the severity and complexity of CAD and MACE, There was no statistically significant association (p>0.05); but, the majority of the patients with high bilirubin levels had a lower number of vessels involved and the complexity of the vessels; Also, MACE was observed in the patients with low bilirubin levels.
According to the results, attention to serum bilirubin level could be important in CAD and the protective effect of bilirubin can be used for new therapeutic decisions. Further studies on a larger sample of patients have been recommended to confirm and complete these findings.

Clinical education is a dynamic process in which- students, with presence in bedside, gain experience and interact with the teachers and the environment to apply learned concepts in practice. If the education fails to provide appropriate learning conditions, would be no possibility for clinical skills to nurture. This study was performed to deter­mine the satisfaction of medical interns with the quality of clinical education in Rasht teaching hospitals in 2014-15.
This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 106 medical interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2014-15 using convenience sampling. The data were collected by a validated researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 3 sections and 39 items. SPSS.21 and descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Man-Whitney U test), considering 95% confidence interval and 90% test power, were employed to analyze the data.
The results showed that 50% of the interns were highly satisfied with the quality of education and the mean-score of students’ satisfaction was 65.68±14.19 out of 102. The interns’ satisfaction rate of different components was: familiarity with the objectives of the course (32.1%), teaching methods (53.8%), evaluation methods (41.5%), facilities and equipment (46.2%), students’ clinical skills (24.5%), and teachers’ skills (51.2%). There was no significant relationship between satisfaction and demographic factors (P>0.05).
Given the fact that the students were not highly satisfied with some of the components of clinical education such as familiarity with the objectives of the course and students’ clinical skills, it is recommended that the educational planners pay more attention to these components.

Anxiety and depression are the most important factors on the quality of life in patients after coronary angioplasty. These patients have less capability for adjusting themselves with changes in life style, diet, medication and physical activity adherence. This study aimed to determine predictive factors of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 148 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by a 2-section questionnaire, including sociodemographic factors and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of anxiety and depression. Using a convenience sampling method, the patients were selected among those patients undergoing PCI in Heshmat Heart Medical Hospital in Rasht, Iran between March 2015 and June 2015. Analyses were performed using SPSS 19.
The majority of samples were male (61.5%), married (93.2%), retired (31.1%), and illiterate (48%). Their mean (SD) age was 60.02(10.5) years. According to the findings, 62.2% suffered from clinical anxiety and 20.3% suffered from clinical depression. The results of multivariate adjusted model showed that education level is significantly associated with mild depression. Also sex and age are significant predictors for severe depression. Male patients were less likely to have severe depression compared to female ones . Middle age patients (45-64 years) compared to older adults were more likely to be diagnosed with severe depression.
Considering the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in these patients, they need counseling, social and psychological support before, during and after procedures such as angioplasty.

One of the main tasks of the faculty of medical sciences is clinical training. Given the importance of clinical teaching for medical students, the study aim was to determine the clinical teaching status from the perspective of students and faculty members.
The population of this cross-sectional study was all medical interns and final-year students of nursing and midwifery and faculty members of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the 2015. The sampling was conducted by census method after obtaining the consent of the participants. The scale was a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, including demographic data,phrases related to clinical teaching principles by faculty members, phrases related to the use of material and educational media by clinical faculty members and phrases related to educational activities by clinical faculty members. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U test).
Based on the results, the mean score of clinical teaching status from the perspective of the faculty members was 62.88 ± 5.76 out of a score of 66, and the mean score was 52.11 ± 1.1 from the students’ perspective. Mann-Whitney U test results also showed a significant difference between faculty members’ and students’ perspective scores about clinical teaching status(P According to the findings of this study, to improve the quality of clinical education,implementation strategies will be necessary. One of the most important parts of teaching in the field of medical science is clinical education as it is the first real experience students have with their future work environment and it has a significant impact on their occupational success.

Background and Research self-efficacy is an important subject in university education. Research is considered essential to the development of societies. As such, postgraduate students require research courses in their curricula in addition to regular educational contents.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on two groups of postgraduate students (master’s degree) of nursing education and critical care nursing at Guilan University of Medical Sciences during 2008-2010 using a reliable research self-efficacy scale. Overall and individual dimensions of research self-efficacy in both groups were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, Chi-square and independent T-test.
No significant differences were observed between the study groups in the overall and individual dimensions of research selfefficacy. However, score of research self-efficacy was slightly higher in critical care nursing students compared to the nursing education group. In addition, score of self-efficacy in the dimension of qualitative research had no significant difference between the two groups (P Changes in the curriculum of postgraduate nursing students require the systematic modification of the current courses and integrated designing methods at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, as well as other universities across the country. Furthermore, research self-efficacy of students could be improved through the review of syllabi, revision of research methodology, and implementation of research seminar projects for master’s students of nursing education. In this regard, providing qualitative and integrated research methods could be beneficial as well.

The patients undergoing coronary artery angioplasty should be motivated to adhere to lifestyle modifications. One of the factors affecting this issue is cardiac self-efficacy. Cardiac self-efficacy motivates individuals to select a lifestyle related to their cardiovascular diseases through creating the desire to adjust with such behaviors..
The current research aimed to determine the cardiac self-efficacy predictors after coronary artery angioplasty..
Patients and In this cross-sectional study, 193 patients undergoing coronary artery angioplasty in Dr. Heshmat educational therapeutic center were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisted of two sections, including socio-demographic factors and cardiac self-efficacy after oral consent of the subjects. Then data were analyzed via descriptive (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson, ANOVA and independent t-test). To define cardiac self-efficacy predictors, multi-linear regression model was applied..
Based on the obtained results, the mean age of subjects was 58.35 ± 9.97 years, the majority were male (60.6%) and the underlying diseases history (57.5%) and the mean time interval between repeated angioplasty was 17.48 ± 25.2 months. Also the mean score of cardiac self-efficacy among these patients was 8.43 ± 4.5. Also, based on the results of the statistical tests, there was a significant relationship between age (P The current study results implied low cardiac self-efficacy score in the study units; then it is recommended to consider care plans to improve the cardiac self-efficacy..

Electrocardiographic parameters for the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and signifier end-organ damage in patients with hypertension are known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between QT interval parameters and LVH in patients with hypertension.
This cross-sectional study recruited 100 patients with primary hypertension who underwent cardiac echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular mass (LVM). Standard 12-lead electrocardiography was performed for all the patients, and QT interval parameters (QTmax, QTcmax, QTd [dispersion], and QTdF [difference between maximum and minimum QT intervals]) were calculated. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18). The t-test was applied to assess the relationship between QT parameters and left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine the cutoff point for the mentioned electrocardiographic test.
The mean age of the patients was 60.52±9.74 years. The mean of QTd, QTmax, and QTcd in the patients with LVH was significantly greater than that of the patients without LVH (P According to our findings, QTcd and QTc would be better tests for the detection of LVH. We recommend further research with larger sample sizes to obtain more generalizable findings.