gh. a

Birth and presence of slow pace children in each family can be considered as challenging and adverse event that probably leads to stress and frustration and mental health related complications. According to several studies that show positive and significant relationship between resiliency and values and religious beliefs and their impact on mental health,the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of resiliency skills training based on Islamic spirituality in promoting mental health and spiritual resilience among mothers of Slow Pace children.
The present study used a semi-experimental design with pre test-post test which was conducted among mothers of Slow Pace Children in Dehdasht, Iran, and the countryside using random sampling, in which 30 of these mothers were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups, participated in this study. Twelve sessions of resiliency training based on Islamic spirituality were held for experimental group of 15 people.The tools used in this study included a mental health questionnaire-28 (Ghq) and resiliency based on Islamic spirituality researcher made scale that were completed by individuals in pre and post tests. Finally, collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Analysis of data using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that utilization of Intervention program among mothers of Slow Pace children in experimental group was significantly (P>0/05) effective on mental health and components of resiliency based on Islamic spirituality. In other words, spiritual resiliency skills training was led to improve depressive symptoms, social functioning and components of spiritual resiliency such as patience, contentment, Submission and thanksgiving.
The results of the present study indicated that through changes in attitude of Slow Pace children's mothers, resiliency skills training based on Islamic spirituality can improve mental health and components of resilience-based on Islamic spirituality and helps them keep their mental health despite the exposure to chronic stress and tension.

Thermal remote sensing as a branch of remote sensing science plays an important role in environmental studies. Thermal remote sensing is one of the low-cost methods against ground surveys in the remote areas that provide valuable information from the study area for researchers in the shortest possible time. Surface temperature mapping to identify and explore potential geothermal areas using thermal Infrared band is possible that provides the grounds for further exploratory studies. In this research, using imagery of Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor, map of surface temperature anomalies provided and six regions were identified as geothermal potential. These areas with temperature about 2-5°C higher than background are as follow: the north of Ferdows, the south of Nayband village, the south of Gazik village, the southwest of Doroh, 18 kilometers from Dasht Bayaz and the south of Nehbandan. Also these areas have a very close relationship with other evidences in the presence of energy particularly faults and hot springs. This indicates the dominant role of faults as a thermal path for heat transfer from the interior to the surface. This study shows that South Khorasan province because of its special geographic and geology position has the appropriate and prone level for producing geothermal energy that with accurate management, the direct production and industrial applications of clean energy and environmentally friendly could be provided in the area.

Due to inappropriate postures, high workload, and lack of physical fitness, farmers are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in rice farmers of Babol. Then, the effect of 8 weeks of corrective exercises on neck, back, shoulder, and wrist disorders was evaluated.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of rice farmers from Babol. At first, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was assessed using Nordic questionnaire. Then, 34 subjects who had reported the highest rate of musculoskeletal disorders were selected as the sample and participated in an exercise program. The program consisted of three 40-60-minute sessions of corrective exercises continued for 8 weeks. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 19) and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
During the last 12 months, the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in the target population was 58% in low back, 50% in wrist, 30% in elbow, 20% in upper back, 12% in shoulders, and 12% in neck. The applied corrective exercise program was effective in decreasing the musculoskeletal disorders (P The study findings showed the high prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in rice farmers and suggested that corrective exercises were effective in improvement and reduction of these disorders. This implies that posture examination and use of corrective exercises are necessary and useful for rice farmers.

Studies performed in different jobs have reported different prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorders which, if detected, can be improved by proper movements and behavioral patterns. Considering the importance of health in military personnel, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its association with Body Mass Index (BMI) in Military University students.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 military students were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling in 2013. Postural abnormalities were examined using scoliometer, goniometer, chessboard, and flexible ruler. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 16) and analyzed using correlation coefficient tests.
The results showed that 41.25% of the subjects (n=165) had at least one spinal disorder. Besides, the most and least prevalent abnormalities were lordosis (26.25%) and pelvic tilt (7.75%), respectively. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between BMI and spine curves (lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis) (P The study results showed that the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders was far lower in military personnel compared to other jobs. It seems that regular exercise programs and strengthening the muscles of upper extremities, particularly the muscles that support the spine, are important in reducing these abnormalities.

Physical activities have been long believed to play a role in control and improvement of type II diabetes. Therefore, the present research aimed to assess the effect of yoga exercise on lipidprofile and blood sugar of the female patients with type II diabetes.
In this quasi-experimental research, 26 women with type II diabetes from Isfahan were randomly divided into an intervention (N=16) and a control group (N=20). The intervention group did selected yoga exercises3 sessions a week each session lasting for 75 minutes for 12 weeks. The control group, on the other hand, had no regular and systematic physical activity. The participants’ blood sugar, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), TG (Triglyceride), and TC (Total Cholesterol) were measured before and after the exercise period. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test for the difference between the means of the independent groups).
The results showed no significant difference between the two groups regarding LDL, HDL, TG, TC, and FBS levels before the intervention. However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean of FBS (t=-2.1, P=0.04) and TG (t=-2.9, P=0.007) after the intervention.
The findings of the present research showed that doing a cycle of yoga exercises led to a significant improvement in blood sugar of the patients with type II diabetes. Thus, in addition to diet and medications, yoga exercises can be considered among the factors improving diabetes.

Chamran 2 cultivar with the pedigree Attila 50y//Attila/Bacanora, originated from national cereal breeding program by crossing between Chamran cultivar and Attila line in Karaj (1996-97). The F1 plants were evaluated and selected in 1997-98 cropping season. The new cultivar was evaluated in six warm and dry southern research stations of the country (2004-2006). Chamran cultivar with good adaptability, high grain yield, acceptable level of resistance to different physiological stripe and leaf rust races, good grain quality (11-13.2 protein%), earliness, resistance to terminal heat stress and shattering, was selected and released in 2013. Chamran 2, can be recommended for southern dry and warm agro-climatic zone of Iran, especially in north and west parts of Khozestan, and Fars provinces, and also Warm areas of Lorestan, Kerman and Kermanshah, provinces (hot spots).

The aim of the present study was to investigate 5th grade primary school student's misconceptions about heat and temperature, concepts that are important in school science curricula and closely related to daily life. A sample including 136 primary school students who were studying at the 5th grade in 4 educational school districts of 6th region of Tehran were selected and participated in the study. A test comprising five open-ended and multiple-choice diagnostic questions and also semi-structured interviews were used to collect the required data. Findings showed that students have many various and different conceptions about heat and temperature and many of which have not been previously documented. In the light of the study, it can be suggested that due to the Ministry of Education’s recent revisions of the science education curricula and instructional materials, further emphasis should be put on heat and temperature and its modeling in related course books.

The study was designed to determine the level of incidence، titer and various serovars of leptospira in 203 cows and 166 sheep at Urmia abattoir in 2011. Blood samples were collected during the slaughter of animals and sera were separated to evaluate serological reaction to leptospira spp by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using live antigens representing leptospira interrogans serogroups: pomona، grippotyphosa، canicola، hardjo، icterrohaemoragia، and ballum. Overall، 36% of cows and 19. 3% of sheep including 33. 8% of bulls، 40. 5% of female cows، 18. 3% of rams and 25% of ewes had positive reaction to at least one of the leptospira serovars. The most prevalent serovars in cows were pomona (22. 7%)، grippotyphosa (13. 8%)، and hardjo (8. 4%)، and in sheep were grippotyphosa (66. 7%)، pomona (26. 2%) and canicola (7. 1%). Other serovars were not detected in ruminants. The most prevalent serological titers for 1:100 and 1:200 in cows was 18. 2% and 26. 6% and for sheep، were 13. 5% and 8%، respectively، and for 1:400 in sheep it was 2. 3%. Cows with positive reaction to one، two and three serovars were 28. 6%، 5. 9%، and 1. 5% and sheep to one and two serovars were 13. 3% and 6%، respectively. Age comparison in seropositive cows and sheep showed significantly increased infection (P<0. 05) from young to adult ruminants، while no differences were seen between males and females regarding gender. The main mixed serovars were between grippotyphosa/pomona، grippotyphosa/canicola and canicola/pomona. The gender comparison of the serovars'' distribution revealed that the pomona and grippotyphosa were predominant among other leptospiral serovars in cows and sheep، respectively. In conclusion، the rate of leptospirosis in Urmia cows was about 2 fold in sheep. The most current serovars in cows and sheep were pomona and grippotyphosa، respectively. The majority of animals infected with one serovar، but polyserovars، is also possible. The highest titer (1:200) was observed in cows. There was no gender difference، but age was significant between ruminants. Finally، leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease must be seriously considered in Urmia cows rather than in sheep، and therefore، a serious effort must be considered to reduce the rate of disease and the risk of public health as well.

Ali IbnAbaida Al-Raihāni has been the translator of Pahlavi works into Arabic. He has a great role in adapting the ancient Iranian heritage to Islamic culture and literature in the first centuries. In the following study, the author is going to introduce this Muslim scholar and his works via referring to different sources. Next, he analyzes two of his works in detail to provide the reader with a general view of his other work's subject.

Camphorosma monspeliaca is one of the rare species in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province with a distribution of 3500 ha in Doto-Tangsayad. In the current study, distribution of Camphorosma monspeliaca in the province, vegetation and companion species, phenology and relationship between plant and environmental factors were studied to investigate some ecological characteristics. Although Camphorosma monspeliaca has a large distribution in the studied area, the best distribution pattern was seen in southern and northern aspects as dominant or companion species. Camphorosma monspeliaca is companion with other species in different aspects. According to the results, average of plant parameters differed in different aspects as the most canopy cover and density of Camphorosma monspeliaca were recorded in southern aspect. In view of forage quality, protein content and digestibility of the mentioned species are high. Camphorosma monspeliaca can be established in none saline soils (Ec < 2dsm-1) and alkali soils (7.5<pH<8.5) with a soil texture of clay, clay loam, loam and calcareous soils (20-30%) having a low content of organic matter and gypsum. Among studied elements C, N, Ca and Mg were much higher in the soil under Camphorosma monspeliaca vegetation due to the need of range species and easy access to these elements. In comparison to K and P, Na was higher in Camphorosma monspeliaca because of high sodium adsorption ability in plants of Chenopodiacea with a C4 photosynthetic pathway.In general, study of the mentioned species is essential to consider its multiple uses.

Glycyrrhiza glabra has a wide variety of therapeutic effects especially on gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its anti-spasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects have also been reported. This study was preformed to determine the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (D-reglis tablet) on the pain and defecation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In a randomized double blind clinical trial, 90 patients with IBS referred to gastrointestinal clinic of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected into case and control groups. Patients in the case group received nortriptyline plus D-reglis (6 tablets in three divided doses for 8 weeks) and patients in the control group received nortriptyline and placebo. During the trial, patients were evaluated for pain severity (based on VAS grade) and defecation condition (with a questionnaire). Data were analyzed by means of SPSS, using relevant statistical tests at the significant level of P<0.05. Although the pain severity showed a decreasing trend in both the case and control groups during the 8 weeks of trial (P<0.001), there was no significant difference between the groups at all times (P>0.05). Compared to the control group, patients in the case group spent less time having normal stool (P=0.02) and more time (P=0.02) having hard stool. It seems that Glycyrrhiza glabra has no significant effect on the pain of IBS patients; however, it may improve the diarrhea or exacerbate the constipation in these patients.

Alimony as a word, means going out and as a term, it refers to all the accepted needs of a woman. This word and the related words are repeated in the Holy Koran, more than seventy five times. To fulfill one's duty about the alimony, is much more important than the other kinds of duties that a man has to. A married woman or a temporarily married woman, who obeys her husband, can receive the alimony. The condition of the alimony even after divorce is one of those issues that is discussed by the lawyers today.

Background and control of intraocular pressure has specific role in ophthalmic surgery but ËTT as a common access to airway in general anesthesia lead to increase in ÏÔP، so، many study have been done to evaluate an alternative access to airway such as laryngeal mask. We conducted this study to evaluate intraocular pressure changes subsequent to insertion of laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube. This study was conducted in 50 adult’s patients who candidated for phako surgery. The patients were divided in 2 groups with simple randomized method (25 patients per group). Laryngeal mask airway was inserted in group 1 (11 cases of right eye cataract and 14 cases of left)، and tracheal tube was inserted in group 2 (11 and 14 cases the same as group 1). ÏÔP were measured in 2 groups in only affected eye (right or left). 3 minutes after anesthesia in ËTT group، ÏÔP in right eye was: mean ± SD= 16. 31 ± 1. 45 and in left eye was: mean ± SD= 16. 71 ± 1. 747 and in LMÂ group ÏÔP in right eye was: mean ± SD= 12. 54 ± 1. 398 and 14 left eye was: mean ± SD= 12. 73 ± 1. 491. Â statistically significant decrease in ÏÔP in LMÂ group (inclusive right and left eyes) was seen (P= 0. 012). Çonclusion: laryngeal mask airway is a reliable alternative technique for ocular surgeries compare to tracheal intubation.

Mental health is one of the most important public health issues, and it has major contribution in decreasing global burden of diseases. the objective of this study was to estimate the point prevalence rate of mental disorders in the population aged 18 years and over in Kashan city in 2009. A classified- randomized sampling method was used. The General Health Questionnaire and clinical interview were employed to determine of mental disorders. data were analyzed by using Spss v. 16 and OR, and Chi-square test. The overall prevalence rate of mental disorders in Kashan was estimated (29%) (Female= 35/5%). The most prevalent disorders were mood disorders and anxiety disorders (9/3%) and (4/7%) respectively. In total five hundred-five (505) individuals with mental disorders, 32.1% had mood disorders, 25.6% had anxiety disorders, 4.2% had psychotic disorders, 3.4 % had neurological disorders, 3.4% dissociative disorders and 23.7% had other disorders. In this study 7.8% of subject had one mental disorder at least. The prevalence rate was high in people aged 56-65 years (35/8%) and widow (35/8%), illiterate (42/8%) and unemployed (38/8%). There were statistically significant differences between genders, education, and occupation and marital status. Mental disorder has a priority for any intention intervention by health policy makers. It should be taken into account for any future agenda by ministry of health.

Climate change and increase of global warming is one of the most important challenges in sustainable development, which is due to increase of concentration of greenhouse gasses in atmosphere. CO2 is the main part of greenhouse gasses. In order to mitigate atmospheric CO2 and create balance in greenhouse gasses, atmospheric carbon must be absorbed and sequestrated in different forms. Rangelands ecosystems have approximately half of the worlds land area and they store over third of trrestrial biospher carbon. In order to evaluate the effect of grazing intensity on content and distribution of soil carbon sequestration and plant biomass, a study was carried out at Sisab semiarid rangelands of North Khorasn province. After survey, three sampling area has been specified (reference, key and critical). The content of above ground and under ground biomass carbon, litter carbon and soil organic carbon (in two depths 0-15, 15-30 cm) was determined in three area. The result showed that the total carbon sequestration in reference area was 39. 79 ton/ha, in key area was 28. 97 ton/ha and in critical area was 24. 43 ton/ha. The results of carbon distribution showed that the soil organic carbon content was >97% of total carbon sequestration, In addition the carbon content in underground biomass was higher than above ground biomass. It was concluded that the grazing intensity cause to decrease of vegetation cover, content of plant biomass and decrease of carbon sequestration in soil and vegetation biomass, and soil is the most impotant sink for organic carbon storage in this rangelands.

Breast feeding is significantly important in mothers and infants health and finan -cially beneficial for the country. This research was done to evaluate the impact of using "shirafza drop" by nursing mothers on weight gain (WG) of 0-6 months exclusively breastfed. The study was done by clinical trial of prespectively in two groups included of 158 breast fed mothers referring to health centers having problems in their infants weight gain received Shirafza Drop for 4 weeks (30 drops in 3 separate dose). This drug was prepared of six increasing milk plants: Foeniculum Volgare, Pimpinella Anisum, Cuminum Cyminum, Nigella Sativa, Anetom Gravolen and Petroselinum Crispum. The control received placebo (solution of chlorophyl in alcohol). The data were gathered by a questionnaire and follow up forms in five stages and infants were weighted in each stage. The data calculation was made by the chi- square test, analysis variance and analysis of co-variance and t-test. The mean of total WG of infants at all stages in the case group (471.1±222.9 g) and the control group (554.7±321.1) weren’t statistically significant. (P=0.5) and there was not any significant relationship in the rate of mothers milk emotionally, the least WG in the first 3month (26 g/daily) and in the second 3 month (17 g/daily) then, the comparison of the two groups showed that the infants more than 3 months gained the least weight. According to this research data using Shirafza Drop by nursing mothers don’t have any effect on 0-6 month infants’ weight gain.