h. moradi

Bud dormancy is one of the important issues in planting and cultivation of fruit trees that needs to be addressed in many trees such as orange (Citrus sinensis). Bud dormancy involves cessation of horizontal and vertical growth, lack of budbreak, and reduction in plant activity during cold weather. One of the commercial orange cultivars is Tarocco blood orange which compared to older blood cultivars, is larger in size and with lower alternate bearing has higher marketability. The nursery trees of this cultivar are grafted on sour orange, citrange, and vigorous rootstock of citrumelo (a hybrid between trifoliate orange and grapefruit) (Talon et al., 2020). One of the major problems of nurserymen in spring grafting of Tarocco cultivar on vigorous citrumelo rootstock is the failure of about 50 percent of buds to break compared to other cultivars on the same rootstock and other similar rootstocks. This unwanted dormancy leads to a one-year delay in the nursery tree production process and unnecessary occupation of nursery space. Given the commercial importance of blood orange and the adverse effects of bud dormancy on yield and fruit lifetime, solutions are used to control and overcome this problem. One of the effective solutions is the application of cytokinins which can stimulate the growth of graft buds (Yadav & Saini, 2018).

This research was conducted in a citrus nursery at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Sari, in late May 2022. Citrumelo seedlings were grown in 5.3 liter pots containing a loamy-silt soil mix in the nursery location. Tarocco cultivar buds were prepared from a seven-year-old mother orchard and T-budding was performed in June (during rootstock bark slipping). All hormone treatments were applied after graft union and before bending the branch using a soft brush on the graft buds. The applied treatments included hormone treatment (control, 5000 mg.l-1 benzyladenine, 1000 mg.l-1 kinetin, and 50 mg.l-1 thidiazuron) and treatment time (13, 15, and 17 days after grafting). After two months, some traits related to budbreak and growth of the grafted buds were evaluated.

The results showed that thidiazuron and benzyladenine treatments had better effects compared to kinetin treatment on spring budbreak and initial growth of Tarocco grafted buds. In a way that 50 mg.l-1 thidiazuron treatment had the highest number of sprouted buds (67.91), largest leaf area (118.04 cm2), highest number of leaves (16.50), especially when applied 13 days after grafting. Also, in leaf size related traits, leaf area indices, graft growth rate as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid content of Tarocco graft leaves were significantly affected by different hormonal treatments and application times, with 50 mg.L-1 thidiazuron being more effective than other treatments. Cytokinins can promote division and expansion of leaf cells and thereby result in increased cell numbers and improvement of different leaf parameters. Also, cytokinins regulate important physiological processes like photosynthesis. Application of these materials provides cell division especially in areas like buds and growth points and also possibly more buds may form on the spring graft by using these treatments during the grafting process which can lead to increased bud break and faster plant growth (Cook & Bahar, 2017). Increasing cytokinin levels can stimulate the photosynthesis process which results in increased food production, leaf growth and ultimately increased leaf area. On the other hand, cytokinins affect plant metabolism and can regulate production and accumulation of different growth factors. This may lead to a better balance in nutrient distribution and metabolic activities which in turn aids leaf area increase (Hodchek et al., 2023). Finally, according to the obtained results, it can be recommended to nurserymen of this cultivar to use 50 mg.L-1 thidiazuron 13 days after grafting as a practical and effective strategy for increasing spring budbreak, growth and development of Tarocco buds grafted on citrumelo.

In general, based on the results, the application of 50 mg.l-1 of thidiazuron 13 days after grafting can be considered a practical and effective strategy to enhance bud awakening, as well as the growth and development of Tarocco spring shoots on citronmelo. This practice is recommended for producers of seedlings of this cultivar.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the technical efficiency and scale of 15 suppliers of a production unit from 2020 to 2022. The research utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze two scale assumptions that are generally employed: constant returns to scale (CRS), and variable returns to scale (VRS). The variables for the study were selected based on indicator availability, representation principles, and expert opinions. Investment, nonoperating expense cost and operating costs (including raw material costs, wages, and overhead costs) were considered as inputs, while net sales and return on investment were regarded as outputs. The results indicate that only two suppliers were operating at the optimal scale, and the scale efficiency of the supply chain displayed an increasing dispersion over the mentioned period. However, the net technical efficiency of the supply chain demonstrated an increasing concentration, suggesting an overall reduction in the gap between suppliers and an improvement in pure technical efficiency within the manufacturing unit's supply chain. This study provides valuable insights into the differences between suppliers from a macro perspective and offers guidance for manufacturing units looking to expand their supply chain.

A line location problem as a subdivision of facility location problem deals with finding a straight line in the plane, so that sum of weighted distances or maximum weighted distances from the line to the demand points is minimized. This paper provides a novel approach to study the semi-obnoxious median line location problem with Euclidean norm by using data envelopment analysis method. Since the presented procedure would consider lines as decision making units, so efficiency of lines is taken into account instead of their optimality. Moreover, due to the inherent uncertainty of the parameters of the line location problem in the real world such as weights or/and coordinates of demand points, the problem under interval data is studied in viewpoint of data envelopment analysis as well. Furthermore, some propositions and a numerical example are provided to investigate the problem. Finally, conclusion is given.

In this paper, a conceptual model is proposed to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the transverse vibrations of the floating wind turbine. The conceptual models are the best tools to capture the most important phenomena in the dynamic response of the systems. First, the surge dynamics of the TLP platform is modeled as a nonlinear spring. Then the fore-aft motions of the wind turbine is modeled as a spring-mass system. Then simulations are carried out to evaluate the time response of the proposed model. Afterward, the FAST code is utilized to verify the proposed model. The internal resonance and its combinations with the primary resonance are studied by the multiple time scale method. Finally, the frequency response curve is obtained and the effect of the various parameters of the system on the amplitude and the stability of the oscillations are investigated.

‎The present paper seeks to establish an approximation of the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality (AM-GM) using a logarithmically concave function‎. ‎We utilized the specific properties of this class of functions to derive modified versions of the AM-GM inequality as a specific example‎. ‎These findings present a fresh perspective on the subject‎.

The problem of tracking control is addressed for rigid bodies with interior shallow-water sloshing. The liquid motion is modeled by the Saint-Venant equations, coupled with the ODE of the rigid body, leading to a global system with an ODE-hyperbolic PDE cascade structure. The paper aims to design an innovative boundary feedback framework for a pre-specified position to deal with rigid body tracking errors. Using only one control force applied to the rigid body, the formulated strategy efficiently stabilizes both the finite- and infinite-dimensional states. The main complexity lies in the fact that no sensor can be implemented in the liquid domain. Indeed, the proposed stabilizing feedback law simply requires measurements of (i) the rigid body position error and velocity and (ii) the liquid pressure at the cavity walls (liquid boundary). The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed using the Lyapunov direct method and LaSalle’s invariance principle without any discretization, reduction, and linearization. Additional controller features are highlighted by simulation results, including its benefits in contrast to the corresponding PD controller and its robustness to time delay and system uncertainty.

Best cancer treatment is the one which reduces the tumor’s density in minimum time with less side effects, considering the input limitations. In this paper, a tracking controller was designed to achieve the mentioned objectives, simultaneously. An ordinary differential equations (ODEs)-based mathematical model of a human’s body under chemovirotherapy was selected, which includes the uninfected and infected tumor cells, free viruses, immune cells, and a chemotherapeutic drug. Stability analysis was used to determine the sensible equilibrium points. For tracking purposes, a servo controller based on the entire eigenstructure assignment (EESA) approach was applied to the model, continuously and discretely. By regulating the command input properties, optimal treatment duration with limited drug dosage and virus dosage was determined. The results indicate that the discrete controller performs smoother than the continuous controller. In the discrete controller, optimum time interval for the injection of drugs and viruses was determined to propose an optimal treatment schedule.

This study aimed to evaluate nutritional value and identify the mycochemical composition of winter truffles (Tuber brumale) with two different flesh colors (dark and bright) that were found in the Hyrcanian forests (Iran). The; carbohydrates, protein, and fat content were 11.3 mg. g-1 dry weight, 12.53%, and 2.41% in dark winter truffle and 12.64 mg. g-1 DW, 11.06%, and 2.4% in bright type, respectively. Although the results of GC-MS analysis showed that fatty acids and esterified fatty acids are the most abundant in methanolic extracts, ergosterol was the dominant compound in methanolic extracts, which was quantified 15.88 and 12.89% in dark and bright types, respectively. The most identified compounds in n-hexane extracts were alkanes. Also, the amount of ergosterol, as the dominant compound in n-hexane extracts, was quantified 32.41 and 24.3% in dark and bright winter truffles, respectively. In the methanolic extract of dark T. brumale, the Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1- methyl ethyl) or carvacrol were measured 0.25%. The 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was one of the phenolic compounds which were discovered at 0.54% in n-hexane extract of bright winter truffle. Also, squalene as a natural triterpene was identified in methanolic and n-hexane extracts of both types of T. brumale. The most concentration of squalene (1.91%) was recorded in n-hexane extract of dark T. brumale.

Increasing the thickness of the oxide layer on the surface of the titanium alloy by electrochemical processes such as anodizing, leads to improved corrosion resistance and ultimately increase the lifespan of titanium implants in the human body. Among the parameters affecting the properties of the anodized layer, process voltage is of great importance with respect to kinetic and thermodynamic processes. In this paper, titanium substrate is subjected to anodizing process in sulfuric acid solution by different voltages such as 3, 6, 9 and 21 volts, electrolyte temperature of 60 ° C and duration of 30 seconds. Then the fuzzy, structural and morphological behavior, as well as the corrosion behavior of the coating are evaluated by GIXRD, FESEM and electrochemical tests such as electrochemical impedance in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solutionat 37 °C, respectively. GIXRD and FESEM analyzes show the formation of a titanium oxide coating with a hexagonal structure, which with increasing voltage up to 6 volts, a smoother and smoother surface was obtained, but further increase of voltage up to 9 and 21 volts, resulted in a rougher surface. Also, the results of corrosion behavior showed that increasing the anodizing voltage up to 6 volts due to the presence of a more uniform and smoother surface, which indicates less surface imperfections, led to the highest load transfer resistance in 1 and 24 hours of immersion in SBF solution at 37354 And 58127 (Ω .Cm2 ) compared to other anodized samples.

The expansion of renewable energy sources (RESs (and advances in power electronics have been led to more attention being paid to DC microgrids (DCMGs). DCMGs enable the exploitation of all renewable energy potentials. Along with the advantages of RESs and DCMGs, the use of RESs is associated with the challenges of absence or lack of inherent inertia. Inertia in the DCMGs plays an important role in reducing voltage changes under destructive events such as load change and power change. Therefore, by applying energy storage systems (ESSs) in DCMGs, and inertia emulation the mentioned challenges can be overcome. The proposed control scheme is implemented based on the concept of the virtual supercapacitor in the inner control loop of the ESS interface dual-half-bridge (DHB) converter with DCMG to emulate the inertia. Due to the high efficiency, electrical insulation, inherent soft switching, and the need for a smaller filter, the DHB converter has been used. Finally, a DCMG is simulated in MATLAB / Simulink. The simulation results show the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed scheme in terms of inertia emulation.

History and background of blackberry cultivars and wild species is unclear in the south coast of the Caspian Sea as an origin of diversity center in Iran. In the present study, genetic diversity of 45 genotypes of blackberries (thorny and thornless) from the collection of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU) located in south of the Caspian Sea were studied by using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Jaccardchr('39')s similarity coefficient was used to plot the cluster diagram according to the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) algorithm. Results showed that 10 ISSR primers amplified 345 fragments, of which 344 were polymorphic. The average numbers of bands were 34.5 per primers. Based on the Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) results, blackberry genotypes were classified in three groups. Some wild genotypes were located closed to commercial thorny cultivars. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes to six groups. Introduced genotypes that were in the same group were separated in sub-groups according to maturity time (early, mid, and late ripening cultivars). These genetic traits separated them and confirmed the morphological results, identifying them as thorny cultivars Silvan, Marion, and Tupi. The results indicated that gene pool of thornless blackberry is not limited to chimera type (as first generation of thornlessness) and it probably includes the two further steps in evolution, and even include some new and evolved types of native thornlessness.

Azolla grows well in wetlands and reservoirs in northern Iran. This plant can be used as a source of compost and as an organic fertilizer. In this study, azolla compost (AZC) and humic acid (HA) were used in the production of daffodil. The experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement based on the completely randomized design. The first factor was AZC (25%, 50%, 75% and 100 %v/v) and the second factor was humic acid (0, 250 and 500 mg L-1). Results showed that the longest flowering stem with 24.03% increase compared to control, was recorded at 25% AZC + 500 mg L-1 HA. Treatments 100% AZC + 250 and 500 mg L-1 HA, produced the highest flowering stem diameter. Maximum anthocyanin content obtained in compost 100% + 250 mg L-1 humic acid. In compost 25% + 500 mg L-1 humic acid, the amount of nitrogen and calcium was at the maximum. In compost 75% + 500 mg L-1 humic acid, the concentration of phosphorus and potassium increased compared to the control. The results of the present study showed that the use of azolla compost and humic acid is effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of daffodil.

Unwanted vibrations of the vehicles are regarded as harmful threats to the human health from various biomechanical and psychophysical aspects. Road roughness has been considered as the main cause of unwanted vibrations in bus vehicles. Vertical seat vibrations have been found via simulation of a ten degree of freedom (10-DOF) model of an intercity bus vehicle under harmonic and random excitations caused by road roughness. To suppress undesirable vibrations, mass-spring-damper passive absorbers are proposed in a thirteen degrees of freedom (13-DOFs) model of the bus. By optimizing the characteristics of the embedded passive absorbers under each seat, and implementation of the designed absorbers, it is observed that the vertical displacement amplitudes in the frequency response of the seats are reduced especially near the bus resonance frequencies. In addition, the vertical displacement and acceleration amplitudes are decreased in the random excitation of the road roughness. According to the results, optimized mass-spring-damper absorbers are suggested as a practical solution to suppress the unwanted vibration effects in the bus vehicle.

Cantaloupe is a one-year-old herb of gourds and edible fruit with very good properties. Cantaloupe is one of the best sources of vitamin A and is rich in beta carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the body. In addition, it contains other useful nutrients such as potassium, steel, fiber, magnesium, iodine and vitamins B5, B3, B6 and B1. Life cycle assessment in recent years has become an appropriate tool for assessing environmental impacts in agricultural and food industries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the life cycle assessment of this horticultural crop in terms of energy consumption and the environmental impacts in the city of Iwan West, Ilam province.

The data were collected from dryland cantaloupe producers in the city of Iwan West, Ilam province using questionnaires and interviews were collected from farmers. In this study, four important energy indices were energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), specific energy (SE), and net energy gain (NEG). Environmental impacts on dryland cantaloupe production were evaluated using a life cycle assessment approach and the obtained indexes were calculated using the CML 2 baseline 2000 model. Ecoinvent databases were used to access needed information and data analysis was done with Simapro software. In a life cycle assessment project, all production processes of a product from the stage of extraction of materials to disposal of the remaining waste from the product are reviewed and the results of the reduction of environmental degradation are applied. Each life cycle assessment project has four essential steps including, goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory, environmental impact assessment, and interpretation.

Input and output energy analysis in dryland cantaloupe production The total input and output energies for dryland cantaloupe were calculated to be 39021.59 and 39190.43 MJ ha-1, respectively. Diesel fuel, agricultural machinery and nitrogen fertilizers were the most widely used energy inputs with 51%, 24%, and 14%, respectively. Energy use efficiency for dryland cantaloupe production was calculated at 1.004.Analysis of environmental impacts in dryland cantaloupe production In this study, the global warming potential per produced product in dryland cantaloupe production was estimated to be equal to 202.45 kgCO2 eq. from among inputs, diesel fuel had the most impact on the effects of abiotic depletion and ozone layer depletion, and in all parts of the effects of agricultural machinery and nitrogen fertilizers, the largest share of pollutants was allocated. The results of normalization showed that the effect of marine aquatic ecotoxicity and freshwater aquatic has the highest environmental burden on dryland cantaloupe production.

The results of energy analysis showed that the total energy inputs were equal to 39021.59 MJ ha-1. Among inputs of diesel fuel, agricultural machinery, and nitrogen fertilizer were the most consumed energy inputs. The energy use efficiency index and the net energy in this study were 1.004 and 168.84 MJ ha-1, respectively. The results of environmental impacts had shown that diesel fuel, nitrogen fertilizer, and agricultural machinery had been most affected. It is recommended that proper management of agricultural machinery, equipping fields with new and suitable machines and avoiding the use of tractors and worn-out tools should be put in order to minimize the energy consumption and environmental pollutants generated by the production. Less use of chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogen) and its replacement with organic fertilizers can also be affected.

In this paper, the production and release of vitamin B12 on the hydrogel carrier of hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer were simulated by using COMSOL software. Three parameters were investigated in the simulation: system boundary velocity, initial concentration of drug loaded on carrier, and thickness of the hydrogel membrane. The provided results of the simulation revealed that in order to control optimal drug release from carrier into body, the thickness of the hydrogel carrier should be increased; In addition, the concentration of drug on the carrier increased more than the desired amount of over a period of time; Also the boundary layer’s velocity of the system is proportional to the velocity of water infusion into the hydrogel. The optimal simulation outcomes were obtained by initial concentration of 1000 mole/m3 for vitamin B12, thickness of 0.0004 mm for hydrogel membrane, and constant velocity of 2×10-11 m/s. In this study, the time required to reach equilibrium concentration for the constant boundary of system is 120000 s, while this figure for a moving boundary with the constant velocity of 2×10-11 m/s is 210000 s, and also for a moving boundary with variable velocity which is depended on time is 210000 s.

Sorrow is a natural response to adverse events such as loss and birth of premature or abnormal neonates, which increases the risk of chronic physical diseases, substance abuse, and suicide if prolonged. In addition, sorrow decreases the quality of life of individuals, causing variable degrees of disability in individual and social functions. The components of chronic sorrow in the parents of premature neonates include premature birth, developmental disabilities, Down syndrome, neural tube defects (e.g., meningococcus), and chronic diseases (e.g., cancer). The parents of these neonates experience variable degrees of chronic sorrow, which in turn makes it difficult to care for and interact with the newborn. The birth of a premature neonate is the main challenge in postpartum care. In general, approximately 13 million births lead to premature birth each year. Iran has one of the highest prevalence rates of premature birth across the world, where 5,000 neonates are born daily, 12% of whom are underweight and 10-15% are born premature before 37 weeks of gestation. The birth of a newborn that needs special care causes psychologically special and shocking conditions for the parents, preventing the fulfillment of their true role as a parent. Sorrow occurs when parents find out that their newborn is chr('39')incompletechr('39'). Sorrow encompasses both internal phenomena (e.g., thoughts and feelings) and external phenomena in the form of behaviors related to sorrow (e.g., sadness and crying). One of the main nursing interventions in this regard involves diminishing the problems of the parents whose newborn is hospitalized in the intensive care unit through their empowerment by providing the required knowledge for the better care of admitted premature neonates, which has been highlighted within the context of family-oriented care to increase the quality of life of the neonate and families. In general, the implementation of proper nursing interventions could lead to positive outcomes for parents, reducing issues such as grief, stress, changed parental roles as a major nursing measure for diminishing the problems of the parents whose neonates are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The empowerment of parents occurs by providing the necessary conditions for the interaction and participation of parents in the care of premature neonates. The creating opportunities for parent empowerment (COPE) was designed by Melnyk et al. in 2001 for the parents of premature infants. COPE is a four-stage educational-behavioral intervention based on the self-regulatory and control theories. In addition to the mental support of parents, this program provides the necessary information regarding the complexion and behaviors of premature infants, parental roles, conditions of the intensive care unit, and proper care of the neonates. The present study aimed to assess the effects of the COPE on the chronic sorrow of the parents of the premature neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted with a control group after the approval of the research plan and obtaining the required permit from the Ethics Committee and an introduction letter from Iran University of Medical Sciences at NICUs of Rasoul Akram and Ali Asghar hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Based on the inclusion criteria, 68 parents with premature infants admitted to the NICU were selected via convenience sampling. The stratification of the subjects to two groups was based on a time framework. Initially, the control group was samples, followed by the sampling of the intervention group. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Kendall chronic sorrow instrument with 18 items scored based on a Likert scale, which were collected by the subjects in both groups. In the intervention group, the COPE program (four-stage educational-behavioral intervention) was carried out, and the control group received the routine care of the ward. The trainings and meetings with the parents were performed in groups of 2-4, including the mother and father, in the conference room of the ward with the permission of the head nurse by the researcher and the co-researcher. One month after the launching of the study, the questionnaires were completed again by the subjects via WhatsApp social network. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables and numerical indices), followed by inferential statistics using Chi-square, Fisherchr('39')s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test for the comparison of the study groups.

No significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of age, education level, place of residence, length of the neonatechr('39')s admission, gender of the neonates, and mode of delivery between the intervention and control groups, and the groups were homogenous in this regard at the significance level of 0.05. In addition, the results of independent t-test showed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the score of chronic sorrow (P>0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of chronic sorrow in the control and intervention groups was 43.11±8.38 and 32.85±5.45, respectively, which indicated a significant difference in this regard (P<0.001). This finding indicated the effectiveness of the COPE program in decreasing the chronic sorrow of the parents of the premature infants admitted to the NICU.

According to the results, the symptoms of sorrow appeared in the parents in the intervention and control groups upon the admission of the premature neonates to the NICU. Therefore, the parents whose premature infants are admitted to the NICU require proper examination and treatment for the symptoms of sorrow. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of the COPE program in the alleviation of the sorrow of the parents whose premature neonates were admitted to the NICU. Therefore, it is recommended that this program be implemented as an effective and cost-efficient strategy in NICUs. Furthermore, the use of audio-visual training programs along with routine treatments could positively influence the care of premature infants and reduce the psychological effects on care on the parents. Owing to technological advancement, the easy application of such educational programs could maintain the independence of families and increase the knowledge interaction of parents in the care of the newborn, while decreasing their stress and sorrow.

The main purpose of this research is to explain the sphere of influence, studying and studying the effects of satellites in families and ways to deal with it. The method used in research based on the purpose of exploratory research and in terms of data type, is a qualitative research. This article is descriptive and has been added to the sample data with the help of a qualitative analysis method. Media performs and performs important functions for mental imagery. Today, the ever-increasing influx of satellite and cinematic films, which are the result of the emergence of advanced technology and communications, have laid the foundations for the beliefs and ethics of rich cultures. The media are trying to shape their mental image to others as they wish. Even if they are not in the real world. In fact, they are directing and directing the public's thoughts to the point of view with a mental image. It can be said that the ultimate goal is the media threats, the formation of the environment and the threat of the family institution of the Islamic religion, and in the meantime, more than all Islamic societies, the isolation of the "Islamic Republic of Iran" is in their agenda. Despite the laws and regulations adopted on the prohibition of the use of satellite in Iran and the explicit opposition to immitations by its unusual use, in this study, the statistics taken from the unusual use of advanced technology, supported by Western media empowerment, And most of them are alarming to cover and receive satellite programs. In the study after the conclusion, proposals have been made to address the threats posed by satellite use.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adherence to decrees, religious orientation and psychological capital among male and female students. The population of this study was the male and female students of the Sama Institute of Islamic Azad University of Ardabil Branch in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 50 males and females who were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. The participants completed the following questionnaires: the Agent-to-Decrees Questionnaires, the Luthans' Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Allport Religion Orientation Questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was investigated using Cronbach's alpha. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on correlation coefficients, there was a positive and significant relationship between the adherence to decrees, except for internal religious orientation, and the components of psychological capital and external religious involvement. There was also a positive and significant relationship between external religious orientation, except for internal religious involvement, and the adherence to decrees and all components related to psychological well-being. Based on the results of multiple regressions, all the components of psychological capital had a positive and significant impact on adherence to decrees, among which the first and third components, respectively, had the highest positive coefficients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of coaches’ leadership style and effective coaching with sport success in Iranian top tennis players. The methodology of this study was descriptive-correlation in terms of goals. The statistical population included all the players participating in the A level tennis championship in Iran (N=120). According to the defined number of statistical population, in both men and women, men players were 70 subjects and female players were 30 subjects according to Morgan table. The questionnaire of leadership style by Bass and Avolio (2002), coaching effectiveness by Kavussanu et al. (2008) and sport success by Vaez Mosavi and Mosavi (2015) were used. In this study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for leadership style was 0.90, for dimensions of transformational leadership was 0.89, for practical leadership was 0.71, for laissez faire leadership was 0.71, effective coaching was 0,90 and sport success was 0.89. To investigate the research hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient was used and multivariate regression method was used to examine the predictors of the criterion variable. The results showed a relationship between practical and transformational styles of leadership and effective coaching and sport success. Transformational and practical leadership styles predict the sport success of tennis players.

The purpose of the current study was to compare the issues of being committed to the teachings of Islam, religious orientation, and psychological capital across male and female students. The participants of the study included male and female students at Sama institute- Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch in academic year of 2018-2019. Then, the sample of fifty male and female students was equally selected through two-stage cluster sampling. The selected participants answered such questionnaires as commitment to the teachings of Islam, Luthans’ psychological capital, and Allport’s religious orientation. Their internal consistency was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Chi-square was used to examine the relationship between commitment to the teachings of Islam and gender. Furthermore, considering “doing good and forbidding evil”, the researchers found that there was a high correlation between gender and factors such as control of the look, appropriate cover, swear, avoidance of exploring others, bad guessing, avoidance of bad speech, good work, respect for parents. It is worth mentioning that with the exception of factors such as avoidance of exploring in others, bad guessing, and good work, females outperformed the male students. T-test demonstrated that there was a significant difference in each of the four components of psychological capital and internal-external religious orientations across genders. Comparing means showed that in all cases females enjoyed high value and outperformed the males regarding the mentioned parameters. There was not any significant difference in the total scores of commitment to the teachings of Islam across gender.

Average daily gain (ADG) is the most economically important trait in sheep industry.
In genome wide association study and genomic selection, determining of extent and level of linkage
disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype block structure are critical in sample size and marker density. Haplotype blocks are defined as long stretches of SNPs along a chromosome that have low recombination rates, which characterized by relatively few haplotypes. Understanding haplotype structure in genome can greatly facilitate LD analysis. Haplotype-based association analysis can offer a powerful approach for mapping functional genes (Gabriel et al., 2002). Therefore, the objective of this research were to study LD pattern, determine haplotype block structure and genome wide haplotype association study in Zandi sheep for identifying the genomic region associated with pre-weaning (AGW) and post-weaning daily gain (PWG). A total of 96 Iranian Zandi sheep were used in the study. The following two traits were analyzed: pre-weaning daily gain and post-weaning daily gain. Animals were genotyped using 50 K SNPChip panel. Quality control of the genotype data consisted in removing SNPs with a call rate less than 95 %, SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) less than 5 %, individual with more than 10 % missing genotypes, and SNPs that deviated strongly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 10−6). LD between all pairs were calculated with r2 by PLINK v1.07. Haplotype blocks were identified on base algorithm Gabriel et al. (2002) for all autosomes, using Haploview software (Barrett et al. 2005), based on estimates of D' for all pairwise combinations of SNPs within each chromosome. Following Gabriel et al. (2002), a pair of SNPs is defined to be in “strong LD” if the upper 95% confidence bound of D' is > 0.98 (consistent with no historical recombination) and the lower bound is > 0.7. Using the Haploview default values for blocks (Gabriel et al. 2002), a haplotype block is defined as a region over which 95 % of informative SNP pairs show “strong LD”. The PLINK was used to generate the matrix using the GLM algorithm. In this analysis, because of the previous selection history of the flock, it was important to identify and correct for population stratification. To evaluate whether estimates were overinflated, we used the genomic inflation factor λ using the PLINK software (Purcell et al., 2007). We also assessed their deviation from the expected distribution of no SNPs being associated with the trait of interest using a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot, which is commonly used to analyze population stratification in GWAS. We use SNPEVG tool to show the (Q-Q) plot. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust for multiple testing from the number of SNP loci detected. We declared a significant SNP at the genome-wide significance level if the raw P-value was, 0.05/N, here N is the number of SNP loci tested in the analyses. Therefore, for each trait, the threshold P-value for declaring genome-wide significance was (0.05)/40,879=1.2×10-6. The exact positions of the annotated genes were extracted from the latest sheep genome Oar_v4.0 assembly along with the NCBI annotation release 102 of the sheep genome. To investigate whether the
significant SNPs detected in this study were within the range of previously identified QTL for relevant traits, we searched for meat or production QTL in the Animal QTLdb within a 1-Mb region on both sides of each significant haplotype. After quality control, 2 individuals were excluded, leaving 94 sheep for the association analysis. Additionally, we removed 1070 SNPs with call rates less than 95% and 7717 SNPs with MAF less than 0.05. A total of 40,879 SNPs passed these quality-control filters and were retained in the dataset. These SNPs were distributed across 26 autosomes, with the number of SNPs per chromosome ranging from 747 to 5694, and with a mean distance between adjacent SNPs ranging from 50.4 to 68.7 kb. Also, in this study, the extent of LD was 40 kb with r2=0.2. Overally, 1472 blocks were observed in the 7.58% of all SNPs were classified into haplotype blocks, covering 1.45% of the total autosomal genome size. The results showed a reduction in LD level with the increase in distance between markers. The average pre-weaning daily gain was 0.197±0.04 kg with an individual sheep range of 0.08-0.34 kg. Average post-weaning daily gain was 0.126±0.07 kg with an individual sheep range of 0.03-0.41 kg. The result from genomic control showed weak population stratification for AGW and PGW in between population of Zandi sheep. The genomic inflation factors (λgc) for the two traits were equal to 1.039 and 1.073, for AGW and PGW, respectively. However, as the Q-Q plots clearly show, there is no evidence of any systematic bias (λgc˂1.1) due to population structure or analytical approach in our case. Considering the significant fixed effects in the genomic wide association analysis, four haplotypes on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 7 identified to affect significantly AGW and PWG traits. The results of this study could provide a suite of novel SNP markers and candidate genes associated with growth traits and hence, may play an important role for understanding the biology of average daily gain in sheep.

Identifying of genes with large effects on economically important traits, has been one of the important goals in sheep breeding. Over the last decade, by the advent of genome-wide panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), it has become possible to identify and localize QTLs for complex traits in many livestock species. One important obstacle in association studies is the confounding effect of population structure. Because this effect generally increases in proportion to population size, population structure remains a major concern in association analyses. To date, 98 QTLs for wool traits have been reported via genome scan based on marker-QTL linkage analyses (http://cn.animalgenome.org/cgi-bin/QTLdb/OA/index, 27 Aug, 2017). Compared with traditional QTL mapping strategies, a GWAS has major advantages both in its power to detect causal variants with modest effects and in defining narrower genomic regions harboring causal variants for economically important traits. In this study, we assessed population stratification and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of wool quality traits in Zandi sheep. Material and

A total of 96 Iranian Zandi sheep was used in the study. The following four traits were analyzed: staple length (SL), mean fiber diameter (MFD), fiber diameter coefficient of variation (FDCV), and the proportion of fiber that was equal or more than 30 µm (F≥30). Animals were genotyped using 50 K SNPChip panel. Quality control of the genotype data consisted in removing SNPs with a call rate less than 95 %, SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) less than 5 %, SNPs with more than x % missing genotypes, and SNPs that deviated strongly from Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium (P < 10−6). The PLINK was used to generate the matrix using the GLM algorithm. In this study, although the resources of this breed were very clear, we still examined the distribution of the test statistics obtained from the numerous association tests. We also assessed their deviation from the expected distribution of no SNPs being associated with the trait of interest using a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot, which is commonly used to analyze population stratification in GWAS. We use SNPEVG tool to show the (Q-Q) plot. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust for multiple testing from the number of SNP loci detected. We declared a significant SNP at the genomewide significance level if the raw P-value was0.05/N, here N is the number of SNP loci tested in the analysis. The exact positions of the annotated genes were extracted from the latest sheep genome Oar_v4.0 assembly along with the NCBI annotation release 102 of the sheep genome. To investigate if the significant SNPs detected in this study were within the range of previously identified QTL for relevant traits, we searched for meat or production QTL in the Animal QTLdb within a 1-Mb region on both sides of each significant haplotype.

After quality control, 2 individuals were excluded, leaving 94 sheep for the association analysis. Additionally, we removed 1070 SNPs with call rates less than 95% and 7717 SNPs with MAF less than 0.05. A total of 40,879 SNPs passed these quality-control filters and were retained in the dataset. These SNPs were distributed across 26 autosomes, with the number of SNPs per chromosome ranging from 747 to 5694, and with a mean distance between adjacent SNPs ranging from 50.4 to 68.7 kb. Wool MFD was 29.85±0.03 µm with an individual sheep range of 22.4-39.04 µm. The overall coefficient of variation of fiber diameter was 43.12%±0.7% with an individual sheep range of 19.7%–68.0%. The average percentages of fiber that had equal or more than 30 µm were 27.04±0.03% with an individual sheep range of 12.04-43.10%. Average wool staple length was 11.25±0.03 cm with an individual sheep range of 6-19 cm. The result from genomic control showed weak population stratification for SL, MDF, FDCV and F≥30 between populations of Zandi sheep. The genomic inflation factors (λgc) for the four traits were equal to 1.127, 1.101, 1.059, and 1.009 for MDF, FDCV, FD≥30 and SL, respectively. However, the Q-Q plots clearly showed there was no evidence of any systematic bias due to population structure or analytical approach in our case. Overally, two significant SNPs at the genome-wise level were identified for FD, and FDCV. No significant SNPs was identified for SLor FD≥30. Two Haplotype region within ERBB2 and GNAS genes previously reported in human growth and development hair and skin. Haplotypes were located with previously QTL reported to affect fiber diameter and fiber diameter coefficient of variation in Merino and INRA401 breed sheep. The functions of all of the above genes are directly or indirectly related to skin and hair development. Hair follicles are skin appendages and produce hair; therefore, we hypothesize that these genes control hair follicle development and fiber diameter trait.

The results of this study could provide a suite of novel SNP markers and candidate genes associated with wool traits and hence, may play an important role in understanding the biology of wool traits in fat-tailed sheep.

Systems having degrees of freedom more than the number of control inputs, are called under-actuated systems. Due to small size of actuators, their cost and energy utilization are decreased and they can be implemented in a more simple way. Inverted pendulum system which is an unstable, nonlinear, non-minimum phase and uncertain system, is one of the most applicable and fundamental cases of under-actuated systems. In this paper, an inverted pendulum is modelled as a two degrees of freedom model. Then, a linear multivariable feedback controller is designed to stabilize the experimental set-up. The experimental inverted pendulum is constituted of two links; while one actuator is installed on the first link joint. According to the simulation results, a DC servo motor with specifications of 12 v and 1.2 W nominal power, is selected as the actuator. Experimental results show that the designed controller can appropriately control and stabilize the experimental system around its unstable up-equilibrium point up to6o.

7075 aluminum alloys are widely used in industry, due to their properties such as specific strength and good fatigue resistance. The nitride multilayer coating, which applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) process have shown good improvement in abrasive resistance, but their columnar structure led to decreasing corrosion resistance behaviors. In this paper, multilayer coatings of Ti/TiN with 6 layers applied on Al 7075 as a substrate by high vacuum magnetron sputtering. Then GIXRD, FESEM and AFM were used to assessed phase behavior, structure and morphology of the coating, respectively. As well as the corrosion behavior of coating was investigated by using electrochemical impedance in simulated body fluid such as Ringer’s solution at 37 ºC. The results show production of homogeneity and uniformity multilayer coating, with cutting the column structure of titanium nitride, which increasing the charge transfer resistance by 56 times compared with Al 7075 and also no pitting was seen at the coated samples after 72 hours of immersion, with enhancing of corrosion resistance by 284 % compare to 48 h of immersion.

Evapotranspiration is the most important part of the hydrological cycle, which playsa key role in water resource management, crop yield simulation, and irrigationscheduling. Therefore, developing a cost-effective and precise model is essential forestimating hourly grass crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo). In this study thepotential of the fuzzy inference system (FIS) is investigated as a simple technique formodeling hourly ETo obtained using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith and ASCEequations. Then, combinations of efficient hourly climatic data namely temperature,wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation were used as inputs to the fuzzymodel. Four fuzzy models were developed based on different combinations of inputs.Common statistics such as Mean square error, average absolute relative error anddetermination coefficient and two more statistics of Jacovides (t) and R2/t are used ascomparison criteria for evaluation of the model performance. Here, Training andtesting fuzzy models were done with Fariman meteorological data – an arid region inthe northeast of Iran. The fuzzy model whose inputs are solar radiation, airtemperature, relative humidity and wind speed, yield the highest correlation andcompatibility to reference models of FAO-56 PM and ASCE, based on commonstatistics. Whereas, the fuzzy model whose inputs are solar radiation, air temperatureand relative humidity, are selected as the best model based on combination ofcommon and additional statistics. The fuzzy model with two inputs namely solarradiation and relative humidity has acceptable results, too. The results show that solarradiation is the most effective parameter on hourly reference evapotranspiration andtemperature, relative humidity and wind speed were other effective parameters,respectively. These results for training and testing phase are alike. It was found thatthe developed fuzzy models could be successfully employed in estimating the hourlyETo with a limited weather data.