hamzeh akbari

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on subjective pain and guilt in individuals with a history of suicide attempts. 

Methods and Materials:

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all individuals with a history of suicide attempts referring to the Nikandish psychiatric clinic of Sari in 2020-21, among which 30 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into two experimental and control groups. Data were obtained using the Beck Depression Inventory (2001), Psychological Pain Assessment Questionnaire (2005), and Eysenck Guilt Questionnaire (2007). The experimental group received cognitive hypnotherapy in eight sessions of 90 minutes. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS-21 software.

The results showed that cognitive hypnotherapy treatment was effective in reducing subjective pain (F=19.65, P<0.001) and guilt (F=10.80, P<0.001) in individuals with a history of suicide attempts.

It can be concluded that cognitive hypnotherapy treatment is effective in reducing mental pain and guilt in people with a history of suicide attempts, and this treatment can be used to reduce psychological problems in people with a history of suicide.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex disorder that is associated with significant incidence, mortality, and public health costs. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on self-compassion and coherent self-knowledge in people with BPD.

This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all people with BPD who were referred to the Nikandish Psychiatric Clinic in Sari City, Iran, in 2021-2022. Among them, 24 patients with inclusion criteria and high scores in the assessment of BPD were selected as the sample group and randomly assigned to two experimental (12 people) and control (12 people) groups. Data were obtained using structured clinical interviews for the diagnosis of pivotal disorders, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPSS software.

DBT was effective in increasing self-compassion (F = 14.93, P < 0.001) and coherent self-knowledge (F = 41.16, P < 0.001). Moreover, the results showed that self-compassion and coherent self-knowledge in the follow-up stage in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group.

It can be concluded that DBT is effective in self-compassion and coherent self-knowledge in people with BPD.

Domestic violence and marital infidelity are among the events that, while affecting the relationship of couples in a negatively way, can cause the breakup of the family and the separation of couples from each other. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between emotional deprivation and alexithymia with domestic violence and marital infidelity, but so far, there has been no research that investigates the tendency to domestic violence based on emotional deprivation with the mediation of alexithymia in women affected by marital infidelity.

The purpose of this research was to design a model of the tendency to domestic violence based on emotional deprivation with the mediation of alexithymia in women affected by marital infidelity.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation, which was done with path analysis method. The statistical population of the present study included all women involved in the issue of marital infidelity of their husbands who had referred to the counseling centers of District 5 of Tehran in 2023. The data collection tools included four questionnaires: The Infidelity Questionnaire (Yeniceri & Kökdemir, 2006), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994), Domestic Violence Questionnaire (Mohseni Tabrizi et al., 2013) and Emotional deprivation questionnaire (Young, 1998). Also, SPSS software version 26 and Smart PLS software version 3 were used to analyze the research data.

The results showed that there is a direct relationship between emotional deprivation and domestic violence in women affected by marital infidelity (P< 0.05). There is an indirect relationship between emotional deprivation and domestic violence in women affected by marital infidelity due to alexithymia (P< 0.05). The model of tendency to domestic violence based on emotional deprivation with the mediation of alexithymia has a good fit.

According to the obtained findings, it is suggested that couple therapists use the necessary strategies to reduce the effects of emotional deprivation and adjust alexithymia to prevent domestic violence and subsequent marital infidelity.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on emotional regulation and quality of life of mothers with slow pace children.

The statistical population included all mothers with slow-paced children in Gorgan in the academic year 1402-1403, from which 30 were selected using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness training based on the Kabat-Zinn (1990) approach in 12 sessions 90-minute group, and the control group received no intervention. The research tools included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1996) and the Garnevski et al Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that mindfulness training increased emotional regulation and quality of life in mothers with slow pace children(P<0/01).

Based on the findings of the present study, interventions based on this approach can be useful in increasing emotional regulation and quality of life for these women.

 This study aimed to compare some types of behavioral and family therapy on children suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

 The population in this research consisted of all students in a primary school located in Karaj City, Iran, in 2019. Forty (10 for each group) students and their mothers participated. Available samples were randomly selected for each group. A semi-structured diagnostic interview [Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) ], the short diagnostic scale for hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder, and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children were used to obtain information. Barkley behavioral therapy (9 sessions of 90 minutes), Minuchin structural family therapy (8 sessions of 90 minutes), and neurofeedback (25 sessions of 30 minutes) were performed on the experimental groups. There were no therapies in the control group. SPSS software along with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and dependent t-test were performed for data analysis.

 All three treatment methods had a significant role in anxiety (P > 0.05). Post-hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference between therapies on the anxiety of the experiment and control groups (P > 0.05). Three-month follow-up showed the resistance to therapies (P < 0.05).

 Behavioral and family therapy had a prominent and positive role in the reduction of anxiety among children suffering from ADHD.

Divorce is an undesirable social phenomenon and a complex and stressful event for the people involved. The negative consequences of divorce affect both couples, but according to research, women are more vulnerable than men. Among the problems after divorce, economic issues, feelings of anxiety and depression, and reduction in quality of life have been the most significant problems of people, especially women. Therefore, divorce is associated with a wide range of adverse psychological consequences. Expression of emotions plays a crucial role in externalizing negative emotions caused by divorce and helps a person manage the experience of negative emotions. Also, rumination of anger is one of the strong predictors in reducing the mental health of divorced women. Therefore, it is essential to use psychological interventions that help release the emotions of divorced women. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on emotional self–disclosure and anger rumination of divorced women living in Mashhad City, Iran.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest and a 3–month follow–up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all divorced women referred to psychological counseling and service centers in 2019 in districts 1, 2, and 3 of Mashhad City. Among them, 24 qualified volunteer divorced women were included in the study using the available sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (12 women in each group). The inclusion criteria were as follows: personal satisfaction to participate in the research, the first experience of divorce, the age range of 25 to 40 years, having at least a diploma education, lacking a serious emotional relationship at the time of conducting the research with the help of the psychologist's diagnosis, and at least three years have passed since the divorce process. The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of more than two sessions during training, entering into a new emotional relationship, and remarriage. The experimental group underwent group therapy in 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Emotional Self–Disclosure Scale (Snell et al., 1988) and the Anger Rumination Scale (Sukhodolsky et al., 2001). Next, the data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures and an LSD post hoc test using SPSS statistical software version 26. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the time effect and group effects and the interaction effect of time and group on the variables of anger rumination and emotional self–disclosure were significant (p<0.001). Also, in the variables of anger rumination and emotional self–disclosure in the narrative therapy group, the difference between the average scores of the pretest with posttest and follow–up was significant (p<0.001). In the narrative therapy group, a significant difference was observed between the average scores of posttest and follow–up in the variables of anger rumination (p=0.002) and emotional self–disclosure (p=0.003), indicating the persistence of the effectiveness of the treatment during the 3–month follow–up period.

According to the results of the research, the use of non–pharmacological intervention of narrative therapy is effective in increasing emotional self–disclosure, reducing rumination of anger, and improving psychological problems in divorced women. Therefore, it is recommended to use a narrative therapy program in welfare and counseling centers for divorced women.

Considering the importance of observing research ethics in the research process and the importance of teaching it to graduate students, this study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating a professional research ethics curriculum model for graduate students of Iranian higher education centers.

This research was conducted in the framework of a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) and using conventional content analysis. The statistical population was in the qualitative and quantitative sections of all university professors in Golestan province. In the qualitative section, 14 faculty members were selected by purposive sampling method to reach the level of theoretical saturation. In the quantitative section, 181 people were randomly selected to test the model. The research tool was a structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The obtained data were analyzed in the qualitative part using maxqda software and in the quantitative part using pls software.

The findings of this study included 166 open source that similar data were combined through comparative analysis and finally 23 subcategories and 12 main categories were presented. The main categories (changing the structure of research, helping the globalization of science and technology, recognizing plagiarism) for necessity, (teaching ethical considerations, improving indicators, information literacy, collaborating with medical sciences) for the target element, (scientific principles, requirements Research ethics (for content) (interactive and non-interactive methods) for the element of teaching-learning methods and (formative and final evaluation) for the element of evaluation were extracted.

The model extracted from qualitative data has a good fit with the quantitative data collected from the participants in this study. Therefore, monitoring research activities and getting help from the field of medical sciences to design a student curriculum model can have the greatest effect on observing research ethics.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and imagery receipting and reprocessing therapy (IRRT) in the form of group therapy on symptoms of traumatic memories in divorced women. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included divorced women who referred to private counseling centers and welfare centers in Mashhad city in 2020. From this society, 36 divorced women were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to 3 groups (12 people in each group). The subjects of one of the groups underwent a narrative therapy group for 8 sessions, the other group underwent a imagery receipting and reprocessing therapy group for 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) by Horowitz and et al. (1979) was used to collect research data. The obtained data were analyzed repeated measurement variance analysis. The results showed that both research interventions had a significant and stable effect on all three subscales of traumatic memories syndrome (avoidance, unwanted thoughts, hyperarousal) (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions (P>0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be said that psychologists and counselors in the field of divorce, according to their approach and theory, should use narrative therapy and imagery receipting and reprocessing therapy to improve symptoms of traumatic memories of divorced women.

 Surveys conducted in the past two decades in Iran indicate an increase in suicide and attempted suicide rates. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on subjective pain and guilt in individuals with a history of suicide attempts.

Methods and Materials:

 This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all individuals with a history of suicide attempts who visited the Nikandish psychiatric clinic in Sari during 2020-2021. A total of 30 patients were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data collection instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 2001), Psychological Pain Assessment Questionnaire (Holden, Mehta, Cunningham, & McLeod, 2001), and Eysenck Guilt Questionnaire (Eysenck & Wilson, 1975). The experimental group underwent cognitive hypnotherapy in eight 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA via SPSS-21 software.

 The findings revealed that cognitive hypnotherapy significantly reduced subjective pain (F=19.65, p<.001) and guilt (F=10.80, p<.001) in individuals with a history of suicide attempts.

 Cognitive hypnotherapy is effective in alleviating mental pain and guilt among individuals with a history of suicide attempts. This therapeutic approach may be utilized to mitigate psychological issues in this population.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of personality functions in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and existential anxiety in individuals with depression and anxiety.

The research was cross-sectional, and the analysis was conducted using correlation methods, specifically structural equation modeling (SEM), and in particular, regression equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals referring to psychological counseling clinics in Mazandaran province (Sari and Babol) during the summer and autumn 2022. To determine the sample size, considering the number of observed variables and allocating a coefficient of 15 for each observed variable, 600 individuals were selected as the sample size, which were chosen through purposive sampling. For data collection, the Young Schema Questionnaire (2005), the Good and Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (1974), and the Costa and McCrae Personality Functioning Questionnaire (1992) were used. SPSS-22 and AMOS-23 software were utilized for data analysis, employing structural equation regression modeling.

The results of the research indicated that there is a direct relationship between early maladaptive schema and existential anxiety. Additionally, there is an indirect relationship between early maladaptive schema and existential anxiety, mediated by personality functions.

Given the findings of the current study, it seems that the psychological organization, along with health and treatment organizations as influential institutions, can provide the necessary conditions for increasing cognitive awareness of early maladaptive schemas and improving coping skills with them.

Today, the survival of women with breast cancer after diagnosis has increased, but for this category of patients, not only survival is important, but adherence to treatment after the occurrence and diagnosis of the disease and increased concern about the quality of life are also important. The effectiveness of various psychological treatments on adherence to treatment and quality of life of these patients has been investigated, but there is a gap in research regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy on the studied variables.

The purpose of this research was to compare of the effecacy of compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy on adherence to treatment and quality of life in women with breast cancer.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. 45 women with breast cancer in Gorgan during the years 2021 and 2022 were placed in three groups of compassion-based therapy, behavioral activation therapy and control group by simple random sampling method. To collect data, were used for Medication Adherence Scale (Morisky et al., 2008) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for cancer patients (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer). participants in the experimental groups underwent the interventions of compassion-based therapy (Gilbert, 2006) and behavioral activation therapy (Dimidchian et al. et al., 2008) were included in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Also, the data were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis and LSD follow-up test with the help of SPSS19 software.

The findings of the research showed that both compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy were effective on the adherence to treatment and quality of life of women with breast cancer (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that behavioral activation therapy was more effective than compassion-based therapy, and this significant level was stable in the follow-up phase (p<0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that interventions based on compassion and behavioral activation can improve the quality of life of this group of patients, while increasing adherence to treatment in women with breast cancer. The findings of this study can help doctors, psychologists and policy makers in the field of health and mental health.

Self-care behaviors are the most common behavioral response in attempts to prevent corona stress in patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training and behavioral activation therapy on self-care and corona stress in patients with diabetes mellitus.

This was a semi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all the diabetic patients referring to the Vanoshe Diabetes Clinic in Qaemshahr city, Iran in 2020-2021, from among whom 45 patients were selected by accessible sampling technic based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into three 15-member groups, namely,  positive thinking skills training, behavioral activation therapy and a control group. The first and second experimental groups received positive thinking skills training in six 60-minute virtual sessions and behavioral activation therapy training in eight 70-minute virtual sessions, respectively, and the control group was in the waiting list. Data were collected using the Corona Stress Scale "CSS-18" and the Summery of Diabetes Self-Care Activities "SDSCA" and analyzed using the repeated measures of variance analysis and the Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS-22.

The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the two experimental groups and the control group. Both the positive thinking skills training and behavioral activation therapy interventions reduced corona stress (F= 15.73) and increased self-care (F= 16.17) in the patients, and the effects of the interventions in the follow-up phase were found to be continuing (p <0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that positive thinking skills raining was more effective than behavioral activation therapy on corona stress reduction (IJ= 9.02), while as regards self-care the behavioral activation therapy (IJ= 12.93) was more effective (p <0.05).

Based on the findings it can be concluded that positive thinking skills training and behavioral activation therapy interventions can be effective in improving self-care and corona stress reduction among diabetic patients. It is recommended that therapists and counselors use, in addition to other treatment methods, these therapies to improve the self-care and corona stress reduction in diabetic patients.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and has many psychological complications. this study aims to compare the effects of cognitive hypnotherapy (CH) and spiritual therapy (ST) on the death anxiety of women with breast cancer. 

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The statistical population consists of all women with breast cancer referred to Mirdamad clinic in Gorgan, Iran. Of these, 30 patients were selected by a convenience sampling method and were divided into two experimental groups (CT and ST with 20 people) and one control group (n=10). The two experimental groups received interventions separately, while the control group received no intervention. All groups were measured for death anxiety before and after the intervention. The instrument was the Collett-Lester fear of death scale.

The ANCOVA results showed that, although CH and ST had a significant positive effect on reducing death anxiety, there was no significant difference between the two methods.

Both CH and ST are effective in reducing fear of one’ own death, fear of the process of one’s own dying, fear of the death of others, and fear of the process of others dying in women with breast cancer, and there is no significant difference between the two methods.

One of the most common types of cancer in the world is breast cancer in women, which has many negative effects on the physical and mental condition of women. Psychological interventions have been the focus of some studies due to the psychological nature of breast cancer. It seems that it is necessary to pay more attention to psychological interventions to reduce the psychological problems of women with breast cancer.

The purpose of this research was to compare of the effecacy of compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy on perceived stress and self-efficacy in women with breast cancer.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. 45 women with breast cancer in Gorgan during 2021-2022 were placed in three groups of compassion-based treatment, behavioral activation treatment and control group by simple random sampling method. Perceived stress (Cohen et al., 1983) and self-efficacy (Sherer et al., 1982) questionnaires were used to collect data, and the participants in the experimental groups underwent the interventions of compassion-based therapy (Gilbert, 2006) and behavioral activation therapy (Dimidchian et al. et al., 2006) were included in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Also, the data were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis with the help of Spss19 software.

The findings of the research showed that both compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy were effective on the perceived stress and self-efficacy of women with breast cancer (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that behavioral activation therapy was more effective than compassion-based therapy, and this significant level was stable in the follow-up phase.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that interventions based on compassion and behavioral activation therapy were highly effective inimproving self-efficacy, and reducing perceived stress. Therefore, the results of this study can help therapists, psychologists and policymakers in the field of health and mental health.

The present study aims to compare the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on death anxiety of women with breast cancer.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population includs all women suffering from breast cancer covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Gorgan, Iran in 2021. Of these, 30 were selected and randomly divided into two intervention groups of CBT and ISTDP and one control group. Ghorbani’s death anxiety scale in Persian was used to measure death anxiety before and after the interventions. The intervention groups received the interventions at 11 sessions each for 90 minutes, while the control group put on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed by the analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 26 software.

 Both CBT and ISTDP were effective in reducing the death anxiety of patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between them (P>0.05).

CBT and ISTDP can reduce the death anxiety of women with breast cancer. There is no significant diffrence between them.

Objective :

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and has many psychological complications. This study aims to compare the effects of cognitive hypnotherapy (CT) and spiritual therapy (ST) on death anxiety in women with breast cancer. 

Methods :

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women with breast cancer referred to Mirdamad medical center in Gorgan, Iran. Of these, 30 patients were selected by a convenience sampling method and were divided into two experimental groups of CT (n=10), ST (n=10) and one control group (n=10). The groups were evaluated for death anxiety before and after the interventions. The used instrument was Collet-Lester fear of death scale.

Results:

 The results showed that both CH and ST had a significant positive effect on death anxiety of patients, and there was no significant difference between them.

Conclusion :

Both CH and ST are effective in reducing fear of own death, fear of the process of own dying, fear of the death of others, and fear of the process of others dying in women with breast cancer. There is no significant difference between them.

Cancer is impressive on different aspects of life,  including mental health. The present research aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy  (CBT) and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on self-compassion in cancer patients.

An experimental study with pre-test/post-test and with control group was designed. Among women with cancer in Gorgan city in 2020, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and one control groups). Neff's self-compassion scale was used in the pre-test and post-test to collect data. The intervention of ISTDP and CBT was conducted in 11 sessions of 90 minutes over two month. The control group remained on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed by covariance statistical analysis.

According to the findings ISTDP and CBT have a significant effect on self-compassion in cancer patient (p<0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness between ISTDP and CBT

Based on the results, ISTDP and CBT increase the self-compassion in cancer patients. Nevertheless, there is not significant diffrence between the effectiveness of these two treatments.

the main purpose of this study was examining the effectiveness of attributional retraining on academic optimism of the sixth elementary students.

Methods and Materials: 

The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and Follow - up stage. The statistical population consisted of all female sixth grade elementary - school students of hamedan city who were enrolled in academic year of 98-99. Among them, 30 sixth grade elementary students were selected using sampling available method to train attributional retraining. They emplaced in two 15 students experimental and witness groups. In order to measure the academic optimism students answered to Scheier & Carver’s Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) (1994) as pre - test and Test for pre-test, post-test and follow up stage. Then, the experimental group received 11, 90-min sessions of attributional retraining while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results of the analysis showed that the attributional retraining statistically, significantly improved the academic optimism of the sixth elementary students. (p < .01).

According to the results, the attributional retraining could be as an efficient method in increasing academic optimism.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of marital relationship enrichment training on emotional literacy, couple compatibility, marital burnout and distress tolerance in couples referring to Gonbad clinics.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this research is all the couples who referred to Gonbad city clinics in 2019-1400. Available sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample size was considered equal to 32 people, and the subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (16 people) and the control group (16 people). In this plan, Johnson's (1997) emotion-oriented couple therapy training was held in eight sessions for 90 minutes. The research tools were Emotional Literacy Questionnaire, Iranian Kimiai Family Psychological Functions Scale (2008), Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale (DAS) (1976), Pines Marital Discomfort Scale (1996) and Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005). To analyze the results, repeated measure variance analysis was used.

The results showed the effectiveness of marital relationship enrichment training on emotional literacy (F=51.34, P=0.001), couples' compatibility (F=46.03, P=0.001), marital boredom (07/07) F=48, P=0.001) and distress tolerance F=032.86, P=0.001) were effective and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase.

Therefore, this intervention can be used as a part of therapeutic interventions effectively in marital adjustment and reducing boredom and increasing distress tolerance of conflicted couples.

Marital adjustment is one of the most important factors in determining the stability and permanence of the marital relationship and can leads to feelings of happiness, satisfaction and satisfaction of needs that are mutually met. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social support on marital adjustment in hospital staff with the mediating role of self-control and resilience.

The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included the staff of Samen Al-Aimeh Hospital in Mashhad with a total of 380 people in 2020, from which a sample of 257 married male and female staff were purposefully selected. Data were collected using questionnaires of social support, marital adjustment, resistance, and self-control. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and Pearson correlation (structural equation type).

There was a significant relationship between self-control as a mediating variable and marital adjustment with value (B = 0.700, P <0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between resilience as a mediating variable and marital adjustment with the amount (B = -0.643, P <0.001). A total of 0.93 variance related to marital adjustment was explained by the variables of social support, resilience and self-control.

The results showed that social support has a positive effect on marital adjustment. It is recommended that in order to improve the marital adjustment of couples, workshops should be held on how to perform and receive social support and promote psychological flexibility in social organizations and institutions.

Marital conflicts are a precursor to the separation of couples and can range from obvious differences in the views of man and woman to serious differences in goals, values and aspirations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship betwee n social responsibility and marital conflicts in couples with the mediating role of optimism and self - regulatory.

The present study was a descriptive - survey and correlational study. The statistical population included couples who referred to Baha r Andisheh Clinic in Mashhad in 2020 - 2021 and 300 people were selected by convenience sampling. Responsibility, marital conflicts, self - regulation and optimism questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software and Pearson correlation test (structural equation).

The results revealed that 68% of the variance related to marital conflicts was explained by the social responsibility, optimism, and self - regulation. Responsibility showed a direct and significant relationsh ip with optimism and self - regulation (r= 0.597 and 0.736, respectively and P < 0.001), and had a negative and significant relationship with marital conflicts (P - value < 0.001).

Based on the results, the sense of social responsibility reduces ma rital conflicts and with increasing optimism and self - regulation, couple's conflicts decrease. It is suggested that educational interventions be held to strengthen and improve the level of responsibility, optimism and self - regulation in order to reduce mar ital conflicts.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on mental well-being (emotional, psychological and social) of mothers with autistic children. This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental and control groups. Research population was mothers with autistic children of Gorgan township in 2017 year. From the members of the community were selected 30 people by available sampling method and randomly with lottery divided into two equal groups. The experimental group 10 sessions of 90 minutes trained by schema therapy. Data collected with the questionnaires of mental well-being (Keyes & Magyar-Moe, 2003). Data analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms variables of emotional, psychological and social well-being. In the other words, schema therapy significantly led to increase the emotional, psychological and social well-being of mothers with autistic children .

Having child with autism imposes a lot of psychological pressure on the family, especially mothers and has a negative effect on their psychological properties. As a result, this research aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological well-being and spiritual attitude in mothers with autistic children. Present research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Research population was mothers with autistic children of Gorgan township in 2017 year. From the members of the community selected 30 people by available sampling method and randomly with lottery divided into two equal group including experimental and control groups. The experimental group 8 sessions of 90 minutes trained by acceptance and commitment method. Research tools were questionnaires of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989) and spiritual attitude (Shahidi & Farajnia, 2012). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method with using SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that the experimental and control groups had a significant difference in the two variables of psychological well-being and spiritual attitude. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy significantly increased the psychological well-being (F=57.22, P<0.001) and spiritual attitude (F=76.55, P<0.001) in mothers with autistic children. The results indicated the importance and effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on improving the psychological well-being and spiritual attitude in mothers with autistic children. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use the acceptance and commitment therapy method to increase the psychological well-being and spiritual attitude.

Self-efficacy as a predictor of personality traits can be effective factor to educational positions such as academic burnout. Today, given the popularity of Internet, its overuse is drew everyone's attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic burnout with internet addiction in medical and dentistry students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences
In a cross-sectional study, 250 doctoral students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences through Krejcie and Morgan sample size table were selected. The instruments were Maslach academic burnout scale, Scherer self-efficacy scale, and Young internet addiction scale. We analyzed the data by SPSS 17 using via descriptive statistics along with Spearman rank correlation coefficient, independent samples t test, and ANOVA.
Findings: There was significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and academic burnout(r=0.201¡p=0.01), and between self-efficacy and academic burnout in boys (r = 0.359, p In accordance with the relationship between self-efficacy and academic burnout, we recommend strengthening self-efficacy to have better academic outcomes.

Many years there were several concerns regarding intelligent blind students who have difficulties in reading Braille materials.Sometimes teachers of blind students believe that there are some Braille reading conditions. There are a few articles in this field. In this paper we review some of the main reasons and concepts a difficulties in Braille reading in intelligent blind students