kamali

Simulation of water movement in soil profile and recognition of the effect of irrigation systems on soil moisture dynamics is of great importance. For this purpose, one-dimensional LEACHW numerical model was used in selected agricultural areas of Mohammadshahr plain of Karaj. By describing 9 profiles the soil in 3 selected fields and gardens and taking into account the initial moisture conditions and monitoring their changes during the crop season or simulation period, the LEACHW model was implemented and the estimated moisture values of the model were measured with measured moisture values. The results were compared by means comparison test, sensitivity analysis of the model, and the model was again run on the basis of calibrated parameters and the amount of water lost and remaining in the soil profile during the growing season. At the output of the model, the amount of water lost and remaining in the soil profile was estimated. The results showed that modern irrigation systems were not effective in aquifer nutrition; therefore, one of the ways to increase water productivity is to reform traditional irrigation systems and move towards the development of new irrigation systems. Undoubtedly, the main task of developing new irrigation systems to ensure the country's food security is to optimize water use in the agricultural sector as the main consumer of water resources in the country.

Growth and survival of Polychaete, Nereis diversicolor fed on waste water of great sturgeon, Huso huso at different densities were studied. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of feeding of N. diversicolor with waste water derived from different densities of great sturgeon culture as well as to find a balance between fish density and growth of the worm. The worms (0.2-0.3 kg m-2) with an initial mean weight of 0.05 g were fed for 55 days with waste water of great sturgeon at densities of 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 kg m-2 fish. A group of worms fed with fish feed was considered as the control. The obtained results showed that the biomass and average weight of the harvested worms were significantly higher at the density of 3-4 kg m-2 fish than in the other two treatments (p<0.05). Also, worms fed with fish feed (control group) showed higher survival rate and biomass production than the treatments. Some fatty acids were abundant in worms from the treatments, specifically 14:0, 16:0, C18:1n9c, 20:1, 22:1n-9, 18:3n-3, 20:2, 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA), but were significantly lower than the control worms. The results demonstrate that production of N. diversicolor using fish waste water was highly efficient and can offer a sustainable solution to remove organic load in the aquaculture waste waters. Also, production of N. diversicolor via this method as an alternative source of fatty acids and protein for H. huso production could achieve multiple aims such as retention of valuable lipids from the H. huso waste water.

Protected areas and national parks are considered as safe habitats for many plant and animal species. These areas in the country have a special place to preserve the genetic diversity of living organisms. Salook region in North Khorasan province with about 17000 hectares is one of the most diverse plant and animal treasures in northeast of Iran. In addition, this area is one of the Four Hotspot Areas under the authority of Iranian Environment Organization. In this area, 496 plant species, belonging to 296 genera and 71 families, and more than 100 animal species have been identified. Artemisia</em> is the dominant plant of the area in two forms: Artemisia sieberi </em>in lowlands and A. aucheri</em> in mountainous areas. The Salook area is the most important deer habitat in North Khorasan province as 70% of the province's deer population live in the area. In recent years, the region's unique biodiversity has been threatened by natural and human degradation; therefore, proper management is recommended to reduce the damage to the area to some extent.

Based on the obvious relationship between geoforms and soils, pedodiversity was investigated in this study through the Spatial Distribution Patterns (SDPs) of LandForms (LFs) using quantitative analysis of the irregular geometry of LFs in Zayandeh-Rud Valley. The main objectives of this research were to: (1) Assess the applicability of fractal and modified fractal dimensions in quantifying the irregular geometry of LFs in the study area and (2) Specify the relationship between the irregular geometry of LFs and the pedodiversity in the region. LF units were delineated using aerial photographs at a scale of 1:55,000; and the geoform classification system was defined according to Zinck. After fieldwork and soil sampling, Soil Taxonomy was used for soil classification at the family level and determination of the geomorphic map units. The fractal Dimension (D) and modified fractal Dimension (Dm), as geometric indicators, and richness (S), Shannon diversity index (H′), maximum diversity (H′max), and Evenness (E), as pedodiversity measures, were determined for LFs. Results showed that D and Dm were appropriate indicators of geometric irregularity, with their high values corresponding to fluvial surfaces with intensive dissection and deposition processes, and their low values corresponding to the smoother and more stable landforms. Comparison of the pedodiversity indices with the geometric measures in the landscapes showed that Dm was a suitable alternative to D in presenting structure of landscapes with high D and Dm values relatively coinciding with high amounts of richness in the study area. In addition, Dm was more closely related to the diversity indices than D was to the discernment of the pedodiversity of LFs.

Nowadays, the centrifugal pumps are one of the essential components of various industries. So improving their efficiency is so important. In this paper, the effective parameters in flow losses and increasing the efficiency of a centrifugal pump impeller have been investigated by numerical solution of three-dimensional turbulent flow of water fluid in a steady-state, incompressible and noslip condition on the walls and the surfaces of the vanes using ANSYS 16.0 software. Optimizing these parameters has led to increasing the pump efficiency. For this purpose, the parameters such as the number of the impeller vanes, inlet and outlet angles and leading and trailing edge thicknesses, have been studied. To validate the numerical solution, the provided results are compared with the pump characteristic curves of Manufacturer Company. With the change in the pump impeller design, the efficiency of the pump has been increased to 48 percent.

Health-promoting behaviors have a major role in healthcare. The present study was conducted to assess health-promoting behaviors and its related factors in Iranian female household heads based on Pender's model.

The present cross-sectional study recruited 106 female household heads selected according to census sampling from Gonabad Health Centers, eastern Iran, from January to August in 2015. Data were collected using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) and a researcher-made cognitive and emotional factors questionnaire based on Pender's model. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16, using descriptive and analytical tests, including ANOVA and independent student t-test.

Participants' statistical mean age was 40.16±7.21 years, and most of them (61 women, 57.5%) were widowed and the rest were divorced. The statistical mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 123.16±20.42, in moderate level, and showed significant relationships with cognitive and emotional factors of self-efficacy, barriers, and interpersonal relationships (p<0.05). Among health-promoting behaviors, spiritual growth had the highest Statistical mean score (24.91±5.3), and physical activity (12.83±3.5) and stress management (17.83±3.9) the lowest mean score.

Health-promoting behaviors in Iranian female household heads need improvement. The results can be used by these women and the healthcare system to identify related factors and develop interventions for modifying health-promoting lifestyles.

In this paper, we introduce the notion FI-e-lifting modules which is a proper generalization of lifting (e-lifting) modules.Then we give some characterizations and properties of e-lifting and FI-e-lifting modules. We provide a decomposition of any e-lifting modules. It is shown that every finite direct sum of FI-e-lifting modules is FI-e-lifting

Sustainable management of natural resources is one of the main goals of land use planning and is quite complicated due to various interactions in any given ecosystem. Therefore soil as the bed for interactions of main ecosystem components can be a good indicator candidate as the main requirements of sustainable land use management. Soil classification is a valuable technique for transferring a large set of data along with soil history and is a necessary tool for zoning and soil management plans. This indicates efficiency and potential of classification for showing inner and outer soil properties and stimulating for achieving the best possible soil classification system. Among various existing soil classifications, the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) as an international soil classification system and USDA Soil Taxonomy (STus) are more globally accepted and applied. In both systems soil orders are similar and their classifications are based on acceptable rules. However each one of them has its own characteristics and reflects its potentials. Also the relationship between soil and landscape and the necessity of sustainable nature management convert soil classification to a tool which is essential for appropriate management decisions about utilization and conservation of natural resources. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Soil Taxonomy and WRB for classification of developed soils of Zayandeh-rud River’s upper terrace. This study applied on the current pathway of Zayandeh-rud River.  Several pedons were studied in a semi-detailed scale study. Finally, four different pedons were selected. Routine physical and chemical analyses Selected physicochemical properties of the soil samples were determined according to the Soil Survey Laboratory Manual and soils were classified according to Soil Taxonomy (2014) and WRB (2015) systems. Argillic (Argic), and Cambic diagnostic horizons were investigated after field and laboratory work. Based on both field and lab studies, for these soil pedons due to lithologic discontinuity, presence or absence of Cambic horizon and accumulated clay horizon, four different sequence of horizons are realizable. Calceric matrix of soil pedons is also another prominent property of them. Due to aridity condition of the region and presence of Argilic horizon based on STus, all soil pedons were classified in great group of Haplargids. According to WRB, all pedons considered as reference group of Luvisols. As the results show, the difference between these two systems of classification was originated at family level for STus and qualifiers for WRB. In fact the difference is due to environmental qualifiers and intrinsic soil profile propertie. STus is performing better than WRB indefining the environmental conditions. Such pattern reflects the climate conditions in any given soil name. Moisture regime (Aridic) at order level (Argids) and temperature conditions (Thermic) at family level have been realized for all soil pedons. However WRB not only at first level but also for second level of classification (qualifiers) was not able to indicate. On the other hand this study results showed that main qualifiers have enhanced WRB efficiency compared to STus and was also able to define the variety of horizon sequences. STus did not show such potential even at family level and all four soils were classified under one name.
Based on the findings of the research, using qualifiers and little laboratory data requirement by WRB caused this system to be more successful than Soil Taxonomy to describe internal attributes in the pedons. WRB was more flexible in reflecting described properties in soil nomenclature. But WRB was not able to reflect soil variability in this semi-detailed study, completely. Also results showed that Soil Taxonomy couldcharacterize environmental properties of soils using soil moisture and temperature regimes. On the other hand, the presence or absence of Cambic diagnostic horizon in the four pedons can indicate a difference in their evolutionary pathway, but the presence or absence of Cambic horizon has been disregard in the names of both systems. The efficiency of each system is vary according to the aims of soil survey, and both systems have advantages and disadvantages in relation to displaying the internal features and the soil environment. The WRB was more succeed than STUS in displaying variety of the characteristics of developed soils in this study, due to its advantages such as Clayic, Cutanic, Ochric, Ruptic, Endocalcaric and also requires less laboratory data. On the other hands, WRB is facing a serious challenge to management objectives related to climatic conditions and vegetation. Therefore, it can be concluded that purpose and scale of a study affects the efficiency of Soil Taxonomy and WRB classification systems to describe soil properties.

In the present study, the numerical analysis of blade tip geometry effect on the performance of a single-stage axial compressor has been the focus of attention. The studied geometries included a rotor with variable tip clearance. For the first model, the tip clearance increases as it moves toward the blade trailing edge. The tip clearance of the second model reduces as it approaches the trailing edge, whereas in the third model, the tip clearance remains constant. The results indicated that the tip clearance of the first sample, as the worst tip clearance case, creates a 10% reduction in the stall margin with respect to the third standard model, and the second sample tip clearance brings about a stall margin reduction of 4% efficiency with respect to the third standard model. Then, the effect of blade tip clearance geometry on outlet flow angle of the rotor was inspected. The results showed that in the first model, the outlet flow angle has the largest deviation than the third standard model and the second model performance places somewhere between the two other tip clearance geometries. Also evident from the result is that taking advantage of the variable blade tip clearance is not an appropriate method for improving compressor performance.

Dilution can best be defined as the proportion of waste tonnage to the total weight of ore and waste in each block. Predicting the internal dilution based on geological boundaries of waste and ore in each block can help engineers to develop more reliable long-term planning designs in mining activities. This paper presents a method to calculate the geological internal dilution in each block and to correct the ultimate grade of each geological block according to the internal dilution values that have already been calculated for each one of them. In this regard, the input data is first indexed based on the lithological logs of drill holes. The occurrence probabilities of ore and waste in each block are calculated via 100 realizations using the sequential indicator simulation. Dilution is computed as the ratio of waste rock tonnage to the total tonnage of ore and waste. Furthermore, joint simulation of the continuous variables is performed for each mining block using the minimum/maximum auto-correlation factors. In the next step, for each block, the final grade variables including iron and iron oxide are computed by considering the calculated internal dilution. These analyses are applied to the Gohar Zamin iron ore deposit, and the actual internal dilution calculated based on the lithological logs of blast holes is compared with the same values obtained based on the proposed method in each block. The results obtained were found to be satisfactory.

The protein concentrate of fish from minced carp meat was obtained during three stages of using the solvent (isopropanol), pressed and dried using a dry temperature (60°C), and this concentrate had 93% protein, which according to aquatic protein sources have a high nutritional value and are used to enrich other food products. Given that current pasta products are from carbohydrate sources and lacking in the lysine and threonine amino acids, this gives the opportunity to be used to enrich and enhance its nutritional quality. In this research, 5 and 15 percent of fish protein concentrates were used for enrichment of pasta and samples were prepared in three replicates and stored at ambient temperature for 3 months and tested for nutritional value and amino acids, with a control sample (no concentrate) were compared. According to the results of experiments, it was determined that in terms of nutritional value and amino acid profile, the treatment with fish protein concentrate was better and in the overall evaluation of concentrate-enriched treatment fish protein was 5% better than other samples and had a significant difference (p<0.05).

The present study was conducted to examine different dietary levels of iron (FeSO4) on some haematological parameters of ship sturgeon, Acipenser nudiventris including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBCs), differential WBCs, hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hb), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), immunoglobulin (IgM), ferritin, transferrin and plasma Fe2+. Four experimental treatments and one control group with three replicates were considered for the experiment. The experimental treatments were fish fed experimental diets containing different levels of FeSO4 i.e. 100, 200, 250, and 300 mg kg.diet-1. After 60 days, there were significant differences between experimental groups in terms of WBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, MCH and MCHC, MCV, total plasma protein, IgM, ferritin, transferrin and plasma Fe2+ (p<0.05). In the treatment fed 100 mg.iron kg.diet-1, more levels of IgM and total plasma protein were observed compared to other experimental groups (p<0.05). The highest values of neutrophils, monocytes and MCHC were found in control fish whereas MCV, MCH and eosinophils values were higher in the treatment fed 200 mg.iron kg.diet-1 (p<0.05). Also, more WBCs were observed in 250 mg.iron kg.diet-1 treatment than in other groups (p<0.05). The values of lymphocytes, RBC, Hct, Hb, ferritin, transferrin and plasma Fe2+ were higher in fish fed 300 mg.iron kg.diet-1 compared to other experimental groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that the supplementation of ship sturgeon diets with high levels of iron enhances the RBC, Hct, Hb, ferritin, transferrin and plasma iron.

 The prediction of post- operative bleeding is one of the main tasks of nurses in the intensive care unit. The researcher of the study found that there is not a valuable tool passing through the validation and Clinimetrics process.  The present study aimed to design and do the Clinimetrics of post-operative bleeding prediction tool (POPBT) in Intensive Care Unit.  This study is a methodological study of Clinical Metric Validation (Clinimetrics), performed on patients undergoing cardiac surgery in Valiasr Hospital, Naja during 2015-2016. Sampling in this study was non-random,, accessible and target oriented. The deductive-inductive approach was used to identify the essence of the structure. Considering the essence of the structure of the bleeding prediction, the designed tool was a kind of combined index. so the tool was designed in two steps based on Wright and Feinstein proposed model. In the first stage, the design of the primary version of the tool (index), and in the second phase of clinical validation (Clinimetrics), initial version of the tool (index) was designed in five steps. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS.16. It was investigated by the designed tools, its validation-seeking steps including face, content and structure validity and also its reliability were evaluated unanimously  Based on the results of CVI, CVR and Face validity of one item in the pre -operative dimension and 4 items during the operation were retained. Based on these results, the final tool was designed. The CVI of the questionnaire was 80.03. For determining the reliability of tools, 10 nurses in 5 dual groups were applied, kappa coefficient in 5 groups was 0.99, 0.95, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that the designed tool was favorably reliable and variable for predicting post- operative (heart surgery) bleeding

The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 96h) - Butyl phthalate and Calculate of Low Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) and Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) on rainbow trout fingerlings. Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. 7.3±1.25g) in 96 hours. Statistical calculation was done with SPSS 21 and probit regression and ANOVA method. Mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of - Butyl phthalate Within 24 to 96 hours. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 15.46, 12.96, 11.21 and 9.93mg.L-1, respectively. Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 3.4, 3.8, 7.2 and 9.95mg.L-1, too. Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 0.78, 0.95, 1.45 and 1.68mg.L-1, respectively. Toxicological studies are necessary for rainbow trout because of their importance and sensitivity of this species to pollutants). The results of this research can be applied to assess the ecological risks and nutritional risks of this group of pollutants. So, an effective management and control strategy must be executed in order to reduce the problems caused by DnBP in the environment.

In the last two decades much research works have been performed in order to model the dynamics of highspeed supercavitating projectiles. In the present study, the high speed supercavitating projectiles have been investigated analytically. In this context, the equations of motion were developed for the projectile inside the supercavity. To achieve this purpose, the projectile is described by its mass, geometry and moment of inertia relative to a body-fixed coordinates system. Two experimental based models were used for simulation of supercavity dynamics and the planing force. Furthermore, a detailed parametric study was performed to investigate effect of three main parameters including the mass, cavitator diameter and length of projectile, on the flight performance of a high speed supercavitating projectile. Results obtained in this parametric study can provide some physical insights into high-speed supercavitating projectile design.

The first essential and key step for optimum development of hydrocarbon fields is the determination of reservoir properties. More precise determination of reservoir properties provides stronger infrastructure for development management of the reservoir. Therefore we are observing significant attempts in order to develop more effective methods for determining and to present a more accurate view of the reservoir petrophysical properties, including reservoir rock types. Of the most effective recent methods is the RQI/FZI flow zone indicator method, which is very appropriate for the identification of hydraulic flow units (HFUs). In this study, a discrete rock type (DRT) was determined on the basis of HFU and with using the Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS), its spatial structure and probabilistic distribution in the three-dimensional network of the reservoir has studied. As a result, five discrete rock types were identified while determined DRT3, DRT4 have the best reservoir quality; and the DRT1, DRT2 and DRT5 have the lowest reservoir quality. In the longitudinal section, DRT3 is more extensively developed in the middle part of the reservoir, indicating better reservoir quality in this part of the reservoir than in other parts. In the transverse section, the DRT3 and DRT4 are high reservoir quality in the southern and western part of the reservoir, but in the central and eastern part of the reservoir, the lower reservoir quality are observed; also the developed model with high accuracy shows rock type dispersion in the reservoir.

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able tomodulate endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of 4-NP and 17-β - estradiol (E2) on the immune parameters (IgM levels and lysozyme activity) of the teleost Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) for a better understanding of the immune-reproductive system interactions. The experimental fishes were injected with ascending doses (10, 50,100 μgg-1 body weight) of 4- nonylphenol (4-NP) and (2 μgg-1 body mass) of 17-β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle during 3 weeks. After 21 days, the fishes (180) were anesthetizedand their blood samples were collected from caudal vein, then they were dissected and sexually separated by gonad characters. The measurement of immune parameters in plasma showed that 4-NP induced significant increase in the IgM levels and lysozyme activity at dose of 50 μgg-1 while the levels of these parameters in the higher doses (100 μgg-1) decreased compared with the control group (p<0.05). In addition the treatment, with 2 μgg-1 E2 significantly decreased both the IgM levels and lysozyme activity after 21 days of injection. These results indicated that 4-NP and E2 could lead to disturb the balance of immune system with potential consequences for immature koi carp.

The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative characteristics of ready-made fish paste made from minced meat (Clupeonella cultriventris) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and its shelf-life at a refrigerated temperature.This compilation was performed in five treatments including amounts 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent of processed fish meat were cured. The treatments were packed in heat-resistant glass after pasteurization. Samples were stored at 4 oC for 40 days.The amount of TVB-N in the experimental treatments during the course of the change was increased that this factor varied between15.25-31.25 mg/100 g of meat in experimental treatments. This factor was in the 100% rolled silver carp treatment until the end of the shelf life in the standard range. The amount of tybarbibacteric acid increased during storage period varied between 0.13-2.11mg malondialdehyde/1000g in experimental treatments, but this factor was in the 100% treatment of silver carp paste after the end of the maintenance period in the standard range (less than 1.8 mg/100gr), in other treatments, after 30 days, was more than standard limitation. The pH changes in treatments did not significantly decrease (P>0.05), this factor varied between 5.05 to 5.93 in the experimental period. Total bacterial counts, psychrophilic bacteria and coliform and molds were not observed in experimental treatments during storage period. Microbial contamination was not observed during the storage period in the refrigerator in the experimental treatments. The taste and texture in silver carp treatment (100%) were better than other treatments. The ash, protein and fat in 5 treatments did not significantly change during storage (p>0.05). The moisture content was not significantly increased in all five treatments during storage (p>0.05). Results showed treatment of processed carp (100%) was better than other treatments (p<0.05).

The pandemic of HIV/AIDS is spreading rapidly in the Middle East, in particular in Iran. Designing an educational program involves assessment of the educational needs of people with valid and culture-based tools. This study was conducted with the aim of psychometric analysis of an instrument for assessment of HIV/AIDS knowledge based on the Iranian culture in different population groups.

In this psychometric analysis, 58 items related to AIDS knowledge were prepared based on a literature review. Then, the face validity and content validity of the instrument was determent by the impact item score, content validity ratio (CVR), and content validity index (CVI). The reliability of the scale was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest.

Based on face validity and content validity, the research scale had 44 items with an item impact score > 1.5, a CVR > 0.49, and a CVI > 0.79. The Scale had three sections, general knowledge about HIV/AIDS (9 items), knowledge about HIV transmission (25 items), and knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention (10 items). The Scale also had a high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=0.77-0.91, ICC=0.88)

The results of the study showed the instrument was a valid and reliable scale for measurement of knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: Psychometric, Face validity, Content validity, Reliability, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge

Turnip curly top virus (TCTV) is a type member of the genus Turncurtovirus previously reported from Iran. TCTV has a wide host range among vegetables and weeds. In this study, the TCTV infection of the symptomatic jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) showing general yellowing, severe curling and cup-shaped leaves was confirmed by PCR. Full-length genome of this isolate was amplified using combination of the PCR and rolling circle amplification (RCA) and cloned into the pJET1.2 vector. Resulted nucleotide sequence indicated that the jimsonweed isolate of TCTV shares maximum and minimum identities (85.8-99.2%) with turnip and radish isolates of TCTV, respectively. In spite of high similarity between full-length nucleotide sequence of jimsonweed and several GenBank isolates, predicted rep protein of the jimsonweed isolate has an additional 14 amino acid residues at the N-terminal. Among five TCTV strains, the jimsonweed isolate was classified in the strain C with turnip and leafhopper isolates of the virus. Results of this study again confirm wide host range of turncurtoviruses in weeds and the role of wild species in infection of vegetables.

In this paper, hull/propeller interaction of a submarine model which has a realistic geometry, in submergence and surface conditions has been studied. For this purpose, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has been used to solve the viscous, incompressible, two phase flow field (in surface condition) around a model of the propeller and submarine hull with and without propeller. The rotation of the propeller has been modeled using the sliding mesh technique. For turbulent flow modeling and free surface simulation, the k-ω SST model and the volume of fluid method (VOF) have been used, respectively. Experimental data obtained from test conducted by the authors in M.U.T. towing tank have been used to validate the numerical scheme. Comparing numerical and experimental results shows good agreement. The experimental and numerical results show that operation of the propeller near water surface reduces the thrust coefficient of the propeller comparing to open water condition, so that according to experimental results the maximum relative reduction of the thrust coefficient is 8.95%. In addition, the results indicated the amount of hull resistance coefficient in surface condition is more than submergence condition. According to the thrust reduction and wake factors obtained from the numerical results, it is known that their values in surface condition are less than submergence condition. This research can be used for more realistic investigation of hull/propeller interaction and thus, more accurate powering performance prediction of submarines.

In this research, the water quality of Gharehsou River within the fish farms in the 4 stations including the upstream station (as a control station), the station between farms, the station after the last farms and downstream after 4 km away from the last fish farm, was surveyed every 45 days from the December 2015 to May 2016. The purpose of this study was to investigate parameters including water temperature (˚C), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, TDS and TSS at the desired stations. The results showed that the highest and lowest levels of ammonia in stations between farms and downstream were found 0.58 ± 0.23 mg.l-1 and 0.15 ± 0.13 mg.l-1, respectively, which was significantly differed (p

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) disability has been particularly frustrating because its treatment has been a great therapeutic challenge. Disability has been suggested to depend on different factors that should be found and considered in the medical management. The inter-segmental coordination is often impaired in CLBP subjects; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence about the relationship between the existence of coordination problems and disability in CLBP patients.
To evaluate the correlation between sagittal plane trunk-pelvis inter-segmental coordination parameters during walking and disability level in CLBP patients.
Kinematic data were collected from 16 non-specific CLBP (18-40 years) volunteers during walking. Sagittal plane time-normalized segmental angles and velocities were used to calculate continuous relative phase for each data point. Coordination parameters, mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP) were derived to quantify the trunk-pelvis coordination pattern and variability during gait cycles, respectively. The disability level was quantified through Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the probable correlation between coordination parameters and disability level.
The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between sagittal plane MARP or DP and disability level (%ODI) in CLBP subjects during walking (r= -0.806 P This study demonstrated that the lower the MARP (more in-phase pattern) and DP (less variable pattern) in the CLBP subjects, the more disability existing in such patients. The results suggest that clinicians should look beyond pain management when prescribing rehabilitation for CLBP and consider interventions that target segmental coordination improvement to manage CLBP induced disability.

Refractive errors are the fourth cause of blindness in the world, and if they are not recognized or corrected, they can expose the child to amblyopia and blindness. Epidemiological information is needed to prevent and detect refractive errors. .Due to the limited researches on refractive errors of children in Fars province, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of refractive errors and anisometropia in 6-7 years old children in the city of Fasa.
In this cross-sectional study, we used two-stage cluster stratified random sampling and selected 633 preschoolers. A total of 601 preschoolers were referred to clinic but 596 cases of all were examined. Results of cycloplegic refraction were recorded for statistical analysis.
In this study, the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia astigmatism and anisometropia were 6/54%, 10/57%, 32/55%, 3/02%, respectively. Also the rates of the prevalence of astigmatism were 24/16%with the rule, 7/21 % against the rule and 1/17%. oblique Prevalence of refractive errors in boys and girls respectively: myopia 8/01% and 5/17%, hyperopia 10/1% and 11%, astigmatism 31/35% and 33/65%, anisometropia 2/78% and 3/23 %. According to the chi-square test, there was no significant difference between girls and boys in refractive errors and anisometropia.
The prevalence of astigmatism according to thewith the rule, against the rule and oblique in boys and girl were as follows: (27/17% and 21/35%), (11/32% and 2/78%), (1/39% and 0/97 %). According to chi-square test, against the rule astigmatism were significantly more prevalent in girls than boys (p According to the result of the present study, astigmatism was the most prevalent refractive error in preschoolers in Fasa province. In comparison to the other studies the prevalence of hyperopia was average amount but myopia was almost high. Anisometropia was not a serious problem. According to the high level of astigmatism and myopia in this study, we recommend other studies should be accomplished in preschoolers in Fars.

Thrombocytopenia is one of the complications of chemotherapy drugs that may cause death. Different animal models of thrombocytopenia are used for clinical research and identification of its causes, each with advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this review article is to investigate the methods of thrombocytopenia induction in laboratory animals and their advantages and disadvantages.
This systematic review was conducted using the keywords “thrombocytopenia platelet”, “chemotherapy”, “animal model”, in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus databases from 1990 until October 2017. The title and abstract of several articles were reviewed, and after excluding the unrelated items, final articles were selected and reviewed.
FINDINGS: Animal models of thrombocytopenia are of two types of immune and non-immune. Non-immune models reduce platelet production through bone marrow suppression. Antiplatelet antibodies are used in immune models. The immune and non-immune thrombocytopenic models have some advantages and limitations and are selected according to the current therapeutic goals. Mice and rats are commonly used as laboratory animals, and cyclophosphamide and carboplatin are the most commonly used drugs.
According to the results of this study, due to the limitations of human subject research in diseases that lead to thrombocytopenia, there is a need to develop appropriate animal models for studying and identifying the factors affecting thrombocytopenia.