m. sharifi

Tourism in forests  can be effective in developing forest management plans, specially during forest rest periods. Forest areas are important for the protection of ecosystems and natural resources, as well as providing recreational opportunities for people. Therefore, forest recreation, as a form of tourism development, is a significant factor that provides many direct and indirect economic, social, cultural, and environmental benefits.  The aim of this research is to design and complete the forest road network and add walking paths with the goal of tourism development in Kheyrud Forest using the capabilities of artificial neural networks and GIS.  

Initially, layers of slope, aspect, elevation, geology, soil, canopy cover percentage, and existing roads were prepared, and each layer was internally classified and weighted. The internal classification of the layers was done based on the opinion of an expert and researcher in the field of forest engineering and forest tourism, and the weighting of the layers was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. By integrating the various layers and their corresponding weights using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method, a suitability map of the Patam section was prepared as the training section for the neural network to pass the road network. The value of each cell from the shapes, along with coordinates, was extracted using ArcGIS software, and all data were mapped to a range of 1 to 5. In this research, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network with 30 neurons in the hidden layer was used for modeling. The data on slope, aspect, elevation, geology, soil, canopy cover percentage, and existing roads were used as inputs, and the suitability data for the Patam section road passage was used as the output for training the network. The neural network estimated the suitability for each of the three active forest sections based on the Patam section.

The overlaying of the existing road network layers, landscape map, and suitability map of the research area showed that the existing road network has made many areas with tourism potential accessible to tourists. Therefore, to complete the access network to areas with tourism potential in the forest, using the PEGGER extension in the ArcView software environment and considering the landscape shape and suitability shape, walking paths of approximately 14 kilometers were designed. During the design, efforts were made to ensure that the road passes through more desirable areas (pixels with lower values). According to the results, the MLP artificial neural network, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.902 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.126, showed greater ability than linear regression in estimating the suitability value for road passage.

The results of this research demonstrate the capability of the intelligent method based on artificial neural networks and GIS for designing and planning the road network. The findings indicate an increase in the learning ability of the MLP network with an increase in iterations up to the 7th iteration.

The role and function of qualified and ethical counselors in today's schools and specifically in the secondary level is an undeniable role. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the moral and professional qualifications of educational counselors in providing services to first secondary students.

The current research was descriptive-applied and survey. The statistical population of the research included all counselors who were working in the 19 districts of Tehran at the level of girls' and boys' schools in the first secondary level of Tehran. For sampling from this community, cluster sampling method was used and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size. After completing the questionnaires by the target population of the research, the data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Fornell-Larker test, t-statistics and SPSS statistical software at a significance level of 5%.

The findings of the research showed that in order to evaluate the professional competence of educational counselors in providing services to first secondary students, 16 counselor components can be considered. Professional competence (including 6 components), moral competence of the person (including 8 components) and educational and research characteristics (including 2 components). Also, the findings of the t test showed that the mentioned dimensions and components are significant and important at the 95% confidence level.

The results of this research showed that the designed questionnaire has good validity and reliability.

The sugar beet crop has always been attacked by various pests and diseases. Rhizomania viral disease, which has spread in different regions of sugar beet cultivation, has become a disease of prime importance for the crop in the last three decades. Resistant cultivar usage is the only reliable way to manage rhizomania disease. In order to identify promising genotypes, eleven sugar beet genotypes with natural infection to rhizomania, in a company with three controls, were assessed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment was conducted in six research stations of Karaj, Khoy, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Miandoab, and Shiraz for two cropping seasons (2020 and 2021). Based on the rhizomania score, all genotypes had acceptable resistance to the disease. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis illustrated that the first five principal components were significant and specified 88.8% of the total genotype by environment interaction variance. Gen-7, Gen-10, Gen-11, and Gen-2 were selected as stable genotypes based on the AMMI model. Genotype plus Genotype by Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot results also confirmed the superiority of Gen-10 and Gen-11 regarding sugar yield and stability in disease-infected environments. According to the results of the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI), genotypes Gen-4, Gen-1, Gen-2, and Gen-11 were identified as stable genotypes under rhizomania-infected conditions. By applying different stability measurement methods, in addition to identifying the genotypes’ adaptation to different environments, accurate decisions for future breeding or cultivar registration can be achieved.

Wheat is a critical crop in Iran and pivotal in food security, economic stability, and political landscapes. Wheat fields are the habitat of many insects, including both beneficial and pest species. Therefore, various insecticides are employed in wheat fields to safeguard crop yields. However, pursuing pest control often entails unintended consequences for non-target organisms, particularly pollinators and natural enemies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of both chemical and herbal insecticides on non-target insect populations within Iranian wheat fields. Although plant-derived insecticides may offer ecological benefits, the study emphasizes the need to evaluate their efficacy against pests and their impact on beneficial insects. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the possible effects of herbal and chemical insecticides on natural enemies.

This study evaluated the adverse effects of some recommended insecticides for wheat pests on some natural enemies. A completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates was employed. The experiment was conducted in Ardabil, Tehran, and Golestan, Iran. The size of each plot was 100m2 (10 x10), with a distance of 2m between blocks and plots. A total of 30 wheat stalks were randomly selected for sampling in each plot, and all larvae on these stalks were counted within the wheat field. Sampling was performed on four occasions: one day before and 3, 7, and 14 days after spraying. The treatments included matrine (at concentrations of 1.5 and 2ml/L), deltamethrin (0.3ml/L), fenitrothion (1ml/L), and a control treatment (water). The potential effects of the insecticides were examined on the larvae of natural enemies, including the seven-spotted ladybird, flower fly, and green lacewing. Tehran and Ardabil provinces had low flower fly and green lacewing populations across all treatments, including control. However, the ladybird population was sufficient for evaluation. Therefore, the effects of the insecticides on ladybirds were investigated in these provinces.

The reduction in the population of seven-spotted ladybirds in Ardabil caused by the insecticides was insignificant on days 3 and 7 and significant on day 14. Deltamethrin caused the most negative effect on days 3 and 7, while matrine 2ml/L had the most negative effect on day 14. Deltamethrin consistently caused the largest ladybird population decline in Tehran, with a significant difference from other treatments on all days except day 3. Fenitrothion exhibited the least adverse effect throughout the experiment. Golestan had the healthiest natural enemy populations. In this province, a suitable population of seven-spotted ladybirds, flower flies, and green lacewings was observed. The study confirmed insecticide-induced declines in these populations, with deltamethrin causing the most significant reductions for ladybirds and flower flies, while fenitrothion had the least impact. All insecticides severely reduced green lacewing populations. Based on the results of the 7th day, the reduction of the population of seven-spotted ladybirds in different provinces caused by matrine 1.5 and 2ml/L, fenitrothion, and deltamethrin was 31.04% – 57.91%, 54.19% – 77.58%, 25.01% – 70.16% and 72.02% – 89.35%, respectively. In addition, population reduction caused by matrine 1.5 and 2 ml/L, fenitrothion, and deltamethrin was 31.61%, 67.01%, 24.58%, and 79.06% for flower fly, and 73.24%, 82.79%, 73.24% and 95.94% for green lacewing, respectively. In all cases, the reduction caused by matrine 2ml/L was higher than matrine 1.5ml/L. On day 7, most insecticides were slightly harmful to seven-spotted ladybirds in all provinces except Tehran and Golestan, where fenitrothion was harmless and deltamartin moderately harmful. On this day, matrine, fenitrothion, and deltamethrin were slightly harmful, harmless, and moderately harmful to flower flies, respectively. Moreover, matrine 1.5ml/L and fenitrothion were slightly harmful to green lacewing, while matrine 2ml/L and deltamethrin were moderately harmful.

Deltamethrin consistently exhibited the most pronounced adverse effects across all treatments and natural enemy populations, while fenitrothion had the least severe impact. Green lacewing populations displayed the highest insecticide sensitivity among the studied natural enemies. Based on the results, the effect of insecticides on non-target beneficial organisms was essential when developing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Avoiding the application of insecticides, particularly deltamethrin, during peak natural enemy populations was crucial to minimize unintended ecological consequences and promote a balanced ecosystem within wheat fields.

Rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lep.: Crambidae), is one of the most important and destructive rice pests in the world, including Iran, especially in the northern provinces. Every year, a significant amount of chemical insecticides are introduced into the environment to control this pest, which has caused many concerns in human health (rice farmers and consumers) and other organisms (aquatic, birds, livestock, etc.). Therefore, replacing high-risk chemical insecticides with environmentally friendly and safe compounds can reduce the side effects of pesticides and reduce the occurrence of resistance in this pest to the insecticides used and, as a result, control it more effectively. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of several common biological and chemical insecticides to control the rice stem borer, C. suppressalis.For this purpose, a study was designed as a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications and was carried out in a field located in Hashemabad village, Gorgan city, Iran. The experimental treatments included chlorpyrifos (Dursban®, EC 40.8%, 2 L/hectare), fipronil (Regent®, SC 50%, 1 L/hectare), fenitrothion (Sumithion®, EC 50%, 1.5 L/hectare), B.T. (1 L/hectare), Matrin (Rui Agro®, SL 0.6%, 1 L/hectare), and a control group (water foliar spraying). Additionally, the larval population was sampled one day before foliar spraying and 3, 7, and 14 days after foliar spraying. The Henderson-Tilton formula was used to calculate the mortality rate (insecticide efficiency). Analysis of variance was performed using the GLM model with SAS software.Means were compared using Duncan's multi-range test at the 5% probability level.The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the treatments in terms of stem infection percentage and death of the central bud at 7 and 14 days after treatment application. Additionally, the analysis of variance results for stem contamination after 14 days of insecticide application revealed that all insecticides could reduce stem contamination compared to the control treatment, with some insecticides falling within the same statistical group. Regarding the effectiveness of the treatments in controlling the rice stem borer, the analysis of variance results showed that chlorpyrifos, Matrine, and fipronil were the most effective insecticides, followed by fenitrothion and BT, at 3 days after treatment application. At 7 days after treatment application, chlorpyrifos exhibited the highest efficiency, averaging 81.24%, which was not significantly different from fipronil and Matrine. Fenitrothion and BT insecticides demonstrated the lowest efficiency. The same trend persisted 14 days after treatment application, with chlorpyrifos achieving the highest efficiency at an average of 85.85%. There were no significant differences between chlorpyrifos, fipronil, and Matrine, which had efficiencies of 79.65% and 78.97%, respectively. BT insecticide recorded the lowest efficiency level at 54.18%, which was significantly different from the other insecticides.Based on the present study's findings, it is evident that insecticides such as Chlorpyrifos and Fipronil, which have been extensively used in Iran for the chemical control of the rice stem borer, have raised concerns regarding the development of resistance in this pest. Therefore, it is advisable to consider alternatives such as Matrine, which is safer and less hazardous. Matrine, with its distinct mode of action, can serve as a highly suitable option for controlling the rice stem borer while reducing the likelihood of resistance development against insecticides.

Process towers or vertical vessels are among the industrial structures that play a key role in the production process of petroleum products and their derivatives in refineries and oil and gas industries. Due to the vulnerability of these structures in past earthquakes, and the lack of valid regulations and methods for seismic analysis and design of these structures, a case study on a designed and constructed process tower 26.5 meters high, located in Qeshm Island Refinery, has been conducted in this research. Since considering a rigid foundation, without the interaction of soil and structure, may lead to wrong results, in this study, the tower has been modeled in Abaqus finite element software considering soil behavior. The Winkler model used for soil modeling and the seismic behavior of the tower was investigated using pushover and incremental dynamic analysis, and finally, the resulting fragility curve is presented to show the structure's vulnerability at different levels of seismic intensities. In this investigation, the probable failures, including the failure of the body and the skirt, as well as the overturning of the structure, have been investigated. According to the incremental dynamic analysis results, no buckling was observed in the body and the tower's skirt before the tower overturned. The results show that overturning was the predominant failure mode and the probability of this failure mode until PGA=0.1g is approximately equal to zero, and for PGA= 0.35g, this probability is less than 20%. But for rare seismic intensities, the overturning probability is considerable.

Oil waste, is one of the most important pollutants in the oil and gas industry. Since the wells' oil has significant saltwater, the effluent amount increases with increasing oil reservoir extraction. Separating the saltwater from the extracted oil before starting the refinery process plays an essential role in reducing the oil costs as well as the useful transfer capacity. This paper presents a new Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation-based (CKEB) method to evaluate a desalination system's availability with three-state equipment and weighted-k-out-of-n configuration. In this system, the equipment is repairable, and each repair facility can repair all equipment types of different sub-systems (pump stations). We consider all failures and repairs to have a constant rate (with Exponential distribution) and use the Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation to drive the system’s availability. Then we validate the presented method using a simulation technique. Finally, the elapsed time of both solving techniques is compared. The results show the superiority of the CKEB technique in terms of computational time. Compared with the simulation technique, the computational time ratio for the CKEB method is between 0.0002% to 0.0058% for the small-size problems, between 0.05% to 0.94% for the medium-size problems, and between 1.31% to 5.39% for the large-size problems.

Ankle sprain is the most common injury among athletes, often leading to ankle instability. Various training protocols have been implemented to treat ankle instability and improve the balance of athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the effect of exercise interventions on the balance of athletes with ankle instability.

A comprehensive electronic search in the scientific database of Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran, Irandoc and Ricest with a time range of 2001-2021 and the keywords including balance, postural stability, Chronic instability, functional instability and ankle sprain were used. The present study is a systematic review Method (PRISMA).

18 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions, applied in 94.4 of the studies, have significantly improved balance in athletes with ankle instability. Combined exercises (Perform more than one type of exercise in the protocol) have a greater effect on improving balance than separate exercises.

It is possible that the reviewed training interventions, especially combination training, could become a major part of athletes' rehabilitation sessions. More research on combined exercises, women's and adolescents' sports in different genders and age groups could produce more valuable results.

This paper presents a multi-objective mathematical model which aims to optimize and harmonize a supply chain to reduce costs, improve quality, and achieve a competitive advantage and position using meta-heuristic algorithms. The purpose of optimization in this field is to increase quality and customer satisfaction and reduce production time and related prices. The present research simultaneously optimized the supply chain in the multi-product and multi-period modes. The presented mathematical model was firstly validated. The algorithm's parameters are then adjusted to solve the model with the multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA) algorithm. To validate the designed algorithm's performance, we solve some examples with General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The MOSA algorithm has achieved an average error of %0.3, %1.7, and %0.7 for the first, second, and third objective functions, respectively, in average less than 1 minute. The average time to solve was 1847 seconds for the GAMS software; however, the GAMS couldn't reach an optimal solution for the large problem in a reasonable computational time. The designed algorithm's average error was less than 2% for each of the three objectives under study. These show the effectiveness of the MOSA algorithm in solving the problem introduced in this paper.

To assess root and white sugar yield stability of 11 spring sugar beet genotypes together with three check cultivars, a field experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in six agricultural research stations; Toroq (Mashhad), Zarghan, Khoy, Kermanshah Miandoab, and Karaj, Iran, in 2020 and 2021. Combined analysis of variance showed that genotype × environment interaction was significant (P < 0.01), and genotypes had different performance in different environmental conditions. Based on regression coefficient, deviation from regression, Shukla’s stability variance, Wrick's ecovalence, and coefficient of determination, GB-6 and GB-10 genotypes were identified with high root and white sugar yield and yield stability. Although the number of genotypes with yield stability increased by using superiority measure and coefficient of variation, three genotypes including; GB-11, GB-10, and GB-2 showed the highest yield stability for root and white sugar yield, respectively. Using GGE biplot method, GB-11, GB-10, GB-2 and GB-6 were identified with higher root and white sugar yield, than average of all genotypes, and higher yield stability, respectively. Considering the results of this research, GB-6, GB-11, GB-2, and GB-10 were identified as high-yielding genotypes with high yield stability.

Although tools for measuring job burnout have been psychometrically tested in Iran, it seems crucial to have an instrument that can be used by the general society. The Covid-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS) is the only tool available to assess the burnout following Covid-19 in the general population. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Covid-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS).

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 137 participants in Yasuj, Iran. After the linguistic validation of the Iranian version of COVID-19-BS, the panel of experts evaluated the questionnaire questions by evaluating the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). At that point, a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to show the constructs of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using the internal consistency test and test-retest analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for COVID-19-BS were 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. A two-factor structure (physical and mental burnout symptoms) appeared in the EFA test, which was responsible for 67.51% of the observed variance. CFA results for the extracted two-factor structure showed an acceptable fit. Also, acceptable results were shown for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha from 0.89 to 0.73) and intraclass correlation coefficients (between 0.72 and 0.80).

The results of the present study indicated a favorable preliminary psychometric test of COVID-19-BS in the Iranian population. The COVID-19-BS questionnaire is the first valid questionnaire in Farsi language regarding job burnout following Covid-19 in the general population, which may be useful for other Farsi-speaking countries that are exposed to job burnout due to Covid-19.

Supporting the family and educating the parents helps them in taking care of their infants. Recent developments in mobile technology have created many opportunities to enhance people's health and welfare. this study aimed to compare the educating effect of Nonahal application and face-to-face method on mothers with infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

This quasi-experimental study with comparison group was done in the mothers of premature infants hospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord city, Iran, in 2020. The sample size was calculated 35 individuals in each group. Data collection tools were demographic information checklist, Avant questionnaire and weighing scale. Independent T, paired T, Fisher’s exact, Chi-Square, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS 18 software.

There was no significant difference between the two groups of application and face-to-face training after the intervention in weight gain and attachment between mother and newborn and its subscales. Infants’ weight increased significantly in both groups compare to before after intervention (p<0.001). However, attachment score and care subscale improved in app group (p<0.05).

Using the Nonahal application can increase the mother-infant attachment score and with the increase in newborn weight, the total attachment score in the app-based education group increase.

In this research, a new hybrid model for the redundancy allocation problem (RAP) in a series-parallel configuration with the k-out-of-n subsystem is presented. In the given model, the redundancy policy is set to an active, warm standby, or no redundancy. In warm standby policy, an imperfect switch detected the component's failure and replaced the fail component with a new standby one. So, the subsystems' redundancy policy is one of the model's decision variables. We presented a new objective function for the RAP to calculate the reliability of a system that consists of active and warm standby subsystems. The presented model aims to determine the subsystems' redundancy policy, the type and number of redundant components to maximize the system's reliability, under the system's cost, volume, and weight constraints. To solve the proposed model, we used two Genetic Algorithm (GA) and hybrid GA (HGA) meta-heuristic algorithm with local search. Since the %RPD of HGA is 2.1% (on average) better than GA in solving ten large-scale instances, the result shows the superiority of HGA in comparison with GA for solving the presented RAP.

The problem of the distribution of dairy products, which is classified as a combinatorial optimization problem, cannot be solved in polynomial time. In this paper, an algorithm based on Ant Colony Hybrid meta-heuristic system and Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to find a near-optimal solution to this problem. Using the former method, the nearest neighbor heuristic algorithm was used to find an initial solution, and then, Campbell insertion algorithm having O($ n^{3} $) complexity was applied in order to find a feasible solution. Furthermore, cross exchange local search algorithm was utilized to reduce the time of finding a near-optimal solution. Using the latter method, with regard to geographic features of the problem, the distribution network was optimized by GIS.   Besides, we attempted to optimize the distribution network of dairy products using multi-objective mathematical model.

Induced autopolyploidy is noticed as an effective method for increasing the production of some secondary metabolites in medicinal plans. Linum album is a valuable medicinal plant which is rich in some lignan compounds with antiviral and anticancer properties such as, podophyllotoxin. In this study, the effect of autotetraploid induction on the production of some lignans, phenolic acids, and flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway was investigated through L. album callus culture. Tetraploid calli were obtained from the leaves of the induced autotetraploid L. album, and its ploidy stability was confirmed using flow cytometry after several subcultures. Chromosome doubling or tetraploidy caused a significant increase in the production of lignan (pinoresinol), folic acids (caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid) and flavonoids (myricetin, naringenin, and catechin) measured in the callus culture, while it had no significant effect on the production of other lignans (larisiresinol and podophyllotoxin). It was concluded that autotetraploid induction could be an effective method to increasing the production of some secondary metabolites in L. album callus.

In this study, in the first phase, the optimum extraction conditions of the extract (temperatures of 50, 70 and 90°C, duration of 20, 70 and 120 min and the ratio of dry matter to solvent of 10, 20 and 30 mL/g) algae Nannochloropsis oculata was examined. The antioxidant activity of the algal extracts in the first phase was calculated by measuring the radical inhibitory power of DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). In the second phase, the effect of adding the hydroalcoholic extract of N.oculata at 0, 350, 550 and 1000 mg/L in reducing the antioxidant activity of tuna oil was investigated. Treatment time of 120 minutes, temperature of 70°C, and dry matter to solvent ratio of 30 ml/g had the highest efficiency of the extract in terms of free radical scavenging.. The storage time was 56 days and the parameters of peroxide, TBA, and p-anisidine was measured in the tuna oil on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days. The highest antioxidant power was measured at 1000 mg/L (85.45±0.55%). The index values ​​of peroxide, TBA, and p-anisidine of the tuna oil had an increasing trend with increasing in the storage time and reached its highest levels on day 56. The control group had the highest and the fish oil treatment 1000 mg/L hydrochloric extract of N. oculata had the lowest levels of oxidative indices. According to the results of treatments receiving hydroalcoholic extract of algae Nanochloropsis protective factor and antioxidant power compared to BHT, which shows that algal extract in all three concentrations of 350, 550 and 1000 mg/L can be well replaced with synthetic compounds.

Population has always been considered as one of the most fundamental issues in policy-making and futuristic planning. Population futures research is also a process for making better decisions and planning by looking at distant horizons, futures that are broadly related to values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior. One of the major demographic issues, mainly in the world, is the issue of population aging and its consequences. As a result, the purpose of the present study was to determine and study the future study of the elderly population of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province up to 2050 and their health costs.

In the present descriptive study conducted in 2019, a documentary study of the general census data of Iran Statistics Center in 2016 based on possible scenarios of fertility, migration and death of Mir using a combined method of forecasting was used. Population was analyzed in Spectrum and Mortpak demographic software and the aging status of the province's population up to 2050 horizon was analyzed.

Based on the probabilistic scenario calculations (total fertility 1/2), important population indicators such as number of elderly, aging index and dependence ratio of elderly population in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province for 2050 were estimated at 259017 people, 81.92 and 25.8, respectively. Another finding of the research indicated that from 2016 to 2050, the index of dependency ratio of the elderly will increase relatively much. Accordingly, from 6.8% in 2016 to 26.6% (low growth), 25.8% (medium growth), 25.5% (high growth). The sex ratio of the elderly in the province will reach 95 in 2050, which indicated that the elderly population of the province is moving towards femininity. Life expectancy for the elderly at the age of 60 is also projected at 2330, equal to 23 years. This index has increased significantly compared to 2016. Another finding of the present study revealed that the average direct cost of health is higher for men until about 2025, and after that, due to the increase in older women, the cost of women's health is higher.

Considering the rapid pace of declining fertility in Iran over the last two decades, it is predicted that the movement towards population aging will accelerate and based on the observed trends in fertility and mortality and a look at the most likely ways to change them in the future, the age structure was estimated. The population of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad is getting older, in other words, the share of the population in the age group under 30 decreases and the share of the population over 30 increases, considering the age structure of the population It is necessary.

In the seismic risk assessment of structures, two main random variables are involved, namely the vulnerability of the structure and the seismic action. The aim of the study presented here is to analyze the seismic behavior of the jacket-type offshore platforms as an expensive and vital structure. Furthermore, the influence of the incidence angle of the seismic action is also investigated by using twelve ground motions, rotating the direction of both orthogonal components by 22.5° (from 0° to 180°). Three damage states have been used in result interpretation. The variability of structural response to the direction of seismic input becomes larger as the level of inelastic behavior increases. In the present study, the critical directions were determined and the vulnerability of jacket type offshore structure was examined by fragility curve based on methodology suggested by Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) for three damage limit states by both multicomponent incremental dynamic analysis (MIDA) and directional multicomponent incremental dynamic analysis (DMIDA). Finally, it is found that structural behavior in the collapse zone is sensitive to directional uncertainty can change the results by up to 10%.

Individualized curriculum is an essential and important dimension in guiding learning experiences and achieving successful educational results. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of supportive actors in the individualized curriculum of those admitted to the fields of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy.

This research was performed with a qualitative method of phenomenological type. The participants of this research were those admitted to the daily courses of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy of Universities of Medical Sciences in Tehran and were selected by purposive sampling. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached, eventually reaching 19 people. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and were analyzed  by MaxQDA qualitative through seven-step Colaizzi pattern.

In this research, the role of supportive actors in the individualized curriculum of those admitted to the fields of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy was investigated. The results of the research were classified into Three main concepts: family support (including sub-concepts of family scientific support, family psychological support), Support of school educational officials (including sub-concepts of scientific support of school educational officials, psychological support of school educational officials). And university professors' support (including sub-concepts of university professors' scientific support, university professors' psychological support).

The results of this research showed that supportive actors had an important role in the  individualized curriculum of the research participants and as a result, their academic success; Scientific and psychological support of family, school educational officials, and then university professors can influence the results of educational evaluations.

The interpretation of the pressure data of naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) has particular significance. The most famous theory for analyzing the pressure data of NFRs is the dual-porosity model presented by Warren and Root. Recent studies have shown that the dual-porosity model may not be appropriate for interpreting well test from all NFRs because this model has limits. In this study, the pressure transient response of naturally fractured reservoirs was investigated by using numerical simulation without considering analytical and semi-analytical methods. To this end, a set of models including connected and disconnected fracture networks was simulated in the numerical simulator. The Warren and Root well-testing signature was observed in all simulations but it was highly evident for a well was located in the matrix and was negligible for a well that was intersected by fractures. The results of the simulation for the well that was intersected by fractures showed the bilinear flow regime with the slope of 1/4. The period of this flow regime increased in the unconnected fracture network and changed to the linear flow regime with a slope of 1/2 in two cases: firstly, by increasing fracture permeability in the connected fracture network, secondly, in the small-unconnected fractures. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was performed on the well location in the connected fracture network. This research showed that by decreasing the distance between well and fracture network, the transition period becomes deeper and appears earlier.

Social health is the part of a person's health that emerges in the community. We consider a person to have social health who can express his/her social activities and roles normally and feel connected to society and social norms. This study was aimed to determine a relationship between social support and social health among the people of Yasouj, Iran.

This descriptive study was a cross-sectional survey conducted on people of Yasuj in 2016. Four hundred people were selected using the cluster sampling method. A standardized questionnaire for the social support variables was used. The information was coded and entered into SPSS 22 software. Kendall's tau-c test was used to analyze the relationships between variables.

There were significant relationships between social health and social, family, friends, and others' support (p<0.05).

Social support (family, friends, and others) can help increase the social health of individuals, and it can reduce social harm.

Today, due to the increasing public awareness of the harms of consuming carbonated beverages, the tendency to consume natural beverages such as drinking yoghurt is increasing, but despite the observance of health standards, the sensory and physical characteristics of this product that are very important have not been confident. One of the main problems in this drink is the two-phase formation, that is due to the acidic conditions, where the casein proteins of yogurt accumulate and precipitate and eventually create an undesirable appearance and condition.

In order to prevent this problem, hydrocolloids can be used. In this study, the effects of adding carob seed gum at concentrations of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25% to buttermilk were investigated. The physicochemical, rheological, activation energy, potential, two-phase formation and organoleptic properties of this populate drink was studied thoroughly.

The potential in dough samples is from -17.96 to -31.89 mV, respectively. Changes in the flow behavior of dough from Newton to dilute by shear were observed during the addition of carob seed gum and a suitable mathematical model to predict the flow behavior of the product. Fermented milk fermented with carob seed gum was the law of power. Activation energy in dough samples ranged from 13.82 to 24.98 kj/mol, respectively. The best sample in terms of sensory evaluations was reported for the sample with a concentration of 0.2% carob seed gum.

The use of carob seed gum had a favorable effect on the physicochemical, sensory and rheological properties of dough.

This study aims to investigate the role of demographic characteristics, attachment style, and emotional nature in predicting psychological distress during the COVID- 19 period. The research design was des criptive and correlational. The statistical population included all citizens of Gonbad Kavus, of which 370 people responded to the research tools by available sampling method. The questionnnaires were the psychological distress, adult attachment style, affective temperament, and demographic characteristics questionnaires. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software. Data were analyzed using the statistical method of chi squared test, Wald test, odds ratio, and logistic regression. Data analysis showed that in the group with moderate to severe psychological distress compared to no distress, the level of education (OR: 1.12) and marital status (OR: 0.87), anxious mood (OR: 1.58) and also need for approval (OR: 1.08) were risk factors for psychological distress, while the gender (OR: 0.85), economic status (OR: 1.03), self-esteem (OR: 0.98), and discomfort with closeness(OR: 0.92) were protective. Similarly, in the group with moderate to severe psychological distress compared to the group with mild distress, cyclothymic (OR: 1.17) and depressive (OR: 1.32) were risk factors and gender (OR: 1.15), economic status (OR:0.23), were protective. Psychologists and decision makers should pay attention to this issue.

This paper presents a new redundancy allocation problem for a system with the k-out-of-n configuration at the subsystems’ level with two active and cold standby redundancy strategies. The failure rate of components in each subsystem depends on the number of working components. The components are non-reparable, and the failure rate of the component can be decreased with some preventive maintenance actions. The model has two objective functions: maximizing the system’s reliability and minimizing the system’s costs. The system aims to find the type and number of components in each subsystem, redundancy strategy of subsystems, as well as the decreased values of components failure rates in subsystems. Since the redundancy allocation problem belongs to NP-Hard problems, two Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and Non-Dominated Ranked genetic algorithm (NRGA) metaheuristic algorithms were used to solve the presented model and to tune algorithms parameters we used response surface methodology (RSM). Besides, these algorithms were compared using five different performance metrics. Finally, the hypothesis test was used to analyze the results of the algorithms.

The potential ingrained uncertainty in ground motion records may significantly influence the structural seismic risk assessment in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE). One of the basic components of the socio-economic method of PBEE design is probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM).  The level of uncertainty in PSDM, depends greatly on the selected seismic intensity measure (IM), while these models are traditionally conditioned on a single IM. Among various terms utilized in optimal IM selection, this study particularly aims to bring the “sufficiency” assessment procedures into focus. However, the IM efficiency evaluations have also been considered. The sufficiency of IM is gauged by the extent to which the residual demand measure values are statistically independent of ground motion magnitude (Mw) and distance (R), regressing of IM. The objective of this study is to introduce a recently emerged quantitative procedure by employing relative sufficiency measure (RSM) on the basis of Kullback‐Leibler divergence concepts to indicate the superiority of one IM relative to another in the representation of ground motion uncertainty. Besides, the traditional methods of sufficiency evaluation are also discussed. To this end, a three-dimensional finite element model of typical South Pars fixed pile-founded offshore platforms has been built. Several IM candidates are classified and compared in terms of the expected difference in the information they provide for predicting a wide range of structural response parameters. It can be deduced that the most informative of the fourteen considered IMs are among velocity-related ones. The results also demonstrate the absolute necessity of the RSM in optimal IM ranking.