mohammad akbari

Several factors can affect the survival of patients with breast cancer (BC). We estimated BC patients' 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates and influential factors in a single medical center during the last three decades.

We enrolled patients diagnosed with BC managed in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 1991 to 2018. All patients were followed to check the patients' status. The data were analyzed regarding demographic, clinical, pathological, and molecular biology characteristics. Descriptive and survival analyses were performed. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis.

Overall, 4, 429 women were included. The mean age was 49. 11 (±11. 98) yr. Nearly 70% of the patients had high school degrees. Totally, 35% of patients were diagnosed in the advanced stages of BC. Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were positive in 72. 50%, 66. 90%, and 16. 20% of the cases, respectively. About 11. 6% of patients died. The overall 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates of BC were 90%, 83%, and 75%, respectively. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, the survival rate was affected by literacy level, positive lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, ER, tumor size, and pathological grade.

This is the first report on the 15-year survival rate of BC and its influential factors, from a medical center in Iran. The results were acceptable and comparable with those of developed countries due to scientific protocols, teamwork, and effective follow-up in a developing country.

Emotion regulation strategies help family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients to manage caring behaviors. However, evidence pointed out problems and therefore a need to execute respective programs to improve emotion regulation for caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mental health literacy promotion programs on emotion regulation strategies of family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients.

This is a clinical trial study, with two‑group pretest–post‑test design with a follow‑up period conducted in 2023. Sixty family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients were randomly allocated to intervention control groups. Data collection was done using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and Gross and John’s Emotion Regulation Scale. The mental health literacy promotion program was implemented for the intervention group in six sessions weekly. Immediately and 1 month after the last meeting, the questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed using Chi‑squared and Fisher’s exact tests, Mann–Whitney test, and analysis of covariance by SPSS‑22. The significance level was set to 0.05.

The results showed that the frequency distribution of demographic variables in the control and test groups had no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The intervention had significant effects on the mean score of emotion regulation strategies, and its subscales included re‑evaluation and suppression of family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients in both the post‑test and follow‑up periods (p < 0.001).

According to improving the emotion regulation of family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients through the mental health literacy promotion program, it is suggested to use this program to achieve the desired emotion regulation.

Background and Theoretical Foundations: 

Over time and with technological advancements, humanity has moved away from natural living to an industrial lifestyle. In pursuit of human interests, extensive interventions and alterations have been made to the natural environment. These changes, including soil degradation, deforestation, and the destruction of surface and groundwater bodies and seas, have caused irreversible harm to humans and have put the existence of all living beings at serious risk. Such actions can be considered as examples of criminal behaviors.

The primary research question is framed as follows: “What legal measures have been anticipated for environmental crimes?” This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, developed using legal texts and articles.

In essence, the environment is one of the most critical sectors of society, an inseparable part of human life with a profound impact on it. Although during the 19th and 20th centuries, the drafters of constitutions established certain standards for environmental protection and bilateral or multilateral agreements were concluded with the aim of safeguarding the environment, the reality remains that this area of international law requires a robust global institution.

Such an institution would strengthen the motivation for supporting the international environment and enhance access to effective judicial mechanisms globally. Through this approach, it would pave the way for the further development of international environmental law by issuing beneficial judicial rulings and precedents regarding the environment and its protection, thereby reinforcing its continuous growth.

Despite the existence of a lot of research in the field of knowledge network, so far no research has been found that can provide a comprehensive framework of the factors affecting the knowledge network. In this study, 2306 related scientific texts in the period before 2022 were selected from valid databases, which were evaluated using the meta-synthesis method and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 30 studies were evaluated in line with the goal. As a result of analyzing the collected data, 7 dimensions (intra-organizational, inter-organizational, knowledge management system, knowledge network infrastructure, individual factors, external environment and results) and thirty-eight components affecting the knowledge network were identified. In the next step, using the Shanon entropy analysis method, the support of previous studies for dimensions and components was examined. Among the dimensions, intra-organizational dimension and individual factors, and among the components, the organizational structure supporting the knowledge network and the knowledge-based organizational culture were the most important. The results of this study can be a good tool to identify the factors affecting the knowledge network and also to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing knowledge networks, so organizations can use the results of this research to design and evaluate the knowledge network.

The following research is responsible for the analytical evaluation of the examples of the words "water and sea" in the Holy Quran with a comparative approach to the position of Imamate and Wilayat. These words in the Qur'anic verses show that certain Muslims, as the best people of the Ummah, bear the great responsibility of implementing the Islamic system and its values, and since the most important vital concept in this system is Imamate and Wilayat, that is why they play a significant role in It has the leadership, guidance and prosperity of the Muslim community. Descriptive-analytical and comparative methods have been used to determine the quality of the relationship between these words and the concept of Imamate and Wilayat and to obtain real examples of "water and sea", and by referring to reliable sources and in-depth analysis of the meaning of the verses and narrations from the innocents. peace be upon him, paying attention to the meaning of the words "water" and "sea" and also paying attention to the interpretations of the elders and the general context and spirit of the verses of the Qur'an, it is determined that the true example of "water and sea" is the position of guardianship and imamate of the infallibles, peace be upon them. The Shia view is of special importance and must be given special attention in order to bring individuals and society to worldly and hereafter happiness.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among Iranian women. The cost of breast cancer treatment is high, and many families struggle to afford it.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure and factors affecting it in BC patients in Shahid Jalil Hospital affiliated to Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical way. Based on the inclusion criteria, the health expenditure of 82 patients with BC were collected. The data was gathered from Shahid Jalil Hospital, affiliated with Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. It includes inpatient and outpatient information from the Iran Health Insurance Organization, as well as patient-declared costs in 2022. The study data analyzed using descriptive statistics methods including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and stepwise linear regression to investigate the effect of variables on the amount of OOP health expenditure in SPSS 21 software.

The OOP expenses for BC patients accounted for 32.89% of the total direct medical expenses. Of the OOP costs, 47.18% were attributed to drug expenses, 16.19% to laboratory costs, 11.74% to imaging expenses, 11.20% to visit costs, 8.40% to hospitalization expenses, 2.84% to doctor’s services, and 2.45% to physical therapy-related expenses. Factors such as age, place of residence, occupation, education, and household income were among the factors that had a significant effect on OOP payments (P < 0.05). Marital status, housing situation, and social coverage had no significant effect on patients' OOP payments (P > 0.05).

BC patients incur a lot of expenses, and about 32.89% of these expenses are OOP payments. It is essential for insurance organizations to increase their coverage, while also requiring additional support from the government for patients with breast cancer in obtaining necessary medication and medical supplies.

A six-month-old female domestic short hair cat was presented for bilateral hindlimb lameness. Radiographt revealed bilateral distal femoral physeal fractures and left sided acetabular fracture. Treatment performed by transfixation cross pinning for both limbs. The right hind limb was operated immediately, however, due to an open fracture on the left hind limb, the surgical intervention was postponed to prevent osteomyelitis. The delayed surgical intervention was associated with quadriceps contraction. Here, to treat the muscle contraction, muscle release operation followed by a 90 degree external coaptation was performed. After healing of the surgical wound, physiotherapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation was performed for five sessions over three weeks and then the cat demonstrated significant improvement in the posture and gait. Quadriceps contraction often is observed as a complication during healing of femoral fracture after surgery. Physiotherapy may play important role in preventing postoperative pain and other complications.

The purpose of this research is to temperature simulate in the Birjand synoptic station using SDSM Model. Observation data includes the maximum, minimum and daily average of the temperature in time (1981-2005). It is used from NCEP data and CanESM2 output under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios for statistical downscaling in the projected (2020-2100) periods. The simulation results of the average temperature change at the Birjand station indicate an incremental trend of this parameter in the range of 2020-2100. The highest increase will occur in the period 2020-2039 and in the RCP4.5 scenario. Also, the results of this simulation indicate an increase in the mean minimum temperature in time intervals (2020-2020, 2059-2040 and 2079-2060), and the highest increase in minimum temperature in RCP4.5 scenario will occur. The study of the average temperature for all studied periods shows that in all three scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 8.5), the average temperature increase gradually began in January, reaching its highest level in August. The most important thing is to increase the average temperature in winter. Because the average temperature in the initial period (2020-2039) and the end period (2080-2099) indicates an increase of 1.68 degrees Celsius, the average winter temperature will be in the coming periods. The general results of the simulation of the three parameters of the temperature of the station in Birjand during the statistical period (2020-2100) indicate an increase in temperature along with an incidence from the base period (1981-86). In other words, the temperature values in the study area will increase in the future.

This study investigates the relationship between patient age, gender, and various complications, such as pain, restricted range of motion (ROM), and hemorrhage following total knee arthroplasty.

This cross-sectional study included 62 patients (Mean±SD age= 65.9±7.38 years; female participants=74.2%) who underwent total knee arthroplasty at Atieh Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2020 and 2021. Pain levels were assessed using the numerical pain rating score. Meanwhile, knee joint ROM was evaluated using a reliable mobile application. Hemorrhage was measured through knee joint drainage. Statistical analyses were performed to analyze the data.

Women reported higher pain levels and more restricted ROM in passive knee extension and active/passive knee flexion compared to men (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between genders in active knee extension and hemorrhage. A significant inverse correlation was found between pain and ROM in passive knee extension (rho=-0.41, P≤0.001), as well as in active (rho=-0.5, P≤0.001) and passive knee flexion (rho= -0.59, P≤0.001). However, no significant relationship was observed between pain and active knee extension or hemorrhage. Age showed no statistically significant correlation with the other variables.

This study highlights the association between higher pain levels and greater ROM restrictions in passive knee extension and active/passive knee flexion following total knee arthroplasty; however, patient age and gender were not found to be associated with postoperative hemorrhage. These findings underscore the importance of closely monitoring pain and ROM, particularly in women undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Logbook is considered as one of the most effective methods of evaluating clinical education, which has been designed and used for nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences since 2017, and few studies have examined the views of the users of this logbook completely. Considering that knowing the strengths and weaknesses of using this method can be a valuable step in the direction of proper evaluation of students; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the views of students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences on the use of electronic logbooks in clinical departments.

Method & Materials:

 The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (2023-2024) and sampling was done by census method. The studied samples included students who had at least one experience of using a logbook. The data collection tool was based on the questionnaire of Najafi et al. (2016), with a correlation coefficient of 80%, which was distributed among students electronically. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software.

In this research, 84 nursing, midwifery and operating room students were included in the study, of which 51.19% were female and 71.42% were studying nursing. 33.3% of the students found it necessary to use the log book in the hospital environment. 48.8% considered the existence of a general report of the number of performed clinical activities and matching the items of the logbooks to the clinical lesson plan as the most important quality factor of the electronic logbooks. 52.4% of the students stated that they were fully familiar with the process of completing the electronic log book. 46.4% stated that completing the electronic logbook is not important in their opinion.

There are some deficiencies in the field of necessity, quality, process and method of completing the logbook from the perspective of the students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and the highest point of view of the students was related to the necessity of using the logbook; Therefore, it seems necessary for the students by the relevant professors and the officials to revise the contents of the logbook, according to the changing educational needs.

Heart failure patients experience a lot of emotional and psychological distress in the course of treatment and self-care, which affects all aspects of their lives. One of the basic challenges that affects most heart failure patients is the reduction of emotional self-efficacy. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the emotion regulation program on the emotional self-efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure.

In this randomized clinical trial study; 70 patients with chronic heart failure were randomly selected into two test groups (35 people) and control (35 people). In the test group, the emotion regulation program was conducted in 6 sessions. The data collection tool was based on the demographic characteristics form and the emotional self-efficacy questionnaire of Beverly et al., which was completed by the patients in three stages before the intervention, immediately and one month after the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 with descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The significance level in these tests was P < 0.05. 

The results showed that the average resilience score in the test group before, immediately and one month after the intervention was 24.29 ± 12.82, 90.37 ± 6.49 and 85.63 ± 7.77, respectively. From a statistical point of view, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001), while in the control group, the average resilience score during the mentioned time was 37.97 ± 25.10, 19.54 ± 14.80, and 20.82± 20.80, respectively. It was observed that 31.20% was not statistically significant; (P<0.05), in other words, the emotion regulation program has increased the emotional self-efficacy score in the test group compared to the control group.

The emotion regulation program is effective in improving emotional self-efficacy in patients with chronic heart failure; therefore, it is suggested that this intervention be provided for patients with chronic heart failure in a practical way by nurses working in the centers.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the employment competencies of educational graduates from the perspective of view of employers. This research was applied in terms of purpose and was among the qualitative researches of Grounded Theory type. The participants of this research included 24 employers in the field of educational (interviewers for the Education recruitment exam, directors of non-state educational institutes, directors and recruitment officers of non-state schools, directors of kindergartens and preschools) in Birjand city. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and using MAXQDA-2020 software. In order to validate the research, two methods of member control and peer review or feedback were used. Consecutive review and comparison of data resulted in the extraction of 28 categories and 6 themes. Data analysis led to the formation of a sub-theory. The model shows that the focal variable is the process of education and teaching skills. The focal variable, under the influence of contextual and intermediate conditions, leads to the formation of the strategies of "being a lifelong learner", "research skills", "planning skills", "classroom skills and classroom management", "purposefulness" and "problem solving skills". became Finally, "increasing employability" was the consequence of this process.

laser welding of dissimilar materials joint composed of Inconel 600 superalloy and stainless steel of duplex 2205 was performed via experimental design to analyze the weld quality characterization including the weld penetration depth and width and the microstructural variation at different regions of the weld bead. The process parameters impact on the temperature gradient near the boundary line of the fusion zone and base metals of both material according to the variation of focal distance, beam deviation direction to each material and welding speed were investigated. Additionally, variation in weld bead width, depth of weld penetration and appearance of weld bead surface were investigated according to the mentioned process parameters. The results imply that by moving the laser beam in direction of the duplex steel the width of the melt pool was more than that of super alloy 600. Due to the laser beam's high energy density and the melt pool depth remained relatively unchanged when welding at the focal point, as opposed to welding at higher focal distances. With the interaction effect of laser beam deflection of towards the Inconel 600 and increasing focal length due to a lower absorption coefficient and a significant reduction in energy density, the maximum reduction rate of molten pool depth was observed. The maximum weld bead width occurs at the place of laser beam radiation at the center line of the of two parts junction.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the current model of lifelong learning in Farhangian University. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the grounded theory method. The statistical population included all the professors, students and administrators of Farhangian University of South Khorasan province, and 29 people were selected to participate in the research with a purposeful and criteria-based sampling method. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview, which was used to analyze the data using an open, central and selective coding method. In order to validate and ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings, the four criteria of Lincoln and Guba were used. The results of the research showed twenty central concepts, which according to the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin (2008) in the form of the central phenomenon of the research, causal conditions, strategies, contextual and intervening factors.

Fetal abnormalities can cause axillary artery variations. Recognize and document of these variations are essential for surgeons performing interventional or diagnostic procedures for cardiovascular diseases. During routine dissection of an old female cadaver in the department of anatomy of Islamic Azad University, Tehran of Medical Sciences, we came across a variation in the branching pattern of the left axillary artery. The third part of the left axillary artery gave rise to a common trunk which was divided into the subscapular, lateral thoracic, posterior, and anterior circumflex humeral arteries.

The aim of this research is to designing a model for the implementation of human resource development policies in the Iran's oil industry. The research has a qualitative approach and the grounded data theory method was used. The method of data collection, library studies and in-depth and open interviews with 12 experienced university professors and oil industry experts through targeted sampling until reaching the saturation point is discussed. The validity of this research was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and expert professors. Reliability was also obtained with 91% retest. Data analysis was done using three stages of open, central and selective coding. The data analysis showed that the policy model, effective management structure, human capital, policy requirements, human resources policy system and individual and organizational productivity are effective factors for the implementation of human resource development policies in the Iran's oil industry.

Despite the direct access to clients in physiotherapy worldwide, Iran has yet to achieve significant improvements in the educational standards and professional responsibilities of physiotherapists. Currently, Iranian physiotherapists do not have direct access to patients. This study aims to present solutions for the professional development of physiotherapy, based on the perspectives of scholars in this field.

This qualitative content analysis study explored the experiences of 12 physiotherapy scholars from three levels of study (bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate) through structured and semi-in-depth face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was conducted concurrently with data collection using Granheim and Ludman’s content analysis method. 

The identified potential solutions include continuous review of the curriculum, strengthening clinical education, elevation of the basic level of physiotherapy education to a professional doctorate or master’s degree, post-graduation competency assessment, revision of educational priorities, establishing a strong presence in hospital and community departments, preventing the influence and interference of other disciplines, raising public awareness of the capabilities and potential of the profession, and paying greater attention to professional ethics.

In the absence of entry-level general doctor of physiotherapy and direct access to patients, the quality of physiotherapy services will not improve, leading to suboptimal health outcomes for clients and consequent waste of time and financial resources for both patients and insurance providers.

Despite the breadth and diversity of physiotherapy healthcare services, the entry of physiotherapists into the field of prevention and also direct access of physiotherapists to patients in the world for 10 years ago, Iranian physiotherapists have not had direct access to clients, yet. One way to overcome the current situation and move towards the growth and development of the profession is to identify the opportunities and threats of the field. The purpose of this study is to explain the obstacles to the professional development of physiotherapy from the point of view of graduates of this field. 

In a qualitative study of the content analysis type, the experiences of 12 physiotherapy scholars in three levels of study, bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate were obtained through a structured and semi-in-depth face-to-face interview. Simultaneously, as the data was collected, the data was analyzed based on Granheim and Ludman’s content analysis method.

A total of 28 codes were extracted to explain the obstacles to the development of physiotherapy in Iran, which include “low attention to professional ethics”, “inefficient policies of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education” and “traditional teaching methods”.

If the adherence to the principles of professional ethics is not strengthened, the policies of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MHTME) cannot facilitate the growth and development of the profession, and fundamental changes in the education and training of students will not take place, not only will the quality of physiotherapy services be lower than international standards, but many high medical expenses will also be imposed on people and insurances.

Nurses, as the main caregivers of people infected with Covid-19, formed the highest percentage of the care team and were placed in the front line of patient care. These nurses, in parallel with caring for cardiovascular patients who were infected with Covid-19, endured a double burden in terms of care and psychology; So that the ground was provided for exhaustion and psychological analysis of these people; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of understanding the experiences and psychological challenges of nurses caring for cardiac patients with covid-19.

Method & Materials:

 The present qualitative study was conducted in the analytical-content type. The participants included: nurses of the special care and respiratory isolation department of patients with covid-19 in Isfahan Shahid Dr. Chamran Cardiac Hospital. Sampling was done in a targeted manner (from April to May 1401) and the interviews were semi-structured and in-depth. Data analysis was performed using Gernheim and Lundman method and MAXQDA20 version 20.4.0 software.

The participants in this research included 12 nurses working in the special cardiac care department. A total of 245 initial codes were obtained, which were classified into 14 subcategories and 3 main categories, including: "supportive dimensions", "motivation fluctuations" and "instability of care conditions and facilities".

Managers and politicians of this department should try to encourage and strengthen a supportive and ethical working atmosphere for better management of psychological issues and correct decision-making in the crisis of epidemics.

As the primary caregivers of people with COVID-19, nurses were exposed to the ethical challenges and conflicts of caring for their patients. The simultaneous care of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 has placed a multiplier burden on the nurses of these patients in terms of care and ethics, which causes burnout and psychological deterioration of these patients. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted with the aim of understanding the ethical challenges of nurses caring for cardiac patients with COVID-19.

Methods & Materials: 

A qualitative study was conducted using qualitative content analysis. The participants were nurses in the intensive care unit and respiratory isolation of patients with COVID-19 in Shahid Dr. Chamran Heart Specialized Hospital in Isfahan. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. The data analysis experiment was performed using Gernheim and Landman's qualitative content analysis method and using MAXQDA20.

The participants in this study included 10 nurses working in the intensive care unit. A total of 204 primary codes were obtained, which were classified into 8 subcategories and 3 main categories, including "legal care or conscientious care", "myself or my patients", and "cardiac care or COVID care".

Caring for COVID-19 patients for nurses in cardiac intensive care units was accompanied by the experience of enormous ethical challenges. It is suggested that managers and policymakers in this field try to encourage and strengthen a supportive and ethical work environment to better manage intertwined ethical issues and make the right decisions in the context of the pandemic crisis. Healthcare organizations should prioritize the health of nurses during the pandemic and prevent burnout and maintain the quality of patient care by providing psychological, material, and spiritual support.

Measuring flow rate in water transmission channels has always been important. weirs and gates are more useful than other measuring tools and methods due to their low cost, ease of installation, ability to regulate and control the water level, as well as relatively simple and accurate relationships. Of course, each of these structures alone has weak points; For example, the settling of sediments behind the weir and the accumulation of floating materials behind the gate reduce their efficiency. In order to eliminate or reduce the weak points of weir and gate, the combination of these two structures in different ways and the research on hydraulics and the accuracy of the flow coefficient of the combined structure have been considered by researchers for some time. Therefore, in the current research, a triangular-rectangular combined weir structure and a sliding gate were built and its flow coefficient was investigated in different hydraulic conditions by a laboratory model in the hydraulic laboratory of Birjand University.

The experiments of this research in a laboratory flume with a length of 10 meters and a width of 0.3 meters in order to determine the discharge coefficient of the combined triangular-rectangular weir structure and the sliding gate, in two states of fixed opening of the gate and different flow rates and different opening of the gate and constant flow rates. And it was done in two slopes of 0.002 and 0.004. Finally, according to the existing relationship, the discharge coefficient of the structure was determined in different conditions. Dimensional analysis technique was used to generate dimensionless parameters and investigate the effect of these parameters on the discharge coefficient of the combined structure.

The results of the experiments were analyzed after checking the correctness and refinement of the data, and the discharge coefficient of the combined structure was analyzed according to the collected data and the geometrical and hydraulic parameters of the structure. The discharge coefficient of the combined structure was calculated in constant gate openings and different discharges and different gate openings and constant discharges. Also, in order to control some of the tests performed, the discharge coefficient of the combined structure was examined in two different slopes. In all these researches, the discharge coefficient of the combined structure was between 0.6 and 0.9, and the results became more uniforme with the increase of the upstream depth (y/D). The extraction of the gate of the combined structure downstream of the structure had an effect on the numerical value of the discharge coefficient of the combined structure.

The test results showed that with the increase of y/D, the discharge coefficient first reaches its lowest value and then increases after the flow enters the rectangular weir and tends to 0.7. Also, by reducing the opening of the gate (H_g/D), the discharge coefficient tends to 0.7. Also, the intake of the gate of the combined structure increases the discharge coefficient of the structure. Slope changes have no effect in determining the discharge coefficient of the combined structure. The results of the current research with the results of other researchers who have worked in this field; It matches well.

Caring for a patient with a chronic mental disorder is a difficult and exhausting task that makes family caregivers face all kinds of psychosocial problems and ultimately reduces the quality of life of these people. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the virtual psychosocial empowerment program on the quality of life of family caregivers with chronic mental disorders.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group and a pre-test-post-test design that was performed on 70 family caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders in Farabi and Noor educational- medical centers in Isfahan, Iran. The participants in this study were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire, before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. The experimental group received the psychosocial empowerment program in 8 sessions and 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention, and one month later the WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire was completed by the experimental and control groups and the data were analyzed using independent t-test and RM-ANOVA. Data were analyzed in SPSS20 software.

In this study, were 35 participants in the intervention group and 35 participants in the control group. Three intervention group members were excluded from the study, and finally data analysis was performed on 67 samples. There was a statistically significant difference between the average scores of different dimensions of quality of life three times before, immediately, and one month after the intervention in the test group (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the above cases three times before, immediately, and one month after the intervention in the control group (p<0.05).

Using the empowerment program for family caregivers of chronically mentally ill patients in virtual form can be effective on their quality of life and can be used as one of the supported methods for these families.

Mathematics and artificial intelligence (AI) have forged a symbiotic relationship, driving some of the most groundbreaking advancements of our time. Mathematics provides the theoretical foundation for AI, equipping it with essential tools such as linear algebra, probability, and optimization to build complex algorithms. In turn, AI is transforming mathematics by addressing intricate problems that were once beyond human capabilities. AI-powered theorem proving, pattern recognition, and data analysis are revealing new insights and uncovering previously unknown mathematical structures. This mutual reinforcement has led to breakthroughs in fields like geometry, number theory, and combinatorics. Together, mathematics and AI are shaping a future defined by unprecedented innovation and intelligent technologies. This paper will explore how these two disciplines fuel each other›s growth, from AI›s reliance on mathematical models to its role in advancing mathematical discovery. As this collaboration deepens, mathematics and AI continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, driving a smarter and more innovative future.

Communicative implication is considered as one of the most important concepts and points of view in linguistic studies. Pole Grice is one of the most prominent theorists, whose communicative maxims are based on the principle of coordination. According to this theory, interlocutors are required to follow different maxims in their speech. Conversation should revolve around 4 main maxims: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of occasion, and maxim of approach. The absence of every single one in conversation would disrupt the flow of conversation and transmission of speaker’s words from explicit meaning to implicit meaning based on position or status, the implication of which can be analyzed based on Grice’s model. The objective of this article is to examine communicative implications in White Barde Sun. It finds that characters (interlocutors) in the novel break the rules of communicative implication of Grice and accordingly, pay more attention to implicit meaning. It is contended that maxims of quantity, quality, location, and method (approach) are deviated in conversations to showcase the protagonist’s mistakes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and emotional Freedom technique (EFT) in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in women who have recovered from the disease of Covid-19 in Tabriz. The present study was quasi-experimental based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group.The statistical population included all female patients recovered from Covid-19 aged 25 to 60 years in Tabriz in 2021. Thirty-six recovered female patients sampled using the purposeful sampling method and diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to three groups, experimental group 1 (n=12), experimental group 2 (n=12) and The control group (n=12). Participants in EMDR and EFT sessions were treated individually and weekly in six 45 min sessions.The control group followed their normal daily schedule. All participants were evaluated in two pre-test and post-test stages by a post-traumatic stress disorder checklist. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the analysis of covariance. Post-test PTSD scores were significantly reduced in two experimental groups (P <0.05). Both EMDR and EFT psychotherapies relieved the symptoms in PTSD patients. However, according to the post-test results, EMDR intervention was more effective than EFT psychotherapy in reducing PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a reduction in PTSD scores in the EMDR group was substantially more significant than in the EFT group. Results suggest greater use of EMDR for PTSD symptoms.