mohammad ebrahimi

Participatory urban planning aims to increase citizen involvement in urban decision-making and requires tools for analyzing vast amounts of textual data. This study investigates the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in analyzing citizens' opinions regarding urban development plans.

Using content analysis methods and machine learning algorithms, opinions collected from social media platforms were analyzed. The results indicated that NLP can accurately identify sentiments, main topics, and patterns present in citizens' comments.

These findings suggest that NLP can serve as a powerful tool to enhance the decision-making process in urban planning. However, limitations such as informal language and the presence of specialized terminology in comments indicate a need for further development of NLP models.

One of the significant challenges in enhanced oil recovery studies is to control and diverte the path of injected fluid towards target zones containing more remaining oil. One of the promising methods for fluid diversion is using foam to increase the performance of injected flow behavior. However, to achieve such a performance, it is necessary to investigate the foam flow behavior at the pore scale to elucidate the governing mechanisms involved in the diversion process. To this end, a porous medium pattern was designed, consisting of dual-layer with different permeabilities and cross flow between them. To conduct experiments, first the oil-saturated micro-model was flooded by brine to reach its residual oil saturation condition. Subsequently, foam performance was examined in the form of simultaneous gas and foaming agent injection. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as the foaming agent at 35000 ppm of NaCl brine. Results showed that in gas injection, due to very high gas mobility and thus no enough pressure gradient for liquid diversion, oil recovery was only obtained from high permeability later with almost no contribution from low permeability layer. However, foaming the injected gas improved gas apparent viscosity and thus improving in the heterogeneous dual-layer system in a way that diversion of the injected fluid from the high permeability to low permeability layer occurred. Accordingly, fluid diversion by foam led to an increase in residual oil production from the low permeability layer, increasing the production efficiency from 9% to 85%. The effectiveness of foam injection in a heterogeneous, layered porous media and subsequently increasing residual oil production could be described in the light of viscous cross-flow, diverting the injected fluid from high to low permeability regions, and also enhancing the performance of gas displacement front. Results of this study indicate the promising potential of foam as a viable fluid diversion agent for controlling the mobility of injected fluid in a heterogeneous, layered system.

The tendency to produce and use nanoparticles is increasing due to their characteristics in medicine and industry. Today, metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles, are widely used in the fields of cancer treatment, pharmaceuticals, targeted transfer of biological compounds, production of cosmetics and many other industries. Among the methods of producing nanoparticles in the right size and amount, the cost-effective and biocompatible method of using plant tissues has attracted the attention of scientists. In this research, lavender seed extract was prepared by soaking in heat, and then by combining the extract with gold nitrate and diluting with deionized water, gold nanoparticles were produced. The factors affecting the production process of nanoparticles, including time, temperature and pH, were also determined by visible-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopic analysis, checking and optimal synthesis conditions, pH = 9.5, temperature 35 degrees Celsius and time 30 minutes. The results showed that with increasing temperature and time, the size and synthesis rate of nanoparticles increases and no nanoparticles were synthesized at acidic pH. Then, using XRD and transmission electron microscopy techniques, the size and structure of the produced nanoparticles were investigated. The results showed that the produced gold nanoparticles have a crystalline structure and are spherical and homogeneous with an average diameter of 5-30 nm. The Nyquist curve of simple carbon paste electrode and carbon paste modified with gold nanoparticles confirmed the electrical conductivity of gold nanoparticles and their presence in lavender seed extract.

The studied area is located in the south of Zanjan province, southwest of Qeidar and in Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic arc. The igneous rocks of the southwestern region of Qeidar include volcanic rocks (basanite, analcime bearing basalt, basalt, trachybasalt, and trachydacite) and pyroclastic rocks (volcanic breccia and agglomerate). In the mentioned rocks, the analcime bearing basaltic rocks have a larger volume in the region. The main minerals are plagioclase, analcime and clinopyroxene, along with some secondary minerals, including opaque minerals. According to the microprobe results, pyroxenes are of diopside type and plagioclase is of anorthite-rich type. The main texture of these rocks is porphyritic texture. In the studied area, there are dykes with porphyry texture containing very coarse euhedral pyroxene crystals that they have cut Cretaceous units and Eocene volcanic rocks. Based on chemical data, the lava flows have nearly alkaline affinity. The basalt spider diagram has positive anomalies for elements such as Cs, Ba and Pb and negative anomalies for elements such as Nb and Ti. The tectonic environment of the studied volcanic rocks is active continental margin, and their magma has been originated from the metasomatized mantle wedge with fluids released from the subducting plate, and during ascent they have suffered a little crustal contamination.

With the amendment of the Penal Law in 2012, the prosecution of legal entities in all crimes, especially environmental crimes, has become significantly easier for the authorities. Prior to this change, the possibility of holding a legal person liable for an environmental crime depended on the previous conviction of the person concerned (usually an employee or board member of the company) in a criminal court. Such trials often took too long and often failed to establish guilt and lead to convictions, making it impossible to hold the company responsible. Now, in order to hold a legal person liable for an environmental crime, such a previous conviction of an individual is no longer required. Therefore, the legislator considered that environmental crimes require faster prosecution of collective entities, regardless of the responsibility of their perpetrators - such as the members of the corporate bodies or their employees who committed the crime.Now, in order to hold a legal person liable for an environmental crime, such a previous conviction of an individual is no longer required.

The concept of power has consistently been a focal point in international relations and political theories, particularly within the realist school of thought. Traditionally, power discussions centered primarily on military capabilities; however, the dimensions of power have evolved, with economic power emerging as a critical factor in international politics. In recent years, China has experienced unprecedented economic growth, demonstrating resilience in the face of global financial crises and the COVID-19 pandemic. This research investigates the impact of China's economic power on its standing within international organizations. It first outlines key indicators of economic power-such as GDP based on purchasing power parity, current account balance, foreign currency reserves, patents, and oil trade balance-and examines their influence on policy. Subsequently, the study analyzes China's increasing presence and influence in major international institutions, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies (e.g., the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization). The findings indicate that China's economic power has significantly enhanced its position within these institutions, thereby strengthening its role in the international system.

Today, within the scope of protective victimology, we are witnessing the specialization of supports aimed at victims, such that vulnerable victims, as a particular spectrum of victims who deserve assistance and support appropriate to their vulnerability, have garnered specific attention in protective victimology. Therefore, it can be said that disabled victims, as a type of vulnerable victims, have special conditions. This is because their disability not only provides a suitable context for them to be at risk of victimization and creates a suitable readiness for the commission of crime by the offender, but also with the occurrence of victimization, they suffer an additional type of harm by experiencing victimization. The findings of this article indicate that in the Iranian legal system, various situational, social, and participatory prevention measures for the victimization of disabled individuals are included in different laws. The data and information have been examined using library and field methods, followed by their description and analysis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational structure and organizational learning with the mediating role of organizational intelligence in employees of the Ports and Maritime organization.

The research applied in terms of purpose and method was descriptive, correlational one. The statistical population of this study included 426 Staff of Amirabad Ports and Maritime organization. The statistical sample was 202 participants that determined by the using Krejcy and Morgan table, and selected by stratified random sampling according to gender. Data were gathered by using three Questionnaires of Robbins' organizational structure (1996),Peter Sange's organizational Learning (2001) and Albrecht's organizational intelligence (2003) is used Questionnaires. Their reliability was calculated to 0.86, 0.83 and 0.89 respectively by the use of Cronbach Alpha. The collected data was used for analyzed by Structural equation modeling using the Amos.

Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and structural equation modeling methods were used to examine and analyze the data. The results showed that there is a relationship between organizational structure and organizational learning with the mediating role of employees' organizational intelligence.

organizational intelligence plays a mediating role between organizational structure and organizational learning of employees.

Urban development goes beyond understanding the city as a physical and economic product. Lefebvre's theory of the right to the city is a call to understand the city beyond a material product and believes that urban development requires socio-spatial transformations of the city that both belong to and are the result of its inhabitants. This research has a fundamental-developmental purpose and a qualitative content analysis type, which is adopted to expand the theoretical framework of the right to the city. In this research, the theoretical lens of the right to the city has been used as an analytical framework to explain urban development. Urban development from the point of view of  Lefebvre space production consists of three objective, mental and social spaces, which have three fundamental rights with dialectical orientations, including: the right to appropriation (possession in production and consumption), the right to participation (transformative and reproductive participation) and it forms the right to difference (social and spatial). The right to the city includes the three principles of spatial justice, democracy, and urban vitality, which in urban development, they form content, procedural and diagnostic dimension. Urban development based on the right to the city is an objectively, subjectively and sensibly integrated thing that simultaneously refers to the condemnation of exchange value and prioritizing the value of using urban space. This theoretical framework enables us to dialectically identify the constituents of each city realm and work towards "cities for people, not for profit" and this is a start. A point to change ourselves by changing the city.

The Aralan intrusion is located about 35 Km southwest of Marand in northwestern part of the Central Iran. This intrusion is composed of Codomain granitoid rocks that intruded into Precambrian Kahar Formation. The composition of the intrusion varies from Alkali feldspar granite to granite and mineralogically includes quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, zircon and opaque minerals. These rocks display granular, perthitic, granophyric and myrmekitic textures. Evidences such as decreasing in grain size, cracking, fracturing, twin bending, kinking, recrystallization and myrmekitization indicate the role of shear zone in the study area, which has partly caused some deformation in the study rocks. This intrusion, based on textural evidence, is a hypabyssal intrusion and probably emplaced at low level crust. The study rocks have hypersolvus to transsolvus alkali feldspar textures, calc-alkaline to high K calc-alkaline affinity, high LILE+LREE and low HREE. Comparing with the standard spider diagram pattern for several tectonic setting, the Aralan intrusion is compatible with post-collision and within-plate tectonic setting. The study rocks belong to the A2-type subgroup of A-type granitoids. The Aralan intrusion is associated with tensional phase after finishing the compressional phase of Pan-African orogeny.

The Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton exposed on the eastern edge of the Lut block trending north-south. The Lut block surrounded in the north by the Darone fault, in the south by the Jazmurian fault and in the east and  the  west by Nahbandan and Naiband faults respectively (Naderi Miqan and Akrami, 2006). A number of  investigations have been carried out  by various researchers regarding  how and when the magmatism and volcanism of the Lut Block was initiated among which Eftekharnezhad (1980) can be notable, who predicted the subduction of the oceanic crust towards the west and under the Lut Block based on the volume and time distribution. Saccani et al. (2010) suggested that the subduction of the oceanic crust took place towards the east and under the Afghan block. The closest intrusive bodies to the Zorrati granitoid are the Shah Kouh granitoid, the Deh Salam granitoid, the Chahar Farsakh granitoid, and the Sefidkoh granitoid.

Regional Geology:

This dominant rocks of the pluton under study are  biotite tonalite and syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite together with biotite and tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite, and granite. The ZG consisting of igneous and metasediment enclaves as well as felsic veins and dykes. According to several studies including field observations, petrology, and geochemical studies the rock units make up the studied pluton have possibly different origins.

For lithological and geochemical investigations of the Zorrati granitoid pluton and its tonalitic enclaves, after microscopic studies, 11 fresh samples were selected and sent to the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for XRF and ICP-MS analyses.

Petrography:

The constituent minerals of the granitoid rocks are quartz, plagioclase, microcline, orthoclase, biotite, muscovite and tourmaline.

Whole Rock Chemistry:

The Zorrati granitoid (ZG) is a high potassium calc-alkaline, peraluminous, and S-type granitoid. Trace element plots show at least two trends, which probably point to  different origins for the rock units forming this pluton. The studied rocks are Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb enrichment and depleted in Nb, Sr, P, Ti, and Zr, indicative of the crustal origin of the relevant magmas in a collision zone. Tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite and syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite were formed by melting a clay-rich metapelitic protolith with upper crust origin due to muscovite dehydration without the intervention of the mantle in a continental collision zone. Porphyritic biotite granodiorite along with granite, biotite tonalite, and igneous enclaves were formed by melting of a metagreywacke-poor clay protolith with upper crustal origin due to biotite dehydration without the intervention of the mantle in a collision and a post-collision settings, respectively. Water pressure of ≥5 kbar and temperature of 650 to 700 °C were estimated for the tourmaline-biotite porphyritic granodiorites and the syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite. Likewise, temperature of ~775 °C was determined for the granite, biotite tonalite and igneous enclaves.

Biotite tonalite and syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite units are the two main and large granitoid units  covering most of the area. The other units including granite, biotite, and tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite along with dikes and aplitic and pegmatite veins show high potassium and peraluminous calc-alkaline series related to S-type granites. The remarkable features of these rocks are  of the Rb, Th, U, K, Pb enrichment and the Nb, Sr, P, Ti, and Zr depletion as well as having  different origins and different tectonic environment. For example, the tourmaline-bearing porphyritic granodiorite and syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite were originated by melting of a metapelitic clay-rich source in the upper crust without mantle intervention, in a collisional tectonic environment while  muscovite dehydration plays a significant role. Biotite-bearing porphyritic granodiorite along with granite, biotite-bearing tonalite, and its enclaves formed by melting of a plagioclase-rich metagreywacke in the upper crust without mantle interference, in a collisional and post-collisional tectonic environment, respectively, while dehydration of biotite was involved in their formation. According to their lithological, geochemical, tectonic characteristics and different origin, like the other granitoids in this part of the Lut block (Moradi Noghondar et al., 2012), two different ages of the Middle Jurassic (biotite-bearing tonalite) and the Eocene - Oligocene (syenogranite - alkali feldspar granite) can be suggested for the Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton.

The right to the city in urban development goes beyond the physical form and, at the same time, has a mental and social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the components of right to the city in Bandar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective and objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban development in Bandar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation and the right to difference for the residents have been weakened and ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the city space, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods and parts of the central areas of the city, as well as parts of new developments, the right to the city has been more manifested, and in about 19.8% of the city spaces. Mainly applicable to informal settlements and slums of the city, this right has been undermined and ignored.

This study aimed to evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in oral leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and normal mucosa by immunohistochemistry.

In this study, 45 samples of oral leukoplakia with and without dysplasia of normal mucosa (15 samples per group) were selected from the archives of the oral and maxillofacial pathology department Mashhad dental school. Immunohistochemical evaluation of EGFR expression according to the manufacturer's instructions was performed. The percentage of immunoreactivity was recorded and compared by statistical tests (Chi-square One-way ANOVA Kruskal-WallisMann-Whitney U). 

There was a statistically significant difference among the three groups with regards to EFGR expression (P=0.001). Increased expression of EGFR from normal mucosa to non-dysplastic leukoplakia and dysplastic leukoplakia was observed. There was no statistically significant difference between dysplastic and non-dysplastic leukoplakia.

Increased expression of EGFR was recognized as a key contributing factor for malignant transformations from normal mocusa to non-dysplastic and dysplastic leukoplakia, therefore indicating its role in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosa.

 Testimony as a proof of a lawsuit is a common feature of the jurisprudence and law systems of Iran and Egypt. And through the comparative understanding of its jurisprudential, legal and penal works in the Imami jurisprudence systems and the laws of Iran and Egypt and introducing the weaknesses and strengths of each of them, this important goal was achieved.The findings of the present research, which was conducted in a comparative manner for the first time and in a descriptive-analytical method, show that forced martyrdom in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and Iranian and Egyptian law has common effects, which can be used to determine the order of effect before issuing a verdict. It and the punishment of a witness by force and for after the issuance of the verdict, violation of the verdict, compensation for damages, resumption of proceedings and the punishments corresponding to the crime resulting from the witnessing by force, which in Iranian jurisprudence and law are ta'zir, hudud, retribution and diat, and in Egyptian law, the punishments are proportional to It concluded misdemeanor crimes. Another comparative finding of this research is the special attention of Imami jurisprudence to the punishment of defamation as well as dealing with family law issues such as divorce and marriage, which are considered to be one of the strengths of this legal system, and the absence of these positive works in the laws of Iran and Egypt is one of the shortcomings and weaknesses. The two mentioned systems have been concluded.

The Qazikandi iron ore mineralization is located in the 70 km northwest of Zanjan and belongs to the Central Iran Zone. The rock units in the study area include Precambrian to Cenozoic formations as well as Cretaceous granite bodies. Iron mineralization in the Qazikandi area has occurred in the form of lensoid and vein in the basal part of the Barout Formation with carbonate and shale composition. The main ore minerals consist of magnetite, primary hematite, pyrite, secondary hematite and goethite. The secondary minerals which formed through supergene process and evolved during weathering of magnetite and pyrite are secondary hematite, goethite and lepidocrocite. The alteration in the study mineralization includes chloritization, epidotization, silicic, sericitization and argillic. The current research suggests that the intrusion of plutonic body with granite to quartz-monzonite composition into the Barout Formation has led to the formation of iron mineralization in the area. Due to the intrusion of the plutonic body into the shale parts of the Barout Formation, the hornfels developed and anhydrous minerals such as phlogopite were formed. Following the mineralization in this area, magnetite and then small amounts of primary hematite were formed. The mentioned alteration products developed simultaneously with this stage of mineralization. It is noteworthy that the silicic veins and veinlets which formed after mineralization, have cut the primary phases of mineralization. The field and microscopic evidence suggest that the Qazikandi ore deposit is classified as the magnesian skarn iron ore deposit.

The present research gives an answer to the following fundamental question: How could the ontological view of the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran affect the definition of Iran’s strategic depth? To answer the question, we should first study the foundations of the ontological security of Iran with a focus on the Iranian Constitution and (as a corollary) the views of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei. We then consider the impact of this ontological security on the foreign policy of Iran in general, and its strategic depth in particular. The results indicate that the ontological identity and security of Iran includes the following principles: priority of its Islamic dimension over its Iranian dimension; enmity of Israel; enmity of the US; anti-colonialism and non-committal to the great powers; the significance of Palestine for the Islamic world and the importance of the Axis of Resistance. These characteristics of the identity of the Islamic Republic result in ontological and physical security threats from the US, Israel, and the regional powers that are allied with them. As a consequence, Iran devises its strategic depth to counter these threats. It goes without saying that the military threats arising from these identity contradictions remarkably contribute to the formation of this strategic depth and the spheres of influence. The Islamic Republic prioritizes identity issues, and according to religious and ideological principles, under vital circumstances, this identity security is prior to physical security. To fulfill its ontological and physical security, the Islamic Republic of Iran pursues the deepening of its strategic depth. At present, it does so with the aim of inhibiting and countering the threats of its actual regional enemy; that is, Israel.

Double layer Cation Exchange Membranes (DLCEMs) have been prepared by surface polymerization of dopamine-co-POSS nanoparticles on a PVC based heterogeneous cation exchange membrane. FTIR and FESEM images proved relatively uniform forming of intended DLCEMs. The FESEM images illustrated almost integrity dispensation of nanoparticles through the surface layer. Results represented that developing nanocomposite layer resulted in surface hydrophilicity enhancement. The obtained data for Cu2+ and Cr2+ removal percentage for the prepared membranes represents higher capacity for DLCEMs to remove heavy metals compared to pristine cationic membrane. Also membranes showed higher Cr2+ removal capacity rather than Cu2+. The membrane surface modification by introducing PDA nanocomposite also caused to improving sodium permeability and flux. Furthermore, transport number and permselectivity of the prepared CEMs generally follow an increasing procedure nearly. It should be noticed that incorporation of POSS nanoparticles into the surface layer resulted in electrical resistance reduction obviously.

One of the factors that sometimes leads to the complete destruction of vineyards is the danger of temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature hazards on the destruction of the western and northwestern vineyards of Iran.The results show that the most frequent days with a devastating cold wave in the region's vineyards occur on average on January 14 (January 25th). The lowest critical temperature among meteorological stations is related to Saghez weather station in Kurdistan province with negative 33 ° C and afterwards, Hamadan, Bostanabad and Sarab cities with record temperatures below 30 ° C. The cities of the study area are. The results showed that 60% of the studied cities with all available Iranian and foreign cultivars could survive the cold season without the threat of severe winter cold conditions.

Makran amphibolites are exposed in different locations in the northern Makran ophiolitic belt. Based on lithological studies and mineral assemblages in these rocks, they are containing ordinary amphibolite (oriented and massive), garnet-pyroxene amphibolite, epidote-garnet amphibolite and marble. The minerals that made up ordinary amphibolites (oriented and massive) include amphibole, plagioclase, zircon apatite, quartz and sphene. In addition to these minerals, garnet and pyroxene are found in garnet-pyroxene amphibolites. In addition, epidote, garnet and pyroxene are found in epidote-garnet amphibolites. Also, marbles are containing calcite with a distinct cleavage, quartz and amphibole. Geochemistry of amphibolites shows that these amphibolites are of igneous origin with basaltic protolith that originate from an enriched mantle. Amphibolite samples of the region have relatively similar composition based on the diagrams of changes of normalized rare earth elements to chondrite and N-MORB and are also similar to mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB) as well as within plate volcanic zone (WPVZ) basalts in terms of geochemical properties.

Imprisonment is a difficult and stressful experience for both the prisoner and his family, especially their wives; the long separation of prisoners from society and family leads to many negative consequences in their spouses. This study aimed to investigating the effectiveness of an intervention based on family re-integration on resilience, intimacy and marital satisfaction of wives of prisoners who are nearby to be released.

This was a semi-experimental study that conducted a pre-test post-test design with a control group. 30 spouses of prisoners among the families supported by Ardakan Prisoners' Support Association were randomly selected as a sample and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions of intervention based on family re-integration, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The participants of both groups answered the resilience questionnaires (Connor & Davidson, 2003), intimacy scale (Bagaroozi, 2001) and marital satisfaction questionnaire (Olson, 1998) before and after intervention sessions. Data were analyzed using multiway analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) via SPSS software.Findings and

The results showed that in the experimental group, as compared to control group, the intervention based on family re-integrations led to a significant increase in the resilience, intimacy and marital satisfaction of the prisoners' wives (p<.01). This finding shows that before the release of male prisoners, the use of family re-integrations interventions can lead to improvement of resilience, intimacy and marital satisfaction of their wives.

Esophageal cancer is an invasive tumor with rapid growth and a poor prognosis. The annual incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States is 6 per 100 000 men and 1.6 per 100 000 women. This is different in the case of Iran, and the number of patients in the country is higher than in other countries. In this evaluation, the researchers present the experience with open Transhiatal Esophagectomy (Orringer) technique outcomes.

This study aimed at evaluating the Orringer technique and its complications in patients with esophageal cancer for 25 years at the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive study conducted from the beginning of 1988 to 2016. In this study, 114 patients with a mean age of 55 years and a gender classification of 60% male and 40% female were evaluated.

After resection, more than 98% of patients were in the T3 N1 - N3 stage. There were 4 mortalities: 2 were due to descending aorta tearing, 1 was due to tracheobronchial tearing, and 1 was pneumonia From 40 cases of pleural effusion, only 5 cases (12.5%) needed a thoracotomy tube. Only 2 patients needed intervention from 30 patients with dysphagia; 1 case was relieved by balloon dilatation and the other needed a free jejunal flap. Five-year survivals were 30% and 20% versus 48% and 23% in the neoadjuvant and non-neoadjuvant groups, respectively.

The present studyandother experiencesshowedthat non-radical surgery such as the Orringer technique is acceptable and compassable compared to radical surgery in 3 fields.

Amphibolites are a major component of the northern Makran ophiolite belts. They include both foliated and massive types. They are diverse in mineralogy and include amphibolite, garnet-pyroxene amphibolite, and epidote-garnet amphibolite. In addition to plagioclase and amphibole, which are the main constituent phases, other minerals such as zircon, sphene and quartz are also found in amphibolites. According to mineral chemistry, the amphiboles in these rocks are calcic type, and compositionally range from magnesian to ferrohornblende. Geothermobarometry of the amphiboles indicates a pressure ≤ 7 kbar (4-6 kbar) and a temperature range of 750-800°C. Thus, geothermobarometry of amphiboles shows that the Makran amphibolites were metamorphosed at high-temperature and low to medium pressure metamorphic facies (Abukuma-type metamorphism).

The corona crisis has led to the spread of poverty in some countries and the increase of abused teenagers who have unfavorable social adaptation. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to determine the factor structure and validate the California Social Adjustment Scale in abused adolescents in Kerman City.

This descriptive study was done using psychometric method. The statistical population included all abused teenagers in Kerman City in 2021. Based on psychometric criteria, the number of samples was determined as 360 people for exploratory factor analysis, 250 people for confirmatory factor analysis, and 100 people for convergence validity. The samples were selected by random sampling method. Research information was collected through two questionnaires, the short form of California Social Adjustment Scale and Bell's Social Adjustment Questionnaire in printed form. Content validity, convergent validity, and factor analysis methods were used to check the validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by the methods of internal consistency and split-half  reliability (halving).

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the short form of the California Social Adaptation Questionnaire consists of six factors and has good validity and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the six-factor model. This questionnaire was implemented together with Bell's Social Adjustment Questionnaire, which had good reliability and validity with 24 items (p<0.001).

According to the results of this research which showed that the 24-item California Social Adjustment Scale has good reliability and validity, this scale can be used to evaluate social adjustment in abused teenagers.

As mentioned in many urban studies, contemporary cities are facing many problems and challenges. Lefebvre was one of the first to reveal the essential role of urban development in general and urban space production in particular in the reproduction of capitalist relations as the main issue of cities. According to him, this role went far beyond the simple production of urban space as a tradable commodity in the market. He argued that capitalism in the 20th century survived not only by organizing production in space but also by organizing the production of space itself. Therefore, Lefebvre proposed the right to the city as a socio-spatial concept and a call to create a livable and just city; however, as Marcuse has stated, it is not clear what this city will look like in the end. The right to the city in urban development requires creating codes and redefining concepts in order to improve cities' conditions. In this article, we seek to draw a framework for urban development by exploring the concept of the ri g ht  to the city , acity that lefebvre refers to asa work of art .

The current research is of a qualitative type, and the qualitative content analysis method was used to draw a framework for the conceptual expansion of urban development from the perspective of the theory of the right to the city. The source of data collection is documents and a purposeful sampling method was used to collect data. Reaching the theoretical saturation to achieve the goal of the research was achieved by examining the number of 155 cases. The research coding system includes the theme, category, subcategory, and sign or code, which draws categories or conceptual maps in a comparative approach in a systematic way.

The results show that the right of possession, the right to participation, and the right to difference form the three economic, political, and social necessities of urban development, respectively. The right to possession consists of two categories of the social function of real estate and land and the right to fair spatial distribution. Also, the right to urban citizenship, democratic participation, and democratic governance are the main categories of the right to participation. Finally, the right to difference is the symbolic dimension of urban development, which includes the categories of socio-spatial priority, environmental justice, diverse and lively urban space, and the right to creativity. These categories guarantee spatial justice, democracy, and vitality in urban development. From the perspective of the right to the city, spatial justice in urban development includes fair distribution of urban resources and services (substantive justice), respect for the environment and urban communities (diagnostic justice), and fair structure and processes in decision-making (procedural justice). Achieving spatial justice from the point of view of the right to the city cannot be achieved except by linking people with the city space. This concept implies Lefebvre's insistence on the central role of residents. This requires having the right to urban citizenship, democratic participation in the production of space, and democratic governance in the transformation of the city space. Also, Lefebvre searches for urban vitality in the lived experience of city residents and mentions it as one of the three aspects of urban development, where social relations and practices are mediated through it.

The concept of the right to the city does not include separate and multiple rights but is defined in a relational way. Here, we define the three concepts of the right to occupy the space, the right to participate in the production of space, and the right to difference as concepts arising from the right to the city in urban development, which includes the substantive, procedural, and diagnostic dimensions, respectively. The model of urban development based on the right to the city expands a set of concepts and tools for fundamental changes in the city space, which provides the possibility of collective ownership and production of space by residents based on the value of its use. To achieve this principle, citizens should demand spatial justice, urban democracy, and urban vitality from the concepts of right of possession, right to participation, and right to difference. Therefore, the right to the city does not include separate and multiple rights but is defined in a relational way. This right has substantive dimensions (right to possession), procedural (right to participation), and diagnosis (right to difference). Although it refers to different parts, it is completely intertwined and the right is a triple whole, not a set of individual and separate rights.

Sign languages commonly serve as an alternative or complementary mode of human communication Tracking is one of the most fundamental problems in computer vision, and use in a long list of applications such as sign languages recognition. Despite great advances in recent years, tracking remains challenging due to many factors including occlusion, scale variation, etc. The mistake detecting of head or left hand instead of right hand in overlapping are, modes like this, and due to the uncertainty of the hand area over the deaf news video frames; we proposed two methods first, tracking using particle filter and second tracking using the idea of the rough set theory in granular information with deep neural network. We proposed the method for Combination the Rough Set with Deep Neural Network and used for in Hand/Head Tracking in Video Signal DeafNews. We develop a tracking system for Deaf News. We used rough set theory to increase the accuracy of skin segmentation in video signal. Using deep neural network, we extracted inherent relationships available in the frame pixels and generalized the achieved features to tracking. The system proposed is tested on the 33 of Deaf News with 100 different words and 1927 video files for words then recall, MOTA and MOTP values are obtained.