mohammad hasan yazdani

Urban landscapes are considered one of the most important urban spaces and can play an important role in creating a sense of happiness for citizens; for this reason, they should be the focus of experts and examined from different perspectives. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to analyze and identify the indicators of planning and designing a happy urban landscape.

In order to achieve the research goal, library resources were used to write the introduction and interview experts in the field in two stages to obtain the indicators, with a sample size of 24 experts. In the first interview, the indicators were obtained, then in the second interview, the importance of the indicators was determined by forming an actor-target matrix. Subsequently, the obtained data was entered into the MACTOR software and ATLAS.ti software and analyzed.

The results showed the indicators of the existence of green spaces and urban parks, the existence of places for social interactions, having security and safety, using diversity and color balance, prioritizing the role of humans in urban spaces, the existence of sidewalks and The existence of spaces for the most frequent recreational activities, the indicators of the existence of green spaces and urban parks and prioritizing the role of humans in the most important urban spaces and the indicators of the existence of green spaces and urban parks, the existence of places for social interactions, having security and Safety, taking advantage of diversity and color balance and prioritizing the role of humans in urban spaces are the most converging indicators. In general, experts should make the human-centeredness index of urban spaces the main criteria in their planning and designs in order to increase the desire of citizens to be active and happy in cities with the importance of human role.

The public transportation network is a set of people, facilities and infrastructure equipment whose ultimate goal is to move passengers en masse in cities; Therefore, increasing the quality of the public transport fleet helps to improve the traffic situation and reduce pollution in the cities, and provides more vitality and freshness to the citizens and cities. The aim of the current research is to investigate the level of satisfaction of citizens with the intra-city transportation network in Ardabil city. The current research is included in the qualitative research group. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is the semi-structured in-depth interview technique and in the quantitative part, it includes a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of four questions: facilities and services, transportation speed, behavior and treatment of drivers, and suggestions. ATLAS ti software and coding method were used for data analysis.In this regard, 26 citizens of Ardabil were interviewed and each interview lasted from 20 to 50 minutes. The findings of the data processing of the research showed that in the department of facilities and services, wear and tear of the transport fleet and unsuitable seats, in the department of transport speed, the slowness of movement and the time it takes to reach the destination, and in the department of drivers' behavior, compliance with the rules of guidance are the most important indicators. They make up the bus system in Ardabil city. Also, the analysis of the findings from the interviews with the citizens showed that the replacement of worn-out buses and the increase of special bus routes are the most important suggestions to improve the performance of the bus system in Ardabil city

Advanced public transportation is one of the indicators of development in today's modern planning field, even though it can be called as an urban network; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the level of satisfaction of citizens with the intra-city public transportation network in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research includes 27 bus stations in the five regions of Ardabil city. The sample size in the studied community was 400 passengers who were randomly selected on the way and inside the bus during the early hours of the morning, afternoon and evening.For the final evaluation and analysis of the data, T-test statistical tests were used in the SPSS software environment, and structural equation modeling was used in the AMOS software environment to explain and model the effects. The studied ranges are with the averages of 2.17, 2.4, 2.29 and 2.26, respectively, which are below the average level of quality, and also the analysis of the findings resulting from structural equation modeling shows that the Rmsea factor load value is equal to (0.69) which indicates the proper fit of the research model.Also, the results of the analysis of the second-order factor model showed that the dimension of satisfaction with transportation speed has the highest factor load with a weight of (0.93) and then each of the dimensions of satisfaction with the behavior and treatment of drivers and satisfaction with facilities and services. Shared bus system has a factor load (0.93) and finally, the lowest factor load belongs to the dimension of satisfaction with the development of public transportation with a factor weight (0.80)

The type of research based on the purpose is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method.The method of collecting information is a library that has been examined in the form of aquestionnaire tool (made by a researcher)The research variables that have been effective on the occurrence of neurodegenerative and mental diseases include (environment, quality of urban furniture and access to medical services). For the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and the obtained alpha value is (778/.)The statistical population of the research is the number of people suffering from brain, nervous and mental diseases in the city of Ardabil between 1399 and 1401The findings indicate that based on the opinions of the statistical community (neurological and psychiatric patients), the quality of environmental factors with an average of 2.79, its management is at a medium to low level. From the point of view of neuropsychiatric patients, the quality of urban furniture in Ardabil city with an average of (2.33) is not desirable and does not have the necessary beauty, security and efficiency when in use, and it causes stress in them, as well as access to medical services. And urban transportation with the average obtained (2.8) in Ardabil city is average and downward. Based on the findings of the research and the opinions ofneuropsychiatric patients in the urban environment and the three indicators used in the research, it has an effect on mental disorders and the occurrence of stress and anxiety in them. According to the high statistics of stress and anxiety in Ardabil city, if this issue If it is not taken into consideration by city managers and planners, it will cause an increase in the number of mental disorders and the occurrence of brain and nerve diseases among the citizens of Ardabil city.

Currently house is not considered only a shelter. It embraces physical place, residential environment, and all services and necessity facilities for having a good life. The stability of houses is very important. There are many similarities between housing and its stability and it is clear that most par of planning is done for solving the problems of low-income groups of society including Iran. For solving housing problems of low-income groups in Iran, various policies have been implemented to increase their financial ability. Mehr Housing is one of the new patterns that the Iranian governments have proposed and executed for low-income groups. It seems that this policy means that economical aspects has been more emphasized by the governments than in-separated part or sustainable aspect. Ardabil city is not an exception to this rule. Considering the issue, the current study tried to investigate the low-income groups’ condition and evaluate housing stability and then rank and categorize various regions of the city.

Current study is applied in terms of the aim. It used analytical-descriptive method to achieve the purposes it sought. Statistical population of this study included all of citizens of Ardabil. The sample size was determined to be 385 persons. Sampling was done using classified random method (considering the population of every region) from the mentioned population. Data collection was done using library sources. Moreover, field method was used for studying the background and identifying the variables. It should be mentioned that the study instrument was a researcher-based questionnaire. The reliability was confirmed by experts. The coefficient was 0.896, measured through Cronbach alpha. The number shows that the questionnaire recorded a high confidence level. To analysis the data, different methods were used. To see satisfaction with the houses, single- t-test was used in SPSS Software. KOPRAS model was used for ranking urban regions using Excel software. Moreover, Arc GIS Software was used to produce maps. In order to study variables priority or their weights, entropy model was used in Excel software and for determining the level of urban regions, cluster analysis was applied in SPSS Software.

One of the main aims of the current study was investigating people’s satisfaction with houses that people could effort. For achieving the goal, single t-test was used. Results showed that except for economic, physical, and security criteria, other criteria that were measured for Ardabil city recorded middle or high levels. Generally speaking, Ardabil city ranked middle position (3.08) regarding the satisfaction of citizens with affordable houses.
Another aim of this study was measuring the satisfaction with affordable houses in 5 regions of Ardabil city. The results showed that accessibility to urban services, sense of belonging, neighbor relations, security, and ecological issues are in better situations in Region 1 than in other regions. Regarding the physical and economical dimensions, Regions 3 of Ardabil has a good condition. Since all criteria are not of equal significance, more accurate evaluation was needed to determine relative weights. So, entropy method was used for the seven criteria of this study. Entropy method output showed that the indices of satisfaction with affordable houses had different weights. Accessibility to urban services recorded the highest level (0.184), the value for physical issues recorded to be 0.158, the value for economic index was 0.153, for security was 0.144, for neighbor relations was 0.141, for sense of belonging was 0.114, and for ecological dimension was 0.106.
After measuring the weights, ranking urban regions was started. KOPRAS model was used for satisfaction with affordable houses in different regions of Ardabil. The results showed that the highest amount of satisfaction with affordable houses in Ardabil city regarding seven criteria belonged to region 1 and the lowest amount belonged to region 5. Analytical method was used for ranking different regions of Ardabil city regarding the stability of the houses. It became clear that the five regions of Ardabil were determined to be middle satisfaction cluster (Region 1), low satisfaction (Regions 2 and 3), and very low satisfaction (Regions 4 and 5).

Generally, the results showed that residents’ satisfaction with the affordable houses of Ardabil city is at a middle level. The results have to do with the low level of satisfaction with economical dimension and high level of satisfaction with ecological dimension and accessibility to urban services. Another conclusion of this study is that the satisfaction with affordable houses differs from a region to another. Satisfaction is relative as it can be different from one region to another region (due to place differences). It is evident that regions embracing residential places located in the old texture of the city have a better condition rather than other regions in terms of satisfaction due to access to urban and economical services and culture textures. Region 1 of Ardabil (located in the central part of the city) is more satisfying than other regions due to proper access to urban services and as the native people of the city live in the region (security criteria). People of other regions are less satisfied with their places due to weak accessibility to urban services and as many immigrants have moved to their regions.

Informal settlements are considered as centers of danger and center of accumulation all kinds of social damage and crime, and they are among the most problematic and fragile neighborhoods compared to other urban neighborhoods. Based on this, the main goal the current research is investigate the social harms the neighborhoods of Ardabil city with an emphasis on lower urban neighborhoods for future planning.The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 15 informal settlements of Ardabil city. 6 components (economic, environmental, socio-cultural, family, individual-psychological, management) were used to evaluate the factors affecting social damage in the suburbs of Ardabil. LISREL and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.The results the one-sample T-test showed that all the investigated components are among the effective factors in social damage in the lower urban areas of Ardabil. The significance level of the variables was also less than 0.05. Given that all the investigated components had a factor load greater than 0.4, the results of the path coefficient (β) indicate positive relationships between the research variables. Also, the value of the RMSEA coefficient was equal to (0.71) and the chi-square coefficient was (41.35), so it can be claimed that the research model has a good and favorable fit.Among the investigated components in the current research, the highest average is assigned to the economic and managerial variables, and the lowest average is assigned to the individual-psychological variable.

Mosques, as a third place, have had various functions since the beginning of Islam until today. Apart from prayers and rituality, these religious and cultural places have always played a significant role in socio-cultural affairs and strengthening high human ideals. The purpose of the current research is to explain the role of mosques as a third place in the social sustainability of Khorramabad city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type. The statistical sample of the research includes 150 citizens of Khorramabad city, who were surveyed in a simple random way using Sample Power software. SPSS26 and AMOS24 software were applied for data analysis. The results of the single-sample T-test of the research showed that mosques with an average of 2.92 have an inconsiderable role in the social stability of Khorramabad city. Also, the results of the second-order factor model of the research showed that among the studied dimensions, the political-cultural dimension with a load factor of 0.98 has the most impact and the social and economic dimension with a load factor of 0.42 has the least impact in Khorramabad city. Finally, the results of the analysis of the course of the structural model of the research showed that achieving social sustainability through mosques in Khorramabad city by improving the effective indicators in the six dimensions of social capital, social interactions and increasing the sense of bonding, free exchanging the opinions and votes, strengthening social solidarity and strengthening morale. With weighted covariance of 0.49, 0.48, 0.47, 0.42, 0.32 and 0.19 is conceivable.

Following the increase in the population of cities and the development of urban life, cities have always faced all kinds of physical, social, economic, and environmental problems. In today's era, solving these problems has become the most important challenge for urban planners. In this regard, planning with the approach of urban livability can create the necessary capacities to deal with these problems. Meanwhile, informal settlements can be considered forgotten and unplanned parts compared to other urban areas, which are very fragile in terms of livability. Therefore, the aim of this research is to measure the informal settlements of Ardabil city based on urban livability indicators and to prioritize them for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required data have been collected through field methods. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 15 informal settlements of Ardabil city. In order to measure the level of livability in the removal areas, the relevant indicators were used using the weighting entropy method, and the target areas were ranked using decision-making techniques, and the Cape Land integration technique was used to achieve the final prioritization. Based on the components used in the present research and the results of the implementation of various decision-making techniques, Salman Abad neighborhood ranked first and Iran Abad neighborhood ranked last in terms of livability with the lowest score. Therefore, it is necessary to plan to improve livability indicators according to the strengths and weaknesses and priorities of each neighborhood.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the distribution pattern of land uses in the district 3 of Ahvaz. Land uses were evaluated at the regional, district and neighborhood levels by calculating indices of Compactness, Herfindahl-Hirschman, Fragmentation, Simpson’s Diversity, Entropy, Built-up Land Density, and analytical tools available in ArcGIS software, including ANN, DD and GWR analyzes. Therefore, this research was done with a practical purpose and a descriptive method, and the data was collected by a library method. It should be mentioned that so far a few articles have been written on the evaluation of the pattern of land use distribution by these methods and also on the case of the district 3 of Ahvaz. The study showed that in the district 3 of Ahvaz city, the existing per capita land uses wer 12 m2 higher than the standard per capita. Zone 2 had the highest density and compactness and zone 3 had the highest dispersion. Despite this, the pattern of distribution of land uses in the zone 3 showed more mixture, diversity, concentration and continuity. Spatial distribution of 46% of land uses was highly clustered and the land use direction towards the center of the district was favorable. This orientation attracted the population in the center of the district. As a result, Land uses in three Ahvaz regions do not have proper distribution and it is necessary to prepare a plan to organize land use.

The healthcare as one of the most important social sections has decisive role in the health of the community members in every community; so, it is underlined by all of the countries in the field of social welfare as one of the universal human rights. The present study aims to evaluate Ardabil's rural districts to possess Healthcare services with space justice approach. This research is practical and descriptive-evaluative in terms of purpose and nature respectively. For this purpose, 13 healthcare indicators were selected according to different texts and available statistics and they were weighed by entropy method and they were determined using this data in order to analyze in different methods (Topsis, Vicor, Saw) and the Copland method was finally determined for development level of healthcare services from the view point of spatial justice in Ardabil's villages. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was also used to examine the relationship among the rural districts development with the population and its distance from metropolitan centers. The obtained results of each method reveals that each of the models indicates different levels of healthcare development in view of spatial justice. So, an integration technique was used as Copeland in order to get general consensus. The results obtained from the performance of Copeland technique revealed that Rezagholi-Ghashlaghi, Dojagh and the Angote Sharghi were in the first grade and Vilkije-markazi, Meshgine-sharghi and Yortchie-gharbi were in the final grade respectively due to have the healthcare indicators. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between the rural districts' development with the population and their distance from civil centers. The obtained results of the rural districts' ranking based on development grade regarding healthcare indicators in view of spatial justice reveal that Ardabil's rural districts are in an unequal state in terms of having their healthcare indicators. According to the research results, it is proposed that the rural districts with lower grade in terms of the healthcare indicators (more deprived) should be in priority for planning and application of development projects.

​The Mehr housing project is one of the biggest projects, and due to its extent, it is necessary to examine the results of this experience. Given that in 2017, the twelfth government put the national housing action plan on its agenda, the evaluation of Mehr housing complexes can have a positive effect on the implementation of the national housing plan. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the quality of Mehr housing complexes in Ardebil city, which is a step towards the optimal planning of the national housing plan. The statistical population of the research includes 20 experts. In order to evaluate and prioritize the studied complexes, eight parameters (facilities and services, physical, social, lighting and ventilation, pollution, access, environmental, and economic) were used. In this regard, the target sites were prioritized using the MABAC model. The GIS software was also used to better represent the output. The findings showed that Mehr Waliasr housing (Sham Esbi) is in first place with a score of 0.485 and is a good condition, while Mehr Mirasharf housing is ranked last with a score of -0.385 and is in a very unfavorable situation. Mehr Pileh Saharan housing is ranked second with a score of 0.070, which shows the relatively good condition of this complex. The results of the research reveal that in the planning, construction, and implementation of Mehr housing complexes, quantitative and project aspects have surpassed their quality. Therefore, it is hoped that these shortcomings will be overcome in the national housing plan

The entrance of the city is one of the most important elements of the image and urban landscape, but now we are witnessing the cities where there is no sign of an entrance space with the desirable characteristics that it should have. Ardabil city is also among them, despite the fact that this city is one of the historical cities that welcomes thousands of tourists and citizens at all times of the year. But there are many flaws and inadequacies in the appearance and meaning of the entrances of this city that cannot be ignored. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the appearance and landscape of Ardabil city with an emphasis on the entrances of the city. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and field surveys was used. In this regard, SPSS software and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the research was people living in the entrances of Ardabil city. The findings of the research showed that the average objective dimension of each of the entrances under study indicates that the Tabriz-Ardebil entrance is in a relatively favorable condition compared to other entrances, and the entrance of Ithar Square is in an unfavorable condition. Regarding the perceptual-mental dimension, the Tabriz-Ardebil entrance has a relatively good condition, and the Fatemiyoun square entrance is in an unfavorable condition. In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that except for the entrance of Tabriz-Ardebil (Basij Square) which is in a relatively good condition, the other entrances of the target in both objective and perceptual-subjective dimensions have obtained an average below the average (3). which justifies their unfavorable situation. Therefore, it is necessary to manage and organize these inputs by urban planners and managers

Considering the dynamics of cities, their transformation over time is inevitable. Nowadays, in the study of urban issues, the recognition and analysis of urban morphology is of particular importance in the investigation of phenomena and their developments. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to measure the morphological changes of Ardabil city by using the spatial layout analysis method (in the framework of the plans and programs of Ardabil city). In this research, in order to investigate the morphology of the city based on the changes in the correlation index of the extracted data related to the analysis of the axial line map in Space Syntax Network and Arc Gis software. QGIS has been studied during the periods (1307-1340) and (1340-1355). The results of the research showed that the difference between the highest and the lowest interconnectedness in the context of Ardabil city in the first period is less than the second period. This indicates that the city of Ardabil in the period 1307-1340 compared to the period 1340-1355 had a more homogeneous structure and characteristics. In general, based on the results of this study, it can be said that one of the most important influencing factors in the changes in the fabric of Ardabil city during the passage of time has been the inter-connectivity changes caused by physical-spatial changes.

One of the most effective and attractive points of any city is its entrance scenery, which leaves an impressive memory in the mind of every viewer, considering that the entrance in every city is a space through which the observer has the first visual and perceptual communication. establishes with the city. Therefore, the quality of this space has a considerable effect on the perceptual experience of the observer, as a result, it is considered as one of the most important urban spaces, the field of action of urban planners and designers, nowadays it is one of the most important issues that the opinion of architects, planners and designers has turned the city towards itself, the issue is the need to improve the quality of the view and the urban landscape in the framework of the visual-aesthetic component of the quality of the environment. It seems that not alone, but in addition to the improvement of other environmental quality components, such as functional-activity, semantic-perceptual and environmental components, can provide a basis for improving the quality of the environment in the public areas of the city in this direction. Ardabil city is also among the historical cities with an outstanding urban identity and history as one of the main tourist destinations. But in spite of its special features in terms of cultural and historical burden and its outstanding location, the entrances of this city are one of the most problematic urban spaces that are struggling with numerous and diverse systems. Since the continuation of these evil practices can have negative effects on the social, cultural and economic status of this city. Therefore, evaluating the quality of these inputs is considered the most important challenge for urban planners and designers in order to improve the quality of the urban image and landscape and create a favorable mental image for people. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the quality of the aesthetic dimension of the entrances of Ardabil city, which seeks to answer the following question:Based on the aesthetic criteria, how is the prioritization of the entrances of Ardabil?

Based on the approvals of the Ardabil city council and municipality and the approval of the governorate and ministries of the country, this city is divided into five municipal districts, 15 urban districts and 51 main neighborhoods. Currently, the city of Ardabil has spread over an area of more than 6200 hectares and according to the general population and housing census of 2015 of the Statistics Center of Iran, it has a population of 529,374 people (Nobukht et al., 2019: 285). The scope of the current research is the 5 main axis of Ardabil city, which determines the connection of this city with the surrounding areas. These entrance axes are: Tabriz-Ardebil entrance (Basij Square); Entrance of Moghan - Ardabil (Vahdat Square); Tehran-Ardebil entrance (Isar Square); Astara-Ardebil entrance (Fatemiyoun square) and Astara gate The research method of this research is based on descriptive-analytical method and is practical in terms of purpose. In order to collect data, library and survey methods have been used, the research statistical community also consists of experts, and in this regard, using the snowball method, 10 experts were identified in the area of the investigated problem. A five-point Likert scale (1=very low, 2=low, 3=moderate, 4=high, 5=very high) was used to evaluate the questions. Idas model is one of the new multi-criteria decision making techniques. Idas model means evaluation based on the distance from the average solution and this technique is used to rank options. In methods such as Topsis or Vicor, we measure the desired option based on the distance from the positive and negative ideal, that is, the desired option is the one that has the smallest distance from the positive ideal and the largest distance from the negative ideal. But in the Idas method, the best solution is related to the distance from the average solution (AV). In this method, we do not need to calculate positive and negative ideals, but we consider two criteria to evaluate the desirability of options; The first measure is the positive distance from the mean (PDA) and the second is the negative distance from the mean (NDA).

Considering that the entrance of the city is the first space of the city and guides travelers into the city, therefore the first mental image of a city is formed through the entrance. Therefore, a successful entrance is an entrance that can create a favorable image in the traveler's mind while entering the city. Despite the importance of this topic in today's era, due to the unmeasured expansion of cities, the entrances not only lack coherent planning, but have degraded to such an extent in terms of quality that in their spatial design, often only visible elements are planned to remind the concept of entry, embedding a It is a welcome sign that shows the entrance to the city. Therefore, these spaces have become the forgotten parts of the city. Since the entrances of the city are one of the main components of the physical and spatial structure of the city, the disorderly condition of these entrances can reduce the cohesion of the urban landscape and the cultural load of the city and disrupt its cultural and social image. Therefore, due to the importance of the appearance and landscape of city entrances in the urban identity in order to achieve the category of urban environment quality, it is inevitable. Therefore, in this research, relying on this main assumption, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the quality of the aesthetic aspect of the entrances of Ardabil city. . Also, according to experts' opinions based on a 5-point Likert spectrum, the quality of Tabriz-Ardebil entrance is above average (3); Astara-Ardebil (Fatemiyoun Square) and Astara-Ardebil (Astara Gate) on average; The entrances of Mughan-Ardebil and Tehran-Ardebil have been evaluated below the average level and at a weak level. After selecting the criteria and options, the weight of the criteria has also been calculated by Shannon's entropy model. In this research, the goal is to analyze and rank the entrances of Ardabil city based on aesthetic indicators. By ranking, you can find out the status of the options, which means that by comparative comparison, you can find out which ones are in a good condition and which ones are in an unfavorable condition, so that the necessary measures can be taken in this case. Based on this, in this research, the entrances of Ardabil city have been studied using the Idas model. In the following, the results of the implementation of this model in the Excel environment are given. According to the results of the Idas model, in a general conclusion, the entrance of Tabriz-Ardebil with the highest ASi score is in the first place, the entrance of Astara-Ardebil (Fatiyoun Square) with a score of (0.823) is in the second place; Astara-Ardebil entrance (Astara gate) with Amitaz (0.718) in the third place, then Moghan-Ardebil entrance with a score of (0.538) and Tehran-Ardebil entrance with Amitaz (0.428) respectively in the fourth place and Chenjam have been placed. Also, according to the opinion of experts based on a 5-point Likert scale, the quality of Tabriz-Ardebil input is above average (3); Astara-Ardebil (Fatemiyoun Square) and Astara-Ardebil (Astara Gate) on average; The entrances of Moghan-Ardebil and Tehran-Ardebil are lower than average and evaluated at a weak level

Health is the people's inalienable right, and its provision is considered a social goal. The need for health services is planned based on the condition of human societies for survival and maintenance of Health and its promotion in communities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and evaluate the status of primary health care and how to provide services to related institutions in the sheds of suburbs of Ardabil. The present research cross-sectionally evaluated the status of primary health care indicators in the suburbs of Ardabil. Research data were collected through the library and field methods, and the tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire that was distributed and completed among all supervisors. The essential aspects of the questionnaire were considered by emphasizing the comprehensiveness of services and components related to the category of primary health care. The results showed that the condition of primary health care components in the study areas is not good. Also, the mean rank of influential research variables in primary health care is not equal, so the highest mean (3.41) belongs to immunization against major infectious diseases, and the lowest norm (1.45) belongs to the preparedness variable. Dealing with natural disasters shows the importance of improving the Health of citizens and protecting them against major infectious diseases by taking the necessary measures. Considering that Health is an inalienable right of every human being, therefore, the fair distribution of health services and social and economic resources related to this field should be the top priority of those in charge, which requires a careful review of the principles. We are providing health services and well-codified planning in this regard, motivating people to enjoy it. In addition, public Health should be involved in self-care and provide the basis for the participation of residents and the private sector in all stages.

the city of Ardabil with its unique characteristics is an important example of the historical cities of Iran, whose physical analysis requires a more comprehensive research approach. This city was the cultural origin of the Safavids during the Safavid period and inspired the developments of other Iranian cities during this period. Developments that were rooted in a special culture that arose in Ardabil. The historical core of this city, like other Iranian cities, has been affected by the hasty actions resulting from industrial development and modernism, and it has suffered many problems. In addition, the worn-out tissues of this city have many complexities and physical-spatial problems in terms of morphology, which has caused the quality of life in this city to decrease. Therefore, the spatial and physical organization of this city requires a systemic and comprehensive approach and macro planning. Therefore, in the present research, the morphology and formation of problematic tissues in Ardabil city has been investigated and analyzed over time. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the question, what are the changes in the morphology of Ardabil city during the periods (1373-1355) and (1373-present)?.

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. In order to analyze the morphology of the city of Ardabil, the analysis of space arrangement (co-linking) has been used. In this study, using the map analysis method, to investigate the morphology of Ardabil city and its changes and developments during the periods (1373-1355) and (1373-until now) in Ardabil city level using the parameter (interconnection as the main feature of the layout Space) has been done with the help of Autocad Civil 3D 2017 and Arc Gis software. In order to carry out the research process, it was first prepared using documents and manual maps related to the initial periods of growth and development in the municipality, and other maps were prepared with the help of the Tafadili plan map of Ardabil city with the application of physical changes related to each period, as maps The basis for drawing the axial line was done by considering the principles governing how to draw the lines in the studied courses with the help of AutoCAD software. Then, urban blocks were removed and the remaining linear layers were saved. In order to continue the work, each of the maps were reread using the Syntax Space plugin in the Arc Gis environment, which is one of the spatial arrangement analysis tools, and the spatial analysis parameter was performed by detecting the degree of connectivity, and the map and descriptive table were obtained from the results. The output was taken. In the continuation of the work process, in order to better understand the spatial analysis, by executing the commands related to the classification of the values along with the graphic display, the data output was saved in the form of tables, graphs and graphic maps, and these data were the criteria for descriptive analysis in different periods. it placed. The analysis was based on the evaluation and analysis of the correlation average and the correlation difference (difference between the highest and the lowest degree of correlation).

The morphological changes of Iranian cities are affected by historical events during a period of 43 years from the beginning of the contemporary century. The spatial structure of Ardabil city, like other cities in the country, has been affected by various factors, and with the passage of time and in the course of various developments that have occurred, it has gradually taken on the texture of the city as it is today. The old context of Ardabil city consists of six main neighborhoods of the city including: Gazran, Sarcheshmeh, Pir Abdul Malik Towi, Ali Qapo and Ochdekan, the first characteristic of these neighborhoods is their growth in relation to the market (city) which has expanded radially. But at the same time with the construction measures, the shape and growth and expansion of the city changed in such a way that with the entry of Bazar Street and the neighborhoods, they were split and the center of the neighborhoods is located at the edge of the streets. In addition, point elements such as banks, urban meeting places, cinemas and public libraries have caused the mixing and connection of similar uses with trans-neighborhood functions in some neighborhoods. This structure has formed the main body of the city fabric and has played an important role in the development process of the city until today. Due to having such a role, changes in the values of the spatial structure have been one of the influential factors in the changes in the morphology of Ardabil city.Period (1373-1355): The third period (50s) can be considered the period of physical growth and development without a pattern to the expansion of the checkered pattern function and the centralizing structure. In this period, along with the increase in thecity's population, the city's inner limits did not have the capacity for the additional population. Therefore, with the destruction of the fence, development and expansion continues towards the south and north. In this period after the Islamic Revolution (1960s), the conditions of the revolution and political developments such as the imposed war in most sectors, especially in the urban construction sector, became disorderly, and subsequently, the urbanization and urban development of Niaz also became irregular. The rapid growth of urbanization and the physical expansion of the city in this period continued strongly in the official form and within the framework of comprehensive, special and informal plans in the form of car settlements and peripheral structures. Among the most important features of this accelerated growth, we can mention the horizontal expansion of the city, the transformation of the physical structure, the excessive acceleration, the increase of the urban limits in unbalanced and balanced forms, and the ignoring of the city's internal capabilities and opportunities.Period (1373-present): The analysis maps of space layout parameters for the city of Ardabil in this period show that the east-west axis of Imam Khomeini Street of the city has the highest value of connection and connects the important points of the city to each other. After that, the north-south axis of Kashani street has the highest value of connection. In general, the main thoroughfares of the city are shown in the red color spectrum. Therefore, based on the theories of space arrangement, the probability of movement and activity in these axes is high. According to the Niaz connection map, the most accessible urban roads in terms of communication are the north-south axis of Kashani Street and the east-west axis of Imam Khomeini Street. In other words, these axes are the main axes in the spatial structure of Ardabil city and play the most role in shaping the spatial structure of Ardabil city. As expected, the heart of the city has the highest degree of inclusive connectivity. In general, based on the results of this study, it can be said that one of the most important factors influencing the changes in the fabric of Ardabil city over time is the changes in the degree of connectivity caused by the changes. It has been physical-spatial.In this regard, the most important suggestions are:The weak and strong points of the main morphology of each city should be redefined in the construction and urban development plans and identified with the help of the space layout method; The spatial structure of less developed neighborhoods should be investigated and analyzed before any intervention (renovation, reconstruction or improvement) by means of methods such as space layout; context-oriented urban planning and design should be taken into consideration and the spatial and non-spatial values of the area should be considered in urban plans; The role and impact of the main elements of the historical area of the city in the entire structure of the city should be considered and the inner structure of the neighborhoods and how it relates to the surrounding context should be understood and deduced to improve its structural problems; Equal distribution of uses and suitable neighborhoods to realize dynamism, activity and vitality in all the historical context of the city should be considered and investigated; In examining and analyzing the spatial structure of cities and problematic contexts, researches should be analyzed based on specific features in the spatial structure and organization related to the area.

Introduction, context and expression of the problem:

The city has always faced numerous issues since its inception, including acute and fundamental issues that have been regarded as the major challenge of the Third Millennium, the issue of unstable development and out of urban rule as settlements. It is informal. Such areas with a reflection of urban poverty and the lack of equipment for residents in the area, both in developed and retarded countries, especially in developing and retarded countries, which are somehow facing severe spatial inequality. They do. Unofficial settlements are the result of rapid urbanization and economic problems of developing countries and developing countries. This unreadable urban phenomenon has caused many problems for cities, which is one of the biggest urban problems. However, there have been various methods and perspectives to solve the problems and problems caused by these settlements. These methods can be separated in two groups of physical engineering and social engineering. Of course, the second methods, especially the empowerment strategy, are today in the world of marginalization and informal accommodation literature. Therefore, in this study, while introducing the strategies and perspectives of the problem of informal settlements, the feasibility of applying the empowerment strategy, which is a social method, has been investigated to solve the problems of informal settlements in Ardabil.

The type of applied -development research and the method of studying it has been a descriptive -analytical, as well as the fruit of information and data, libraries and fields. The narrative test used in this study is formal and content narrative. The questionnaires were given to the masters of urban geography to test formal and content testing. Also, the opinions and suggestions of students and researchers in various disciplines related to official and urban planning have been used. Since the study is one of the sample of inferential descriptive studies, it is necessary to consider the reliability of the questionnaire to choose the ability to be used in the environment and other space. Cronbach's alpha method was used to achieve this result. The questionnaire used at 77% alpha shows an acceptable amount compared to the minimum reliability of 67%.The statistical population in this study includes residents of informal settlements in Ardebil (84732). In this study, the Cochran method was used to obtain the sample size and eventually 349 people were selected as the sample size. Statistical methods were used to analyze the collected information. In this study, because of qualitative traits and data used, inferential statistics were obtained by the use of the CHI-Square test with a meaningful level of 0.05. SPSS and Excel software has been used to analyze the data collected. The numerical average analysis has also been used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process.

According to field studies, the descriptive results of the study show that out of 349 family supervisors who were questioned, 312 were 89.4 percent of men and 37 were 10.6 percent female. In the case of a household dimension of 349 respondents in the study range 8 households equivalent to 2.3 % with 1 person, 65 households equivalent to 12.62 % with 2 people, 71 households equivalent to 34.34 % with 3 people, 95 households equivalent to 22// 27 % have 4 people and finally 110 households equivalent to 31.52 % have 5 and more. Studies on household origin show that the results show that out of 349 family supervisors who answered the author's questions 223 people equivalent to 63.9 % of Ardabil villages, 67 people equivalent to 2. /19 % of the villages of Moshginshahr, 55 people equivalent to 15.8 % of Moghan and 4 households have cited their demands from other areas of the province, equivalent to 1.1. The percentage is that 113 household supervisors equivalent to 32.4 % of their migration reasons to find work, 32 people were 9.2 % lack of welfare facilities, 78 people equivalent to 22.3 % of kinship and 7 equivalent The percentage of natural disasters and 92 household supervisors, equivalent to 26.4 percent of the land, and finally 27 %, equivalent to 7.7 %, cited the other reason for their migration. Therefore, it can be said that finding the right work and then the cheapness of land has been the most important reasons for migrating to the area. Also, the job status of household supervisors within the study scope indicates that workers and freelance jobs have a significant share. Also, the inferential results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between all independent variables on the research and the dependent variable empowering informal settlements. The numerical mean analysis was used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process. As shown in Table 4-4, according to Friedman's test, there is a significant difference between the mean empowerment indices at the alpha level of 0.01. In the meantime, the highest average of 4.59 physical indexes), economic indexes (4.56) and the lowest to macro indexes (3.58) and environmental and environmental health indicators ( 65/3) dedicated. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacity indicators of informal accommodation

One of the issues that neglect or lack of attention in the long run can have many negative consequences for people and city managers is informal accommodation. Using the wrong methods of dealing with this phenomenon is not less than neglect and neglect. In Third World countries, including Iran, the method of dealing with this phenomenon, namely, has been the use of physical methods, while today the negative consequences of using this method have become clear to all urban managers and planners. The use of community -based methods is quite clear and tangible. Accordingly, it is necessary to arrange the appropriate programs to empower these places in order to enable social empowerment. So far, many methods have been used to eliminate the problem of informal accommodation, but in practice they have not had the necessary and acceptable acceptance, and these methods have faced many problems. The reasons for this dilemma (lack of responsibility, spatial lack, social cohesion, lack of social participation, lack of awareness, etc.) may be that factors such as citizens' lack of awareness of their citizenship rights, lack of confidence in government agencies because Failure to fulfill demands, lack of citizens' belonging to their place of residence, existence of government -run standards, bureaucratic dealing with urban problems, lack of transparency of urban management activities and city councils for citizens, government -governing councils And the sovereignty of the central culture of the central culture should be returned to the local level rather than the central demand for the people and the government and the lack of attention to the real needs of citizens. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacities of informal accommodation indicators of Ardebil city indicates high level of high level, which brings more attention to relevant authorities and institutions in the field of urban management to the range. The purpose of the study requires.

In recent years, paying attention to the characteristics of the residential environment and satisfaction with housing has gained special importance, but paying attention to the characteristics of different income groups, especially the vulnerable sections of the society, such as those seeking help, has not been given much attention. This is despite the fact that by knowing the residential environment of these groups, it is possible to pay more attention to them in planning and policies, and ultimately it will improve the residential environment and ultimately urban growth and development. It became a stable city. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to measure the satisfaction of the low-income urban strata with the quality of the components of the residential environment in Nair city. The data collection tool included documentary studies and surveys through the distribution of questionnaires. The statistical population of the research consists of the urban help-seekers of Nair City Aid and Welfare Committee, which were randomly available, SPSS software was used to analyze the data. In this regard, one-sample t-test and independent t-test, as well as one-way analysis of variance and Sheffe's post hoc test have been used. The findings from the one-sample t-test showed that the clients' satisfaction with their residential environment is higher than the average (3.05) and the one-way variance analysis of the influence of individual characteristics indicates that Age had an effect on satisfaction. According to the results of the research, creating more facilities for access to health and treatment centers and creating parks and green spaces can reduce the problems of residents and increase the level of satisfaction of these groups with their housing.

The Mehr housing project is one of the biggest projects, and due to the extent of this project, it is necessary to examine the results of this experience. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the quality of Mehr ardabil city housing complexes, a step towards the optimal planning of the national housing plan. The statistical population of the research is the residents of Mehr housing complexes in Ardabil city. In order to evaluate and prioritize the studied complexes, 8 parameters (facilities and services, physical, social, lighting and ventilation, pollution, access, environmental, economic) were used. In this regard, the target sites have been prioritized using the PROMETHEE model. The findings showed that Mehr Waliasr Housing (Sham Esbi) is in the first place with a score of 0.430 and is in a good condition. On the other hand, Mehr Mirasharf housing is in the last place with a score of -0.308 and is in a very unfavorable situation. Mehr Pileh Saharan Housing is ranked second with a score of 0.320, which shows the relatively good condition of this complex. The results of the research show that in the planning, construction and implementation of Mehr housing complexes, quantitative and project aspects have surpassed its quality. Therefore, it is hoped that these shortcomings will be resolved in the national housing plan.

Health is introduced as a lifestyle and an approach to daily life for a person to achieve physical and mental well-being, and it is a balance that a person establishes between himself and the living environment and works in it. This view shows that there is a clear relationship between the work environment, residence and recreation and health, in addition to the ways that a person chooses for his life. Among the factors affecting the mental health of citizens, what is in the urban environment and related to urban planning and design, is included in the category of environmental stressors. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The information required in this research will be collected through documentary and library, field (interview) and questionnaire (researcher-made) methods. Variables affecting urban stress that are studied include (economic, social, physical, environmental, housing quality). The statistical population of the research is all the citizens in Ardabil city. According to the findings of the research, all the factors based on the opinions of the citizens have been effective in creating and increasing stress in the urban environment of Ardabil and according to the index in order (social factors, environmental pollution, housing, physical-environmental factors and in Finally, economic factors) with an average of (4.02, 3.81, 3.74, 3.63) had the greatest impact on the stress of citizens, which indicates the level of stress of the citizens of Ardabil city and ultimately leads to mental illnesses, depression and anxiety. In this regard, city managers can reduce the level of depression of citizens in Ardabil by creating a lively and healthy environment

In the process of rapid urbanization, the villages surrounding the cities are integrated into the cities and different neighborhoods appear in the cities and unstable urban cores are formed due to the inability of the city officials to manage these neighborhoods. Neighborhood instability is the most important obstacle to sustainable urban development, and this problem reaches its peak at the level of neighborhoods with rural cores. Therefore, in this research, the sustainability of villages integrated into Ardabil city and the leveling of their sustainability status in different dimensions for future planning have been investigated.The present research method is applied according to the objective and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the research is 5 neighborhoods from the total neighborhoods of Ardabil city which used to be "villages" and have been annexed to the city in recent years. The sampling was done randomly and the Cochran relationship was used to estimate the sample size with a probability of 0.95% confidence. The sample size was estimated to be 387 people. For data analysis, Excel and SPSS software were used and by using the stability barometer model, the stability levels of the target neighborhoods in 4 dimensions (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) was determined.Based on the metrics used and the results of the implementation of the stability barometer model in the present study, all the target localities are in an unstable state in each of the dimensions of stability. The average level of sustainability in terms of ecosystem well-being in the studied area is equal to 0.205 and human well-being is equal to 0.237, which shows the unstable situation of both; Human well-being is slightly more stable than ecosystem well-being.

Population growth has made a huge difference in the various aspects of human life and their function, including the spatial status of individuals. In this growth. This growth usually includes having good and proper housing is one of the most important priorities of every society. There are many differences between neighborhoods and urban areas in terms of having a good and affordable housing, and these differences have led citizens to consider different indicators for their choice of residence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate domiciliation indices in Ardabil city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and causal in nature based on structural equation modeling. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 4 indices (socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical) and 33 items based on the responses of residents of Aftab, Mahtab, Banafsheh and Milad residential towers in District 2 of Ardabil city with a sample size of 400 . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS, Smart-PLS software. The results of path coefficient analysis and t-test showed that the variables (suitability of neighborhood conditions, heeding of urban principles and widespreading of alleyways and streets, suitability of neighborhood conditions for traffick of women, having parking, freshity and inanity of neighborhood, people's culture level had dedicated the most date for itself. The results showed that 4 research indicators have a positive and significant impact on domiciliation selection of Ardebil residents. With identifying and evaluating domiciliation indicators in the view of citizens, city managers can improve and perferment the housing conditions of citizens.

Art has always had a rational and improving function in human societies as one of the important pillars of education and training. A skilled artist can control many social anomalies and lead the society to a desirable and bright life. The perception of beauty is one of the human needs that the citizens in the city seek (Moeinifar, 2012:21). Today, cities have become places for doing repetitive activities and the machine life of citizens. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the points that have value in terms of urban facilities in the urban design for the benefit of the people, and also the factors and forces required for the entry and stopping of people in the space. Therefore, public art can be used to beautify and improve the visual quality of the city of Ardabil, eliminate architectural problems, beautify, optimize the urban environment and improve the quality of life of the city and its citizens, especially urban women.

Theoretical Framework:

To define public art, two words "art" and "public" should be discussed. The term public art has a very broad meaning and includes everything from urban sculptures to subway graffiti, but is often used as a collective term to cover any art that is not shown in official galleries or museums. Meanwhile, proper planning and special attention to women can be an important factor in urban development; Therefore, the active participation of women in the preparation and implementation of urban plans, laying the groundwork for the greater presence of women in urban spaces, improving the security of public spaces, paying attention to the protection of places where women are more present, the ability to increase visibility, openness and ease of access, increasing the strength of the transportation system at night is one of the things that can play a favorable role in creating suitable urban spaces for women. Joy and happiness are one of the most important human needs that prepare them to face the complexities and problems of today's world. Although many people believe that this art is internal and the person himself should create happiness in his life, but since the city space establishes the most connection with people and the living environment,

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. According to the nature of the study, the method of data collection is a survey and a library using a questionnaire with the women of Ardabil city. Cronbach's alpha was used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire, considering that little research has been done in this field, according to professors and specialists, and to check the reliability of the questionnaire. The total alpha coefficient was equal to (.906), which shows the high reliability of the questionnaire. The statistical population in the current research is women (experts and non-experts in art and architecture) in Ardabil who are between 20-35 years old (57,913). To estimate the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and the number of 381 samples was estimated, of which 185 healthy questionnaires were distributed and completed among the statistical population by a simple random method. In this research, the questionnaire measures the research variables, which consists of 41 questions, divided into two sections, public arts and interactive arts, and one image from each type of art, similar to what was shown in the introduction section of public arts, was selected and An online questionnaire format, in which the participants were asked to express the level of joy they felt after watching that artwork in urban spaces according to the 5-point Likert scale, was designed and sent to the target community through virtual space applications. It should be noted that the questions were evaluated through a 5-option Likert scale. In order to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section, Excel, Spss software and for inferential statistics in which the relationships between variables are examined based on the purpose of the research, the statistical test with inclusion (one-sample T) was used.

To investigate the impact of public art on the perceived vitality of women in Ardabil city and to answer the research question of which type of public art has a greater impact on improving the perceived vitality of women in urban spaces, a one-sample t-test was used.The results of the single-sample t-test showed that abstract art had the highest average score (4.71), followed by the vitality created by this item (4.60), and the desire to create abstract art in the urban space from the point of view of women (4.63). This means that abstract art was the most popular type of public art among the women surveyed.In the next ranks, art embedded in space and applied art had an average score of (4.25), followed by art appropriate to the site and natural environment with an average score of (4.18), artistry (sculptures of celebrities) with an average score of (4.16), and finally the musical fountain with an average score of (4.03).These results suggest that women in Ardabil city perceive abstract art as the most vitalizing type of public art. This may be because abstract art is open to interpretation and can be seen in many different ways, which allows women to connect with it on a personal level. Additionally, abstract art can be seen as a form of escapism, which can be appealing to women who are looking for a way to relax and de-stress.

The city of Ardabil has a lot of potential to create public art that is both visually appealing and revitalizing for women. However, the current state of public art in the city is lacking. There are only a small number of famous statues and some examples of murals and lighting. This is a missed opportunity to create a more vibrant and inviting urban environment for women. The managers and planners of the municipality and related bodies should pay more attention to the vitality and vitality of not only the women of the city of Ardabil, but also all sections of the society. They should commission more public art that is designed to appeal to women and other marginalized groups. This would help to create a more inclusive and equitable urban environment for everyone.In addition to commissioning more public art, the municipality should also take steps to improve the security of public spaces. This would make women feel more comfortable and safe in the city, which would encourage them to spend more time outdoors and enjoy the public art. By taking these steps, the municipality can create a more vibrant and inviting urban environment for women and all residents of Ardabil city.

Threats to urban areas are known today as a common phenomenon in all natural and unnatural crises. With the increase of natural crises, insecurity and destructive internal and external wars and the targeting of management and command centers, including governorates, the use of passive defense principles in locating government offices, especially governorates, becomes increasingly important. Considering the proximity of Ardabil city to the northern and northwestern borders of the country and also considering the fact that the governorate building of Ardabil city is located in the center of the city with poor access and traffic congestion, therefore, the present research aims to identify a new place to build The building of the governorate of Ardabil city has been done using indicators and principles of passive defense. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. In line with the discussion framework, 23 indicators were prepared in the form of 6 components of compatibility, comfort, utility, efficiency, health and safety standards and passive defense. The collected data were weighted in the SuperDecision software, then mapped in the GIS environment and finally zoned using the TOPSIS technique.

The right to the city is defined as a new form of citizenship so that all citizens can control and participate in the production of urban space. As half of the society, women do not have the opportunity to enjoy urban spaces equally compared to men. In this regard, although the space may be shared and the genders share it, but this issue will be different depending on different places and times, and as a result, gendered spaces are formed. Considering the importance of the issue, the aim of this article is to identify the pattern of presence in the female space on the right to the city with a gender-selective approach. In terms of purpose, the present research is practical and based on the method of data collection, it is descriptive-analytical survey type. The statistical population of the research is made up of women of Ardabil city, among them, 384 questionnaires were administered using Cochran's formula in a simple random manner. was distributed To analyze the collected data, one-sample t-tests and Friedman's test were used for ranking in Spss software. Based on the findings of the research, gender segregation in women's spaces is evaluated by women at an unfavorable level, and overall, the amount of gender segregation in women's spaces is less than the average (theoretical mean = 3) of all the investigated indicators. The results of Friedman's test also indicate that social and cultural criteria are more influential on gender segregation.