mohammad hasanzadeh

Economic growth and development over the past two decades in developing countries have clearly demonstrated the many effects of financial market cycles on economic activities in these countries. Instability and change in financial markets shape financial cycles, which in turn disrupt economic activities and reduce the economic growth of countries. Therefore, given the importance of the effects of financial cycles on economic growth, the aim of this study is to analyze and investigate the effects of asymmetric financial cycles on economic growth in Iraq.

The present study analyzes and investigates the short-term and long-term effects of asymmetric financial cycles on economic growth in Iraq during the period 1990-2023 in the form of econometric models and methods. For this purpose, the autoregressive model with asymmetric distribution lag (NARDL) is used. This model is an extended form of the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model.

The results showed that in the long run, positive financial cycles have a positive and significant effect and negative financial cycles have a negative and significant effect on Iraq's economic growth. Also, foreign trade, exchange rate, active labor force, physical capital and foreign direct investment have a positive and significant effect, and oil revenues have a negative and significant effect on Iraq's economic growth. The explanatory and control variables (asymmetric financial cycles, foreign trade, exchange rate, physical capital, active labor force, foreign direct investment and oil revenues) also explain and show 75 percent of the changes in the target variable (Iraqi economic growth).

Given that financial cycles and foreign trade have the greatest impact on economic growth in the short and long run, therefore, monitoring credit expansion through macroprudential policies is essential to maintain financial stability in this country. Also, the Iraqi government can lead to increased economic growth by gradually creating conditions and establishing appropriate and necessary laws and regulations to expand commercial freedom and increase trade.

Information and Communication Technology and competitiveness are mentioned as factors affecting economic growth in the last decade. In line with this discussion, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of information and communication technology and the competitiveness index on economic growth of selected developing and developed countries during the study period.

The present study uses an applied approach that combines descriptive and analytical methods to create a complete survey. To facilitate this research, the analysis uses both cross-sectional and panel data methods. Cross-sectional data allows for the examination of variables at a single point in time across multiple subjects. In contrast, panel data includes multiple observations of the same entities over different time periods. It also analyzes panel data through the generalized method of moments.

The findings of this study emphasize the positive and significant relationships between information and communication technology, competitiveness index on GDP in developing and developed countries. In a way that is consistent with the literature on the subject. The findings also indicate that the effect of these two variables is greater in developed countries than in developing countries. Therefore, policymakers should consider the socio-economic factors and unique contexts of their countries to effectively use these dynamics for sustainable and inclusive growth.

Due to oil price fluctuations, oil exporting countries can be accompanied by income instability and economic growth. This study examines the effect of oil revenue fluctuations on economic growth fluctuations in Iraq and the moderating role of financial development. Accordingly, the main objective of the study is to answer the question of whether financial development can reduce economic growth fluctuations in the context of oil revenue fluctuations.

The present study was conducted using the generalized moments method and time series data to examine the effect of oil revenue fluctuations on economic growth fluctuations and the moderating role of financial development. This method allows for the analysis and examination of the dynamics between macroeconomic variables.

The findings show that fluctuations due to the abundance of oil revenues have a positive and significant effect on economic growth fluctuations. Also, financial development can play an effective moderating role in reducing the fluctuations in economic growth caused by fluctuations in oil revenues. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that further development of the financial system can reduce the negative effects of oil revenue fluctuations on economic growth and financial development can be considered as an effective tool in managing the effects of oil revenue fluctuations on economic growth in Iraq.

According to the official statistics of the country's population, it is predicted that in the next twenty years, more than a quarter of the population will be elderly. In recent years, smart home technology has made significant progress in Iran and its use is expanding. In the coming years, an important and huge part of the smart home market will be aimed at the country's elderly population, and benefiting from the capabilities of this technology without proper design will be far from its ideal state. On the other hand, monitoring the health and care of people who, while lonely, prefer an independent life - or will inevitably be in such a situation - will be one of the main concerns of the country's health system. In smart homes, we are faced with different ontologies. Therefore, studying the dimensions of ontologies and understanding the path of maturity and future trends can be helpful in this field. The present study is a combined study that was carried out in the following three stages, in the first stage, studies designed with the aim of creating an ontology for the smart home to monitor the health of the elderly were extracted and analyzed. In the second stage, the domains and subdomains in the published ontologies were provided to 5 experts, and in the third stage, due to the lack of attention to the mental health dimension and the lack of the spiritual health dimension in the designed ontologies, a review of The studies that have been published in the field of mental health control in the smart home were conducted and also due to the lack of spiritual health dimension, measurable indicators in this dimension of health were extracted by library study. In recent ontologies, the physiological state and behavior of physical activity, nutrition, cognitive and mental state, and social behavior are seen as new dimensions, but without considering spiritual health, other dimensions of human life cannot function properly and as a result, Achieving the highest level of quality of life will not be possible. Based on the results of this article, ontology can be consistent with the definition of health by the World Health Organization, having four dimensions of physical health, mental health, social health, and spiritual health, each of which includes its own subdomains and special variables that are measured through physical tools and Communication in the smart home can be measured, controlled and improved.

Knowledge is an asset that increases when others share it, and its sharing and dissemination leads to synergy and growth of individual and collective knowledge. In fact, the dissemination of knowledge is the process of communication between two or more people, which includes the transfer and acquisition of knowledge. In knowledge dissemination, the focus is on human capital and interpersonal interactions. In recent years, the expansion of social media has had a significant impact on the ease of spreading knowledge among people. Social media are central members of internet communities that have many possibilities to create interpersonal communication and transfer information and dissemination knowledge. Today, social networks have become a valuable platform to facilitate knowledge sharing and communication, not only at a personal or individual level, but also for organizations. However, despite the significant and rapid growth of research in this field, few attempts have been made to systematically review and synthesize the findings of previous reviews and evaluate the current state of research on the use of social networks in knowledge dissemination. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding and review the current state of research on the use of social networks for knowledge dissemination.

In this research, a systematic literature review method has been used to collect and review studies by following a predefined review method, integrating automatic and manual search strategies, in order to cover all related research articles published in this period of time. Systematic search according to keywords reached 253 research outputs, and finally 37 research outputs matching the criteria were determined for in-depth analysis.

After the data analysis process, the results from the selected preliminary studies show a clear and comprehensive overview of current research that focuses on knowledge dissemination through social networks and identify three main activities of social network use, which include the processes of knowledge seeking, knowledge dissemination and social interaction. In addition, factors including accessibility, authenticity, and permanence make social networks a space for knowledge dissemination in all fields. The findings of this study show that organizational conditions, lack of leadership, costs of knowledge compilation, fear of losing the power of knowledge and lack of personal benefit are among the challenges of knowledge dissemination in social networks.

The results of this study show that social networks for implementing knowledge sharing are related to different forms of behavior and have the potential to overcome the challenges associated with its use.

Business Law, is a codified set of dos and don'ts for commercial business activities. This law has always been important to scientific societies due to the high incidence of the citizens' society. Since the business system of Muslims is considered by the Holy Sharia, the set of business laws of Iran is not oblivious to the inclusion of the view of the Sharia and considers it necessary to adapt these laws to the jurisprudence standards. The religion of Islam considers itself to have a comprehensive and comprehensive plan for all human issues. Since the upcoming commercial laws are derived from French secular laws and international conventions, the need for jurisprudential revision of these laws will be considered a serious demand. What is included in the short time of this research is the jurisprudential examination of the legitimacy of the endorsement/allocation of the shares of the managers of joint stock companies, which has not been research so far in no legal jurisprudence research, with a comparative procedure and also with an emphasis on inferential jurisprudential evidences regarding the objective rejection of the collateral. According to Article 114 of Iran's Commercial Law Amendment Bill and the second note of Article 47 of Afghanistan's Commercial Law, directors of joint-stock companies are required to approve a certain number of shares during their term of office. The view of Sharia and civil law will face a serious challenge. Also, this view on the conditions of the mortgage contract can be found in the civil law. this research on the grownd of objectines is developmental and based on need the hypottesis is descriptihe.

The process of exchanging human body parts and preserving the respectable soul has been the focus of Jafari jurisprudence for a long time. What is evident from the opinions of the jurists around this issue is the popularity of the banning of the buying and selling process and any type of ownership contract for the exchange of other parts of the human body, regardless of motivation. In the upcoming research, by expressing the opinions of Islamic schools of jurisprudence and mentioning the reasons and evidences of these rulings, a detailed criticism of the ban on the process of exchanging and transferring human body parts has been discussed, and by using the sources of issuing jurisprudence, the causes of the ruling on the permissibility of the process Transplantation of human body parts is provided. Because by violating the evidence of banning the said process and using the positive evidence of the ruling on the permission of the process of exchange and transfer of human body parts, there will be no other way but to accept the ruling on the permission in the said process. It is hoped that this jurisprudential research will save many lives from certain death and become an example of the 32nd verse of Ma'ida "And those who live will not live all the people".

The research aims to design a scalable agile data management framework leading to the success in data-oriented decision-making and ultimately smartness and data intelligence using agile manifesto and scalability. The main paradigm is data-driven, lean thinking and agile manifesto. As an applied and developmental research, argument, analogy and discovery are used to draw conclusions. In this research Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) is applied. Thus, firstly, the problem was defined clearly via literature review. Secondly, objectives of solution were specified specifically. Thirdly, the artifact (SADMF) was designed and developed via iterations through SCRUM. Fourthly, validity and reliability were evaluated by SMEs and finally the results were formalized and academics and practitioners were invited to consider reflective thinking. There are various reference models for the concepts of agile, data management, Information System and Software Engineering, but few of them practically embedded agile practices in a scalable management system, despite the remarkable importance of agility in the optimal data management of social-physical-cyber systems today. So, there is an essential need to design a comprehensive model. Scaled agile data management requires leanness and agility. This framework has three levels including portfolio, program and data lab and four main elements including people and organization, agile process and practice, technology and knowledge areas. Finally, considering the selected references, a Scalable Agile Data Management Framework (SADMF) from combination of agile best practices along with the main elements of a data management system was designed and offered.

Impulse buying behavior is a significant aspect of customer behavior and a crucial concept in the retail environment. Currently, this behavior has garnered the attention of retailers and wholesalers, particularly chain stores, as it substantially impacts their sales and profits. To address this, retailers can design a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere for customers, providing a soothing and attractive environment to evoke their feelings and perceived pleasure. The primary purpose of this research was to examine the model of situational factors influencing customer’s impulse buying behavior. The study's statistical population comprised all customers of Shahrvand chain stores in Tehran. Using Morgan's table, a sample size of 384 individuals was selected through stratified random sampling. A standard questionnaire was employed to measure the variables and the instrument's diagnostic, convergent, and divergent validity, as well as its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, were evaluated. The research model was tested using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method and the Smart-PLS 3 software. The results of data analysis indicated that physical factors, including music, lighting, and color, had a significant effect on the consumers’ emotional responses, while the layout effect was not confirmed. The significant influences of social factors, including the seller and the crowd, on the consumers’ emotional responses were also confirmed. The mediating role of consumer's emotional response in the impacts of physical (excluding layout) and social factors on impulse buying behavior was supported. However, demographic factors (gender, age, and income), psychological factors (stimulation and self-esteem), and situational factors (available money and time) did not have a moderating role in the relationship between the consumers’ emotional responses and impulse buying behaviors..

Also, considering the increasing need of people for virtual space, the governance of the site space has become an important part of the governance of the national real space. Therefore, the existence of sovereignty in cyber space is important. Therefore, this research, which is a qualitative research, has been done with the aim of providing an ontology model of cyberspace sovereignty, so that it is the basis of a more comprehensive and complete definition of spatial explanation cyberspace sovereignty,. The domain of cyberspace sovereignty,, searching along with the theoretical foundations of cyberspace sovereignty, through up-to-date and reliable sources and documents and their analysis through thematic analysis method, important components and themes of cyberspace sovereignty, were identified. Based on the obtained components and themes, an ontology of cyberspace sovereignty was extracted. Finally, by organizing entities related to cyberspace sovereignty through the use of its ontology, a more comprehensive definition of cyberspace sovereignty has been provided. In this definition, 17 components related to cyberspace sovereignty were introduced, which constitute the core model of the cyberspace sovereignty ontology, and each of these 17 components has its own sub-components. The reviewed ontology shows the relationships and governing members of the cyberspace in detail. It can be acknowledged that the definition is one of the most complete definitions that have been presented regarding the cyberspace sovereignty.

Establishing judicial security and guaranteeing civil rights depends on recognizing the criminal phenomenon and providing good and practical methods to control and reduce the effects of crime, so in a favorable legal system, prevention of crime is always important compared to criminal proceedings after its occurrence. It is higher, and of course, the greater the importance and effects of a crime, the greater the importance of preventing that crime. Today, crimes against Public properties( Anfal) ) are among the major problems of the country's criminal policy, which in practice has caused the inflation of cases in the country's courts. On the one hand, studies show that crimes against Public properties( Anfal) are more likely to occur on unregistered properties, and on the other hand, the current state of registration of national lands and state properties is not favorable and a cadastral plan has been implemented for a limited number of state properties. There is also no comprehensive real estate bank in this regard, and this has led to serious problems in curbing all methods of these crimes, so in order to tackle the Public properties( Anfal) ) -related crimes in the first place, government ownership must be established. Appeared. The cadastral plan with the ability to map privately owned lands and properties, stabilize the country's natural resources and also measure endowed lands, plays an important role in preventing crimes against Public properties( Anfal) , because the extraction of such information leads to better management of the country's economy. And optimization in planning, macro policies, management and better monitoring of the country's real estate. Accordingly, and with regard to practical experience, the present article deals with the preventive functions of the cadastral plan in crimes against Public properties( Anfal)

Research Iris Pseudacorus is a perennial herbaceous plant with yellow flowers belonging to the Iridaceae family which is used as an ornamental plant. The light changes led to different morphogenetic and photosynthetic responses in some ornamental plants. LED lights could improve the growth and physiological development of plantlets and affects the morphogenesis and secondary metabolite production of plants. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of the LED lights on the growth, development, physiological and morphological indices of the Iris Pseudacorus.Research This experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with two factors of light intensity (1500 and 3000 lux) and light quality 100% white (control), 100% red light, 100% blue light, 20% red + 80% blue, 40% red + 60% blue, 60% red + 40% blue and 80% red + 20% Blue} by using 4 replications The measured morphological and physiological traits were leaf number and length, leaf area, fresh weight, percentage of regeneration, Survival rate, root number and length, total phenol and flavonoid, chlorophyll a, b and total and carotenoid. Analysis of variance results showed that the interaction of different light intensities and qualities on the evaluated indices was not significant. It also indicated that the light intensity treatment had a significant effect on leaf number, leaf length and leaf area and total phenol content (P<0.01) and fresh weight, survival percentage, regeneration percentage, total flavonoids content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (P<0.05). Also, light quality treatment significantly affected total phenols and flavonoid content (P<0.01). A comparison of the mean for the effect of different light intensities indicated that the highest leaf number, leaf length, leaf area, survival percentage, regeneration percentage, and also the highest fresh weight, total phenol, total flavonoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll was observed in 3000 lux light intensity. Also, a comparison of the mean data obtained from the effect of different light qualities showed that the highest amount of total phenol (mg GAE / g FW038.3) and total flavonoids (GAE / g FW 8.796 mg) was observed in 100% blue light treatment. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that light intensity compared to different light qualities has a more significant influence on morphological and physiological parameters of in vitro plantlets of the Yellow Flag. The results also indicated that with increasing light intensity from 1500 to 3000 lux, morphological and physiological indices of Yellow Flag plantlets were significantly enhanced. It indicates that increasing light intensity in mass and commercial production of this plant under in vitro conditions would be effective.

Organ donation is a newly-raised legal issue with double importance and many challenges. What has been achieved in this article is an alternative opinion different from the opinions of other Shi'a jurists. In this research, relying on the necessity of preserving the respected soul through the four evidences of the Shari'a rulings, it has been proved that the organ donation of brain-dead patients and their organ transplantation is obligatory to preserve the respected soul who needs a transplant to continue living. This ruling is deemed as obligatory while the opinions of all Shi'ite jurists have been focused on the issue of permissibility or prohibition of organ donation. While investigating the doubts that have been brought up regarding the ruling for the permissibility, this research degrades the evidence of the claimants of the prohibition of organ donation. It is hoped that this jurisprudential survey will save many lives and become an example of the verse 32 of Sūrat al-Mā’ida, "And whoever saves a live is as though he has saved all the mankind.

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the important viral diseases of poultry that causes considerable economic loss to breeding farms. Continuous evaluation of circulating virus genotypes and pathotypes is the crucial step to control the disease prevalence. The present study aimed to study the phylogenetic and pathogenicity indices of circulating ND virus (NDV) in poultry farms located in Mazandaran province during 2018. Following the isolation of the virus from the brains of the dead chickens in five different farms, intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the mean death time (MDT) were determined. For phylogenetic analysis, virus RNA was extracted and following RT-PCR, the sequence of the F gene was determined and compared with those presented in the gene bank. Results showed that the isolated viruses had ICPT of 1.97 and MDT of 56 hours, related to the velogenic pathotype and their virulence was close to the standard strains of challenge viruses. Also, based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the isolated viruses were classified as genotype VII. By determination of phenotypic and genothipic identity of the isolated viruses, the clinical evidence showing the velogenic and visceral form of ND was confirmed. The present study showed that the NDV causing mortality in commercial poultry farms during 2018 had virulence near to standard challenge strains and belonged to VII genotype and VII.1.1 subgenotype of NDV. Therefore, the isolated virus, as a local virulent strain, could be used in challenge tests and evaluation of the preventive vaccination programs.

This optimization of resources leads to increasing productivity, effectiveness and reducing wastage of resources, therefore the main goal of this research is to present a conceptual model of electronic education knowledge management for higher education. It is a qualitative research method based on the foundation's data theory approach. The tool for collecting qualitative data was the interview and the sampling method was of the purposeful type with a theoretical approach. In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts and professors in the field of knowledge management and electronic education. The criteria for qualitative data analysis was based on Glazer's systematic design. Therefore, after the implementation in three stages, the text of the interviews were analyzed selectively and theoretically by open coding method. In order to analyze and analyze the data in this research, MAXQDA software package version 20 was used. Analysis and analysis of data was done in two stages of selective coding and theoretical coding. The results of this research show the extraction of more than 679 codes or primary concepts and also the statistics of concepts and categories in 4 dimensions. A conceptual model of electronic education knowledge management for higher education was drawn. The final e-learning knowledge management model has 4 dimensions. The first dimension is knowledge-generating activities in e-learning, the second dimension is the empowerment of e-learning knowledge management, and the third dimension of processes consists of seven processes and twenty one mechanisms. In the fourth dimension, the results and output of knowledge management implementation of e-learning, innovation, creativity, competitive advantage; Productivity and effectiveness will be great for universities and education. The model presented in this research can be used as a roadmap for knowledge management in e-learning in universities and higher education institutions.

Iris pseudacorus is a highly valuable ornamental and medicinal plant. Chitin is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature and is widely used in agriculture for seed germination to stimulate plant growth. Chitosan can be used as an antibacterial component and can increase plant resistance to diseases. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of different concentrations of chitosan (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 ppm) with five replications. Morphological and physiological traits including leaf number, leaf weight, plantlets height, leaf area, percentage of regeneration, chlorophyll a, b and total, total phenol, and flavonoids were evaluated. Results of the analysis of variance showed that chitosan significantly affected leaf number, regeneration percentage, phenol content, and leaf fresh weight. Flavonoids, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll were also significantly affected. Results also showed that the highest (31.60 mg/g gallic acid) and lowest (15.51 mg/g gallic acid) total phenol content was obtained from 120 ppm chitosan and control samples, respectively. The highest flavonoid content (5.78 mM/g) was obtained by 120 ppm chitosan and the lowest value (3.20 mM/g) was recorded in the control treatment. In general, our investigation showed that chitosan had a positive effect on all measured traits. In most of the measured traits, the best chitosan concentration was 120 ppm.

The creation and flow of knowledge in the Project-Based organizations has unique characteristics, Also the audit of the created knowledge in these organizations significantly differs from other organizations. On the other hand, knowledge audit plays a key role in the success of knowledge management these organizations, the purpose of this study is investigating the importance and compliance of identified knowledge audit factors in these types of organizations.

The present study is an applied research that follows a quantitative approach using case study and survey in order to investigate the status and importance of knowledge audit factors in four PBOs: ICT Research Institute, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Niroo Research Institute; and, Iranian Space Research Center. The research data were collected through a survey of 220 project managers, project control and knowledge management managers in these four research institutes. The data were collected and analyzed in two available and ideal conditions.

At present, the knowledge valuation factor with a mean of 2.61 and the knowledge need analysis factor with the mean of 2.56 have the highest attention, while in the ideal state, the factors of knowledge inventory (4.287) and knowledge valuation (4.28) should be considered. In all four research institutes, there is a significant difference between the mean of knowledge audit factors in both the current and the ideal situation.

The emphasis on knowledge valuation, knowledge needs analysis and knowledge inventory indicate the importance of knowledge assets in the Project-Based Organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance and weight of the knowledge audit factors in designing the knowledge audit model in the PBOs.Keywords: Knowledge audit, knowledge audit factors, knowledge management, project- based organizations.

Considering the importance of theory building in scientific progress and development, the Iranian policy-makers have focused on this issue in policy-documents related to science, technology, and innovation. But it seems that in spite of the importance of this phenomenon in Iran, theory building has not been able to make significant progress. The purpose of this study is to examine the extra-organizational barriers to the growth of theory building capacity in Iran.

Through a qualitative approach and Miles and Huberman method for analyzing qualitative data, 12 experts at Tarbiat Modarres University have been interviewed, and gathered data were analyzed and coded by MAXQDA software. Thus, extracted codes categorized in major themes to address research questions.

According to the findings, the barriers to the theory building can be categorized into organizational and meta-organizational groups. Since the focus of this study is on extra-organizational barriers, these barriers can be found in seven general categories, namely, the weak link between science and society, country's economic challenges, ineffective management of higher education, inefficient higher education, the difficulty of theory building, inappropriate educational policy, and inappropriate research policy.

Originality: 

Theory building is one of the key phenomena of higher education, which should not be neglected in the scientific progress; the first step towards realizing this phenomenon is identifying obstacles and challenges in this regards. The present study is conducted through a qualitative approach which provides an overview of the barriers of the theory building and allows policy-makers to think differently about the matter.

In order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Maghan) in 2020-2021. Treatments included 2 spraying factors as iron and zinc sulfates besides three harvesting times: green pod, physiological maturity and dry mature pod. According to the results, interactions of spraying and harvesting time were significant on grain yield and protein percentage, and the highest amounts of both traits were obtained by applying zinc sulfate at dry mature pod. Seed oil content was affected by both treatments so that, the highest amount was obtained at the green pod at rate of 21.4% and zinc sulfate had the greatest effect on grain oil percentage at rate of 20.3%. Furthermore, interaction of spraying and harvesting time was significant on seed Fe and Zn contents and results showed that the highest amount of seed Fe (121.6 mg/kg) was achieved by iron sulfate and that of seed Zn (91.1 mg/kg) by zinc sulfate, both at the physiological maturity. Seed germination was also affected by interaction of spraying and harvesting time and the highest rate (96.6%) was observed at dry mature pod by applying zinc sulfate. In general, Zn consumption increased germination percentage, grain rate, seed oil percentage and grain yield, and iron consumption improved grain protein. The physiological maturity and dry mature pod harvestings improved the values of measured traits except the seed oil.

Medical errors are a serious problem in providing medical care and ensuring the health of society, and discovering the causes of errors to minimize the possibility of their occurrence is one of the main challenges in the field of treating patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between professional identity, performance and attitude to self-reported medical errors among medical interns of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 187 medical interns with census method in five Ardabil educational hospitals in the second semester of 2020-2021. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts (demographic, self-reported attitude towards medical errors and professional identity). The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using Content validity index (CVI) and Content validity ratio (CVR). The reliability of the attitude section was 0.78 and 0.86 for professional identity section. Data analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21 by descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation and independent T-test, chisquare and one-way ANOVA. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean scores of students’ attitudes towards selfreport and professional identity were 55.6±8.8 and 60.4±9.8. Less than 50% of the students declared the possibility of reporting their medical errors. There were no significant differences in the mean scores of self-reported attitude, medical error and professional identity according to grade point average, type of faculty and students’ gender (P>0.05). The attitude and performance of students regarding the self-disclosure of medical errors was not satisfactory, and it seems that the analysis of the educational programs in the education of medical errors and the legal and ethical aspects of errors needs serious attention.

Telemedicine is a concept with a history of several decades, which means providing medical and therapeutic services remotely using information and communication technology. This issue requires the transfer and flow of medical and therapeutic knowledge from specialists to those in need, and in this context, the importance of knowledge logistics can be realized in order to identify the need and provide a solution in the telemedicine process. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to review the concepts of these two fields and identify their common points in order to identify the application of knowledge logistics in telemedicine. The current research is of applied type and using Scientometric method. At First, a descriptive review of the available resources with related keywords such as logistics, knowledge logistics, medical knowledge logistics, telemedicine and knowledge logistics in telemedicine was done in Google, Google Scholar and Sid databases, and in the second part, to determine the relationship Between the two concepts, the terms knowledge logistics and telemedicine were searched in Scopus and PubMed databases on March 3, 2022, and the outputs of each database were discussed. The findings show that for nearly two decades and the upward trend of special resources in recent years, a major part of the United States has been in the production of resources, history and growth of resources related to two areas. Also, Anderson as the most prolific writer, the Journal of Internet Medical Research has a stronger relationship with BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. Finally, there is an occurrence of the keywords of logistic models in the resources related to the field of telemedicine, and knowledge has an important place in the resources related to the field of telemedicine. The results showed that the position of knowledge and knowledge management in the field of telemedicine, considering its little history, but the exponential growth during these years is very impressive, and since knowledge logistics models are related to the resources of this field, therefore It can be considered a new and practical concept in this field.

 The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a key role in regulating cognitive and physiological processes. Also, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is one of the imperative endocannabinoids with key roles in the CNS. It acts as a signaling lipid and activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In addition, 2-AG is involved in a variety of physiological functions such as energy balance, emotion, pain sensation, cognition, and neuroinflammation. Hence, rapid and specific diagnosis of 2-AG is of great importance in medical neuroscience. Routine methods used in detection of 2-AG are not sensitive and specific. Therefore, the development of new methods in this area has been one of the most important research areas in recent years.

 Herein, an innovative immunosensor was developed for quantification of 2-AG. To this end, gold nanostars (GNSs) were synthesized and conjugated with a specific biotinylated antibody activated by EDC/NHS against 2-AG. The resultant bio-conjugate was immobilized on the gold electrode surface and used to detect and analyze 2-arachidonylglycerol antigen by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques.

  For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.00048-1 ng/L and lower limit of quantification of 0.00048 ng/L by electroanalysis method. The designed immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, which proved its appropriate use in the diagnosis of neurological disorders.

 The remarkable achievement of the present study is the development of a new immunosensor for the sensitive and accurate detection of 2-AG. The fabricated sensor substrate showed good analytical results for the target analyte. Regardless of the appropriate sensitivity and selectivity of the designed biosensor, the stability of the sensor is low and it is recommended to use it immediately after preparation. Also, the immunosensor engineered in this research was very economical and had a very fast and good performance compared to the usual and traditional methods for detecting 2-AG.

Practical Implications:

  For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.00048-1 ng/L and lower limit of quantification of 0.00048 ng/L by electro analysis method. The designed immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, which proved its appropriate use in the diagnosis of neurological disorders.

Waste management refers to the set of activities and measures necessary to organize waste from its source to final disposal. This process includes, among other things, the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste with monitoring and regulation, as well as legal and regulatory frameworks related to waste management with recycling guidelines. On the other hand, waste management practices are not uniform between developed and developing countries, urban areas, rural areas, residential and industrial sectors. Paying attention to these differences can only be done through the use of a knowledge management system, and due to the complexity of this process and the multiplicity of roles and procedural rules, the use of new technologies is inevitable. Many researchers and industries are trying to find a solution to find a smarter way to manage waste pollution. In this article, intelligent waste management based on the Internet of Things is considered and explained as an underlying concept. In addition, the infrastructure of the smart city and the path to achieve the city of knowledge have been analyzed.

Innovation is a key element in national and international development of the countries. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the innovation status of Iran in comparison with some selected countries mentioned in the 2025 vision document. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The sample include Emirate, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Egypt from 2011 to 2018, all of which were analyzed through Promethee model. The data are extracted from the reports in the global innovation index. The findings showed that Emirate and Turkey have the highest level of innovation, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have the middle, and Egypt and Iran have the lowest level. Also, countries such as Emirate and Turkey can be considered as the main regional competitors of Iran with regards to the innovation indexes. Although Iran has had a rise in innovation during this period, it failed to achieve the promised level indicated in the vision document.