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عضویت
فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

mohammad hassan yazdani

  • محمدحسن یزدانی*، حسین سعدلونیا، قاسم زارعی، رحیم حیدری چیانه

    با غلبه مدرنیسم در شهرها فرهنگ بومی جوامع و هویت کالبدی بافت های قدیمی و سنتی و همچنین منظر جاذبه های تاریخی مورد آسیب قرار می گیرد. بازار تبریز به عنوان اثر ثبت شده تاریخی در یونسکو از این آسیب ها به دور نبوده و توجه به زمینه اجتماعی، فرهنگی، تاریخی و نیازهای بازدیدکنندگان در طراحی و ساماندهی این بازار به عنوان واکنش در مقابل مدرنیسم ضروری به نظر می رسد. سوال قابل طرح این است که این نوع توجه یعنی زمینه گرایی چه تاثیری بر ارزش ویژه برند بازار شهر تبریز دارد. این پژوهش با رویکرد پژوهشی ترکیبی با طرح متوالی اکتشافی (ابتدا روشی کیفی و سپس روشی کمی) انجام شده است. در مرحله اول، برای استخراج الگوی زمینه گرایی فضاهای تجاری سنتی که پیش ازاین الگویی در این مورد وجود نداشت با متخصصین مصاحبه شد و داده های حاصل از مصاحبه با خبرگان با روش تحلیل مضمون مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحلیل الگوی زمینه گرایی فضاهای تجاری سنتی را نشان داد. در ادامه و پس از تدوین سوالات زمینه گرایی در قالب پرسشنامه، پرسشنامه کامل -که شامل سوالات زمینه گرایی و ارزش ویژه برند بود- بین 374 نفر از گردشگران بازار تبریز توزیع و جمع آوری شد. در ادامه داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Smart-Pls و مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان می دهد که از دیدگاه گردشگران بازار تبریز، زمینه گرایی بر ارزش ویژه برند اثر مثبت داشت. درنتیجه می توان از الگوی زمینه گرایی به دست آمده پژوهش حاضر و حفظ ارزش های اجتماعی، فرهنگی و تاریخی برای تقویت ارزش ویژه برند بازار تبریز بهره برد.

    کلید واژگان: زمینه گرایی، ارزش ویژه برند، بازار تبریز، تحلیل مضمون، برند شهری
    Mohammad Hassan Yazdani *, Hossein Sadlounia, Ghasem Zarei, Rahim Heydari Chianeh

    Because of modernization, local and national identities getting deformed and Have been lost their originality. Tabriz Bazaar which is considered as registered historical building never been out of this risks and there should be contextualist consideration in its designing and its improvement. The question that can be asked is what effect this kind of attention, ie contextualism, has on the Tabriz Bazar’s brand equity. This research has been done with a mixed method approach with a sequential exploratory scheme (first a qualitative method and then a quantitative method). In the first stage, experts were interviewed to extract the contextualist model of traditional commercial spaces, which did not exist before, and the data obtained from interviews with experts were evaluated using thematic analysis. The results of this analysis showed the pattern of contextualization of traditional commercial spaces. Then, after compiling the contextual questions in the form of a questionnaire, the complete questionnaire - which included the contextual questions and brand equity - was distributed and collected among 374 tourists in Tabriz Bazar. The data were then tested using Smart-Pls software and structural equation modeling. Findings show that from the perspective of Tabriz Bazar tourists, contextualism had a positive effect on brand equity. As a result, the contextualism model obtained in the present study and the preservation of social, cultural and historical values can be used to strengthen the special value of the Tabriz Bazar brand.

    Keywords: Contextualism, Brand Equity, Tabriz Bazar, Thematic Analysis, City Brand
  • فاطمه زادولی، محمدحسن یزدانی*
    مقدمه

    امروزه طرح های توسعه ی شهری متعددی در راستای غلبه بر مشکلات و دست یابی به توسعه و پایداری شهرها تهیه و اجرا می گردد. طرح هایی که به نظر در محتوا و اجرا دارای مشکلات متعددی هستند و ضروری است با ارزیابی کمی-کیفی و شناسایی نقاط ضعف این طرح ها به ارائه ی طرح هایی واقع گرایانه، منعطف و اجرایی مبادرت نمود.

    هدف پژوهش: 

    هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی طرح تفصیلی شهر اردبیل بر اساس روش تلفیقی است.

    روش شناسی تحقیق: 

    پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربری و به روش توصیفی تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش 10نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران مناطق شهری اردبیل و همچنین اعضای شورای این شهر است که با استفاده از روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شده اند. روش اصلی این پژوهش تلفیق روش فرایند تهیه و اجرای برنامه و طرح/فرایند/نتایج است که در راستای آن از مدل های PLS و SSIMو PESTLE استفاده شده است.قلمرو جغرافیایی پژوهش: قلمرو جغرافیایی این پژوهش شهر اردبیل است.

    یافته ها و بحث:

     یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که در معیار انطباق ضعف مدیریتی، عدم سازماندهی صحیح و عدم تخصیص بودجه کافی توسط دولت از دلایل عدم تحقق سرانه کاربریها است.در معیار انسجام درونی ایجاد پارکینگ در میادین مرکزی شهر و در اطراف منطقه مرکزی شهر بیشترین تاثیر و جلوگیری از رشد افقی شهر کمترین تاثیر را دارد. در معیار ارتباط هم اهداف بیست گانه طرح بیشتر در راستای اهداف جمعیتی و اجتماعی بوده و بخشی از آن به سوءمدیریت مربوط است. در معیار انسجام بیرونی با توجه به تحقیقات انجام شده اکثر تراکم های پیشنهادی محقق نشده است. معیار منابع مالی و انسانی نیز با توجه به شرایط ناپایدار اقتصادی شهرداری اردبیل، موفق نبوده است. عدم موفقیت معیار مشارکت در اجرای طرح و برنامه ریزی به علت اعتقاد برخی متخصصان به عدم دخالت مردم در طرح به دلیل نداشتن تخصص و مهارت علمی است. در ارتباط با معیار کاربست برنامه می توان گفت که این معیار به هیچ عنوان محقق نشده است و معضلات سیما و منظر شهری اردبیل از پیامد های آن بوده است.

    نتایج

    نتایج تحقیق کمبود قدرت مدیریتی را در طی تهیه و اجرای طرح تفصیلی نشان می دهد.

    کلید واژگان: اردبیل، طرح تفصیلی، روش تلفیقی، مدل PESTLE، حداقل مربعات جزئی(PLS)
    Fatemeh Zadvali, Mohammadhassan Yazdani *
    Introduction

    Today, several urban development plans are prepared and implemented in order to overcome the problems and achieve the development and sustainability of cities. Projects that seem to have many problems in content and implementation and it is necessary to provide realistic, flexible and executable plans by quantitative-qualitative evaluation and identifying the weaknesses of these plans.Goal: The present study is the evaluation of the detailed plan of Ardabil city based on the integrated method.

    Methodology

    The present research is of user type and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study is 10 experts and managers of Ardabil urban areas as well as members of the city council who have been selected using the snowball method. The main method of this research is the combination of "process preparation and implementation process" and "plan / process / results" in which PLS, SSIM and PESTLE models have been used.Geographical area of research: The geographical area of this research is the city of Ardabil.

    Results and discussion

    Findings show that in the criterion of adaptation of managerial weakness, lack of proper organization and lack of adequate budget allocation by the government are the reasons for the lack of per capita land use. The horizontal growth of the city has the least impact. In terms of relationship, the twenty goals of the plan are more in line with demographic and social goals, and part of it is related to mismanagement. In terms of external cohesion, according to the researches, most of the proposed densities have not been achieved. The criterion of financial and human resources has not been successful due to the unstable economic conditions of Ardabil Municipality. The failure of the criterion for participation in the implementation of the plan and planning is due to the belief of some experts that people do not interfere in the plan due to lack of scientific expertise and skills. Regarding the criteria for using the program, it can be said that this criterion has not been met at all and the problems of Ardabil TV and urban landscape have been one of its consequences.

    Keywords: Ardabil, PESTLE Model, Detailed Design, Integrated Method, Partial Least Squares (PLS)
  • محمدحسن یزدانی*، ژیلا فرزانه سادات زارنجی
    زمینه و هدف 

    از آن جا که زمین های پیرامون شهری، به ویژه در شهرهای ایران به عنوان محیط پشتیبان شهر مورد توجه هستند و در عین حال، بخش زیادی از شهرهای ایران در پس کرانه زمین های کشاورزی و عوارض و پدیده های طبیعی و انسانی ایجاد شده اند؛ بنابراین توجه به تعیین جهتی مناسب برای رشد و توسعه آتی شهر اهمیت بسیاری دارد. از این رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر، مکان یابی بهینه گسترش کالبدی شهر سردشت با استفاده از روش های ترکیبی و فرایند انتقال شبکه فازی سامانه اطلاعات مکانی است.

    روش 

    روش پژوهش حاضر با توجه به هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت، توصیفی تحلیلی است. برای رسیدن به هدف پژوهش لایه های اطلاعاتی مختلف، از جمله ارتفاع، درصد شیب، جهت دامنه، فاصله از معابر اصلی، فاصله از مرکز شهر، فاصله از مناطق حفاظت شده جنگلی، فاصله از منابع آب، کاربری اراضی، فاصله از آبراهه و فاصله از گسل به محیط نرم افزار ARC GIS وارد شده و ضمن تجزیه و تحلیل آن ها در پایگاه اطلاعاتی سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی با استفاده از فرایند تحلیلی شبکه ای فازی، اراضی مناسب توسعه فیزیکی آتی شهر سردشت مشخص شد. 

    یافته ها

    با توجه به یافته های تحقیق طبقه کاملا مناسب و نسبتا مناسب در قسمت های جنوب، جنوب غربی، شمال شرقی و غرب قرارگرفته است. طبقه نامناسب در قسمت های انتهایی جنوب شهر و قسمت های کوچکی به صورت پراکنده در محدوده مورد مطالعه قرار دارند. طبقه کاملا نامناسب قسمت های شمال، شمال غربی، شرق و قسمت هایی از مناطق غربی شهر را نیز در بر می گیرد.

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج پژوهش نشان داد بر مبنای نقشه هم پوشانی به دست آمده که حاصل مدل های فازی و ANP است، بهترین اراضی جهت توسعه آتی شهر سردشت با توجه به موقعیت مکانی شهر به صورت پراکنده در قسمت های جنوب ، جنوب غربی، شمال شرقی و غرب قرار گرفته است. همچنین نامناسب ترین قسمت ها در این زمینه در محدوده شرق، شمال غرب و قسمت هایی از غرب شهر به صورت پراکنده قرار دارند.

    کلید واژگان: توسعه فیزیکی، مدیریت بحران، سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، ANP، شهر سردشت
    Mohammadhassan Yazdani*, Zhila Farzaneh Sadat Zaranji
    Background and objective 

    Since the land surrounding the city, especially in Iranian cities, is considered as a supporting environment for the city, and at the same time, a large part of Iranian cities are created behind the banks of agricultural lands and natural and human phenomena. Paying attention to determining a suitable direction for the future growth and development of the city is very important. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to find the optimal location of the physical expansion of Sardasht City using the combined Hasse method and the fuzzy network analytical process (FANP) of the spatial information system. 

    Method 

    The method of the current research is practical and analytical in terms of its descriptive nature, in order to achieve the goal of the research, different layers of information, including height, percentage of slope, slope direction, distance from main roads, distance from the city center, distance from areas Forest protection, distance from water sources, land use, distance from waterways and distance from watersheds are included in ARC GIS software and while analyzing them in geographic information system database using FANP, lands It was found suitable for the future physical development of Sardasht City.

    Results 

    The results of the research showed that based on the overlap map obtained, which is the result of fuzzy models and  analytic network process (ANP), the best lands for the future development of Sardasht City are scattered in the south, southwest, northeast and west parts of the city. Also, the most unsuitable parts in this field are scattered in the east, northwest and parts of the west of the city

    Conclusion

    According to the findings of the research, the completely suitable and relatively suitable floor is located in the south, southwest, northeast and west parts. Unsuitable floors are located in the south end of the city and small parts are scattered in the study area. The completely inappropriate class includes the north, northwest, east and parts of the western areas of the city.

    Keywords: Physical Development, Crisis Management, Geographic Information System, ANP, Sardasht City
  • سمیرا سعیدی زارنجی، محمدحسن یزدانی*

    به عنوان یکی از موضوعات مهم الگوی شهری در کشور ما، الگوهای سنتی متاثر از طرح های جامع شهری و مدیریت شهری حاکم می باشد که باعث گسترش افقی شهرها می گردد. بر همین اساس گسترش بدون برنامه و ناموزون سبب بروز اختلالات مختلف در پیکره ی شهرها شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی برند مسکن آپارتمان های بلند با خانه و آپارتمان کوتاه در شهر اردبیل از دیدگاه ساکنان با استفاده از فن نقشه ادراکی می باشد. دراین راستا به بررسی تطبیق ارزش برند خانه های تک واحدی به برج های مسکونی در جهت بلندمرتبه سازی و جلوگیری از توسعه افقی شهر جهت برنامه ریزی آتی در شهر اردبیل انجام گرفته است. روش اصلی مورد استفاده در این پژوهش تحلیلی-توصیفی می باشد. داده های مورد نیاز در این بررسی از طریق روش های میدانی و کتابخانه‎ای گردآوری شده اند. جامعه آماری پژوهش منطبق بر ساکنان خانه های ویلایی و آپارتمان های بلند که قبلا به ترتیب در آپارتمان های بلند و خانه های ویلایی سکونت داشته اند می باشد که به روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی صورت گرفته است. برای تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار SPSS  و آزمون های آماری (t تک نمونه ای و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون) و نقشه ادراکی استفاده شده است. باتوجه به یافته های حاصل از پژوهش حاضر بین دیدگاه ساکنان در مورد جایگاه برند خانه های ویلایی و آپارتمان های کوتاه با برج های مسکونی تفاوت وجود دارد. و خانه های ویلایی و آپارتمان های کوتاه از لحاظ تصویر نسبت به برج های مسکونی از جایگاه بهتری برخوردار می باشند. همچنین در زمینه میزان رضایتمندی از مسکن، برج های مسکونی از جایگاه بهتری نسبت به خانه های ویلایی و آپارتمان های کوتاه قرار دارند. طبق نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر، با توجه به نقاط قوت آپارتمان های بلند می توان با اقدامات آتی در جهت توسعه پایدار و توسعه درون شهری و بلندمرتبه سازی در شهر اردبیل برنامه ریزی نمود.

    کلید واژگان: وفاداری برندمسکن، تصویر برند مسکن، فن نقشه ادراکی، معادلات ساختاری، شهراردبیل
    Samira Saeidi Zaranji, MohammadHassan Yazdani *
    Background and Objectives

    As urban populations increase and cities tackle with environmental crises and instabilities, achieving sustainable urban development hinges on understanding and promoting a sustainable physical city layout. The concept of the compact city has drawn significant attention and support. However, in our country, traditional patterns embedded in comprehensive urban plans, along with influences from current urban management, have led to the horizontal expansion of cities, resulting in a scattered urban pattern. Addressing the numerous challenges cities face may necessitate transitioning towards denser urban environments. The “positioning” process plays a crucial role for companies, enabling them to select a strategic market position and enhance their brand’s success.

    Methods

    The current study adopts an applied approach in terms of its purpose and utilizes a descriptive-analytical method. Regarding the study’s nature, data was collected by means of survey method using a questionnaire. To ensure the questionnaire’s validity, it underwent scrutiny by professors and experts, due to the absence of prior research in this area. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was employed to assess questionnaire reliability, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.723 for high-rise apartments and 0.782 for houses, indicating high reliability of the questionnaire. The study’s statistical population comprises residents of high-rise towers in Ardabil (District 2) who have previously resided in houses or apartments, as well as house residents who have previously lived in high-rise towers. Snowball sampling was employed to determine the sample size. The research questionnaires consist of two parts: the first part pertains to personal characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, income, occupation, and education, while the second part focuses on research variables, including brand image and loyalty, cultural and social factors, security, economic aspects, infrastructure facilities, open spaces, spatial identity, physical characteristics, lighting and ventilation, management and maintenance, landscape, and transportation access for high-rise buildings and houses. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, employing one-sample t-statistical methods and a Pearson correlation coefficient. Perceptual mapping was employed to depict the brand positioning of high-rise complexes and low-rise apartments from residents’ perspectives, aiming to address the research question.

    Findings

    According to the findings, houses and low-rise apartments are positioned favorably in terms of image and housing brand compared to high-rise towers, as indicated by perceptual maps. However, satisfaction with high-rise towers is ideal in comparison to houses and low-rise apartments on perceptual maps. The one-sample t-test results indicate that the significance level for most variables is below 0.05, leading to the confirmation of the alternative hypothesis (H1) at a confidence level of 95%. This confirms a significant relationship between the average rank of residents’ perspectives and housing pattern dimensions. Consequently, an obvious difference exists between residents’ perceptions of brand positioning for houses and low-rise apartments against high-rise residential towers, with the former showing better image and brand loyalty. Additionally, Pearson correlation tests reveal a positive and significant correlation between image and brand loyalty variables, as well as housing satisfaction with individual characteristics such as marital status, income, occupation, age, and education. However, no significant negative correlation was found between image and loyalty with regards to gender. The results indicate a significant relationship between image variables, brand loyalty, and satisfaction with individual characteristics at a 95% confidence level, with significance levels of 000, 0.001, 000, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.001 for gender, marriage, income, job, age and education respectively, and with respective correlation coefficients of 0.46, 0.605, 0.337 0.250, 0.652 0.561.

    Conclusion

    Peripheral and horizontal urban development not only leads to the reduction of agricultural lands surrounding cities but also gives rise to various other significant issues. These include rising costs associated with urban infrastructure creation and maintenance, intensifying congestion and traffic, and increasing the length and frequency of commutes. In response to the negative effects of urban over-expansion, which have economic, social, and environmental consequences, new approaches to urban development planning have emerged since the 1990s. These methods, inspired by the principles of sustainable urban development introduced in the 1970s, advocate for mixed land use development, prioritization of public transportation-centered development, and intra-city sustainable development initiatives, saving widespread support. Recent census data from 1976 to 2006 indicates that Ardabil city has experienced horizontal expansion over the years, resulting in the loss of agricultural lands and inadequate services in suburban areas. This underscores issues of spatial injustice and suboptimal land use distribution in certain areas. The research suggests that by promoting the branding of high-rise residential towers and apartments, cities can curb horizontal expansion and promote vertical development. Interestingly, residents perceive houses more favorably than high-rise residential towers. Utilizing effective advertising campaigns can potentially alter citizens’ perceptions of tall buildings, facilitating urban development while minimizing the need for further horizontal expansion.

    Keywords: housing brand loyalty, housing brand image, perceptual mapping technique, Structural Equations, Ardabil City
  • محمدحسن یزدانی*، حسین سعدلونیا، قاسم زارعی، رحیم حیدری چیانه

    جهانی شدن موجب همگرایی فرهنگی و کالبدی در سطح جهان شده است و این پدیده در توسعه های کالبدی جدید ازجمله در مجتمع های تجاری مشاهده می شود. حال سوال این است که آیا همگرایی فرهنگی برای گردشگران جذابیت و کشش ایجاد می کند یا گردشگران به الگوهای فرهنگی و کالبدی بومی و زمینه ای بیشتر رغبت نشان می دهند. پژوهش حاضر در راستای پاسخ به این پرسش، اثر زمینه گرایی را در ارزش ویژه برند فضاهای تجاری مدرن با نمونه موردی مجتمع تجاری لاله پارک تبریز مورد سنجش قرار داده است. پژوهش حاضر با روش ترکیبی با طرح متوالی اکتشافی (ابتدا کیفی، سپس کمی) عملیاتی شده است. در ابتدا برای به دست آوردن الگوی زمینه گرایی فضاهای تجاری مدرن از مصاحبه با متخصصین استفاده شد و پس از رسیدن به اشباع نظری از روش تحلیل مضمون برای تحلیل داده های پژوهش استفاده شد و درنهایت، الگوی زمینه گرایی فضاهای تجاری به دست آمد. سپس این الگو به شکل سوالات در پرسشنامه طراحی شد و در کنار سوالات متغیر ارزش ویژه برند جای گرفت. این پرسشنامه در بین 374 گردشگر   مجتمع تجاری لاله پارک توزیع شده و داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Smart-PlS با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. به دلیل استقرایی بودن داده های زمینه گرایی مورداستفاده در پرسشنامه، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با روش واریمکس صورت پذیرفت و داده های زمینه گرایی در سه دسته زمینه گرایی نمادین، زمینه گرایی همگرایانه و زمینه گرایی جغرافیایی جای گرفتند. پس از انجام تحلیل عاملی تاییدی، آزمون های مربوط به مدل معادلات ساختاری انجام شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که متغیر زمینه گرایی بر ارزش ویژه برند در مجتمع لاله پارک از دیدگاه گردشگران اثر مثبت با ضریب مسیر767/0 دارد. نتیجه کلی پژوهش این است که زمینه گرایی و توجه به ارزش ها و شرابط فرهنگی، تاریخی، محیطی بر ارزش ویژه برند مجتمع تجاری لاله پارک و جذابیت و برآورده کردن انتظارات گردشگران تاثیر مثبت دارد.

    کلید واژگان: زمینه گرایی، ارزش ویژه برند، مجتمع لاله پارک، تحلیل مضمون، مدل معادلات ساختاری
    MohammadHassan Yazdani*, Hossein Sadlounia, Ghasem Zarei, Rahim Heydari Chianeh
    Introduction

    Because of globalization and cultural globalization, local and national identities getting deformed. Have been lost their originality and social interaction, places transform to the planeness Relph stated that this placeness have qualities like biformal, sense of none formality, deforestation of places.Since tourist are tend to visit urban spaces that are unique and have different qualities, so, the repetitions of other communities urbanism patterns in urban areas would have negative effects on attraction of urban spaces. So, there seem to have need to put local pattern and values in cornerstone of urban policy. Thus, urban spaces are required to be context friendly to be more competitive and attractive.Besides, since there is a critical demand for shopping malls and restoring classic Bazzars, cultural transformation of time passing, dominance of classicity and new needs of communities including tourists, it is logical to offer contextualism pattern in such spaces. Unless there would be such a new pattern, it can be deteriorated function and branding of the spaces. Getting the pattern, it is required to empirically test its impacts on brand equity of Lalehpark shopping center. As if it would have positive on brand equity it would be recommended to apply this pattern for designing such shopping spaces.

    Materials and Methods

    Aiming to sort out particular problem of the society, the research is considered as applied one. The method is considered as mixed method which firstly thematic method (as a qualitative method) were included in the research. For doing thematic analysis for getting contextualism pattern for modern shopping centers, interviews were done and in 9th interview theoretical saturation were recognized in the research process. In this phase, thematic analysis started to work and after initial coding, it is required to mix the codes. The mixed codes forms main and sub themes. By making sub theme, the codes have hemoginity categorize in same main theme, and then by using the components extracted of it for contextualism its impact on brand equity were examined by  structural equation modeling . the appropriate software were determined for executing such a modeling was Smart-Pls. doing explanatory factor analysis, data were inserted to Smart-PlS to have firstly some tests on validity, reliability, T-valueand based on them three items were removed to have valid results.

    Discussion

    The results shows that there is a positive impact of contextualism on brand equity by .767 route coeffienct, as well there is such a positive impact between contextualism contextualism i.e. symbolic contextulaism, convergence contextualism and geographic contextualism and brand equity variable. The results imply that in order to have a great brand equity in such shopping centers it is better to practical execute of the pattern in such shopping centers. As well, the results indicate that to have attractiveness in such shopping centers it should include some historical and cultural values in designing.Although the research made some different pattern for shopping centers that have not ever offered but there is a similarity with background researches such as Merriles and etal and Eladly.In spite of having some good features such as its attractiveness, publicity, offering well-known brands, there would be some recommendation for its improvement:1-making bus line and sub way system terminated to Lalehpark.2- Have more cultural events in the shopping center.3- Completing shopping center projects surrounded to Lalehpark and harmonize them with Lalehpark as distinctive building based in the area.4-offering spaces for youth such as sitting areas or reading areas.5- Prioritizing low income individuals demands and offering affordable products.6- Making separation of food court and path to have more calm and safe place for serving food.

    Keywords: contextualism, brand equity, Lalehpark, thematic analysis, structural modeling
  • جلیل محمدی*، علیرضا محمدی، عطا غفاری گیلانده، محمدحسن یزدانی

    شهرهای جهان به دلیل افزایش جمعیت و پیچیده تر شدن، دشواری های بیشتری در راه تحقق امنیت دارند. هدف از این پژوهش لزوم توجه به نظریه شهر هوشمند به عنوان یک راه حل به منظور ارتقاء امنیت در شهرها و ارایه راهکارهای هوشمندانه بوده است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی - تحلیلی است. از 30 شاخص در قالب 6 معیار اصلی، برای سنجش، رتبه بندی و تحلیل محلات 57 گانه شهرزنجان استفاده شده است. با استفاده از روش کوکران نمونه گیری به تعداد 400 نمونه انجام شده است. از روش ضریب پراکندگی (CV) و مدل ویکور (VIKOR) در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) برای تجزیه و تحلیل و رتبه بندی محلات استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در مجموع شاخص ها، از تعداد 57 محله شهر زنجان، 11 محله دارای وضعیت کاملا نامطلوب، 24 محله دارای وضعیت نامطلوب، 17 محله در وضعیت تا حدی مطلوب و 5 محله در وضعیت مطلوب از نظر شاخص های امنیتی قرار دارند. و به صورت کلی 54 درصد محلات شهر دارای وضعیت نامطلوب از نظر معیارهای امنیتی هوشمند شهر هستند.

    کلید واژگان: امنیت هوشمند، شهر هوشمند، مدل ویکور، سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی، شهر زنجان
    Jalil Mohammadi*, Alireza Mohammadi, Ata Ghaffari Gilandeh, MohammadHassan Yazdani
    Introduction 

    As a home and all its interior spaces provide shelter for the family and its guests, the city and its spaces should provide safety and security for all residents and observers alike. Smart cities are predicted to be the future of human cities, a vibrant, flexible, sustainable, creative, and livable city of technology. And increasingly becoming are part of a national perspective where technologies are widely used to encompass processes of all dimensions of urban development, planning and management. Interest in the concept of smart city has grown steadily over the last few years, research on the Internet of Things and the Urban Area has been presented to clarify definitions, assessments and improvements in smart city services. Smart city security is a global initiative, not for greater profit but to address the security problems of the future and the future of smart cities through collaboration between companies, governments, the media and people's initiatives around the world. At present, safety and security are the main advantages of smart cities. Now the smart city is said to be a city with intelligent components including smart economy, intelligent transportation, intelligent environment, smart citizens, intelligent lifestyle and intelligent office management. In Iran, according to the latest decisions taken at the Ministry of Interior, intelligence has been targeted at least five cities in Urumia, Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad and Tehran. In Zanjan, efforts and efforts to become a smart city are under way. The purpose of this research is to measure the status and ranking of 57 Zanjan neighborhoods in terms of intelligent city security indicators and determine the role of each indicator in determining the current status of neighborhoods in terms of smart city security indicators. This research seeks to answer these two main questions: 1. What is the status and rank of Zanjan's neighborhoods in the smart city security indicators? 2. Which indicators play the most role in determining the current status of neighborhood security?

    Methodology :

    The present research is methodological, descriptive-analytical and in terms of approach, theoretical and practical. In the first step, the criteria and sub-criteria are derived using the basics and background of the research. In the second step, the criteria and sub criteria of research are categorized. Due to the lack of accurate spatial data in Iranian cities, a researchermade tool has been constructed and a sampling method has been used to measure the indices. After designing a questionnaire, the first pre-test was used to determine the validity and reliability of the measuring instruments for 30 people. The statistical population of the study consists of 110154 households living or active in civilian units with various uses in the 57 district of Zanjan. Sampling was done using a partial method. To determine the sample size, the Cochran method was used and 384 households were selected to complete the forms, which was upgraded to 400 samples to ensure more samples. The reliability of the tool was measured using Cronbach's alpha, 0.871, which confirms the reliability of the tool at the optimal level. In this method, K represents the number of items and Si represents the standard deviation of the total score of the items. According to the purpose and the research questions, using the wikror method, for ranking the neighborhoods in the indexes, and using the scatter coefficient method to analyze the distribution and balance method in the internal distribution of indices in the neighborhoods.

    Result & Discussion:

     The results of this study are consistent with the results of the research of Nobakht and Aminian (2015), Sarvqudi and Shakeri (2017), Kalavia et al. (2012) and Philiponi et al. (2010). The present study, which was done using the wikur method and its output was mapped in a map, showed that some of the neighborhoods have a favorable situation and others are in a totally unfavorable situation. The results of this study showed that in total of 57 indicators in Zanjan city, 11 neighborhoods with unfavorable status, 24 undesirable neighborhoods, 17 neighborhoods in somewhat favorable condition and 5 neighborhoods in optimal situation. In explaining the reasons for the situation in Zanjan's neighborhoods in intelligent security indicators, one can analyze that: firstly, the neighborhoods have a favorable situation, in line with the historical context and the business center of the city, or some new settlements with an age of more than 15 years, and the neighborhoods of middle income groups Top of the city, which has significant services in the public and private sectors, and is also superior in terms of infrastructure. Secondly, the neighborhoods are in a state of play in keeping with newer settlements with less history or new settlements under construction and development in which the services and infrastructure are not sufficiently provided, although they are progressing. Thirdly, neighborhoods in an undesirable and totally undesirable condition mainly consist of several types of urban texture. Among them are the newly built and urbanized settlements, old townships and urban wastewater, slum and marginal neighborhoods, and urban-urban neighborhoods integrated into the city and are part of the city's districts, but lack significant infrastructure and public services.

    Conclusion :

    In total, research findings showed that about 49% of the city's neighborhoods are in an unfavorable position in terms of intelligent security indicators. Given the impact of security on a variety of issues such as citizenship satisfaction, social welfare, development and progress, and so on, the percentage seems to be high and unacceptable. Because security, in today's life, is the alphabet of any urban development and planning. What was learned from the research findings is that there are many problems in the area of intelligent security in the city of Zanjan in the whole of the city, which is often related to the infrastructure section of this issue. Considering the prospect of smart urban development at the international and national level, the need to create an initial infrastructure for a smart urban development is a necessity. There are also significant differences in intelligence security in different city areas. Most of the newly constructed neighborhoods are under construction, due to the incompleteness of infrastructure, the growth of disadvantaged urban areas, urban poverty, or urban frosts, due to the formation of outside the frameworks and principles of urbanization and, ultimately, marginalized or integrated villages in the city due to lack of justice in terms of infrastructure, they are inappropriate in terms of intelligent security indicators.

    Keywords: Smart intelligence, intelligent city, wikour model, geographic informationsystem, zanjan city
  • محمدحسن یزدانی*، عطا غفاری گیلانده، فرحناز ویس مرادی

    هشتاد درصد از شهرهای جهان در مناطقی قرار دارند که حداقل سالی یک بار براثر مخاطرات طبیعی آسیب دیده اند. هنگامی که یک مخاطره طبیعی رخ می دهد کسانی که خانه های خود را در اثر این مخاطره از دست می دهند، در حالی که خانه هایشان بازسازی می شود، به جایی برای زندگی و نیاز به یافتن مکان های جایگزین دارند. هدف این تحقیق مکانیابی بهینه ی اسکان موقت در شهر کرمانشاه، با روش توصیفی و متکی بر پیمایش های میدانی با استفاده از مدل جمع وزنی weighted sum و نرم افزار تحلیلی_ترسیمی  ArcGIS به صورت ترکیبی بوده است. در این راستا، در مرحله جمع آوری اطلاعات و داده های اولیه، از مطالعات کتابخانه ای و توزیع پرسشنامه بین خبرگان مرتبط با موضوع مورد مطالعه استفاده شد. با توجه به 9 معیار مهم و موثر شیب، دسترسی به راه، فاصله از مراکز نظامی و انتظامی، دسترسی به مراکز آتش نشانی، دسترسی به منابع آب و برق، فاصله از مناطق سیل خیز، تراکم جمعیتی و فاصله از تاسیسات خطرزا است که مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از معیارهای پژوهش گویای این امر بود که از ترکیب شاخص های 9 گانه در شهر کرمانشاه 1 درصد از محدوده شهر در پهنه مطلوبیت خیلی کم، 11 درصد در پهنه مطلوبیت کم، 37 درصد در پهنه مطلوبیت متوسط، 38 درصد در پهنه مطلوبیت زیاد و 13 درصد در پهنه مطلوبیت خیلی زیاد واقع شده است.

    کلید واژگان: مکان یابی، اسکان موقت، مدیریت بحران، زلزله، GIS، کرمانشاه
    MohammadHassan Yazdani *, Ata Ghaffarigilande, Farahnaz Veismoradi
    Introduction

    A crisis is a crisis that threatens our country due to special geographical conditions. According to official statistics in the last 29 years, 1% of the country's human casualties were caused by earthquakes, and on average every year an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 on the Richter scale occurs in the country for 11 years (Attar), 2012: 8).From the point of view of geology, Iran has a zone of lithological structure such as Central Iran, Zagros, Northeastern Iran, Northwestern Iran and Azerbaijan zone, which the thrust and elevated structure of Zagros is considered as one of the most active of these zones. It includes faults such as Sahne, Durood, Qala Hatem. The seismic characteristics of Zagros show that compared to other structural zones, the frequency of earthquakes is high. The central Iranian and Arabian plates are constantly pressing on the Zagros region, and this is the reason why more earthquakes occur in Zagros than in other regions. The studied area of ​​Kermanshah region is an earthquake zone in terms of seismicity. This province, which is located in the Zagros region, has high seismic activity. These earthquakes usually occur around known seismic faults in the province, including the High Zagros Fault (High Zagros Fault, 2014: 114). Despite numerous researches in the field of locating temporary accommodation on the subject of seismic vulnerability, its suitable and usable place after the earthquake with the approach of crisis management in urban areas has received less attention. The city of Kermanshah is a prone region in terms of earthquakes, and due to its location in a geographical area with a high risk of earthquakes, knowing the vulnerable and resistant areas and planning for the correct and appropriate location of temporary accommodation in time The occurrence of an earthquake is necessary to prevent or reduce the possible danger in this city. This research is complementary to the previous research and with more effective criteria and indicators by providing a practical, efficient, simple and logical method for locating temporary accommodation in order to prepare the city with their specific complexity in responding to crises caused by earthquakes. Is. As an example, the Ezgele earthquake in Kermanshah in 2016 with a magnitude of 3.7 on the Richter scale occurred 11 km from Ezgele section and 32 km from Sarpol-Zahab city, which killed and injured more than 12 thousand people. And since then, due to the lack of single policies in the field of emergency, temporary and permanent housing, problems have been created for housing people. Therefore, the existence of a suitable place to live in Sharat after natural hazards, especially earthquakes, is essential for the city of Kermanshah. The present study, taking into account the stages of crisis management of an earthquake-prone city, tries to address the problem of locating suitable spaces for the construction of temporary accommodation camps.

    Methodology

    This research is of an applied type and according to the investigated components, the approach that governs it is the descriptive-analytical method. The aim of the present research is to analyze the important and influential criteria for the correct location of temporary accommodation in Kermanshah city. In order to achieve this goal, in accordance with the objectives of the research, the required information has been collected using library research, documents and interviews with experts, and then the criteria used for positioning have been selected based on the positioning criteria. The current approach to spatial analysis has been carried out by using the weighted sum model and the ranking method and ArcGIS software.

    Results

    -Road situation: The analysis of the results of the Kermanshah city situation based on the road access index using GIS analysis software shows that 75% of the city is in the very low vulnerability zone, 7% is in the low vulnerability zone, and 5% is in the vulnerability zone. On average, 3% is in the high vulnerability zone and 10% is in the very high vulnerability zone.Population density: Examining the results of the state of Kermanshah city based on the population density index using GIS analysis-mapping software, shows that 27% of the city is in the very low vulnerability zone, 27% in the low vulnerability zone, 26% in the medium vulnerability zone. 11% is in the high vulnerability zone and 10% is in the very high vulnerability zone.Location to administrative, law enforcement and military centers: Examining the results of Kermanshah city status based on the index of access to administrative, law enforcement and military centers using GIS software, shows that 7% of the city area is in the very low vulnerability zone, 12% in the vulnerability zone low, 13% in the medium vulnerability zone, 12% in the high vulnerability zone and 57% in the very high vulnerability zone.The location of fire stations: the analysis of the results of Kermanshah city based on the index of access to fire stations using GIS analysis software shows that 2 percent of the city is in the very low vulnerability zone, 5 percent in the low vulnerability zone, 8 percent in In the medium vulnerability zone, 32% is in the high vulnerability zone and 53% is in the very high vulnerability zone.Land slope: This criterion is measured by the slope index. Examining the results of Kermanshah city status based on the land slope index using GIS analytical-mapping software, shows that 46% of the city area is in the very low vulnerability zone, 33% in the low vulnerability zone, 11% in the medium vulnerability zone, 6% in the vulnerability zone. high and 4% is in the zone of very high vulnerability.Distance from flood-prone areas: The evaluation of the results of Kermanshah city status based on the index of distance from flood-prone areas using GIS analysis-mapping software shows that 16% of the city area is in the very low vulnerability zone, 11% in the low vulnerability zone, 19% in the low vulnerability zone. In the zone of moderate vulnerability, 25% is in the zone of high vulnerability and 29% is in the zone of very high vulnerability.Distance from hazardous facilities: To measure this criterion, the indicators of electrical facilities, gasoline pumps, gas pumps and gas pressure reduction stations have been used in terms of their functional nature and hazard. Analyzing the results of the state of Kermanshah city based on the index of distance from dangerous facilities using GIS analytical-mapping software, it shows that 13% of the city area is in the very low vulnerability zone, 12% in the low vulnerability zone, 25% in the medium vulnerability zone. 34% is in the zone of high vulnerability and 16% is in the zone of very high vulnerability.Status of water sources: The results of Kermanshah city situation based on the index of access to water resources using GIS analysis-mapping software show that 9% of the city is in the very low vulnerability zone, 17% in the low vulnerability zone, and 15% in the vulnerability zone. On average, 32% is in the high vulnerability zone and 27% is in the very high vulnerability zone.Location to power sources Construction of camps and temporary accommodation sites in the power transmission routes due to the provision of lighting and the use of heating devices. The evaluation of the results of the status of Kermanshah city based on the index of access to electricity resources using GIS analytical-mapping software shows that 9% of the city area is in the very low vulnerability zone, 8% in the low vulnerability zone, 8% in the medium vulnerability zone, 26% in The zone of high vulnerability and 49% is placed in the zone of very high vulnerability.The final map of the optimal location of temporary accommodation bases after defining the important criteria and analyzing the indicators in the studied area is as follows: The results of the combination of 9 indicators in the city of Kermanshah indicate that 1% of the city area In the area of ​​very low desirability, 11% is in the area of ​​low desirability, 37% is in the area of ​​medium desirability, 38% is in the area of ​​high desirability, and 13% is in the area of ​​very high desirability.

     Discussion & Conclusions

    In this research, according to the nature of the research and examination of the environmental conditions of Kermanshah city and the important indicators that are selected and evaluated according to the topic. After examining the determining and influencing factors on the temporary accommodation system and identifying the factors, the results were 9 indicators, which should be applied in the present study with general and specific evaluations (relative to the conditions of the study area). It became a scientific source of consolidation.Investigating and identifying the most accurate features in choosing the location of safe shelters: (slope, access to roads, distance from centers and management, access to firefighting centers, access to water and electricity sources, distance from flood-prone areas, and distance of dangerous risks) is considered And the results of the research showed that the important criteria and options in choosing the right place for temporary accommodation are centers that are identified as the best places that are far from the river and sensitive and dangerous uses such as gas stations and pressure lines. It should be maintained strong and close to essential service centers such as medical centers and fire stations, provided with water and electricity sources, accessible by communication lines, and the probability of damage and blocking of roads should be low. Examining the points selected in the final map shows that in the city of Kermanshah, these points are suitable for use according to important criteria such as: accessibility, distance from sensitive uses, proximity to service areas and distance from flood prone areas. It is in critical condition. The results of the current research show the capability of multi-criteria decision-making methods and geographic information system in identifying areas prone to temporary settlement. Therefore, according to the findings and results of this research, it is suggested that relevant organs, departments and organizations such as the municipality, the governorate, the crisis management center of the Kermanshah Fire Organization, etc., by creating comprehensive and updated databases of all details and elements A city based on the geographic information system should always be prepared for the temporary settlement of the population in the wake of the earthquake crisis. -Preparation of basic and suitable infrastructures for selected sites such as sanitary facilities, water sources, lighting system, etc., so that in case of an earthquake, it has the necessary conditions to accommodate the population, and the need to spend time for not provide these services. Accommodation centers should be located near roads that provide access to different parts on the one hand, and on the other hand, the probability of damage and blockage of these roads is low so that the risk of cutting off access, accommodation, relief and rescue operations does not stop. Zagros seismic zone has its own seismic mechanism. The fault systems and the earthquakes that occurred there follow the special pattern of the Zagros earthquake province, so planning and management should be done by evaluating the existing conditions and taking into account all the conditions of the region and the needs of the people. be carefully examined.

    Keywords: Location, Temporary Accommodation, crisis management, Earthquake, GIS, Kermanshah
  • معصومه قاسمی خویی، محمدحسن یزدانی*، علیرضا محمدی، رسول قربانی

    الگوهای توسعه فضایی شهرها یکی از مهم ترین مسایل مطرح در حوزه پایداری شهرها است که توسعه پایدار شهری شدیدا متاثر از این الگوهای فضایی توسعه است و در این سال ها انتخاب این الگو یکی از بزرگ ترین چالش های شهر سازان و برنامه ریزان بوده است. نوشهرگرایی یکی از متاخرترین الگوهای توسعه شهری است که متاثر از دیدگاه های شهرسازی پست مدرن و توسعه پایدار شهری است و تحقیقات علمی فراوانی صحت این ادعا را اثبات کرده اند. در تحقیق حاضر تلاش شده است با توجه به برخی از اصول دیدگاه نوشهرگرایی بافت شهرک پرواز تبریز ازنظر مکانی-فضایی موردبررسی قرارگرفته و نحوه توسعه این محله از نظر اصول یادشده بررسی شود و درنهایت میزان انطباق توسعه این محله با اصول نوشهرگرایی ارزیابی شود. این تحقیق از نظر نوع جز تحقیقات کاربردی-توسعه ای و از نظر روش جز تحقیقات توصیفی-تحلیلی است که در جریان تحقیق جهت تکمیل داده ها از روش های کتابخانه ای و پیمایشی استفاده شده و جهت تحلیل اطلاعات از روش های آماری و نرم افزارهای سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی استفاده شده است. بررسی ها و نتایج حاکی از تطابق بالای توسعه شهرک پرواز تبریز با اصول رشد نوشهرگرایی است.

    کلید واژگان: توسعه فضایی، توسعه پایدار شهری، نوشهرگرایی، شهرک پرواز تبریز
    Masoume Ghasemi, MohammadHassan Yazdani *, Alireza Mohammadi, Rasoul Ghorbani

    The increasing importance of sustainable development at the urban level is due to the rapid increase of the urban population in the world. According to the World Bank report, by 2050, the percentage of the urban population will reach 68% from the current 55%, and 2.5 billion people will be added to the population of cities. Cities have assumed a central role in the discourse of sustainable development due to their demographic and economic importance and their high environmental impact. In many parts of the world, rapid urbanization is taking place on an unprecedented scale, and its severe effects on communities and the environment are evident. To combat the external effects of such rapid and partly uncontrolled development, many cities around the world have introduced various urban development policies. In sum, the discourses promoting sustainable urban development are convinced that environmental, social and economic challenges can be solved through prudent planning and are not conflicting goals. Urbanization is generally seen as positive and cities are portrayed as the frontline of sustainable development. Meanwhile, the spatial development patterns of cities is one of the most important issues in the field of urban sustainability, which is strongly influenced by these spatial development patterns. In these years, choosing this model has been one of the biggest challenges of city builders and planners. The search for an alternative model for urban development dates back to the 1970s. The energy crisis and accumulated government debt in the 1970s led to fiscal conservatism and austerity in the 1980s. The changing fortunes of cities had certainly begun, and many industrial cities showed clear signs of decline. The pioneers of new-urbanism stepped into the arena in this situation where the modern city was challenged. As a solution to the placeless suburbs, they came up with a new version based on traditional neighborhoods that followed historical principles. To alleviate the problems created by machine-oriented development, they advocated urban living in lively, mixed and diverse places. Over the past years, neo-urbanism has become one of the most prominent urban design movements in the United States; Newurbanism is potentially the most influential architectural movement in the United States in the post-Cold War era and is currently one of the most influential planning schemes. The main goal of new-urbanism is to change built environments in order to foster a different way of life. This movement began as an environmental and aesthetic critique of suburban sprawl. Since then, the movement has evolved to promote its design principles to address sustainability issues related to contemporary urbanization in the United States and beyond. The city of Tabriz, like most cities in Iran and cities in the developing countries of the world, has been affected by global changes and the industrial revolution and the influence of modernist ideas, especially in the preparation of urban development plans and the sudden growth and expansion of the city. In fact, Tabriz, like other big cities of the country, faced exogenous and uneven growth, which is the continuous migration from small cities on the one hand and the non-observance of the principle of sustainability in the use of urban resources on the other hand. The decrease in the efficiency of the road network and the main and arterial accesses, the increase in the conversion and change of the arbitrary use of gardens and agricultural lands in and around the city to residential, commercial and service uses, the inequality of the urban areas in meeting the levels and per capita of the general population and the urbanization of the suburbs of Tabriz has pursued residential quays and satellite towns and has contributed to the formation of Tabriz's urban system and spatial polarization of rich and poor in the north and east of the city. In the meantime, the town of Parvaz is one of the residential towns of Tabriz city, which was designed in the 60s and entered the population process, and in these years, with its different environment and design, it has been able to introduce itself as one of the most successful neighborhoods in Tabriz city. which manifests the manifestations of sustainable urban development. In this regard and considering the extreme instability of urban development in Tabriz city, finding a relatively appropriate model to promote urban development is of great importance, which is the necessity of such a research to evaluate the compatibility of the spatial development model of Tabriz flight town with sustainable models and to promote such models. It proves the direction of achieving sustainability.

    Methodology

    In terms of type, this research is part of applied-developmental research and in terms of method it is part of descriptive-analytical research. To collect information from document studies based on the nature of the subject, all types of available documents including books, articles and magazines, theses and websites and databases and statistics and data from related organizations are used. Also, to complete the required data, field studies in the form of surveys and observations and the use of city maps with a scale of 1/2000, satellite images, global positioning device (GPS), field observations, etc. have been used. One of the most important tools used in this research is geographic information system software such as ARC GIS and AutoCAD Map 3D, which are used to analyze the spatial information of the research. The first step of this research is extracting the criteria and practical standards of new urbanism. At this stage, the criteria are extracted using documentary and library studies and using previous researches, but due to the lack of specific standards for these criteria, using the rules of urban planning local and international standards are defined for the criteria. In the next step, the criteria and standards extracted at the level of the studied area are checked and finally the conformity of the spatial development pattern of the area with the pattern of neo-urbanism is evaluated.

    Conclusion

    The purpose of this research is to evaluate the spatial development of Tabriz flight town based on the principles of neo-urbanism. In this regard, the principles of new-urbanism were divided into seven general criteria and each of these criteria was divided into several other indicators and several standards were defined for each of them.Regarding the use mixing index, the presence of six neighborhood uses with the approximate observance of the governor's per capita, the protection index of open and green spaces, the proximity of the green space per capita to the governor's capita and the useful functional radius of green spaces, the index of creating distinct and attractive communities with a strong emphasis on the concept of place The location of the neighborhood center in the geographical center of the town and the useful functional radius of the center and the existence of the edges of the center, an indicator of creating various opportunities from transportation, the existence of a bus network on all main routes, an indicator of creating walkable neighborhoods, the useful functional radius of the center and shopping centers And the appropriate separation of space on the sidewalks, the index of the use of compact buildings and high density, and the index of creating different opportunities to choose housing, with the presence of different types of housing in the town, has created an environment that is highly compatible with the principles of neo-urbanism. Considering the problems mentioned for the city of Tabriz in the field of urban development instability, using the results of this research, the development model of parvaz town can be presented as a suggested model for other areas of the city so that some of its problems in the field of sustainable development can be reduced.

    Keywords: spatial development, sustainable urban development, new urbanism, Parvaz town of Tabriz
  • محمدحسن یزدانی، حسین درخشان، اصغر پاشازاده، فاطمه زادولی*

    امروزه مسکن به عنوان کالایی بادوام، از سرمایه های اصلی خانواده ها به شمار می آید که در ارتباط مستقیمی با درآمد خانوار و جایگاه اقتصادی آن ها قرار دارد. در این خصوص اقشار کمدرآمد، استطاعت مالی برای تهیه مسکن ندارند و از آنجایی هم که بخش خصوصی در این زمینه ناکارآمد عمل می کند لذا، دولت با توجه به سیاستهای خود، مساکن قابل استطاعت برای این اقشار را فراهم نموده است که یکی از این موارد، مسکن مهر می باشد که از نظر پایداری قابل تامل است. شهر اردبیل هم به دلیل بالا بودن مهاجران اش و نیاز به مسکن کم درآمد، از این حیث استثنا نبوده و یکی از مهمترین معضلات این شهر تامین مسکن با کیفیت برای اقشار کم درآمد می باشد. به همین سبب هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی پایداری مسکن قابل استطاعت شهر اردبیل می باشد. پژوهش پیش رو از نظر هدف، کاربردی بوده و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. جامعه آماری در این پژوهش شهروندان اردبیلی ساکن در مساکن مهر و مساکن واقع در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی می باشد، که به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده در دسترس از 385 نفر پرسشنامه جمع آوری شده است. به منظور تحلیل داده های پژوهش، از روش حداقل مربعات جزیی در قالب نرم افزار Warp PLS استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داده است که رابطه معناداری بین ابعاد چهارگانه تحقیق با رضایت از مسکن قابل استطاعت وجود دارد، که به ترتیب ابعاد اجتماعی- فرهنگی، کالبدی- فیزیکی، اکولوژیکی و نهایتا اقتصادی در خصوص مسکن قابل استطاعت، موثرترین ابعاد را شامل می شوند و اینکه میزان رضایتمندی از مسکن قابل استطاعت شهر اردبیل در حد متوسط می باشد.

    کلید واژگان: پایداری مسکن، مسکن قابل استطاعت، روش حداقل مربعات جزیی، شهر اردبیل
    MohammadHassan Yazdani, Hosan Derakhshan, Asghar Pashazadeh, Fatemeh Zadvali *

    Today, housing as a durable commodity is one of the main assets of families, which is directly related to household income and their economic status. In this regard, the low-income groups do not have the financial means to provide housing, and since the private sector is inefficient in this regard, the government, according to its policies, has provided affordable housing for these groups, one of which is Cases are Mehr housing, which can be considered in terms of stability. The city of Ardabil is no exception in this regard, due to the high number of immigrants and the need for low-income housing, and one of the most important problems of this city is the provision of quality housing for low-income groups. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the sustainability of affordable housing in Ardabil city. Current study is applied according to aim and it is analytical-descriptive according to nature and methodology.Current study is applied according to aim and it is analytical-descriptive according to nature and methodology. Statistical society in this study include, Ardebili citizens residing in Mehr housing and housing in informal settlements That 385 persons were gathered in questionnaire by simple random sampling. To data analysis, partial squares at least was used in Warp PLS Software framework. Study results showed that, there is significant relationship between study 4 dimension and satisfaction about affordable housing sustainable. So, social-cultural, physical, ecological and economical cases in affordable housing sustainable are the effective dimensions and satisfaction of affordable housing sustainable in Ardebil city is in middle level.

    Keywords: Sustainability of Housing, Affordable Housing, Partial Squares at least Method, Ardebil City
  • حسن قربانلو، محمدتقی معصومی*، محمدحسن یزدانی

    فضاهای شهری درون مناطق و محله های شهری نیازمند برنامه ریزی استراتژیک هستند تا به فراهم سازی فعالیت ها و فضاهای سالم کمک کند. وجود بافت های ناکارآمد و فرسوده یکی از معضلات اساسی شهر تهران و بخصوص منطقه 20 این شهر است که دارای معضلات و ناهنجاری هایی متعدد اجتماعی است و یکی از ضرورت های مهم این منطقه از شهر تهران بازآفرینی این بافت های شهری است. در این راستا، هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین عوامل موثر بر بازآفرینی شهری  با تاکید مولفه های اجتماعی می باشد.پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش افراد آگاه؛ کارشناسان و متخصصان در زمینه بافت فرسوده می باشد .روش نمونه گیری براساس روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی می باشد که 15 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین شدند و در جمع بندی و استخراج نتایج و تحلیل آن ها، از نرم افزار SPSS، Excel و MICMAC وSWOT استفاده  می شود.  یافته ها نشان داد که عوامل: سکونت بیش از 5 سال، عناصر هویت بخش در محله، احساس یکی بودن با اجتماع محلی، مشارکت مردمی در داشتن محله ای بهتر، ارتباط با همسایگان که به عنوان عوامل کلیدی موضوع انتخاب شدند. این متغیرها به واسطه اینکه دارای تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری بالایی هستند از انعطاف لازم برخوردار هستند و می توانند مورد کنترل قرار بگیرند و به نحوی که مطلوب برنامه ریزان است تغییر کنند. نتایج حاصل از بخش دوم نشان داد، بازآفرینی شهری در منطقه 20 شهر تهران دارای تهدیدات و فرصت های زیادی برای تدوین راهبردهای مناسب شهری است و استراتژی SO  و راهبرد تهاجمی را به عنوان اولین راهبرد و استراتژی برای بازآفرینی شهری بافت فرسوده منطقه 20 شهر تهران در اولویت می باشد.

    کلید واژگان: بازآفرینی شهری، مولفه های اجتماعی، بافت فرسوده، فضاهای پیراشهری، تهران
    Hasan Ghorbanloo, MohamadTaghi Masomi *, MohammadHassan Yazdani

    Various strategies and theories have been proposed to solve the problems caused by the phenomenon of urban decline and its various economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions, which are summarized in the urban regeneration approach. Reconstruction based on social components as a new approach to the development of cities. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting urban regeneration with emphasis on social components. Descriptive-analytical research group is located. Statistical population of research of knowledgeable people; Experts and elites in the field of sustainable urban regeneration in dilapidated texture and its effects on the development of public spaces in the 20th district of Tehran. Urban planners, municipal officials of District 20, Tehran City Renovation Organization, etc. were selected and appointed. In this study, the required information collection method was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and in order to exploit the strengths and opportunities as well as reduce weaknesses and threats for urban regeneration of worn-out tissue in the 20th district of Tehran, the SWOT model was used.Analysis of urban creation in the 20th district of Tehran has many strengths and opportunities for formulating appropriate urban strategies among SO, WO, WT and ‌‌ST strategies, and the results obtained from the strategies indicate that SO strategy, ie offensive strategy as The first strategy for urban regeneration is the dilapidated texture of District 20 of Tehran in the first place.

    Keywords: Urban regeneration, Social Components, Worn Texture, SWOT Analysis
  • Mohammadhassan Yazdani, Maryam Jami Odolou
    Background and Aim

    Social harms are among the main pivots and topics of urban pathology studies in most cities and security is the prerequisite of a healthy community, and security feeling is the basis for the development of human societies. The presence of people in the public places of the city requires some sort of security feeling on their part. Due to the outbreak of the Corona virus and the dramatic enhancement of social harms, the disease became a serious threat to cities and communities. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the social harms of COVID-19 on the social security feeling in public spaces in the city of Ardabil with emphasis on the criteria of social harm and their prioritization for future planning.

    Method

    This research is of applied type in terms of purpose; and in terms of nature is descriptive and analytical. The required data were obtained through survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Ardabil, where 383 people were estimated as the sample size based on the Cochran's formula. Whereas simple random sampling method was used, 383 questionnaires were distributed and completed in public spaces of Ardabil (parks, squares in the city center and commercial areas). To measure the social harms emanated from corona in public spaces, the relevant indicators are weighted using entropy method and social harms are ranked using multi-criteria decision-making techniques (TOPSIS, SAV, VICOR) and ultimately Copland merger technique was used to achieve final prioritization.

    Findings

    Based on the criteria used, and the results of the implementation of these techniques, the criterion of reducing social interactions and individualism and social isolation with the lowest score (-14) is in the first place; and the criterion of wickedness in public places with the highest score (12) is in the last rank in terms of social harms in the public places.

    Conclusion

    According to the respondents, the outbreak of COVID- 19 virus and adhering to health protocols such as "staying at home" and "quarantine", has enhanced social harms, which is more prominent and visible in public places. Finally, according to the research findings, some suggestions are presented for improving the security status of public spaces.

    Keywords: Social harm, Security feeling, Public place, COVID-19, Ardabil city
  • Hossein Saadlounia, Mohammad Hassan Yazdani *, Ghasem Zarei, Rahim Heydari Chianeh
    In this essay I present a new and empirically-testable strategy for completing quantum mechanics. In recent decades, urban design and architecture disciplines witnessed plenty of theories and school development. Primarily, those disciplines are inspired by philosophical perspectives. Thus, it is required to have a good deal of perception on the philosophical roots. Contextualism theory and approach is considered one of the most important controversial approaches in urban design and architecture. The present study intends to elaborate contextualism and explicate its difference with other similar philosophical ideas. Subsequently, it tends to explain the epistemological and philosophical foundations of contextualism in postmodernism and Gestalt school and subsequently to elucidate its position in the postmodern art and specifically in postmodern urban design and architecture. Contextualism is an idea based on the epistemology that the meaning perceived from an epistemological sentence would differ according to the epistemological standards. The idea has three distinct uses in philosophical views, primarily, the truth condition of the sentences is come to be assessed; in the second use, the language meaning is dependent on the context. The paper indicates the first and second uses of contextualism are mostly seen in urban design and architecture contextualism theory.
    Keywords: philosophy, Epistemology, contextualism, urban design, and architecture, Postmodernism
  • محمدحسن یزدانی، چنور محمدی*، رضا هاشمی معصوم آباد

    دستیابی به عدالت اجتماعی در توزیع خدمات شهری، جهت تخصیص عادلانه هزینه های اجتماعی و برابری استفاده از ظرفیت های محلی برای رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی شهروندان ، یکی از اهداف مهم برنامه ریزان شهری است . هدف پژوهش حاضرتحلیل و ارزیابی پراکنش فضایی خدمات عمومی شهری با استفاده از شاخص خدمات بهداشتی - درمانی، فرهنگی- مذهبی و تاسیسات و تجهیزات شهری در مناطق چهار گانه شهر اردبیل با رویکرد عدالت اجتماعی می باشد. جمع آوری داده ها و اطلاعات با استفاده از روش های اسنادی، کتابخانه ای و میدانی صورت گرفته است . برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و اطلاعات از تکنیک آنتروپی شانون جهت تعیین ضریب اهمیت و به منظور میزان برخورداری از مدل ARAS استفاده شده از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون برای بررسی رابطه بین جمعیت و وضعیت برخورداری بهره گرفته شده است . با توجه به ارزیابی صورت گرفته با مدل ARAS مشخص شد، در خدمات بهداشتی - درمانی منطقه یک برخوردار ، مناطق دو و سه نیمه برخوردار و منطقه چهار محروم می باشد، در خدمات فرهنگی- مذهبی منطقه یک برخوردار ، مناطق چهار و سه نیمه برخوردار و منطقه دو محروم می باشد، در خدمات تاسیسات و تجهیزات شهری منطقه یک برخوردار ، مناطق سه و دو نیمه برخوردار و منطقه چهار محروم می باشد و در مجموع شاخص های خدماتی منطقه یک برخوردار و مناطق چهار، سه و دو نیمه برخوردار می باشند. در کل با توجه با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده مشخص شد

    کلید واژگان: خدمات شهری، عدالت اجتماعی، رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی، شهر اردبیل
    MohammadHassan Yazdani, Chnour Mohammadi *, Reza Hashemi Masoomabad

    Achieving social justice in the distribution of urban services is one of the important goals of urban planners in order to fairly allocate social costs and equalize the use of local capacities for the welfare and social development of citizens. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of urban public services using health-treatment, cultural-religious services index and urban facilities and equipment in the four districts of Ardabil with the approach of social justice. Data and information collection has been done using documentary, library and field methods. To analyze the data and information, Shannon's entropy technique was used to determine the coefficient of importance and in order to determine the extent of having a 6-ARAS model, Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between population and status. . According to the assessment made with the ARAS model, it was determined that in the health and medical services of region one, the privileged regions are deprived of regions two and three and the fourth region is deprived, in the cultural-religious services of region one, the regions are deprived. And three semi-privileged regions of region two are deprived, in the services of urban facilities and equipment of region one have privileges, regions three and two have semi-privileged and "region four deprived" and in total the service indicators of region one

    Keywords: Urban services, social justice, Welfare, Social Development, Ardabil city
  • جلیل محمدی، علیرضا محمدی*، عطا غفاری گیلانده، محمد حسن یزدانی

    به دنبال تجدید ساختار اقتصادی و اجتماعی جهانی، تحولی در مفهوم توسعه شهری و پارادایم‏های آن به ‏وجود آمده است؛ از آن جمله شهر هوشمند پارادایمی برای توسعه شهرها در جامعه اطلاعاتی است. شهرهای هوشمند،به ‏عنوان آینده شهرهای انسانی، شهری فعال در زمینه فناوری، انعطاف‏پذیری، پایداری، خلاقیت،و قابل زندگی در جهان پیش ‏بینی‏ شده ‏اند و در حال تبدیل‏ شدن به بخشی از چشم ‏انداز دولت‏های ملی ‏اند، زیرا با هدف افزایش کیفیت زندگی شهروندان ظهور یافته ‏اند. این پژوهش با هدف تدقیق، بومی‏ سازی و اولویت‏ بندی، و همچنین سنجش اثر معیارهای شهر هوشمند در شهر زنجان انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق کارشناسان آشنا با مفاهیم شهر هوشمند در شهر زنجان است و ابزار جمع ‏آوری داده ‏ها پرسش‏نامه و مصاحبه است. تحلیل در دو بخش انجام یافته است: بخش اول توسط آزمون‏های آماری Spssانجام گرفته است و بخش دوم توسط نرم ‏افزار میک‏ مک. نتایج نشان داد معیارهای زیرساخت‏ فناوری، خدمات عمومی- اجتماعی، و دسترسی به ترتیب با وزن‏های 01657/0، 01636/0، و 01619/0 در اولویت‏های اول تا سوم برای هوشمندی شهر قرار دارند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل اثرهای متقابل معیارها نشان‏دهنده پراکنش نامنظم معیارها در پلان تاثیرگذاری و تاثیر‏پذیری است. تحلیل نشان داد که متغیرها در بخش تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری متوسط دارای تراکم زیادی است و سیستم مورد مطالعه دارای ناپایداری است. در نهایت، شش معیار راهبردی، کلیدی، و استراتژیک سیستم شناسایی شدند که برای هوشمندی شهر زنجان بسیار مهم‏اند؛ این معیارها عبارت‏اند از 1. زیرساخت‏های فناوری؛ 2. توانمندی و صلاحیت شهروندان؛ 3. حکمروایی شفاف؛ 4. مشارکت شهروندان؛ 5. امکانات فرهنگی؛ 6. جاذبه‏ های گردشگری.

    کلید واژگان: اثرهای متقابل، اولویت‏ بندی، شاخص‏ها، شهر زنجان، شهر هوشمند
    Jalil Mohammadi, Alireza Mohammadi *, Ataa Ghafari, Mohammad Hassan Yazdani
    Introduction

    Cities play a vital role in the lives of the vast majority of people, yet face great challenges beyond ‎regions, nations and continents, and most cities are the main drivers of change. Recent ‎technological developments have renewed belief in the positive impacts of ICT and other ‎innovative technologies in the city. The combination of smart solutions (active technology) to ‎address major social challenges and focus on the city as key drivers of change has led to the ‎concept of smart city. Finally, scientific studies on smart city development readiness are largely ‎limited to developed countries. And the literature on smart city readiness in developing countries ‎is at an early stage and needs more empirical support. The transformation of a city into a smart ‎city requires considerable efforts by political representatives, managers, residents, entrepreneurs, ‎as well as its various communities. The concept of smart city is evolving rapidly, and the ‎attention of the world as a promising response to the challenge of urban sustainability in large ‎and small cities. Given the different structure of Iranian cities, this study seeks to localize the ‎indicators and analyze their interactions for any planning and management.‎‎

    Methodology

    The study of the components of smart city in Zanjan deals with 6 components, 30 benchmarks ‎and 100 standard indices designed in scientific societies around the world. By method, the ‎present study is a descriptive field type. In order to carry out the research, the research ‎components, criteria and indices were extracted from the theoretical foundations of the research ‎and then prioritized by in-depth experts. Library and field methods have been used to collect the ‎required information. Due to the lack of familiarity of most experts with the concepts of smart ‎city, only experts in the statistical population who were familiar with the concept of smart city ‎were included. The sampling method was theoretical saturation and by this method in 21 samples ‎we achieved our goals. In this study, first, the importance and impact of indicators on the ‎intelligence of cities were measured and analyzed by SPSS. Then, the extent of impact as well as ‎the interactions between the components, criteria and indices were measured and analyzed with ‎Micmac software. Because interviews and questionnaires have been used, the research is a ‎composite (sequential exploratory model). And the composition is in the concluding phase. Both ‎questionnaires were used by experts in this field.

    ‎Results and discussionIn

    the first part, after determining the components, criteria and indicators affecting the ‎intelligence of cities and in line with the main objectives of the research, determining the ‎importance and weight of each component, criteria and indicators. Finally, 30 criteria with 100 ‎indicators were finalized and these indicators were prioritized by experts. The data were ‎analyzed by SPSS software using Friedman test and the significance of each criterion and index ‎was determined and prioritized. The three components of smart mobility, smart governance, and ‎smart economy with weights of 0.01577,‎‏ ‏‎0.01394 and 0.01381 are the first to third priority, ‎respectively, and have the highest weight and importance in smart cities. The criteria for smart ‎mobility component include technology infrastructure, national, local access and sustainable ‎mobility, which are prioritized with weights 0.01657, 0.01619, 0.01609 and 0.01424, ‎respectively. Two criteria of smart governance components including public-social services and ‎transparent governance with weights of 0.01636 and 0.01153 were significant. Also the criteria ‎of smart economy component were international interactions, productivity, innovation, ‎entrepreneurship, economic image of the city and labor market flexibility with weights 0.01601, ‎‎0.01597, 0.01544, 0.01455, 0.01161 and 0.00928 respectively. In the analytical analysis of the ‎findings, the indicators of Internet penetration, municipality planning strategy and e-government ‎access have the weights of 0.01694, 0.01687 and 0.01684, respectively.‎In the second part, we have used Micmac software to analyze the interaction of criteria. ‎In order to make the results more realistic and realistic, the analysis software was created in the ‎Micmac Matrix software and adjusted in 30 different criteria to 30 * 30 dimensions. Based on ‎the matrix output, the 10 criteria that had the most direct impact on the system in order of rating ‎are: 1- Technology infrastructure (677) 2- Citizens empowerment (655) 3- Transparent ‎governance (610) 4- Citizen participation (519) 5- Cultural facilities (440) 6- Sustainable and safe ‎transportation (440) 7- Lifelong learning (429) 8- Tourism attraction (406) 9- Educational ‎facilities (395) 10- National access (395). The 10 criteria that have a direct impact on city ‎intelligence are, respectively, priority and priority; 1- Citizen competence and competence (542) ‎‎2- City pollution level (508) 3- Urban productivity (497) 4- Entrepreneurship in the city (497) 5- ‎Transparent Governance (463) 6- City Tourism Attraction (440) 7- International Interaction (440) ‎‎8- Preservation of Environment (418) 9- Educational Facilities (384) 10- Citizen Participation ‎‎(384).‎‎

    Conclusion

    The analysis of the results of the first section showed that the relevant components, criteria and ‎indices in the three prioritization of the rankings were almost identical. Thus, the component and ‎criterion that is ranked higher in the ranking also have more important indicators, while the ‎component and the criterion that is in the lower priorities have the least important ones. In the ‎second stage, the analysis of the interaction of criteria on the intelligence of the city is examined. ‎The results of the MicMac method in impact analysis indicate the irregular distribution of criteria ‎in the impact plan. The analysis of the plan and related diagrams show that the variables in the ‎medium of influence are high density and the studied system is unstable. Based on the results of ‎Structural Analysis and Micmac software, the direct and indirect effective criteria were ‎determined. Key variables and strategic indicators were also identified. What is important is that ‎improvement and improvement in each of the dimensions and components of the smart city will ‎be very influential in city intelligence because systematic reviews and evaluations of smart cities ‎do not consider growth in all dimensions. Therefore, any benchmark and component that can be ‎upgraded should be a priority.‎

    Keywords: Smart City, indicators, interactions, Prioritization, Zanjan City.‎
  • سمیرا سعیدی زارنجی، محمدحسن یزدانی*، قاسم زارعی

    هدف این مقاله سنجش میزان رضایتمندی ساکنان از محیط مسکونی خود با مقایسه خانه های ویلایی (مستقل) با برج های مسکونی بود که با مورد نمونه شهر اردبیل انجام گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ روش توصیفی- تحلیلی است. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه به صورت نمونه گیری گلوله برفی با 100 نمونه از ساکنان برج های مسکونی و 100 نمونه از ساکنان خانه های ویلایی تکمیل گردید. داده های گردآوری شده در نرم افزار SPSS  با استفاده از روش های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از آزمون t تک نمونه ای میانگین رضایتمندی ساکنان خانه های ویلایی را 2.90، پایین تر از میانگین نظری (3) و میانگین رضایتمندی ساکنان برج های مسکونی را 3.18، بالاتر از میانگین نظری نشان داد. نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که در متغیر جنیست در مورد رضایتمندی در خانه های ویلایی بین نظرات زن ها و مردان تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد ولی در مجتمع های مسکونی تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد. در خصوص تاهل نیز تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو نوع خانه ها قابل مشاهده نیست. نتایج حاصل از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه نشان داد که متغیرهای تحصیلات، شغل و درآمد در رضایتمندی از برج های مسکونی به لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج برای متغیرهای سن، تحصیلات، شغل و درآمد در بخش خانه های ویلای با رضایتمندی آن ها رابطه معناداری در سطح 95 درصد وجود دارد. به طورکلی، بررسی تطبیقی رضایتمندی از مساکن با الگوی ویلایی و آپارتمان های بلند منطقه 2 شهر اردبیل نشان داد که رضایتمندی از مساکن آپارتمانی بلند شهر در اکثر شاخص ها نسبت به مساکن ویلایی بیشتر است. برج های مسکونی با داشتن امنیت و راحتی، فضاهای عمومی و دسترسی، مدیریت و کنترل از همه مهمتر نزدیکی به کاربری های مهم و دسترسی حمل و نقل عمومی، جزو فضاهای مسکونی مهم و سرزنده شهر محسوب می گردند و برخلاف مسکن سنتی می توانند طیف وسیعی از گروه های اجتماعی از جمله کودکان، بزرگسالان و سالمندان را به خود جلب نماید.

    کلید واژگان: رضایتمندی، محیط مسکونی، خانه های ویلایی، برج های مسکونی، شهر اردبیل
    Samira Saeidi Zaranji, Mohammad Hassan Yazdani *, Ghasem Zarei
    Objective and Background

    Urban housing pattern is generally categorized into two models: villa (single-family) houses and apartment buildings. Although the subject matter of each of these two patterns is different in the literature, the conventional or short-rise and high-rise buildings or towers comprise the main groups of the apartment buildings. Over the past years, hundreds of residential units have been built in the form of villa and apartment units in the studied area (Area 2 of Ardabil city), and their number is increasing every year. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the satisfaction of residents of villas and towers. Among the various ways to determine satisfaction, the judgment of the people living in these types of housing is more valuable than the opinion of experts, consulting engineers, and decision-makers. With such an understanding, the issue is inherently important, and the scientific answer can reduce the ambiguities in the policy-making of planners and those involved in urban affairs.

    Methods

    The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and terms of nature and method. Data collection is documented in two ways to provide a theoretical and field framework for a survey using a questionnaire. In this study, residents of residential towers and villa houses in District 2 Ardabil are considered the statistical population. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and statistical methods such as independent t-test, variance analysis, and single t-test were used in this study.

    Findings

    According to the findings of the single sample t-test evaluating the satisfaction level of residents from the housing pattern, the average value of the total components is 3.18, which indicates that the residents’ satisfaction is above average level. The satisfaction level for villa houses is 2.90, which is close to the average level of satisfaction for residents. Another purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of personal and individual characteristics on residential environmental satisfaction in Ardabil. In this regard, the results of a one-way variance analysis test show that gender and marital variables do not show significant differences in the results of residential towers and villa houses. Independent t-test results show that the variables of education, job, and income affect residents’ satisfaction in towers, but the results differ in villa houses.

    Conclusion

    In general, by comparing villa houses and high-rise apartments in District 2 Ardabil, it can be acknowledged that the city’s high-rise apartment buildings, in the vast majority of criteria, are more acceptable than villas. Villas were the dominant model in the past due to their independence and historical and cultural identity, local and indigenous architectural patterns, the existence of complementary and diverse spaces, and service activities. Today residential towers are considered the most important and lively residential spaces in the city due to having security and comfort, public spaces and access, management and control, and, most importantly, proximity to important uses and access to public transport. Unlike traditional housing, they can attract a wide range of social groups, including children, adults, and the elderly

    Keywords: Satisfaction, residential environment, villas, residential towers, Ardabil
  • محمدحسن یزدانی*، ابراهیم فیروزی مجنده، رضا هاشمی معصوم آباد، الهام شکرزاده فرد

    امروزه گردشگری به یکی از عوامل موثر بر توسعه ی اقتصادی- اجتماعی و فرهنگی جوامع تبدیل شده است. همچنین یکی از بخش هایی است که در صورت برنامه ریزی و توجه به آن، می تواند ارزآوری قابل توجهی داشته باشد و آورده اقتصادی حاصل از آن می تواند اشتغال بخش وسیعی از بیکاران جامعه را تضمین کند. گردشگری شهری نیز که یکی از زیر بخش های گردشگری بوده، اخیرا موردتوجه برنامه ریزان و متولیان امر قرار گرفته است. در این بین، شهر اردبیل با توجه به سابقه تاریخی و پتانسیل های بالقوه و بالفعل آن، همه ساله پذیرای شمار زیادی از گردشگران داخلی و خارجی بوده و هست. از این رو انجام مطالعات گسترده و پژوهش های به روز در راستای سنجش وضعیت گردشگری شهر اردبیل و شناسایی فضاهای گردشگری آن در راستای مدیریت بهینه امور گردشگری این شهر، مساله ای مهم و ضروری است. بنابراین در تحقیق حاضر با بهره بردن از روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و ابزارهایی چون GPS و نرم افزار ARCGIS و مدل های Vikor، AHP و Fuzzy، اقدام به پهنه بندی و شناسایی فضاهای گردشگری شهر اردبیل شده است.  نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل های صورت گرفته در تحقیق حاضر حاکی از آن است که هسته ی مرکزی شهر اردبیل با محوریت رودخانه ی بالغلی چای و دریاچه شورابیل و در جهت شمال شرقی- جنوب غربی، قابلیت بالایی در جذب گردشگر دارد. در واقع این نواحی را می توان به عنوان فضای غالب (مرکز ثقل) گردشگری شهر اردبیل نام گذاری کرد. فضایی که با تمرکز فوق العاده ی جاذبه های تاریخی، گردشگری و تفریحی مشخص شده است. در واقع اینچنین می توان گفت که فضای گردشگری شهر اردبیل و مناطق با قابلیت بالای جذب گردشگری تابعی از هسته ی مرکزی و تاریخی شهر اردبیل و رودخانه ی بالغلی چای و دریاچه ی شورابیل بوده است. به طوریکه این مسئله باعث تمرکز بیش از حد عناصر گردشگری در  مجاورت این عناصر شده است.

    کلید واژگان: پهنه بندی، گردشگری شهری، گردشگر، عناصر گردشگری، اردبیل، فضاهای گردشگر پذیر
    MohammadHassan Yazdani *, Ebrahim Firouzi Magandeh, Reza Hashemi Masoomabad, Elham Shokrzadeh Fard

    Today, tourism has become one of the factors influencing the socio-economic and cultural development of societies. It is also one of the sectors that can be valued significantly when it comes to planning and paying attention to the economic benefits it can bring to the employment of a large part of the unemployed. Urban tourism, which is one of the sub-sectors of tourism, has recently been the focus of planners and trustees. In the meantime, Ardebil city has and always welcomes a large number of domestic and foreign tourists, due to its historical background and its potential and actual potential. Therefore, conducting extensive studies and up-to-date studies in order to evaluate the tourism status of Ardabil city and identifying its tourism areas in order to optimally manage tourism affairs in this city is an important and necessary issue. Therefore, in the present study, using descriptive-analytical research methods and tools such as GPS and ARCGIS software and Vikor, AHP and Fuzzy models, the zoning and identification of tourism areas in Ardabil has been done. The results of the present analysis indicate that the central core of Ardebil city with the axis of the Balchaychay River and Shurabil Lake and in the northeast-southwest direction, has high potential for attracting tourists. has it. In fact, these areas can be named as the dominant tourist center of Ardabil. A place marked by an extraordinary concentration of historical, tourism and leisure attractions. In fact, it can be said that the tourism area of ​​Ardebil and the areas with high tourist attraction were a function of the central and historical core of Ardebil and the Adjara River and the Shurabil Lake. This has led to the over-concentration of tourism elements in the vicinity of these elements.

    Keywords: zoning, urban tourism, Tourism, Tourism elements, Ardebil, Tourist spaces
  • کاوه امین نژاد*، عطا غفاری گیلانده، محمدحسن یزدانی، علیرضا محمدی

    در سده معاصر، توسعه سریع فناوری های اطلاعات و ارتباطات راه دور، گذار از شهرصنعتی به گونه های مختلفی ازشهرهای جدیدهمچون: شهرهای دیجیتال،دانش محور،اطلاعاتی،فراگیر و در راس آنها شهرهوشمند را تسهیل نموده است. یکی از الزامات شکل گیری شهرهای هوشمند، تغییر در رویکردهای ناظر به مدیریت و حاکمیت برشهرها است که از آن به عنوان حکمروایی هوشمند یاد می شود. به نظربرخی صاحبنظران، شهرهای هوشمند با حکمروایی هوشمند آغاز می شوند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی بسترها و موانعی است که درتحقق یا عدم تحقق حکمروایی هوشمند نقش دارند و دراین راستا ضمن شناسایی و بررسی مصادیق حکمروایی هوشمند درسنندج، میزان آمادگی و تحقق پذیری بسترهای موجود در این حوزه را مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می دهد.نوع پژوهش توسعه ای -کاربردی بوده و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی-تحلیلی و پیمایشی می باشد. گردآوری داده های اولیه با بهره گیری از روش های اسنادی ومیدانی انجام گرفته وجامعه آماری شامل مدیران ارشد ادارات ،هیات علمی دانشگاه ها وسازمان های مردم نهاد مرتبط با موضوع می باشند. براین اساس روش نمونه گیری انتخاب شده دراین پژوهش نمونه گیری طبقه ای است.فرایند تحلیل داده های بدست آمده از طریق مبانی تحلیل شبکه یا ANP و درقالب نرم افزار Super Desicion انجام شده است. نتایج این مطالعه باتوجه به معیارهای ارزیابی نشان می دهد که محورحکمروایی با کسب امتیاز 14/0 پس ازمحورهای محیط، تحرک و مردم هوشمند در رتبه چهارم تحقق پذیری قرارگرفته است.و درمیان موانع تحقق شهرهوشمند،کمبود نیروی متخصص و مراکزتحقیق وتوسعه مهمترین مانع درتحقق محیط هوشمند درشهرسنندج به شمار می رود.

    کلید واژگان: هوشمندی، شهرهوشمند، حاکمیت هوشمند و سنندج
    Kaveh Aminnejhad *, Ata Gafari, Mohammad Hassan Yazdani, Alireza Mohammdi

    In the modern era, the rapid development of information and telecommunications technology, the transition from industrial city to various types of new cities have been: digital cities, knowledge-based, informational, inclusive, and at the head of them have facilitated the smart city. One of the requirements for the formation of smart cities is the change in the approaches to the management and governance of the cities, which is referred to as smart governance. According to some experts, smart cities begin with smart governance. The main objective of this study is to investigate the bases and obstacles that are involved in the realization or lack of realization of intelligent governance. In this regard, while identifying and studying the instances of intelligent governance, Nursingand analyzes the level of readiness and feasibility of existing bases in this area. The type of research is developmental-practical, and in terms of nature and method, descriptive-analytical and survey. Initial data collection was carried out using documentary and field methods . The data analysis process was performed through the network analysis or ANP analysis and the Super Desicion software. The results of this study show that the Smart governance with a score of 0.14 after the environment, mobility and smart people is in the fourth place of implementation. Among the obstacles to realizing the city, the lack of specialized staff and research centers are the most important obstacle in the realm of environment Smart is in the heart of the city.

    Keywords: Intelligence, Smart city, Smart governance, and Sanandaj
  • نادر شوهانی، برهان ویسی ناب*، سهراب امیریان، محمدحسن یزدانی
    امروزه این واقعیت پذیرفته شده است که اگر زنان از حقوق ابتدایی خود در جامعه محروم باشند، آن جامعه قادر به دستیابی به توسعه پایدار نخواهد بود؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی در پی آن است تا وضعیت نابرابری جنسیتی را در کشورهای شبه قاره هند در طول سه دوره (2011، 2012 و 2013) مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار دهد. اطلاعات موردنیاز پژوهش ازطریق روش اسنادی و استفاده از گزارش جهانی توسعه انسانی و نابرابری جنسیتی سازمان ملل گردآوری شده است. نتایج پژوهش از دو جنبه قابل بررسی است: جنبه اول در سطح جهانی بیانگر آن است که در میان کشورهای شبه قاره در طول این سه دوره، هیچ کشوری وضعیت مناسبی ندارد که این نشان دهنده فاصله این کشور و کشورهای دیگر با استاندارد های جهانی است. جنبه دوم در سطح منطقه ای بیانگر آن است که در طول این سه دوره با وجود آنکه همواره کشورهای شبه قاره پیشرفت نسبی به لحاظ GII داشته اند؛ اما همواره رتبه آن ها در سطح منطقه تغییری نکرده است و کشور میانمار در رتبه اول و هند در رتبه آخر قرار گرفته اند.
    کلید واژگان: شبه قاره هند، شاخص نابرابری جنسیتی، توسعه انسانی
    Nader Shohani, Borhan Veysinab *, Sohrab Amirian, Mohammad Hassan Yazdani
     
    Introduction
    Today, along with the widespread developments that have emerged in the social situation of women in human societies, we are witnessing changes in the demands of women's who seek to enforce their lost rights and achieve gender equity (Nabavey and Sigeda, 2014: 8). With overview at the status of women in the world and comparing them to the situation of men, it becomes clear that women are the most vulnerable in terms of opportunities and active participation in development (Adhami and Roghaneyin, 2009: 129). Gender inequality has different forms in the social, political, economic and cultural spheres; Including women's economic dependence on men based on less women's participation in the labor force and low wages for them, the political dependence of men's dominance on political power structures, the dependence on more men's authority and their decision-making power in the family and at work, dependence on men's power in defining social reality, dependence on men in protecting women from violence against other men and even the psychological dependence of women on men, due to emotional ties, reveals the need for attention to this issue not only as the soul of gender inequality, but also its consequences at the micro, intermediate, and macro levels (Hemati and Maktovbyan, 2013: 117). Therefore, with regard to the mentioned issues and the importance of gender equality, the purpose of the present study is to examine the status of gender inequality index in subcontinent countries of India. The status of this gender inequality has been studied in terms of economic, political, health and educational dimensions. 
    Research methodology
    In the present study the research method is descriptive-analytic and is applicable to the type of research. Using a descriptive method based on analyzing statistics and information extracted from valid scientific documents and analyzing these indicators in the countries studied, the analytical method has been used. This comparative study was conducted on the basis of the Human Development Report and the Gender inequalities of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) from 2011 to 2014.   
    Discussion
    In terms of GII, the highest positive change was for Nepal, with 0/079 of the least developed for Bhutan with zero percent change, and other countries, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and India respectively, were 0/021, 0/011, 0/062, and 0/054 have had positive changes. In the whole of Nepal, progress has been greatest in three areas (global rank, regional rank, and GII) in terms of progress in other parts of the region. The countries of the subcontinent have two different statuses in terms of health index: the first is that the four countries of Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar and India are in a position that is lower than the global average (to a lesser extent, this amount is less favorable) ) And in Bangladesh and Nepal, their situation is higher than the global average, so they are not well positioned on this benchmark. The situation in the Indian subcontinent countries in terms of women's labor force participation rate index shows that Bangladesh, Nepal and India respectively have recovered by 1/4, 9 and 4 percent, while the countries of Bhutan, Pakistan and Myanmar are 13 , 2/7 and 22/6 with significant improvements in Myanmar. The highest percentage for this measure was for Myanmar with a score of 85/7 and the lowest for Pakistan with 24/4 percent. An examination of the educational situation in the Indian subcontinent countries that during these three periods, the only country in Bhutan has progressed by 17.8 from 2/16  in 2011 to 34 in 2013. The examination of the status of other countries indicates a 4/2 percent drop in the country of Pakistan and a stagnation of the status and scores of other countries in the studied years. The country of Bhutan is ranked first with 34 present of women who have higher secondary education (high school) and Nepal, with 17/9 percent is ranked last.  
    Conclusion
    Gender inequality in access to opportunities and economic, social and political, is one of the most important challenges for the countries of the Indian subcontinent. Today accepted the fact that no nation will be able to achieve sustainable development; women are deprived of basic rights in the community. The results of the two aspects of the investigation: The first aspect at the global level among the countries of the sub-continent indicates that, during the three rounds of any country not a good situation because the country of Myanmar (the country in terms of this indicator) during the three GII values 0/492, 0/437 and 0/430 asset classes 96, 80 and 83, which is indicative of the distance of this country and other countries with international standards. The second at the regional level show that during the three periods, despite relative progress in terms of GII have always Subcontinent but they always rank at the regional level has not changed, Myanmar and India in last place in the first rank have taken.      
    Keywords: Indian subcontinent, index of gender inequality, human development
  • محمدحسن یزدانی، ابراهیم علی پور*، امیرحسام دشتی

    یکی از عوامل مهم در بروز تصادفات، عامل سرعت است. امروزه برای کنترل سرعت و حجم ترافیک از روش های آرام سازی استفاده می شود. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، اولویت بندی سطح کارایی شاخص های آرام سازی در معابر شهری است. این مطالعه از لحاظ تحقیقی، کاربردی و با استفاده از پرسش نامه به جمع آوری داده ها پرداخته شد و علاوه بر این، در مرحله بعد با استفاده از نظرات کارشناسان و نیز با به کارگیری مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی داده ها اقدام به وزن دهی شاخص های آرام سازی کرده و درنهایت در قالب مدل تاپسیس میزان کارایی روش های مختلف آرام سازی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. براساس داده های آماری شاخص های مختلف در خصوص روش های آرام سازی ترافیک شهری، به ترتیب روش های افزایش سخت گیری بر اجرای قوانین با میزان ضریب Ci* 435/0 در رتبه اول و نمایش گرهای متغیر سرعت با میزان ضریب 434/0 در رتبه دوم و نیز در رتبه های پایانی شیوه های راه بند و نیمه راه بند هرکدام با میزان ضریب 152/0 قرار گرفتند. با توجه به نتیجه رتبه بندی مبنی بر ارجحیت سخت گیری بر اجرای قانون، اهمیت نظارت و هم چنین آگاه سازی شهروندان بر شیوه های صحیح رانندگی بیش از پیش مهم به نظر می رسد.

    کلید واژگان: سیستم حمل ونقل، آرام سازی، کارآیی، تاپسیس، تحلیل سلسله مراتبی داده ها
    MohammadHassan Yazdani, Ebrahim Alipour*, AmirHesam Dashti

    An important factor in accidents is the speed factor. Today, relaxation methods are used to control the speed and volume of traffic. In this paper, by introducing new and different methods of relaxation, we first studied the problem, and in the next step, using expert opinions, and also applying Ahp model, we weighed the indexes of relaxation and eventually in the form of the Topsis model, the effectiveness of various relaxation methods was evaluated. Data were collected through library studies and fieldwork. According to the statistical data of various indicators about urban traffic relaxation methods, the methods of increasing the stringency of implementing rules with the coefficient 0.435 Ci were in the first rank and monitors of the variable of speed with a coefficient of 0.434 were in the second rank and also in the final ranks, laid road-block and semi-road block methods, each with a coefficient of 0.152. Given the ranking of the preference for enforcing law enforcement, the importance of monitoring as well as informing citizens about the right driving methods seems more important.

    Keywords: Transportation System, Relaxation, Prioritization, Topsis
  • محمدحسن یزدانی *، فرامرز منتظر
    مقدمه
    بخش بهداشت و درمان از مهم ترین بخش های مدیریتی است که بهبود و ارتقاء شاخص های آن، منجر به افزایش تندرستی افراد جامعه، کاهش هزینه ها و در نهایت توسعه پایدار می شود. از این رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی وضعیت بهداشت و درمان و رتبه بندی استان ها و کلان مناطق ایران بوده است.
    روش ها
    تحقیق حاضر، مطالعه ای توصیفی - تحلیلی بود. جامعه آماری 31 استان و مناطق ده گانه در نظر گرفته شد. در این مطالعه، 20 شاخص بهداشتی و درمانی انتخاب شدند. از روش آنتروپی برای وزن دهی، برای رتبه بندی مدل تاپسیس و برای ترسیم نقشه ها از نرم افزار ArcGIS 10.1 استفاده شد.
    نتا یج: نتایج رتبه بندی نشان داد که استان های گیلان، سمنان و یزد به ترتیب در رتبه های نخست و استان های سیستان و بلوچستان، خوزستان و کرمانشاه به ترتیب در رتبه های آخر توسعه یافتگی از نظر شاخص های بهداشتی و درمانی قرار دارند. در سطح بندی مناطق نیز، مناطق ساحلی شمال و مرکزی در رتبه های اول و دوم و منطقه جنوب شرقی در رتبه آخر توسعه یافتگی قرار داشتند.
    بحث و نتیجه گیری
    بیشتر استان های کشور، در سطح نسبتا محروم و محروم قرار داشتند و از نظر وضعیت شاخص های بهداشتی و درمانی در سطح ناپایداری قرار گرفته بودند. مرکزیت سیاسی و مدیریتی از عوامل اصلی به وجود آورنده این وضعیت بود. از این رو پیشنهاد می شود جهت بهبود توزیع بخش بهداشت و درمان کشور و کاهش زیان های ناشی از محرومیت، توجه به کلان منطقه جنوب شرقی و استان های سیستان و بلوچستان، خوزستان، کرمانشاه، کردستان و آذربایجان غربی در اولویت سرمایه گذاری و برنامه ریزی قرار گیرند.
    کلید واژگان: شاخص های بهداشتی و درمانی، استان های ایران، کلان مناطق، برنامه ریزی منطقه ای، اولویت بندی
    Mohammad Hassan Yazdani *, Faramarz Montazer
    Background
    Health sector is one of the most important management sectors that improvement of its indicators, leads to increased wellbeing of people, costs reduction and ultimately sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to investigate health status indicators of Iran provinces and to rank the provinces and ten regions of Iran accordingly.
    Methods
    The method of study was descriptive and analytical. The population of the study included 31 provinces and ten regions of Iran. In this study, 20 health indicators were selected. Entropy method was used for weighting. In order to rank provinces and regions of the country, TOPSIS was used and finally for mapping Arc GIS 10.1 was used.
    Results
    According to the results, Gilan, Semnan and Yazd provinces gained respectively the first ranks and Sistan and Baluchestan, Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces were respectively ranked as the last ones. In the ranking of regions, in terms of development, north coastal regions and central areas gained respectively the first and the second ranks and the southeastern region was in the last place.
    Conclusion
    Most of the provinces were grouped as deprived and relatively deprived and in terms of health status indicators were in a state of instability. Political and administrative centralization are the main factors causing this situation. In order to improve the distribution of health sectors and to reduce losses resulting from deprivation, the large south-east region and the provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Khuzestan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan should be considered in investment and planning priorities.
    Keywords: Health indicators, Iran provinces, Mass regions of Iran, Regional planning, Prioritizing
  • محمدحسن یزدانی، سمیه محمدی حمیدی
    شهرها با توجه به حجم بالای سرمایه گذاری و استقرار بسیاری از تاسیسات و ابزارهای اقتصادی و از همه مهم تر جمعیت زیادی که در آن ها ساکن هستند، همواره در معرض تهدیدات و خطرات متعددی هستند؛ چه این خطرات طبیعی همچون سیل و زلزله و چه غیرطبیعی همچون جنگ ها و حملات تروریستی و غیره باشند، چاره ای جز اعمال ملاحظات دفاعی و امنیتی و اتخاذ تدابیر لازم در طرح های شهری با استفاده از فضاهای چندعملکردی و چندمنظوره نیست. ملاحظات دفاعی و امنیتی می تواند نقش اساسی و تاثیرات قابل توجهی در کاهش آسیب پذیری ساکنان شهری در برابر تهدیدات داشته باشد که شهر میاندوآب نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. بنابراین، بررسی هم افزایی تهدیدات و افزایش آسیب ها و خطرات در زمان بحران های نظامی، از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. ازاین رو، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش آفرینی کاربری مذهبی (مساجد، حسینیه ها و تکایا) در پدافند غیرعامل شهری انجام گرفته است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی است. برای تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها و اطلاعات از نرم افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و از ابزارهای نزدیک ترین همسایگی و تحلیل شبکه استفاده شده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد که نحوه توزیع این کاربری ها در سطح شهر تصادفی است. همچنین، نتایج روش تحلیل شبکه نیز نشان دهنده دسترسی بیشتر ساکنان شهر به این کاربری ها است، درحالی که نتایج بررسی میزان سرانه های مذهبی نشان داد که میزان سرانه مذهبی شهر با توجه به میزان پیشنهادی طرح جامع و همچنین، استانداردهای موجود مطابقت ندارد و با وجود دسترسی مناسب به این کاربری از استفاده از آن محروم هستند.
    کلید واژگان: پدافند غیرعامل، تحلیل شبکه، کاربری مذهبی، میاندوآب
    Mohammad Hassan Yazdani, Somayeh Mohammadi Hamidi
    Introduction
    According to United Nations forecasts, almost all of the world's population growth will take place in the urban areas, especially in the Third World Urban areas (Raphael & Dafna, 2006), and by 2030, roughly 60% of the world's population will live in urban areas (Gharakhlou & Hosseini, 2006). Due to the high volume of investment and the deployment of many facilities and economic instruments, and most importantly the large number of inhabitants, cities are always exposed to numerous threats and dangers. Whether these are natural threats, such as flood and earthquakes, or non-natural ones such as wars and terrorist attacks, etc., the only means is establishing defensive and security considerations and the adoption of necessary measures in urban plans using multifunctional spaces, which can play a significant role and have a significant impact on reducing the vulnerability of urban residents to threats. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of studying and identifying the multi-purpose uses of religious practices (mosques and Husseinieh) in Miandoab city. With regard to the data and information available, it seeks to answer the following questions: How are religious uses (mosques, Husseinieh and rebellion) in the city of Miandoab distributed according to the principles of non-operating defense? And do all the residents of Miandoab have access to religious access (mosques and Husseinieh) in times of crisis and threats?
    Methodology
    This applied research is descriptive and analytical. Field data and documentation have been used to collect data. Also, for analyzing the data, the network analysis method of the GIS software was used to determine the accessibility of residents of each urban district to the facilities and the nearest neighbor index to determine the distribution of uses in the environment.
    Results
    The result of the analysis of data regarding the nearest neighbor approach was 1.058. This indicates the random distribution of this application in the city of Miandoab. The results of the network analysis also showed for a 10-minute walk, the whole city was not covered by religious applications, while within a 15-minute walk, the whole city was covered by this service. Also, the results of the Buffering command (according to the mean running speed of men which is 6 km/h, people can only walk 955 meters in 573 seconds to reach the shelter), all residents of the city have access to these applications in the shortest possible time. Finally, the results of the dispersion coefficient method in Miandoab was 5.5, which indicates inequality in the distribution of religious application among six city districts.
    Conclusion
    Cities and urban spaces are also mainly exposed to damage from military strikes and natural disasters, such as earthquake flood or landslides. Damage caused by these human and natural phenomena in residential areas is more than other urban environments. One of the most important protective programs (in this area) and in the area of urban civil engineering and construction is the provision of shelters that are considered as non-operational defense targets. Miandoab city is one of the plain towns in the southern part of Lake Urmia, which due to its natural location and position in the country's divisions, is exposed to many human and natural disasters. The findings of the research show that religious uses (as a multi-use shelter) in the city have not been systematically programmed. But they have been established by the land devoted to and financed by local people. And the residents of the city do not have full access to these uses within 10 minutes, and most residents of the city have no access to these applications. Also, by using a buffering technique in the GIS environment, it was also found that a normal human being had access to these uses fully on foot within 15-minute walk. The difference between the results of the network and buffer analysis method is in terms of the type of communication network. In the buffer method, without considering the type of communication path or barriers available for accessing these uses, the service range is determined, while in the network analysis, the estimations have been more accurate and according to the type of communication network and the speed of the calculation, and the results are more accurate than the buffer method. Considering these results, an important issue was also addressed, which is the capacity of these centers. With the mere access to these uses, it cannot be said that all residents of the city can easily benefit from this. According to the results of the study, the per capita religious density was found to be very high (5.50) in the six areas of the city, indicating the instability and inequality of the per capita level in urban areas. Therefore, in order to use the religious service in Miandoab as a multipurpose use (shelter), first the mosques are to be renovated, and second the capacity of this use should be considered with regard to the population in urban areas.
    Keywords: Passive defense, Religious land use, Network analysis, Miandoab
  • محمدحسن یزدانی، معصومه قاسمی، محمدعلی سالکی ملکی *
    مقدمه
    وقوع سیلاب و طغیان رودخانه یکی از فراوان ترین و مهم ترین مخاطرات محیطی است که می تواند به خسارت شدیدی از قبیل مرگ ومیر منجر شود و آثار اقتصادی و اجتماعی طولانی مدتی را بر جای گذارد و حتی ممکن است باعث تخریب املاک، ایجاد اخلال در نظام ارتباطی و شستن زمین های کشاورزی شود. قرار گرفتن شهر تبریز در حوزه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه، موقعیت دشتی آن و عبور دو رودخانه اصلی آجی و قوری چای از بافت شهر باعث شد که بارها سیلاب های ویرانگر در آن رخ دهد و ویرانی های زیادی بر جای بماند.
    روش
    این تحقیق با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی درصدد توصیف شرایط جغرافیایی شهر تبریز و تحلیل نحوه رفتار آن در مقابل سیلاب های شهری است. برای ارزش گذاری معیار های تحقیق از مدل تاپسیس - فازی و نرم افزار ARCGIS10.5 استفاده شده است.
    یافته ها
    پس از بررسی ادبیات تحقیق و مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه، 5 معیار به عنوان معیار های اصلی تحقیق انتخاب شد. سپس با استفاده از مدل تاپسیس- فازی فاصله از ایده آل های مثبت و منفی برای معیارها تعیین و در نهایت طبقه بندی مکانی معیارها با استخراج نقشه هریک از معیارها انجام شد.
    نتیجه گیری
    بر اساس نقشه نهایی که نشان دهنده پهنه های آسیب پذیر شهر تبریز در مقابل خطر سیلاب است، 6 درصد محدوده شهر در پهنه خطر بسیار بالاست که این مساحت، جمعیتی بالغ بر 91277 نفر را در خود جای داده است. با احتساب محدوده های خطر بسیار بالا تا متوسط می توان گفت 33 درصد از محدوده شهر یعنی 46 درصد از جمعیت شهر در معرض خطر سیلاب قرار دارند که این مطلب نشان می دهد نواحی با خطر بالای سیلاب مراکز تجمع جمعیتی و مناطق پرتراکم شهر هستند.
    کلید واژگان: پهنه بندی سیلاب، تبریز، تاپسیس-فازی، GIS
    Mohammad Hassan Yazdani, Masoumeh Ghasemi, Mohammad Ali Saleki Maleki *, Fatemeh Afkhami
    Background
    Flooding and floodwater is one of the most important environmental hazards that can lead to severe damage such as mortality and have long-term economic and social impacts. It may even damage the property, disrupt the communication system, and wash agricultural land. Tabriz city placement in Lake Urmia basin, its plain position, and passage of two main rivers of Aji Chay and Quri Chay from the city has caused many destructive floods to take place and left great deal of ruin.
    Method
    This research aims to explain the geographical situation of Tabriz city and analyze its action against urban floods with a descriptive-analytical approach. ARCGIS 10.5 and Topsis-fuzzy model is used to evaluate the research criteria.
    Findings
    After reviewing the research literature and the related studies, five criteria were selected as the main criteria of the research. Then, the distance between positive and negative ideals for the criteria was determined by using Topsis-fuzzy model; finally, the spatial classification of criteria was extracted by mapping each of the criteria.
    Conclusion
    According to the final map, that shows the vulnerable areas of Tabriz city against flood risk, 6% of the city's area with a population of about 91277 people is in very high-risk zone. Considering very high to medium risk areas, 33 percent of the city's urban area, about 46 percent of the city's population are at risk of flood. This indicates that flood-prone areas are crowded and populated areas of the city.
    Keywords: flood zoning, Tabriz, Topsis-fuzzy, GIS
  • علی عشقی چهاربرج، محمدحسن یزدانی، احمد آفتاب
    سیاست توسعه درون زای شهری، از سیاست های سه گانه توسعه شهری است که می تواند پاسخگوی بسیاری از نیازهای مردم، ازجمله اسکان سرریز جمعیت شهری و ارتقای سرانه های خدمات شهری باشد و مادامی که در شهر ظرفیت لازم وجود دارد، استفاده از سایر سیاست های توسعه شهری، تحمیل هزینه های اضافه بر محیط است. شهر مراغه باوجود ظرفیت های توسعه درونی، بدون توجه به موانع فیزیکی به رشد پراکنده وار خود ادامه می دهد که موجب اتلاف هزینه ها و ناپایداری محیطی شده است که هدایت آگاهانه و ساماندهی اساسی را می طلبد. ازاین رو پژوهش حاضر درصد است تا ضمن شناخت موانع توسعه فیزیکی شهر مراغه به منظور مقابله با گسترش پراکنده وار شهر و احیاء بافت فرسوده و قدیمی مرکز شهر در جهت ایجاد توسعه پایدار شهری، لزوم برنامه ریزی توسعه درونی شهر مراغه را بیان می کند. روش این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی باهدف کاربردی است. جهت ارزیابی شاخص ها برای تعیین پهنه های مناسب توسعه شهری، از مدل ANP در رویکرد تلفیقی با GIS استفاده شده است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد: شاخص های موثر در توسعه درونی شهر مراغه؛ شاخص متوسط تراکم ساختمانی85 درصد، متوسط سطح اشغال کل شهر 61 درصد، باغات و فضای سبز از بین رفته در فاصله سال های 1373 تا 1385 در طول 13 سال، 1859273مترمربع معادل 92/185هکتار، توزیع سازگاری کاربری ها کاملا سازگار 25/89 درصد، 1/57درصد بناهای مسکونی دارای قدمت زیاد و مقاومت کمتراند، و 1/56 درصد ساختمان های مسکونی از کیفیت پایین برخوردارند، سرانه کلی معابر برابر 88/27 مترمربع می باشد اگرچه سرانه کلی معبر در حد بالایی است ولی تناسب لازم بین عملکردهای مختلف وجود ندارد. بافت قدیمی و تاریخی شهر مراغه دارای بافت سنتی با تسلط کاربری مسکونی و کوچه های باریک و پرپیچ وخم می باشد. نتیجه به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که شهر مراغه شرایط و ظرفیت های لازم برای توسعه درون زای، جهت نوسازی بافت فرسوده و ایجاد ساختمان های با تراکم بالا و کاربری مختلط مسکونی - خدماتی و دسترسی بهتر را دارا است.
    کلید واژگان: توسعه درونی، مکان بهینه، تحلیل شبکه، شهر مراغه، ANP، GIS
    Ali Eshghei Chharbrj *, Mohammad Hassan Yazdani, Ahmed Aftab
    Indigenous urban development policies , three policies on urban development that can meet the needs of many people, including population and housing overflow Capitation improve municipal services and as long as there is capacity in the use of other urban development policies , the imposition of additional costs environment. Despite Maragheh City internal development capacities, regardless of physical barriers to growth continues to spread like that is a waste of money and creates an unstable environment. Which requires informed guidance and basic organization. Therefore, the present study is a percentage of up to Understanding the Barriers to Physical Development of Maragheh City in coping with the Dispersion of the City the city and the revitalization of the old and old city center to create sustainable urban development, Necessitates the planning of the internal development of Maragheh city. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with a purposeful purpose. To evaluate the indicators for determining the appropriate areas of urban development, The ANP model is used in a GIS-integrated approach.The results show that : Factors affecting the development of the inner city of Maragheh, the average of 85 Percent, building density, The average occupancy level of 61 percent, gardens and green space destroyed during the 13 years between 1995 to 2015, 1,859,273 square meters, equivalent to 185.92 hectares, Distribution of 25/89 percent compatibility of applications fully compatible, 57.1 of residential buildings with a lot of resistance dating Less, and 56.1 of residential buildings are of poor quality, However, the overall per capita is equal to 27.88 square meters of roads per lane at a high level, but the proportion required between the various functions there. Old and historical city of Maragheh traditional context dominated by residential users and the streets are narrow and winding stairs. The results obtained suggest that the city of Maragheh conditions and capacity for endogenous development, the renovation of old buildings and the creation of high-density, mixed use and residential - have better access to services.
    Keywords: Internal development, site optimization, network analysis, Maragheh, ANP, GIS
  • محمدحسن یزدانی، علی سلطانی، حسین نظم فر، محمد امین عطار *
    جدایی گزینی شهری موضوعی مهم در بسیاری از شهرهای جهان است و از مدت ها قبل بسیاری از محققان به این مبحث توجه داشته اند. جدایی گزینی شهری، تمرکز فقر و پیدایش طبقات پایین را به طرز شدیدی در پی دارد. انواع مختلفی از جدایی گزینی شهری از قبیل جدایی گزینی درآمدی و قومی- نژادی وجود دارد که وابسته به مکانیزم های موجود در درون یک شهر است. به منظور برنامه ریزی جامعه ای بهتر، برنامه ریزان شهری نیازمند آگاهی از نحوه ی اندازه گیری جدایی گزینی و تجزیه وتحلیل نتایج حاصل از آن هستند. روش های متعدد سنجش جدایی گزینی شهری وجود دارد که به طرق مختلفی با هم متفاوتند. پژوهش حاضر پرکاربردترین شاخص های سنجش جدایی گزینی مسکونی چند گروهی(8 شاخص) را با استفاده از نرم افزار تحلیل گر جدایی گزینی در سطح شهر شیراز و میان پایگاه های مختلف اجتماعی- اقتصادی این شهر مورد مطالعه قرار داده است. جامعه آماری، کل محدوده کالبدی شهر شیراز به تفکیک بلوک های آماری(451بلوک) در قالب نقشه در محیط سیستمهای اطلاعات جغرافیایی و خانوارهای ساکن در آن(416141 خانوار) می باشد. درمجموع نتایج پژوهش وقوع پدیده جدایی گزینی در شهر شیراز را به میزان متوسط به بالا و با مقادیر محاسبه شده ی 7177/0، 5785/0، 1 - 5474/0، 5407/0، 3969/0، 3759/0، 3613/0، 3375/0 برای هر یک از شاخص ها مورد تایید قرار می دهد. از طرف دیگر به کارگیری تحلیل لکه های داغ نرم افزار ArcGis در محدوده موردمطالعه نیز نشان می دهد بیشترین تجمع فضایی پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی بالا(لکه های داغ) تقریبا در حوالی مرکز و ناحیه شمال غربی شهر، پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی متوسط در سمت غربی شهر و پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی پایین نیز در سمت جنوب غربی شهر شیراز خوشه بندی شده اند.
    کلید واژگان: جدایی گزینی مسکونی، شاخص های اندازه گیری چندگروهی، شهر شیراز، نرم افزار تحلیل گر جدایی گزینی، تحلیل لکه های داغ
    Mohammad Hassan Yazdani, Ali Soltani, Hossein Nazmfar, Mohammad Amin Attar *
    Urban segregation has been a problem of many cities of the world. Many researchers have interested in the urban segregation issues. Urban segregation has strongly concentrated poverty and created underclass. Different types of urban segregation exist, including income and racial or ethnical segregation, and depending on the contextual mechanisms within a city. To understand and plan a better community, urban planners needs to know how to measure the segregation and interpret the results. There have been many developments of segregation measures. Some evolved and some remained unchanged. This paper is studied the most used multigroup measures of residential segregation (8 indicators) in Shiraz city and between different socio-economic groups of it by using of the Segregation Analyzer Software. In general, the results show the occurrence of segregation in the medium amount to the high amount and by the calculated values of 0/7177, 0/5785, 0/5474 – 1, 0/5407, 0/3969, 0/3759, 0/3613, 0/3375 in the city of Shiraz. On the other hand, the use of Hot spots Analysis in the study area shows that the greatest concentrations of the socio-economic high group are in almost near the center of Shiraz city and the northwest of city, and for the socio-economic medium group exists in the west of city. Also there is the greatest concentration of the socio-economic low group in the southwest of Shiraz city.
    Keywords: Multigroup Indices, Residential Segregation, Segregation Analyzer Software, Shiraz city, the Hot Spots Analysis
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