mohammad mohammadipour

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of meta cognitive interpersonal approach training on rumination and self-esteem in women who had been betrayed. The research design and purpose of this study were the foundation for the quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest methodology, which included a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the women who visited the counseling clinic in Isfahan in 2021 as a result of their husband's infidelity. A sample of 30 individuals was selected based on the study's eligibility criteria and subsequently divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 individuals each. Before and after the intervention, participants completed the Ruminative Response Scale (RS) and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Subsequently, the experimental group was subjected to eight 90-minute sections of meta cognitive interpersonal therapy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance) in SPSS-25 software. The analysis revealed that meta cognitive interpersonal approach training resulted in an increase in self-esteem, a decrease in rumination, and a rise in self-esteem in betrayed women. It is suggested that meta cognitive interpersonal approach should be used to reduced rumination and increased self-esteem in betrayed women, in order to improve the mental health of women affected by marital infidelity.

 The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility and quality of life in conflicting couples.

 This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The sample consisted of 24 conflicting couples who were randomly divided into three groups: schema therapy group (8 couples), ACT group (8 couples), and control group (8 couples). Both experimental groups received seven 120-minute sessions of intervention. The research tools included the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

 The results showed that both experimental groups experienced significant improvements in cognitive flexibility and quality of life compared to the control group. Furthermore, the follow-up results indicated that these improvements in the schema therapy and ACT groups were sustained two months after the interventions. However, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches.

 Based on the findings of this study, both schema therapy and ACT can effectively increase cognitive flexibility and improve the quality of life in conflicting couples. These results highlight the effectiveness of these approaches in reducing marital conflicts and enhancing the psychological well-being of couples.

Eating disorders are one of the common mental and psychosomatic disorders that cause many problems in the physical health and mental performance of a person. Many people with bulimia have mental rumination regarding their body type. Patients who engage in mental rumination consider it a way to gain insight into their problem and through it they focus on themselves, the problematic situation and their feelings. In other words, they think that mental rumination helps them to solve their problems, while answering problems through mental rumination causes more tension and problems. On the other hand, self-acceptance in these people is lower than others. A person with low agreeableness tends to seek isolation and is afraid of and avoids communication with others. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic schema training in comparison with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with self-acceptance and rumination in women with diabetes and anorexia nervosa.

This is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population was all women with simultaneous disorder of diabetes and psychogenic anorexia in Mashhad city in the first half of 1402 who had referred to medical centers. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into three groups: schema therapy (15 people), acceptance and commitment therapy (15 people) and control group (15 people). Chamberland and Haga (2001) questionnaire was used to evaluate self-efficacy, and Trinoor et al. The therapeutic schema experimental group underwent the educational package intervention of Yang et al. (2003) and the acceptance and commitment experimental group underwent the therapeutic intervention of Hizo colleagues (2012) for ten one-hour sessions. The data was analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

 The results showed that the intervention of therapeutic schema and acceptance and commitment is effective on mental rumination (P<0.01), (F=29.63) and self-acceptance (P<0.01), (F=49.83) and this The effect is stable in the follow-up phase. The results of Shefe's follow-up test showed that there is a significant difference in self-acceptance and rumination between the two groups of acceptance and commitment and therapeutic schema (P<0.05); Therefore, acceptance and commitment have had a greater effect on reducing rumination and increasing women's self-acceptance.

 According to the results, it can be said that by teaching psychological treatment approaches such as schema and acceptance and commitment therapy, women can be helped in controlling diabetes and preventing their nervous overeating. Also, by controlling binge eating, they can be protected from the side effects of physical, psychological and social damage of binge eating, and thus have healthier mothers and a healthier society.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the mental health of conflicted couples.
 
Methods and Materials: This study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, including a control group. The study population consisted of couples who visited counseling centers and the Social Emergency Unit of the Welfare Organization in Bojnord in 2022, selected through a convenience sampling method. The schema therapy experimental group received seven 120-minute sessions, and the ACT experimental group participated in eight 120-minute sessions. The control group did not receive any training. The research instrument was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) by Goldberg and Taghavi (2001). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software with multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests.
 
The findings indicated the effectiveness of schema therapy and ACT in improving the mental health of conflicted couples, with sustained effects reported at the follow-up stage. Additionally, ACT demonstrated greater effectiveness.
 
Based on the findings of this study, schema therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be utilized to enhance the mental health of conflicted couples.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy training in comparison to acceptance and commitment approach training (ACT) with the psychological distress of women with bulimia nervosa.

The current research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population was all women with bulimia nervosa in Mashhad city in the year of 2023 who had visited the treatment centers, 45 of whom were randomly selected and randomly assigned to schema therapy (15 people), acceptance and commitment therapy (15 people) And the control group (15 people) was divided. The experimental group of schema therapy was subjected to the intervention of Yang et al.'s educational package (2003) and the experimental group of acceptance and commitment was subjected to the therapeutic intervention of Hayes et al, (2012) for ten one-hour sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that the intervention of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment is effective on psychological disturbance (P=0.001), (F=49.83) and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. The results of Shefe's follow-up test showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy in the effectiveness of reducing psychological disturbance (P=0.05); Therefore, acceptance and commitment have had a greater effect on reducing women's psychological turmoil.

According to the results, it can be said: by teaching psychological treatment approaches such as schema and acceptance and commitment to women, it is possible to help them lose weight and prevent their bulimia nervosa. Also, by controlling bulimia, they can be protected from the side effects of physical, psychological and social damage of bulimia, thus having healthier mothers and a healthier society.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of brain-oriented learning and multi-sensory learning on the mathematical performance of third grade students with math disorders. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a controlled. The statistical population of those third grade students with math disorder in Sabzevar Center for Learning Disorders was 50 people in the year 2022, of which 45 people were randomly selected and divided into three equal groups. The research tool was the scale for measuring the mathematics abilities of the third grade students of Tabriz (2009) and the experimental groups were given 8 sessions of 60 minutes separately under brain- oriented learning and multi-sensory training, and the control group did not receive any training. The data were analyzed by repeated measures variance analysis and Ben Ferroni post hoc test, and the results indicated the positive effectiveness of both methods on math performance, and the effectiveness of the brain learning method both in the post-test and in the follow-up period was more than multi-sensory training (0.05). >P). Based on this survey, these two methods can be used to improve the mathematical performance of students with mathematical learning disabilities.

Intrudoction: 

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of positive psychology interventions on emotion control and treatment of Internet addiction in high school students in Tehran.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The population of this study was the second-high school male students in the 5th district of Tehran in the academic year 1401-1400, from which 30 students were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups of 15 people. For data collection, two questionnaires were used: Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (2003) and Granfsky, Craig and Spinhon (2001) Emotion Control Questionnaire. SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance tests were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that positive psychology intervention improved emotion control and reduced Internet addiction in the post-test and follow-up stages.

Considering the positive results of research on the effectiveness of positivist psychology interventions, the use of positivist psychotherapy to improve emotion control is recommended.

The objective of the present study was the structural modeling of university students’The objective of the present study was the structural modeling of university students’ addiction seeking according to parenting styles with the mediation role of emotional self-regulation. The research is applicative and the research method was correlational through structural equations modeling. The statistical population of the study included the students at Islamic Azad University, Ghoochan branch, in the second semester of academic year 2020-21. Three hundred and forty students were selected from the statistical population as the sample through proportional stratified random sampling method. The research instruments were emotional self-regulation (Gross, John, 2003), addiction tendency questionnaire (Wade, Butcher, 1992) and parenting style questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972). The data analysis was conducted through structural equations modeling via SPSS and Amos versions 23. The results showed that authoritarian parenting style has a direct effect on emotional self-regulation (p<0.05, β=0.533) and addiction tendency (p<0.05, β=0.437) of students. was significant and was able to explain 28.4 and 19.1 percent of the variance of these variables, respectively. Also, authoritarian parenting style has a significant direct effect on emotional self-regulation (p<0.05, β=0.545) and addiction tendency (p<0.05, β=0.462) of students. able to explain 29.5 and 21.3 percent of the variance of these variables, respectively. In addition, permissive parenting style had a significant direct effect on emotional self-regulation (β = -0.426, p < 0.05) and addiction tendency (β = 0.518, p < 0.05) of students. and was able to explain 18.1 and 26.8 percent of the variance of these variables, respectively. Finally, emotional self-regulation on addiction tendency (β = -0.547, p < 0.05) of students had a significant direct effect and was able to explain 29.9 percent of the variance of this variable and in relation to parenting styles with Students' addiction tendency also plays a significant mediating role (p<0.05). Paying attention to the significant mediating role of emotional self-regulation, it is possible to reduce the incidence of addiction among students by using effective interventions such as emotional self-regulation training.

Considering the decreasing age of addiction and the many problems faced by addicts, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings.

The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all the junior and senior high school students of one district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years, which number of 310 people of them were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. The tools of the current research were the questionnaires of addiction potential, academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness, which whose psychometric indicators were confirmed in previous researches and in this study. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings had a good fit. Also, the variable of academic failure on the hopelessness feelings and bias towards drugs, the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the hopelessness feelings and the variable of hopelessness feelings on the bias towards drugs had a direct and significant effect (P<0.05), but the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the bias towards drugs hadn’t a direct and significant effect (P>0.05). In addition, academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit had an indirect and significant effect on the bias towards drugs with the mediating of hopelessness feelings (P<0.05).

The results indicated the effective role of academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating of hopelessness feeling on bias towards drugs. Therefore, the planners and specialists of cultural and educational activities of adolescents in order reduce to bias towards drugs can seek to design and implement programs to reduce academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness feelings.

People's Exercise performance and sports can be influenced by various factors. Coaches and other influential people control athletes' behavior through motivational speeches, so that their motivational speeches are the most effective external factors that motivate athletes. Some of them use self-confidence-building techniques such as: expressing positive expressions, emphasizing the athlete's capabilities, encouraging the athlete to define and praise himself, verbal encouragement, using words with a positive meaning, attributing the athlete's success to internal factors, encouraging the athlete By reflecting their moods and performance, the use of the image of a race in which they won or will win, will increase the success of athletes. Humanity has followed different ways to achieve success and prosperity since long ago. Among psychologists, people like Freud have proposed the word "self-confidence" with a different perspective, and Maslow has discussed self-improvement more than anyone else. And can control thoughts in the form of more beautiful and understandable words for us. People like Piaget and Vygotsky expressed the effect of inner dialogue or self-talk in a different form of speech, and people like Bandura expressed self-efficacy and its components such as verbal encouragement, which according to various researches, if used correctly, improve performance. The presence of others, including competitors, spectators, and teammates, can have various effects on social facilitation. It means that it positively or negatively affects a person's performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of verbal persuasion (individual and group) on exercise performance of students with source-control correlates and Gender.

The study is semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical sample includes 120 male and female students from associate degree to master's degree of Islamic Azad University, Qochan branch in the academic year it is 2018-2019. The study is semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. In this regard, a sample of 120 male and female students was selected using available sampling method and randomly replaced in three groups. First, the running record of 4 × 9 meters was taken from the three groups. Then the first group received individual verbal persuasion, the second group received group verbal persuasion, and the third group (control) did not receive persuasion.  Finally, the new record of 4 × 9 meters was achieved. Analysis of covariance and externally postoperative test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that verbal persuasion (individual and group) has a positive effect on increasing the running record of 4 × 9 meters. But the source of control and g ender do not have a positive effect on increasing the running record of 4 × 9 meters.

What is certain, based on theories such as: Piaget, Vygotsky, Bandura, Ellis, Beck and Collins and various researchers, the effect of various types of verbal encouragement and punishment in the lives of different people can be different and have intensity and It is a weakness and athletes cannot be exempted from society. Verbal encouragement and mental exercise techniques such as imagery and self-talk have been proven to increase self-confidence. Self-talk (self-expression, spontaneous thoughts, speech therapy) plays an important role in the relationship between events and emotions. It is true that, based on various researches, professionalism in sports can cause changes in the effects of encouragement or punishment, but still, everyone is under the influence of it overtly or covertly, either consciously or unconsciously. Because the observed researches that have been conducted so far in the field of verbal persuasion have not distinguished between self-talk, individual verbal persuasion and group verbal persuasion, and they have not directly investigated the determinants of the source of control and gender as a result of them, so it can be concluded by referring to related researches. that the results of this research in the field: "source of control (internal and external) and gender (male and female) determine the effect of verbal persuasion (individual and group) on the sports performance of students (running record 9 x 4 meters)". Researches: in the context of the role of family function in the source of control and improving the dimensions of behavioral control, emotional reaction and role playing (Fayaz et al., 2016) in the context of the positive relationship between motivational beliefs and the source of control with the academic progress of students in the field of the relationship between the source of control and academic progress In the context of the positive effect of gender on cognitive strategies and self-regulation strategies in the context of the positive relationship between the GPA and the source of control, as well as between gender, mother's education and satisfaction with the environment of growth and education with the GPA of students in the context of the positive relationship between the source of internal control and self-regulation of students. Therefore, it seems that according to the obtained results by using individual and group verbal persuasions appropriate to different cultures and situations, the best and most effective ones can be selected and used at the right time.

Internet addiction refers to excessive use of the Internet and can affect other social activities. It is essential to identify factors that reduce dependence and reduce addiction to the Internet. this study aimed to identify the effect of Self-Regulated Learning through mediation of Academic Engagement on internet addiction to help control and design effective interventions on preventing it. this study was descriptive - correlation based on structural equation modeling (SEM). In order to achieve this goal, the students of Farhangian University of North Khorasan who were studying in the academic year of 20219 - 2020 were selected as a systematic random sampling and responded to Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1998), academic self – regulation (2010) and Reeve academic engagement (2013). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. the results showed that academic self - regulation and academic engagement have a negative and significant effect on internet addiction. The academic engagement in the relationship between academic self - regulation and internet addiction has a mediator role and according to fitting indexes (GFI=.92, PCFI=.74, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.075, X2/d.f=2.564 ). The model has good fit.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of brain-based and multi-sensory learning on the working memory of third-grade students with math disorders. The study followed an experimental design with a pre-test and post-test, with a control group. Forty-five third-grade students with math disorders were selected from Sabzevar Learning Disorders Center in the academic year of 2022 through purposeful and accessible sampling, and were randomly divided into three groups of equal size. The experimental groups received separate training in brain-based and multi-sensory learning, while the control group did not receive any training. The research tool was Danmin and Carpenter's Working Memory Scale (1983), and the data was analyzed through a repeated measures design with Benferroni's post hoc test. The results suggested a positive effect of both training methodologies on active memory. The effectiveness of the brain-based learning method was found to be superior to the multi-sensory training in both the post-test and follow-up periods (P<0.05). These findings suggest that both methods can be employed to address working memory difficulties in students with math learning disabilities.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Mentalization based therapy on the difficulty of emotional regulation and aggression of depressed female adolescents. The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up phase and follow-up period in two months. The statistical population of the present study included female adolescents with depressive disorder who referred to education counseling centers in Babol city in the academic year of 2021-2022. 30 female adolescent with depressive disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15 adolescent in the experimental group and 15 adolescent in the control group). The experimental group received Mentalization based therapy (10 sessions) during 10 weeks (90 minutes). The applied questionnaires in this study included Adolescent Depression Questionnaire (Kutcher, 2002), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992). The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test via SPSS23 software. The results showed that Mentalization based therapy is effective on the difficulty of emotional regulation (F=33.28; Eta=0.54; p<0001) and aggression (F=48.60; Eta=0.63; p<0001) of depressed female adolescents. According to the findings of the present study, Mentalization based therapy can be used as an efficient method to decreace difficulty of emotional regulation and aggression of depressed female adolescents through employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions, and behaviors associated with mindfulness.

The present study was conducted to provide a structural model of extramarital relationships based on cognitive schemas and alexithymia with the mediation of family function in Gonbad-e Kavus city. The research method was a descriptive correlation of the path analysis type. The statistical population consisted of married men and women who were referred to counseling centers in Gonbadkavus City in 2022, from which 200 people were selected through available sampling. The research tools include the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008), the Young Schematic Questionnaire (YSQ) (Yang, 2005), the Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20) (Bagby et al., 1994) and the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD-60) (Epstein et al., 1950). The results of the path analysis indicated the optimal fit of the model. The results of the path analysis indicated the optimal fit of the model. The findings showed that the direct effect of none of the cognitive schemas on extramarital relationships was insignificant. However, the other orientation schema indirectly and significantly affects extramarital relations by mediating family function (P<0.01). Emotional dyslexia significantly affects extramarital relationships, both directly and indirectly (P<0.01). The dimensions of identifying, expressing, and introspection have a negative and significant indirect effect on extramarital relationships through the mediation of family functioning (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive schemas indirectly affect extramarital relationships by mediating family functioning, but emotional dyslexia is directly and indirectly effective.

Given that primary dysmenorrhea can affect individuals’ course of life and social activities, it is necessary to consider the role of related variables in its incidence and conduct more studies to take effective measures to reduce this pain.

This study aims to model the structural equations of the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and body image concerns with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea.

This study adopted a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational research design. A structural equation modeling method was conducted on 724 students studying in the first semester of 2021 - 2022. Questionnaires assessed menstrual pain severity, body image concern, pain self-efficacy, and metacognitive beliefs. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, SPSS.25, and AMOS 24.

According to data analysis, all indices of fit were appropriate after modifications, and the model had a very good fit at the significance level (χ 2 /df = 3.619, CFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.910, NFI = 0.907, RMSEA = 0.060, 90%CI [0.053, 0.068], SRMR = 0.077). In examining direct pathways, metacognitive beliefs showed a direct effect on and a negative correlation with the severity of dysmenorrhea. The investigation of indirect pathways also confirmed the effect of metacognitive beliefs on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea with the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. The effect of the direct pathway of body image concern on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was not significant and was removed from the model. On the other hand, as the examination of the indirect path showed, the effect of body image concerns on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea was mediated by pain self-efficacy.

According to the findings, the promotion of mental health was effective in controlling primary dysmenorrhea. Hence, more attention to psychological issues is required through effective practical protocols to provide an introduction to menstrual health and the grounds for performance improvement in girls.

The purpose of the research is to Investigating the mediating role of rumination between parental control and shyness in adolescent girls.

The current research method is descriptive-survey of correlation type. The purpose of the research is applied and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population includes all female secondary school students of Bojnord city who were engaged in the analysis in the academic year of 2014-2016. In order to estimate the sufficient sample size, Klein's (2005) sample size determination method was used, and 567 people were selected as the sample size. The sampling method is a single-stage cluster. In order to collect the desired information and measure the research variables, Hoeksma and Maro (1991) Rumination Questionnaire, Leslie et al.'s (1986) Parental Control (PLOC) and Stanford Shyness Questionnaire were used. SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data.

According to the results, the causal model of students' shyness based on parental control with the mediating role of rumination has a suitable fit.

parental control has a direct effect on self-criticism. Parental control has a direct effect on shyness. Parental control has a direct effect on rumination. Rumination has a direct effect on modesty. Rumination plays a mediating role between parental control and shyness.

Background &

Self-talk, in the sense of internal dialogue with oneself, is one of the important techniques of sports psychology that can significantly affect the success of athletes. This technique involves the use of positive sentences and phrases that help strengthen mindfulness, focus, self-confidence, and emotional control. Positive self-talk helps athletes cope better with stress and mental pressure in competitive situations. People's training and sports performance can be influenced by various factors. Coaches and other influential people control the behavior of athletes through motivational speeches so that their motivational speeches are the most effective external factors that motivate athletes. Athletes themselves can also use energizing words to create high internal motivation for themselves. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of self-talk on students' training performance based on the correlations of parenting styles and gender.

This is a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical sample includes 80 female and male students with an associate degree to master's degree from Islamic Azad University, Quchan branch in the academic year. It is 2018-2019. First of all, the initial record of running 9 x 4 meters was used, and to measure self-talk, the Persian version of the self-talk questionnaire in sports was used by Tahmasabi et al. who tried to match the groups according to different factors. Finally, using the results, each of the two groups of men and women was divided into two experimental groups of 10 people with self-talk training and self-talk training sessions, and no self-talk training session was held for the control group of 40 men and women. It didn't happen. In the end, the final record of 9x4 meters was made from all 80 available samples. To analyze the data, a covariance test, and post-hoc test were used.

The results of this research showed the effect of self-talk on increasing the record of running 9 x 4 meters, but parenting styles and gender did not determine its effect. Before determining the type of test, the assumptions of the used statistical method should be examined. In Table 3, the results of the normality tests for the dependent variable in the post-test stage of the control group and the experimental groups are presented along with the value of the Kolmogrof-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks statistics, and it can be seen that the investigated variables are normal in the experimental and control groups. Because the significance level is greater than 0.05. According to the significance level of the univariate covariance analysis test (less than 0.05) in Table No. 4, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the members of the self-talk experimental group and the control group in the students' training performance. In other words, according to the average scores of the students' practice performance, it can be said that self-talk has reduced the time (improvement of the record) in the students of the experimental group. The amount of effect or difference is equal to 0.247. In other words, 24.7% of the individual differences in the post-test scores of students' practice performance are related to the effect of students' self-talk. According to the significance level of univariate covariance analysis of gender (0.427) in Table number 6, it can be said that there is no significant difference between the average performance of female and male students. In other words, gender does not determine the effect of self-talk on students' training performance. Also, there is no interaction between self-talk and students' gender. Because the significance level of group-gender (0.634) is also higher than 0.05.

Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is possible to select and use the best and most effective self-talk appropriate to different cultures and situations at the right time. The findings of this study show that self-talk is significantly effective in improving students' practice performance. This positive effect is attributed to various factors such as increased self-confidence, improved concentration, and reduced stress and anxiety. Using positive self-talk can help students have a positive attitude toward their abilities and maintain higher morale in the face of training challenges and obstacles. Another finding of the study is that parenting styles do not have a significant effect on improving students' practice performance. Several reasons may explain this result. First, parenting styles are more influential in shaping general behaviors and attitudes during childhood and adolescence, but their direct impact on specific performance such as athletic training during college may be less. At this stage of life, students are more influenced by other factors such as the academic environment, friends, peers, and instructors. Second, upon entering adulthood, people gradually become more independent and their decisions and attitudes are less directly influenced by their parents. Especially in areas such as sports and physical training, students may rely more on personal experiences and the advice of their sports coaches than on behavior patterns that have been passed down to them since childhood. Another finding of the study is that gender does not have a significant effect on improving students' practice performance, and this issue can be explained for several reasons. First, progress in exercise training depends more on individual factors such as motivation, willpower, and physical and psychological abilities than on gender. In academic settings where students are typically located, practice facilities and opportunities are equally available to all, and gender differences in access to resources and mentoring are minimized. Second, in many studies, gender differences in athletic performance are more likely to be attributed to biological differences such as body composition or hormone levels, but these differences are less influential in students' daily exercise performance level, which focuses more on general exercise and fitness maintenance.

Considering the decreasing age of addiction and the many problems faced by addicts, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings.

The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all the junior and senior high school students of one district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years, which number of 310 people of them were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. The tools of the current research were the questionnaires of addiction potential, academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness, which whose psychometric indicators were confirmed in previous researches and in this study. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings had a good fit. Also, the variable of academic failure on the hopelessness feelings and bias towards drugs, the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the hopelessness feelings and the variable of hopelessness feelings on the bias towards drugs had a direct and significant effect (P<0.05), but the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the bias towards drugs hadn’t a direct and significant effect (P>0.05). In addition, academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit had an indirect and significant effect on the bias towards drugs with the mediating of hopelessness feelings (P<0.05).

The results indicated the effective role of academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating of hopelessness feeling on bias towards drugs. Therefore, the planners and specialists of cultural and educational activities of adolescents in order reduce to bias towards drugs can seek to design and implement programs to reduce academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness feelings.

The negative effects of having a child with special needs is accompanied by a lot of tension and causes a lot of psychological damage to the family, especially the mother as the main caregiver. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy in a group manner on the psychological functioning of mothers with exceptional children.

It was a semi-experimental research and its design was pre-test-post-test and 3-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with exceptional children in the elementary school of Qarchak city of Tehran. 36 people were selected with the purposeful sampling method and replaced by randomization in three groups of 12 people. Therapeutic interventions were applied during 8 sessions (one session of 60 minutes per week) for the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Demographic information checklist and general health questionnaire (Goldberg & Putnam, 1972) were used to collect data. Data analysis with descriptive statistics, test of parametric statistical assumptions and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used with the help of SPSS version 24 statistical software.

The results showed that the psychological function, physical symptoms, mood problems, anxiety and insomnia and social skills of the experimental groups have significantly improved compared to the control group and this improvement It remained stable in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the usefulness of the two intervention methods, existentialism and cognitive-behavioral methods, in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05)Conclusion, The findings show that these intervention methods can be used to improve the social-emotional condition of mothers with exceptional children as effective intervention methods

Digital literacy competencies play a pivotal role in teachers' professional development. However, the absence of effective instrument for measuring teacher digital learning has hampered researches in this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Zimmer, McTigue and Matsuda (2021) Digital Learning Identity Questionnaire. The research method was survey. The statistical population of the study was all school teachers in Mashhad who were teaching in the academic year 1399-1400. Using the available sampling method and based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was 420 people. The questionnaire was distributed and completed electronically after translation and validation by experts. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the structure and internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used for reliability. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the model and the structure of the internal relations of the items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the digital learning identity questionnaire was 0.97 and for self-regulated learning (0.86), Knowledge Resources (0.91), Attitude (0.91), efficacy (0.91), knowledge achievement (0.91) and challenge (0.90) were obtained.

Teachers' digital learning identity questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid instrument in research.

Several factors are effective in the tendency to use drugs. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of drugs on students based on parenting style and metacognition with the mediating role of impulsivity and self-efficacy.

The research method was descriptive-correlation type and structural equations. The statistical population of the research was formed by the students of Hakim Sabzevari University (7248 people). To select the sample, a stratified random sampling method was used and 376 (216 girls and 160 boys) were selected for the statistical sample. The research tools included impulsivity questionnaires by Ernst Barth et al. (2004), addiction susceptibility (APS) by Wade et al. (1992), self-efficacy by Scherer et al. (1982), parenting styles by Baumrind (1991) and metacognition questionnaire (MCQ-30). AMOS software was used for data analysis and the direct and indirect effect of variables on each other was investigated by structural equation method.

The fit indices of the research model were in a favorable condition. Parenting style had a direct effect on drug abuse. Metacognition had no direct effect on drug abuse. Impulsivity plays a mediating role between parenting style and addiction to drugs. Also, impulsivity plays a mediating role between metacognition and drug use tendency. Self-efficacy does not play a mediating role between metacognition and addiction to drugs, and self-efficacy does not play a mediating role between parenting style and addiction to drugs.

Parenting style had a direct effect on drug abuse. Metacognition had no direct effect on drug abuse. The indirect effect of impulsivity on addiction to drugs was confirmed, but self-efficacy did not play a mediating role in the relationship between independent variables (metacognition and parenting style) and addiction to drugs, and accordingly, in addiction treatment clinics to reduce the level of addiction tendency it is necessary to pay attention to the antecedents of parenting style, self-efficacy, and impulsiveness.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the difficulty of emotional regulation and aggression in female adolescents with depressive symptoms .

The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and follow-up period in two months. The statistical population of the present study included female adolescents with depressive symptoms who referred to education counseling centers in Babol city in the academic year of 2021-2022. 30 female adolescent with depressive symptoms were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15 adolescent in the experimental group and 15 adolescent in the control group). The experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy (10 sessions) during 10 weeks (90 minutes). The applied questionnaires in this study included Adolescent Depression Questionnaire (Kutcher, 2002), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992). The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test via SPSS23 software .

The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy is effective on the difficulty of emotional regulation (F=42.50; Eta=0.60; p<0001) and aggression (F=31.83; Eta=0.53; p<0001) of female adolescents with depressive symptom .

According to the findings of the present study, dialectical behavior therapy can be used as an efficient method to decreace difficulty of emotional regulation and aggression of female adolescents with depressive disorder through employing techniques such as bearing distress ،emotional self-regulation ،mindfulness and effective communication

One of the proven topics in psychology is the influence of people's emotions on their decision-making process and judgment regarding future events. So that when people have positive feelings, they make optimistic choices and when they have negative feelings, they make pessimistic choices.

This research was carried out using foundational data theory. The statistical population was formed by professional and academic experts in accounting and finance fields and the sampling method was purposeful, and finally 20 people from the statistical population were interviewed. Then, using the results of semi-structured interviews with experts, during the coding stage and inspired by the theoretical and empirical literature of the subject, codes were identified and categorized into different categories.

Based on the results of interviews with experts and according to the indicators and components, a model was presented. The results showed that individual components, emotional and emotional components are among the causal factors affecting the time changes of systematic risk; Psychological and moral factors are also among the underlying factors for it; While emphasis on culture building and individual factors are defined strategies. "Personality components" are also considered interfering conditions.

The behavioral financial factors of investors have an affecting time changes of systematic risk, which should be taken into account in the investment process, and in this research, we identified its indicators and components.

In many cases, shyness is the main obstacle to the flourishing of abilities, creativity and fulfilling responsibilities; The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of self-criticism between emotional self-regulation and shyness of students.

The current research method is descriptive-survey of correlation type. The purpose of the research is applied and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population includes all female secondary school students of Bojnord city who were engaged in the analysis in the academic year of 2014-2016. In order to estimate the sufficient sample size, Klein's (2005) sample size determination method was used, and 567 people were selected as the sample size. The sampling method is a single-stage cluster. The data collection method is library and field studies, and the information collection tools were Thompson and Zorov's self-criticism levels questionnaire (2004), Stanford's shyness questionnaire (1990) and emotional self-regulation questionnaire from Hoffman and Kashdan's questionnaire (2010).

The findings showed that the causal model of students' shyness based on emotional self-regulation with the mediating role of self-criticism has a suitable fit. Also, emotional self-regulation has a direct effect on self-criticism, and emotional self-regulation has a direct effect on shyness. Another is that self-criticism has a direct effect on shyness, and self-criticism plays a mediating role between emotional self-regulation and shyness.

It can be concluded that self-criticism plays a mediating role between students' emotional self-regulation and shyness. Therefore, the planners of the educational system with the help of psychologists and school counselors can include the necessary measures in the curriculum to remove the shyness of students.

The aim of this study was to predict job stress based on quality of work life and communication skills in nurses. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the current study included all nurses in Tehran with a population of 3500 people. For data collection, the British Institute of Health and Safety Job Stress Questionnaire , the Walton Standard Quality of Work Quality Questionnaire and the Queen Dam Communication Skills Questionnaire were used. Simultaneous regression results showed that quality of work life and communication skills can predict job performance. According to the findings, it can be concluded that the quality of work life and communication skills of nurses affect their job stress. By considering the predictive power of communication skills related to job stress, such skills can be taught to nurses to reduce their stress and job stress.