mohammadjavad rezaei

Intermarriage is an issue that is scattered among the ontological views and opinions of Muslim mystics and philosophers regarding the quality of the formation of the worlds of existence and marriage of the names and attributes contained in the levels of existence and the results thereof, from the essence of the One to the multiplicity. The attempt of this article is a new perspective, along with an ontological examining of the possibility of the generalization of intermarriage among the types of beings, in an infinite process, called the infinite specific intermarriage. In mystical and philosophical discussions, the species of beings, especially the species of human, cannot be limited to specific states and types; because with intermarriage, these types are transformed into other types or states. The present article aims to answer this question, "is the intermarriage of species up to the point of infinity possible?" And if possible, "what variables are effective in these intermarriages?" It enjoys a qualitative method for the study of variables through library sources, along with an analysis of related opinions, leading to practical results. Some variables also affect each other in an interactive way. The research finding is that these variables, by affecting each other, step by step, will provide the possibility of generalizing species to the infinite specific intermarriage and will support this new attitude.

Aluminum wires, due to their extensive use in various industries, particularly in the electrical industry, have been of significant importance. One of the most effective methods for investigating microstructure is the utilization of crystal plasticity theory. In this study, the microstructural changes of a 1000 aluminum wire (grade 1350) with a diameter of 4 mm under torsional loading are examined using a spectral solver (Fast Fourier Transform) in DAMASK software. For this purpose, Crystal Plasticity Fast Fourier Transform (CPFFT) is applied to a Representative Volume Element (RVE) containing 100 grains. The initial non-random texture is assigned to the Representative Volume Element (RVE) as quaternion numbers, and then, using a crystal plasticity spectral solver, the deformed quaternion numbers due to shear deformation are extracted. Using the MTEX toolbox available in Matlab, these numbers are transformed into pole figures (PF), inverse pole figures (IPF), and orientation distribution functions (ODF) of grains were converted and plotted. The accuracy of CPFFT results is validated against experimental results from Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) tests. Comparison of the results for a π-radian rotation sample shows that components A، A^*1 ، A^*2، B and B are created at the pole figure results, but did not indicate any component from the orientation distribution function in both EBSD and CPFFT test samples.

In this paper, Germanium-based vertical tunneling transistors are investigated and the electrical properties of the transistor in two modes of Germanium utilization as well as Gallium Arsenide as the channel are compared. The simulation of this transistor was performed by Silvaco software using non-local tunneling model. The results show that more ON-current, less OFF-current and less bipolar current at negative gate voltage are the advantages of using Gallium Arsenide instead of Germanium as the channel. In the following, the channel parameters are changed and the effect of their change on the behavior of the transistor is studied. Increasing the channel length reduces the Off-current and increases the On-current to Off-current ratio, as well as reducing the sub-threshold slope. On the other hand, increasing the channel width reduces On-current to Off-current ratio and increases the sub-threshold slope. The On-current to Off-current ratio increases with increasing channel length and decreasing channel width, and increases to 1.5 × 10 + 15.

Predicting and analysing flow in the vegetated channel and wetland is the main challenging environmental and hydraulic problem. It is due to the high dependency of the hydraulic properties of the flow to the physical structure, density, and distribution of vegetation in wetlands and channels In this study, velocity profiles are investigated in emerge vegetated channels with considering density effect. The experiments were performed in a laboratory flume with vegetation called Eleocharis and three different types of densities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of velocity profiles in emerged vegetation channels in the presence of real plant species and to provide a more accurate relationship. Therefore, studies were performed in a laboratory flume with a rectangular cross-section 20 meters long and 1.5 meters wide with a fixed floor slope of 0.005, in which a type of vegetation called Eleocharis was used in three types of low, medium, and high density. The results showed that the velocity in the upstream areas is the lowest which on average shows an average velocity in the upstream compared to the downstream for different densities of about 4 to 12 percent. Meanwhile, the average velocity decreases by increasing the plant density from 23 to 42 and from 42 to 72 about 12 and 4.5 percent in the upstream and about 11 and 4 percent in the downstream, respectively. Also, to estimate the average flow velocity in the vegetation area, a modified relationship was presented which has acceptable accuracy. The application and accuracy of this relationship in artificial wetlands and channels are important to eliminate runoff pollution and sedimentation.

Considering the impact of development plans on the policy makers and executives, the achievement of the Islamic revolution's aims depends largely on the compatibility of these plans with the economic discourse of the Islamic revolution and their implementation. Accordingly, this study focused on "identifying the rural progress elements within Islamic revolution discourse", "analyzing the sixth development plan's compatibility with these elements", and "suggesting some ideas for the seventh development plan draft". The method employed was content analysis applied to Imam Khomeini's and the supreme leader's speeches, as well as the constitution. After identifying the elements of Islamic revolution's discourse with regards to the rural progress, the sixth development plan was investigated. Also, using the official data and the economic indexes, the compatibility of this document with the economic discourse of the revolution was studied. It was found that the compatibility of the indexes is not much promising, considering the revolution's discourse in the sixth economic, socio-cultural development plan. Therefore, it was suggested that the seventh development plan should modify some of these pitfalls.

Taxation, while influencing the choices of individuals in society, determines the type of government relations with the people and to some extent the quality of the relationship of individuals in society. One of the agendas of economic policymaking is to pay attention to the dimensions and characteristics of desirable or fair tax governance. The purpose of this article is to extract the characteristics of a fair tax system; Accordingly, the question of this research is: "From an Islamic approach, what are the institutional principles or rules of a fair tax governance?" This research is exploratory and does not have a priori assumptions about the characteristics of a fair tax administration; To this end, by focusing on the three main components of governance as well as the three main functions of taxation, we have considered the area of "tax governance". Then, based on our understanding of Islamic justice, the rules that govern each of the nine sections of the tax governance structure. The final result of this study is fifteen rules that govern the various dimensions and levels of the tax governance structure; These rules can be used as a basis for reforming or evaluating a tax system from an Islamic just perspective.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder leading to severe medical conditions such as liver failure or malignancy. Given the potential relation between sleep disturbance and NAFLD, we aimed to investigate the association between the deterioration of sleep and liver stiffness with NAFLD.

In this cross-sectional study, 134 patients who were proven to have NAFLD were included. Liver stiffness was determined by transient elastography, and sleep patterns were evaluated using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

The results showed that sleep disorder was more prevalent in women (P = 0.007), and they had higher liver stiffness than men (P = 0.001). Habitual Sleep Efficiency: The adequate sleep time was worsened in patients with more severe liver stiffness (P = 0.037). Also, Subjective Sleep Quality that is the self-estimation of patients about sleep quality, was reversely related to liver s tiffness (P = 0.003). Categorized liver stiffness groups had a negative association between sleep quality and liver stiffness (P = 0.001), but there was no significant association between liver stiffness and sleep latency, sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction or using sleeping pills.

The present study indicates that bad sleep habits and poor sleep quality correlate with increased liver stiffness in patients with NAFLD, suggesting that patients' lifestyle modification can improve the quality of their lives and prevent more severe disorders caused by sleep dysfunction

Two important presuppositions that deny the existence of “Islamic economics” are discussed in this article and its positive (affirmative) implications are specified; presuppositions about the “ethical” and “functional” dimensions of economics; The first presupposition is that economic research and analysis merely expresses the relationships between economic variables and phenomena and are essentially in the realm of beings (existential affairs). The function of “economics” in society is different from the function of “religion” according to the second presupposition. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine these presuppositions with careful analytical-philosophical theories about the nature of “economics”, but, based on the opinions of some economists and in accordance with the subject documented by teachings and perceptions based on Islamic sources. Finally, in line with the critical issues presented in this paper, the opinion expressed on the nature of “Islamic economics” is presented.

Clarification of definitions and functions of social sciences has important implications in our understanding about the nature and method of these sciences. This paper seeks to clarify the position of ideas about justice in the scientific effort of economists, by presenting an account about the nature of economics. In this paper, based on analytical-theoretical approach, and of course, relying on the notions of innovative economists, attempts to redefine the nature of economics. Accordingly, economics is the science of studying how to deal with the conflict of interests, which, of course, this study is based on the “scientist’s or analyst’s perspective about justice”. One of the implications of this point of view is to help understanding the collapse of the positive-normative economics distinction; not only “observations”, but “theorizing” and “providing scientific explanations” are influenced by “the best way to deal with the conflict of interests in the view of the economic or researcher or analyst”. Ultimately, this article criticizes the famous distinction of “science-school” in the literature of Islamic economics.

The Evolution of the social sciences is one of the foundations for change in social construct at any society. Since the realization of the Islamic society requires evolving of the social sciences and underlying of social construction based on social sciences arising from Islamic principles, the discussion of the possibility and nature of this evolution should be subject to methodical research. This paper, focusing on the field of economics studies, seeks to provide reasons for justifying the evolution in economics studies based on Islamic thoughts.

This paper, based on analytical-descriptive approach, propose considerations about the evolution of economics.

The announcement of a correct and logical position on the evolution of economics requires three important epistemological and methodological considerations about: (1) the epistemological origin of modern social sciences; (2) the function of economics as one of the social sciences as well as the nature of the activity of economists and (3) foundations of conventional economic analysis and the avoidance of superficiality in studies that attributed to Islamic economics.

Given these three considerations, conventional economics can be regarded as a basis for accepting a moral basis for solving conflicts of interest, and hence the scope for entering values from different paths to the scientific achievements of economists. Of course, it should be noted that the evolution of conventional economics in the production of ideas and ideas of Islamic economics requires careful consideration to avoid fundamental epistemological and methodological errors in this fundamental development.

In today’s modern world, in order to accelerate the work, it has been attempted to replace the human force with machines so that the jobs would not be dependent on certain people. Agriculture is no exception and today, image processing is used for mechanizing the methods and for replacing human beings with intelligent machines. One of the cases in which image processing is used is for identifying types of plants, their defects and the type of their diseases. The deficiencies of nutrients are one of a variety of physiological diseases of trees that its identification is very important. The common method for this is to review the leaf through human eyes, soil decomposition and laboratory methods, which needs experts and so much time and costs which makes it uneconomical. Thus, we have considered a method for solving this problem. In this study, few types of defect have been investigated. For this purpose, at first, the leaves were collected and their images were taken and after processing the image, leaf features were initially extracted and then, by using the chromatic features of each pixel of the leaf, their defects were identified. This method identifies the defects with an accuracy of 95%.

The interactions formed between the people of a society shape the “reality of the social life” of each society. It is clear that the thought of social scholars is both influencing and influenced by the formation of a particular way of interaction, but the important point is that each social thinker is trying to provide a meaningful life in his or her own perspective. But it is certain is the difference in scholars' interpretation of "improvement", "progress" or "regulated society" largely rooted in their philosophical assumptions. In this article, without going back to philosophical assumptions, we are going to provide an interpretation of economics. By this definition, we intend to rule out the "economic science (without adjective)" and to expose a new path for those interested in Islamic economics.  In this article, Islamic economics which is called the Jurisprudence of social interactions, is the science of designing and presenting mechanisms of equitable benefit to society. Each socio-economic school proposes a specific mechanism for dealing with the problem of extracting, producing, distributing and consuming any goods in society to meet the needs of individuals in the community as well as to eliminate potential conflicts between them; It will include different bundles of property rights for that particular goods. Jurisprudence of social interactions presents Islamic mechanisms by defining and restricting property rights deriving from religion. "Social Interaction Jurisprudence" reflects a different view of the purpose, subject area, and method of Islamic social science, including Islamic economics, in the construction of society.

Esophageal varices are mainly caused by portal hypertension and are a common complications of chronic liver disease (CLD). In this study, we investigated the diagnostic relationship between liver stiffness (LS) measurement using elastography and their association with esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

One hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this study between Sep 2017 and Aug 2019 . All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to evaluate the presence and severity of esophageal varices . LS measurements were performed for all liver.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Platelet and AST-to-platelet ratio (APRI) levels were not significantly different between the two groups (p> 0.05). No significant difference was observed for Liver stiffness (LS) in the two groups (p -value = 0.826) .

No significant difference was observed for LS in the two groups with and without varices in this study.

Escherichia coli is the first bacteria on which cloning and protein expression are carried out. The purpose of this study was to summarize the numerous articles published in the field of protein expression in Escherichia coli. In studies, researchers in a new project require the production of pure protein, which at the theory level is easy to obtain a recombinant protein, but   there are virtually many problems, including low growth of host, formation of inclusion, protein not being active, and there is even no protein production in the exprimental scale. To enhance the expression of the protein, factors such as suitable host, vector design, transcriptional settings, selective markers, and reluctant labels are effective. There are a range of fusion proteins that can effect on accurate folding, solubility, and proteolytic resistance. Also the ability to target produced proteins to cytoplasm, periplasm, membranes and the culture medium, and some techniques grant the ability of post translational modifications in prokaryotic cells. Therefore, the key to the successful expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli is a combination of expert manipulation of the components of a broad genetic apparatus.

  Groundwater is one of the main sources of drinking water, agriculture and industry. It is worth noting that groundwater is considered as reserve resources in some areas, while in other areas it may be used for supplying potable water due to their availability (Daliakopoulos et al., 2005; Nayak et al., 2006). Groundwater analysis is an essential factor in maintaining its access. Modeling and predicting the groundwater level for environmental protection, maintaining the balance of the groundwater system, controlling changes in groundwater levels and protecting the escalation of land subsidence are important. Groundwater management techniques and solutions, and control measurements by researchers and operators to address the long-term problems of land subsidence and groundwater conservation (Affandi and Watanabe 2007; Mohanty et al., 2015). The main aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of evolutionary neural network models in the monthly groundwater level estimation. In this study groundwater level, precipitation, evaporation, annual average temperature and effective influence between 1993 and 2016 were used. The purpose of this study is applying neural networks to estimate the groundwater level. To use the neural network, we must optimize the weights and biases of the network. In this research, weights and network biases were obtained using optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, Imperialist Competitive algorithm and ant colony algorithm. Different control parameters have been used for models, and they are compared with each other based on the mean square error and the coefficient of determination. All four models showed the best accuracy for input combinations. Comparison of the results shows that the ANN-GA model has a better performance than the other three models for groundwater level estimation. The advantages of GA are: 1) The nature of the random search of this algorithm in the problem space is in some way a parallel search. Because each of the random-generated chromosomes generated by the algorithm is considered as a new starting point to search for part of the problem-space and searches in all of them simultaneously. 2) Due to the breadth and dispersion of the points to be searched, it yields a satisfactory result in issues of great search space. 3) A kind of random search is targeted and will come from different paths to different answers. In addition, there is no limit to the search and selection of random answers. 4) Because of the competition, the answers and the selection of the best among the population, with a high probability, will reach the optimal level. 5) Its implementation is simple and does not require complex problem-solving procedures. It can be said that this algorithm may be a good candidate for hydrological modeling. Investigating the trend of groundwater level changes in the plain over a period of 22 years shows that from 1993 to 2006, due to excessive withdrawal and droughts, the level of stagnation with a steep slope has fallen. Since then, with the arrival of the water of the Karkheh Dam and the reduction of withdrawal, the groundwater level of the plain table has risen and reaches 14 meters in 2015. Most commonly used methods for training neural networks from descending gradients using back propagation are to calculate real gradients. In recent years, some researchers have developed evolutionary techniques for estimating groundwater level changes, including genetic algorithms (Dash et al. 2010, Jalakamali and Jalakamali 2011), Imperialist competition algorithm (Tahershamsi and Sheikholeslami 2011), particle swarm optimization (Xi et al. 2012, Gaur et al. 2013) and comparing these methods with each other (Kisi et al., 2017). In addition to the above-mentioned models, the ANN-ACOR model was also used. Comparison of the results shows that the ANN-GA model has a better performance than the other three models for estimating groundwater level, which contradicts the results of (Xi, 2012) and (Gaur, 2013), and matches with the research (Jalalkamali, 2011) and (Dash, 2010).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to determine the relationship between the serum HbA1c level and the severity of CAD in diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled 138 patients with DM who were candidated for ive coronary angiography. HbA1C was measured in all the patients. The study population’s demographic information was collected through questionnaires. The data were analyzed with the SPSS software, version 16, and the descriptive statistical method was used to present the results. ive coronary angiography was normal in 4.3% of the patients, while 26.1% had single- vessel disease, 47.8% had double-vessel disease, and 21.7% had triple-vessel disease. The serum HbA1c was less than 7% in 23.9%, between 7% and 9% in 39.1%, and more than 9% in 36.9% of the patients. A serum HbA1c level of more than 9% was reported in 42.1% of the patients with triple-vessel disease. Our results indicated a relationship between the serum HbA1c level and the severity of CAD.

Monitoring and evaluation is an integral and crucial step in any development program. The lack of monitoring and evaluation also multiplies the deviation of the program during implementation, and greatly reduces the achievement of its intended goals, and, in addition, improves the timing of the program and repeats past mistakes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of monitoring and evaluation in different periods of Iran's development plans. The status of monitoring in the structure of the institutions associated with the development program reflects the amount of planner's attention to the issue of monitoring and its effectiveness. Various factors, including the independence of the supervisory authority, the non-interference of the duties of various regulatory bodies and assessment methods, and ... affect the effectiveness and effectiveness of monitoring. In order to achieve this goal, we examine the rules and programs of different courses using the library method and analyze the information obtained by extracting the materials and items related to monitoring and evaluation. The results show that limiting the monitoring method in the reporting method and the instability of the related structure of the supervisory authority is one of the most important factors in reducing the level of monitoring and evaluation credit in Iran's development programs and minimizing its effectiveness.

Public Finance and Public Policy: Responsibilities and Limitations of Government” attempts to analyze the dimensions of public policy by using the findings of economics. The book by focusing on theoretical principles governing the behavior of economic agents, including models based on public choice theory, and without engaging in practical details, providing insight into public decision-making processes. The feature of this book is its reliance on some of the themes and models of “game theory”, “information economics”, “behavioral economics”, “social justice” and “political philosophy”.

By knowing the water consumption rate in different sectors can be done essential planning the water supply. In this study was investigated the rate of per capita domestic water consumption in ardakan urban area and its relationship with water consumption variables.
this descriptive - cross sectional study and was conducted to cluster sampling method over 300 families in ardakan. The research questionnaire including background information (location type, level of education, gender, family size, job and the amount of income) and also variables related to building (level whole earth, level infrastructure, age of building, level green space, water Supply Source green space, Flow meters status and Amount Consumption). The research data were analyzed with the help of software spss 16.
Average daily water consumption, families the studied 518.23 liter and per capita domestic consumption 147.16 Liters per day was calculated. Study results showed there is significant relationship between average households water consumption with the increasing number of bathrooms, number of washing machines and increase the number washing machines, also there is a significant relationship between per capita domestic water consumption and increase in commuting guests.
Domestic consumption per capita the families the studied and without counting the water losses lines distribution network more than the average per capita domestic water consumption (without counting water green space) and due to the water shortage and imbalance of drinking water across the country and especially the desert areas of Ardakan, it is essential with an acute awareness of cases water consumption in the domestic sector, provide solutions and the necessary training in this section the good decisions must be taken.

Cervical cancer is one of the main causes of women's mortality in many of developing world countries and had a significant increase in recent years. Using appropriate screening methods, this disease can be diagnosed at early stages and the deaths caused by it will be reduced. This study was performed with aim to compare the results of colposcopy and histology in patients with abnormal Pap smear or suspicious clinical findings.
This cross-sectional analytic study was performed on 75 patients who had referred to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj from January 2013 to January 2016 with abnormal Pap smear and suspicious clinical findings in order to perform colposcopy and Pap smear. Colposcopic results and histological findings were extracted from the patient's files. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and Chi-square test. The confidence intervals for diagnostic value indices were 0.05.
Histopathology and colposcopy studies were conducted on 36 patients with abnormal Pap smear and 39 patients with suspicious symptoms and clinical findings. Sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy were 69.23% and 73.46%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of colposcopy were 58.07% and 81.82%, respectively. There was significant relationship between the results of colposcopy and histology.
In cases of abnormal Pap smear and suspicious clinical findings, colposcopy can be used to validate the findings.

Moral philosophy is an inquiry about the correctness/wrongness and permissibility/impermissibility of actions, or an inquiry about the arguments beyond our moral beliefs. One of the important areas of recalling moral beliefs or understanding right and wrong actions is the realm of humans’ interactive behaviors. So it seems plausible that “game theory”, as the study of the process and outcome of individuals’ interactions, should have the capacity to be philosophically and ethically investigated. This paper tries to, first, investigate the effect of “some ideas and models in game theory” on “some ideas and theories in moral philosophy and justice studies”, and then critically analyze the validity and fruitfulness of such effects. Research method in the first part is based on the historical studies performed since 1940. The presented critical evaluation is in the form of a theoretical analysis. The findings suggest that some innovations in the game theory have been effective on some ideas and theories in moral philosophy and justice studies. The critical examination of the analytical framework of ideas and theories based on game theory approach shows the shortcomings and difficulties in taking advantage of game theory as a tool for moral philosophy.

Some contemporary economists and philosophers, such as Sugden, have used Game Theory to explain justice. The present paper explains Sugden’s theory about the emergence and persistence of covenants and his evolutionary conception of economic justice and its critical assessment. Sugden’s theory of natural justice is critically investigated by using the theoretical-analytical method and taking advantage of the teachings of Islam. According to the research findings, "emergence of the covenants in the state of chaos as a means of selection of balance" and the "effect of such covenants on people's perception of justice" are among the principles of Sugden’s theory. Although his analysis has the advantage of paying attention to norms, it is confronted by such problems like "irreducibility of some values ​​like justice to facts '' , “opposition of intuitive and Islamic understanding to sustainability criterion as a constitutive element of fair situation" and "inadequacy of adherence to human-centered approaches for resolving the conflict of interests". Sugden's view of justice bears some similarities to the Islamic views, including Allameh Tabatabaei's view about the formation of social agreements. However, one cannot expect to achieve justice through the covenants arising from the pursuit of self-interest, as Sugden believes. The process of reaching agreements on the norm of justice and resolution of conflict of interests in the implementation phase requires benefiting from the Shari’a.

The wide range of Individual choices are formed in the context of cooperative games and team working. Division of gains raised from such coalition is very important. Considering that the general framework of gains allocation in this game is different from non-cooperative games، there are variety of solutions in game theory have been proposed for this purpose. The goal of this paper، first، is a comparison of this solution with the answers that obtained from an experimental survey، and secondly، the evaluation of level of fairness in this theoretical solution concepts based on perception of those surveyed about fairness. The findings of this study suggest that “nucleolus” and “egalitarian” solutions have the most similarity to individual’s choices. Moreover،respectively، «nucleolus»، «egalitarian» and «Shapley value» solutions considered fair solutions from the perspective of Interviewees.

Taxation and allocation of the budget for providing public goods is the responsibility of governments. Governments according to their administrative and decision-making structures, trying to perform this task. Public choice theory, by focuses on public decision-making and government failure, consider fiscal federalism as a solution. The main goal of this paper is to examine the Islamic economics counter to this proposal. In order to achieve this goal, topics such as similarities between natures of khums, zakat and conventional tax and Islamic evidence of regional budget expenditure has been mentioned. Finally, by assuming certain considerations, according to Islamic point of view, there is no obstacle to implementation of some level of fiscal federalism in the state.

Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi as representatives of peripatetic and Ishraqi schools have disagreements over different topics which the most serious of them is dispute over “prime matter “as something which lacks actuality and is mere receptibility. By reference to philosophical books -in particular those relating to Avecennian wisdom- it can be observed that at most three arguments in proving the prime matter from Ibn Sina’s works is observable that its results is a belief in the composition of body from matter of bodily form. The author of Hikmat-al- Ishraq considers one of these arguments as nothing and criticizes the other two arguments seriously and regards the body as lacking prime matter and is mere substantial connection; but he in his “Talvihat” under the influence of the ideas of Ismaili sage and Ikhwan-al safa subscribes to the existence of prime matter in bodies.Following this dual reaction, these questions can be raised: is Suhrawardi in agreement with Ibn Sina in Talvihat, but disagrees with him in Hikmat-Al Ishraq? Is his dispute with Ibn Sina on this problem a literal disagreement? The purpose of this reaserch is to present the differences of opinion between Suhrawardi and Ibn Sina, remove controvercy from Suhrawardi's point of view regarding prime matter.On this basis some ideas of contemporary thinkers are studied and criticized.