reza farzizadeh

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease that it leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and destruction of liver cells if it left untreated. Changing the lifestyle and doing physical activity can be the main factors in the prevention and treatment of this disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of physical activity on patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

This study aims to investigate the effect of physical activity on patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease. To reach this aim, 32 research articles were prepared from the scientific databases including Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and SID during the period of 2011 to 2024. Moreover, these articles have been analyzed and the conclusion has been drawn from them.

Physical activity increases AMPK, PPAR-α/γ, T3, GLP-1, UCP-1, it reverses intestinal microbiome dysbiosis ,and it decreases FGF-21, ASK-1, PAMPs and ROS in patients with fatty liver.

Regular physical activity as an effective non pharmacological method can be used to prevent and treat non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for predicting the probability of success of wrestlers based on their demographic characteristics.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of the study was all Iranian wrestling coaches in 1398, from which a sample of 428 people was selected by available sampling method. Research variables included age, coaching experience, coaching degree, highest level of coaching, level of education, championship record and success in coaching. Data were analyzed by logistic regression using R software.

The results showed that the highest level of coaching and championship record had the greatest impact on the success of wrestling coaches. The chance of success of coaches with the highest level of national or international coaching was four times the chance of success of other coaches. In addition, the success chances of coaches with provincial, national and international championships were twice, seven times and six times higher than the chances of success of coaches who did not have championships, respectively. Other studied variables had no significant effect on the success of coaches.

In order to train successful wrestling coaches, it is better to use young coaches with championship experience in the national team camps. This will increase the level of coaching of young coaches and increase their chances of success.

Resistance training is a fundamental method for inducing muscle growth, enhancing functional capacity, and preventing injuries among athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an eight-week resistance training program on the performance progress of young sprint runners.

  This semi-experimental study involved the selection of 34 young runners who were then randomly assigned to either a training group or a control group. The exercise group underwent resistance training sessions for eight weeks. Parameters including absolute power, relative power, lower limb power, and 100m sprint records were analyzed. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANCOVA) test was employed to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the two groups. Additionally, the correlated t-test was used to compare post-test results between the groups. The paired t-test was also utilized to compare pre-test and post-test results within the training group. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.

The findings revealed that the exercise group, which underwent resistance exercises with weights for eight weeks, experienced a significant improvement compared to the control group. Furthermore, factors such as absolute strength, relative strength, lower limb strength, and limb telemetry showed significant increases. Additionally, athletes in the training group achieved faster sprint records.

Resistance training promotes muscle hypertrophy, enhances power, and improves sprint records. Therefore, it can be concluded that athletes involved in track and field events utilize resistance training as part of their preparation to enhance performance and achieve record-breaking results.

Somatotype is one of the effective factors in predicting the success of athletes in various sports. Somatotype can be a determining factor in individual differences. In traditional Iranian medicine, the relationship between people’s temperaments (Mizaj) on the one hand and their physical structure and physiological and psychological performance on the other has been discussed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between somatotype and Mizaj in male non-athlete university students in Mashhad.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on male students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the winter of 2016. The sample consisted of 200 individuals who were divided into four groups of 50 people based on their Mizaj: warm and wet, warm and dry, cold and wet, and cold and dry. The relationship between the Mizaj index and somatotype was investigated using the Eta correlation coefficient method. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were tested in SPSS software version 21 with a significance level of p ≥ 0.05.

Statistical results showed that the Eta correlation coefficient between the endomorphic type and Mizaj was 0.89. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that cold and wet Mizaj had a significantly higher endomorphic score than other types of Mizaj (4.91±0.58) (P=0.001). Moreover, the correlation coefficient of Eta between mesomorphic type and Mizaj was 0.924. It was also found that the warm and wet Mizaj had the significantly highest mesomorphic score (5.12±0.49). The correlation coefficient of Eta between ectomorphic type and Mizaj was 0.946 (P=0.001), and cold and dry Mizaj had the significantly highest ectomorphic score compared to other types of Mizaj (4.83±0.45).

The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between Mizaj and the body type of young men. Therefore, since the structure of a person’s body type can be a predictor of success in any of the various sports, Mizaj can be used to determine a person’s athletic talent.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of fatigue on the range of ground reaction force in national team wrestlers during running.

The statistical population of this research was made up of men with an age range of 18 to 22 who were members of the national wrestling team. A Bartek force plate with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz was used to record the ground reaction force during running. The subjects were given a pre-test, then exercise and fatigue, and after fatigue, a post-test was taken. A t-test was used to analyze the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data distribution.

The time to reach the vertical peak when the heel separates from the ground before and after fatigue had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049). Also, the findings showed that the fatigue factor for the variables impulse and vertical loading rate was not statistically significant. The results showed that internal-external force p = 0.02 has a significant difference compared to other vertical components.

The fxpo variable indicates the amount of ground reaction force in the inner direction, and its increase is related to the increase of foot supination, considering that after fatigue, the amount of this variable has increased, so the values of foot supination will probably increase, which can lead to the weakness of the ankle joint during loading response.

Adipose tissue-derived adipokines affect cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of interval resistance training with different intensities on leptin, adiponectin, and acrosin levels in obese males.

Fourty-four obese males (27.70± 3.02 years) were randomly allocated into four groups: high intensity (HI), moderate intensity (MI), low intensity (LI), and control (C). Subjects of the HI, MI, and LI groups implemented the training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with intensities corresponding 80% 1RM, 60% 1RM, and 40% 1RM,, respectively. Body composition and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and asprosin were evaluated before and after interval resistance training at different intensities.

Following exercise, serum levels of leptin and asporin were significantly reduced in all groups (P< 0.01). The greatest reduction of leptin and asporin levels was recorded in the HI group (P= 0.001, P= 0.01) for leptin and asporsin levels, respectively. The level of adiponectin significantly decreased after exercise in all groups (P< 0.001, F= 12.44). The greatest reduction was observed in the HI group compared with the MI and UI group (P= 0.001).

Interval resistance training with different intensities can cause significant changes in leptin, asprosin, and adiponectin levels in obese men, and this improvement was better at high intensities.

The irisin and betatrophin hormones are involved in insulin resistance. Considering the muscle weakness of elderly diabetics, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 21 weeks of strength training on betatrophin and irisin serum levels in type 2 diabetic elderly men.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on type 2 diabetic men with an average age of 70.85±2.90 years. The strength training protocol was performed twice a week for 21 weeks. The exercises consisted of three stages: 1- muscle endurance, 2- muscle hypertrophy, and 3- maximum strength training. Fasting blood glucose levels and serum levels of insulin, betatrophin, and irisin were measured in two phases before and after the exercises.

The serum levels of insulin, irisin, and betatrophin in the diabetes control group were lower than in the healthy group (P<0.05) and 21 weeks of strength training increased the serum levels of insulin, irisin, and betatrophin, and decreased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in elderly diabetic men compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Strength training improved metabolic disorders in diabetics and increased secretion of irisin and betatrophin following exercise which indicated that exercise may have a protective mechanism in diabetes.

Stationary movements by performing strength activities, through the development of skeletal muscles of diabetics, improve insulin sensitivity and harvest more glucose in the body. In addition, these exercises can be a protective mechanism to prevent or delay the complications of type 2 diabetes by increasing irisin and betatrophin levels.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Interval resistance training with different intensities on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and neuroglin-4 (NRG-4) in obese men.

In this semi- experimental research, 44 obese men aged 20-30 years old in Tabriz city were selected and divided into 4 control groups, low intensity Interval resistance training with low intensity, medium intensity and high intensity. In the continuation, the subjects of the resistance training group performed their training program for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with 3 different intensities (40% 1RM with 20 repetitions, 60% 1RM with 12 repetitions and 80% 1RM with 20 repetitions) and 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last resistance training session, the subjects' personal characteristics and serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NRG-4 were measured by ELISA.

The research findings showed that 12 weeks Interval resistance training decreased serum levels of IL-6 in group with high intensity (P=0.01) and increased serum levels of NRG-4 in exercise groups with different intensities(P=0.001) in obese men, but it had no significant effect on TNF-α levels (P=0.05). The dcrease in IL-6 and increase in neuroglin-4 levels in the high intensity Interval resistance training group (P=0.02) was the most compared to other groups (P=0.02 and P=0.001; respectively).

It seems that Interval resistance training with different intensities can improve inflammatory indices and neuroglin-4 in obese people, and this improvement was more prominent in high-intensity resistance training.

The ankle joint is one of the most vulnerable joints in the body due to weight bearing. Pronated foot is one of the most common complications of the lower limbs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise protocol in water and theraband on the electrical activity of lower limb muscles in people with pronate foot during walking.

The present research was a clinical trial study that was conducted in a semi-experimental and laboratory. The participants of the present study included 45 students of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,  who had pronated foot. They were selected purposefully and divided into three equal groups. The age range of the subjects was 18-25 years. To measure the electrical activity muscles of lower limbs, it was recorded using an electromyography device. Electromyography data were analyzed using biometric datalite program. In addition, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and bonferroni post hoc test was used, and the significance level was P≤0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between time*group activity of the gastrocnemius (P=0.001) and semitendinosus (P=0.046) in the three groups of training in water, theraband and control during the heel contact phase. Therefore, using the appropriate post hoc test (LSD), it was shown that the activity of the gastrocnemius muscle in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the group of training in water (P<0.001; d=6.08) and theraband (P<0.001; d=3.66) had a significant increase of 24.03 and 16.46%, respectively. The activity of the semitendinosus muscle in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the water training group (P=0.041; d=4.98) and theraband (P=0.048; d=4.76) had a significant increase of 21.06 and 19.01%, respectively.

According to the present study, it seems that doing exercises in water and thera-band can play an effective role in improving the range of electrical activity of the muscles on lower limbs of people with pronated foot during walking. In addition, according to the effect size, it was found that training in water had a better effect on the activity of the gastrocnemius and semi tendinosus compared to thera-band.

Background & Aims:

Cytokines are a group of proteins that play the main role in inflammatory responses to pathological stimuli such as inflammation and tissue damage. Also, immunoglobulin A is the main class of antibodies in the body that undergoes changes during physical activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of resistance training with blood flow restriction on the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IgA and TNF-α in judokas.

Materials & Methods:

The present research method was interventional (semi-experimental). The statistical population of the present study was male judokas athletes in Tehran. 30 male judokas were randomly divided using available sampling method into 2 groups of training with blood flow restriction as the first group and training without blood flow restriction as the second group. Before the implementation of training programs, blood samples were taken from the subjects, and serum concentrations of IL-6, IgA and TNF-α were measured by ELISA method. Resistance exercise with blood flow restriction was an exercise with 30% intensity of one repetition maximum with cuff pressure (around the proximal area of the arm). Blood flow restriction was considered to be about 120 to 160 mmHg, which depended on the systolic pressure of each individual. Multivariate covariance test was used for inter-group comparison and dependent t-test was used for intra-group comparison at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of the inter-group comparison showed that IL6 (P=0.023), TNF-α (P<0.001) and IgA (P=0.019) in the two groups of resistance training with blood flow restriction and traditional resistance training were significantly different.
The results of the intra-group comparison showed that IL6 (P < 0.001), TNFα (P = 0.003) and IGA (P = 0.027) in the resistance training group with blood flow restriction in the post-test stage was decreased compared to the pre-test. Also, IL6 (P<0.001) and TNFα (P<0.001) in the traditional resistance training group had a significant decrease in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test.

According to the research results, it can be concluded that a period of traditional resistance training and resistance training along with blood flow restriction can lead to diminishment in TNF-α and IL-6 levels, which shows the improvement of the inflammatory index. Also, resistance training along with flow restriction has led to a decrease in IgA, which indicates weakening of the immune system. According to the findings of this study, in terms of immune system physiology, muscle injuries and inflammations, it is recommended to eliminate intense resistance training programs and develop appropriate training programs such as resistance training with moderate intensity blood flow restriction for athletes.

Osteoporosis usually starts at a young age and progresses slowly over time. Therefore timely diagnosis of this disease plays an effective role in raising the level of health and public health in the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some indicators of osteoporosis and bone mineral density of the pelvis in active elderly men.
This study was semi-experimental. 25 active elderly men with the age range of 60 to 85 years were selected as available and with medical records. Anthropometric characteristics and serum indices of subjects were used as effective indices of osteoporosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between bone mineral density of the pelvis and effector indices, data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 software.
The results of this research showed that in the active elderly men, there is a significant relationship between age (P=0.044), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.021), serum calcium (P=0.037) and phosphorus levels (P=0.046) and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.016), with bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis. No significant relationship was found between vitamin D with BMD of the pelvis (P=0.055).
In general, the results show that there is a significant relationship between bone density and body mass index, calcium and serum alkaline phosphatase indices in active elderly men. Therefore, it is possible to use the serum levels of these indicators in predicting this disease, and exercise may also be one of the influencing factors, so the effect of exercise on other bone density indicators can be investigated.

Background and Aims:

 Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in the world. Various methods, such as medication and exercise can be helpful, although information on the issue is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of TRX resistance training along with using taurine supplementation on glycemic indices of type 2 diabetic females.

Methods :

The sample of the present study consisted of 40 middle-aged females with inactive diabetes with an age range of 40 to 60 years. Subjects were randomly divided into four groups of ten, including the training group, supplement group, training+supplement group, and control group. Fasting blood glucose (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C) levels were measured before and after the training period. The duration of the training program for the training group was eight weeks for three sessions per week

Results :

The results showed that HBA1C levels decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test in the supplement (P=0.027), exercise (P=0.001), and supplement+exercise (P=0.001) groups. While the levels of this variable did not show any significant difference in the control group in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P>0.05). The results showed that FBS levels in the exercise group were statistically lower than in the supplement + exercise group (P=0.012).

Conclusion:

 According to the findings, it can be concluded that resistance training using the TRX method along with taurine supplement can reduce resting FBS and glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C) levels in type 2 diabetic women and increase women’s health.

The purpose of designing and manufacturing a dual-purpose push-up and mechanical triceps device is to increase the strength of the arm and chest muscles without pressing on the lumbar vertebrae and creating lordosis. It works when an sportsman sits over themachine and fastens the belt. So that the person can adjust the amount of pressure applied to the muscles  by increasing or decreasing the upper and lower weights. Push-up is a common exercise which strengthens the central and upper body muscles. The central muscles are the muscles that control the spine, abdomen, back and lower back. This common exercise is present in many people's everyday workout program. Regular and daily practice of this exercise can increase muscle mass and physical strength and improve cardiovascular health. The central muscles of the body and legs are also involved in this exercise, although arm’s muscles and shoulders are used.  Therefore, push-up is useful for increasing the strength of all parts of the body. Designing a dual-purpose device for strengthening pectoralis major and triceps muscles can create a safe environment for performing this exercise.

Rapid weight loss in lower weight classes of wrestling tournament is an important issue in the field. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of programs of rapid weight loss on heart muscle cell damage and the related index levels. Sixteen young wrestlers (age:18±1.31 years, weight:71.68±13.17 kg, height: 171±6.40 cm) in the form of crossover were randomly divided into two groups (the first group with a weight loss of 2% and the second group with a weight loss of 4% of body weight). Blood samples were analyzed in four stages: before, immediately after, 6, and 24 hours after losing weight. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed and Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze the data in various stages. At the end of the study, a significant increase in the amount of CK-MB in the two groups was observed immediately after weight loss (p=.009). However, this association was unstable and 24 hours after the normal weight loss, CK-MB reached its normal level. Also, a significant increase in serum LDH levels was observed in the two groups' weight loss (p=.008), while no changes in CK levels were observed in the two groups. It seems that rapid weight loss by 2% to 4% of body weight can cause serious heart damage. In addition, CK-MB and LDH enzymes showed that rapid weight loss was due to increased levels of these enzymes. Obviously, it is necessary to do further research.

Rapid weight-loss to participate in a lower weight-class is the most important problem in the current wrestling sport.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rapid weight-loss on the physical fitness and exercise performance parameters in the teenage boy elite wrestlers.
Ten elite wrestlers (16.4±0.51 y, 62.3±8.31 kg, 172.6±7.44 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometric parameters, body fat percent, long distance jump, height jump, flexibility tests, Queen's step test, Illinois agility test, 60-meter dash, visual and audio reaction times, and grip force were measured in three sessions 1) before weight-loss, 2) after weight-loss and 3) 16 hours after weighing. Repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni pairwise comparisons were computed to identify any statistical differences between sessions.
Current results shown 2.5 % rapid weight loss cause a significant difference in the grip isometric force (p According to the results obtained in this study, rapid weight-loss has a negative impact on the performance and physical fitness parameters in the teenage elite wrestlers and after 16 h recovery did not return to the normal values.