saeed ghanbari

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease. Familiarity and awareness of self-care conditions and health-promoting behaviors contribute to patients’ self-efficacy.

This study examines the relationship between self-care ability and health-promoting behaviors in patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

This descriptive-analytical study involved 112 MS patients from the MS Society of Khuzestan province, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic form, Weaver’s Self-Care Inventory (SCI), and Walker’s Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), then analyzed with SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean self-care ability score was 104.49 ± 12.72 (range 40 - 240), and the mean health-promoting behavior score was 132.52 ± 12.72 (range 50 - 208), indicating overall poor health-promoting behaviors. Self-care ability was significantly related to health-promoting behaviors in MS patients (P < 0.01). Age (P = 0.001), education (P = 0.002), and job type (P = 0.017) showed significant relationships with self-care ability. However, there was no significant relationship between demographic variables and health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.05).

Multiple sclerosis patients exhibit poor health-promoting behaviors and self-care ability. Improving self-care ability and health-promoting behaviors requires ongoing education and culturalization. The MS Society can design and implement structured training programs by understanding the self-efficacy needs and abilities of patients and collaborating with other therapy group members.

The use of non-pharmacological therapies is important in reducing the complications and consequences of diabetes.

This study aimed to determine the effect of group reality therapy on adherence to treatment regimens and health indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This randomized controlled trial was performed on 60 patients with diabetes who were referred to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Ahvaz. Patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (N = 30) or the control group (N = 30). Both groups completed health indicator tests, questionnaires on demographic and clinical information, perceived adherence to the treatment regimen, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The intervention group received reality therapy training, which consisted of 10 sessions of 45 minutes each (one session per week) over 2 months, delivered through lectures and face-to-face training sessions. The control group received only routine hospital interventions. The collected data were then analyzed using a one-way t -test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Twenty-seven patients in the intervention group and 27 in the control group completed the study. After analyzing the data, it was revealed that the mean age of the patients in the control group was 55.30 ± 7.95, while it was 51.96 ± 10.55 in the intervention group. Findings showed that scores for the dimensions of adherence to the treatment regimen in the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean health indicators in the intervention group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean blood sugar level of patients in the intervention group decreased from 229.63 ± 98.76 to 123.59 ± 42.03. Likewise, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and blood cholesterol significantly decreased from 8.19 ± 2.09 to 6.11 ± 1.86 and from 176.52 ± 51.53 to 146.22 ± 34.68, respectively.

A reality therapy training program can be effectively used to increase treatment adherence and improve health indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Health literacy skills play a pivotal role in adopting preventive behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed emphasis on health-oriented behaviors, and health literacy is considered one of the most influential indicators affecting health-centric behaviors.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the level of health literacy and the adoption of preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among students at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz.

In this study, the research population comprised 223 newly enrolled students from seven main faculties at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz in the year 2022. Participants were randomly selected, and data collection instruments included a COVID-19 prevention questionnaire and a health literacy questionnaire for adults. The questionnaire links and study participation consent forms were sent to the participants. Inclusion criteria consisted of willingness and consent to participate in the study, and enrollment in the first year of study (either the first or second semester) in various academic levels at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. The exit criteria were defined as failure to respond to more than 5% of the questions. After data collection, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient tests, and regression analysis were employed using SPSS software for data analysis.

The findings revealed that women, married individuals, employed participants, and those with underlying health conditions obtained higher scores in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 and health literacy. Regression coefficients indicated that a one-unit increase in health literacy scores could lead to a 0.439-unit increase in preventive behaviors against COVID-19. According to correlation analysis, a positive, direct, and significant correlation existed among all dimensions of health literacy and preventive behaviors against COVID-19 (P < 0.05), with the behavioral dimension being the only significant predictor of preventive behaviors. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the behavioral dimension score could result in a 0.373-unit increase in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 (P < 0.001).

The results showed that health literacy is directly related to COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Therefore, to promote preventive behaviors against infectious diseases, special attention should be paid to health literacy and its influential dimensions. Recognizing the importance of advancing health literacy across various dimensions can significantly contribute to the control and prevention of communicable diseases.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of dichotomous thinking and social trust in the relationship between insecure attachment dimensions and features of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).  The statistical population consisted of university students from 20 provinces in Iran, with data collected from February to March 2021. A correlational design based on structural equation modeling was used, involving 436 university students selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed self-report measures, including the Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline Scale, Adult Attachment Inventory, Social Trust Questionnaire, and Dichotomous Thinking Inventory. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the proposed model.  The serial mediation model showed that dichotomous thinking mediated the relationship between insecure attachment dimensions and social trust, which in turn predicted features of BPD. The predictor variables explained 4%, 50%, and 60% of the variance in dichotomous thinking, social trust, and BPD features, respectively.  The pathway by which attachment insecurities influence BPD features varies by attachment dimension. Furthermore, social mistrust, rather than dichotomous thinking, serves as a key mechanism through which attachment insecurities contribute to BPD features. Addressing social mistrust may provide a more comprehensive understanding of BPD.

Well-being combines good feeling and effective performance, which means flourishing. It is achieved by successfully pursuing PERMA's five components: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement. Adolescents often experience emotional problems such as anxiety and stress that can negatively impact their psychological well-being and life satisfaction. To address this issue, a research study was conducted to train psychological well-being based on the PERMA model to 14-16-year-old girls with anxiety symptoms. The study used a non-random sampling of accessible and purposeful type by considering 9th and 10th-grade female students (1st and 2nd high school) of Tehran as the statistical population. The research was a quasi-experimental type of group with a pre and post-test and follow-up test design. The training course consisted of 6 weekly sessions of one and a half hours each. The findings showed that after the training course, there was a significant increase in the total score of PERMA and its components, such as positive emotion, engagement, positive relationships, and meaning. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms among adolescents. In the three-month follow-up, these positive changes in positive emotion, engagement, and positive relationships were permanent, and engagement increased significantly over time. Despite the improvement in achievement, the changes did not reach a significant level. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that PERMA model training increases flourishing and reduces anxiety symptoms in 14 to 16-year-old girls.

The spread of various pandemics and other outbreaks is inevitable, and rehabilitation specialists are the most exposed groups due to working with disabled patients. This study evaluates the correlation between COVID-19 anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), social participation, and coping styles during the pandemic with demographic information of Iranian rehabilitation specialists.

In this cross-sectional study in 2022, 300 Iranian rehabilitation specialists were selected randomly. They responded to the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS), OCD Assessment Tool, Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ), Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ), and the demographic checklist. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, ANOVA test, and SPSS 22.

The mean scores for anxiety (18.70) and OCD (86.47) were in the moderate range, and that of social participation (34.12) was in the severe range. For coping styles, the greatest (15.1) and least (12.15) mean scores were found for problem-solving and confrontative coping styles. There were significant correlations when comparing the main variables with the demographic variables.

Rehabilitation specialists experienced substantial anxiety and OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, their social participation, which needs to be at a top level, was severely restricted. In addition, some significant relationships in demographic variables imply that some people are more susceptible in society. This finding is of paramount importance in adopting strategies to deal with crises.

Considering the importance of patient safety, it is necessary to monitor the current state of surgeries in terms of patient safety-related issues based on the safe surgery checklist. This monitoring helps estimate the distance from the standard level. The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance level with the principles of safe surgery, as outlined in the WHO checklist, in the operating rooms of Ahvaz teaching hospitals.

Methods & Materials :

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 118 nurses anesthetists and surgical technologists of teaching hospitals at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences who were included in the study via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using "demographic information" and "Surgical Safety Checklist" of the WHO in 2009. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA, in SPSS-22.

The mean score of compliance with safe principles by circulars, scrubs and anesthesia experts was 10.65±3.36, 9.31±1.70, and 14.45±3.03, respectively. No significant difference was found in terms of gender, work experience, and type of employment. A significant difference was observed in terms of age in scrub nurses upon entering the operating room (P<0.0001) and in terms of marital status in anesthesia nurses when the patient left the operating room (P=0.04). In terms of the type of hospital, there was a significant difference between the performance scores of scrub nurses at patient entry (p=0.005), anesthesia at patient entry (p=0.03), and the total performance score of anesthesia nurses (p=0.04).

Checklist of principles of safe surgery is vital to maintain a patient's health. Most of its items are being implemented, but several items are ignored, which requires the review and implementation of corrective plans to increase adherence to these principles by personnel.

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems related to mobile phone usage and provide corrective solutions for dental students of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz.

The current study was conducted based on an analytical cross-sectional design. In order to collect relevant data, such as the presence of pain in the upper limbs, back, and neck, questionnaires and instrumental methods were used. Students were examined in two groups: the first group included 150 dental students up to the 4th semester, and the second group encompassed 150 dental students from the 5th semester onwards (3rd, 8th, 5th, and 6th year). Data collection instruments were demographic characteristic form, nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q), neck disability index (NDI), and Cornell hand discomfort questionnaire (CHDQ).

According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of nomophobia among dental students of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz was at an average level. The mean  NDI score was 16.20, and the mean pain score among the students was 72. 1. Moreover, 46.5% of students had pain in the hand area, and the highest amount of pain was reported in the F area. The mean score of Cornell's musculoskeletal disorders was reported as 2.72.

Examining the relationship between the pain area and the year of entry to the university demonstrated a significant relationship between the year of entry to the university and the pain area. In this regard, the incoming students 2021-22 had the greatest amount of pain. According to the results of the corrective intervention on skeletal disorders in the wrist and neck region, the mean scores of the variables increased significantly after the intervention and corrective measures.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread and important health and social problems in industrialised society, reducing productivity, increasing treatment costs and affecting the quality of life of workers. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of workload, fatigue, sleep quality and physical condition on musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the steel industry.

The present study is a descriptive and analytical study conducted on a population of 540 workers working in the steel industry in the city of Dezful. Based on simple random sampling, 400 people were selected as samples. The instruments used in this study are the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ), the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory(SOFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQI) and the NASA-TLX workload index. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used. Descriptive statistical indices were used to analyze the data, and the relationships between observed and hidden variables were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) The data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 and in SPSS software version 25.

According to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, back pain ranked first with a mean and standard deviation of 52.39±25.44 and knee pain ranked second with a mean and standard deviation of 46.46±26.45, indicating that the prevalence of these disorders is high among steel industry workers. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between workload, fatigue, sleep quality and body condition and musculoskeletal disorders (p<0.05). The RMSEA index of less than 0.1 shows that the model proposed in this study fits well and demonstrates the role of workload variables, fatigue, sleep quality and body position in the direct and indirect causation of musculoskeletal disorders.

The results of this study show that improving workplace ergonomics, reducing workload and fatigue, and improving sleep quality can reduce the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

Cargo workers at Ahvaz Airport in Ahvaz, Iran are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate their carrying out tasks and postures.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the census method was used to select 21 cargo workers in Ahvaz Airport. Task analysis was carried out by Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC). Moreover, the Manual Handling Assessment Charts were used to evaluate the manual load. The tools employed in this study included observation, photography, and a Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMQD) questionnaire. Statistical calculations were performed in SPSS (version 16) and Spearman's correlation coefficient for the variables.

Each of the cargo workers of Ahvaz airport moves an average of 400 bags per shift. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and the variables of age, height, and Body Mass Index with values of 0.002, 0.005, and 0.003, respectively. The QEC method was used to observe the worst postures with a numerical score between 50 and 70, which were related to the standing posture at the flat roller and the sitting posture in the aircraft cargo. The examination of the CMQD questionnaire revealed that 61.6%, 65%, and 62% of diseases were related to shoulder, arm, and back, respectively.

After job analysis by the HTA method and evaluation of the results through the QEC method, it was determined that loading and arranging luggage in the cart and cargo were the most risky tasks. Both the MAC and QEC methods also indicated the necessity of an immediate change in the process of moving luggage.

Ambulatury training comprises an important part of the clinical training of students; in so doing, this study endeavored to investigate the status of education in the internal and pediatric clinics of the teaching hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University from the perspective of interns.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the educational environment of internal and pediatric clinics on 302 medical students who were selected by simple random sampling method. The instrument was ACLEEM psychometric questionnaire in 8 domains. The areas were "ability of clinical professors, activity in the clinical arena and patient care, allocation of time for non-clinical activities, infrastructure, clinical skills, assessment and feedback, information, communication and technology and clinical supervision. Descriptive statistics, distribution and percentage, and independent t-tests and ANOVA were used for data analysis.

The highest average score of interns was related to the field of "clinical skills" with 69.25% and the lowest average score was related to the field of "measurement and feedback" with 37.55%. The total score of the areas was reported as 88.48±25.57 in the pediatric department and 88.47±30.67 in the internal department. Besides, there was no significant difference in the average score of all areas between the internal and pediatric departments (P value= 0.9), but overall score of all areas were significantly different between females and males (P value= 0.001).

The results indicated that the educational environment of clinics is a semi-optimal condition from the interns' point of view which indicates insufficient satisfaction with this environment.To improve clinical education, it seems necessary to plan carefully and use other available clinical capacities should be given serious attention.

We introduce a trilayer permanent magnetic lattice for ultracold atoms which is created by two 2D arrays of square magnetic slabs plus a bias magnetic field. Three separate 2D arrays of magnetic microtraps located above the top layer of magnetic slabs, below the bottom layer and between them are produced. We provide analytical expressions for determining the location of non-zero magnetic field minima, as well as other physical quantities such as the absolute value of the magnetic field (B), curvatures, and trap frequencies at each minimum. The analytical expressions for B are in good agreement with the numerical results. Therefore, all the analytical expressions extracted from them are reliable. Some of the relevant physical quantities can be controlled using the bias magnetic field. Also, the trap frequencies between the magnetic layers in a trilayer lattice are higher compared to those in a bilayer lattice created by a single layer of magnets. Therefore, atom loss decreases and a better confinement is provided for them.

Due to the dangerous course of the disease, patients with covid-19 face problems in self-care behavior and quality of life, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of self-care training on the perception of the disease and controlling the complications of the disease in patients with covid-19.

In this semi-experimental study, 54 patients with COVID-19 referred to Razi Ahvaz Hospital were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and then they were divided into two intervention and control groups as randomized replacement blocks. The intervention group received the self-care training program during four sessions of 30 minutes (daily) individually. The control group received routine care. Self-care behavior in two groups was compared before and after the intervention. The data collection tool included a demographic profile questionnaire and a short disease perception questionnaire. Data analysis was done using statistical tests in spss23 software.

The difference in the overall rank of disease perception in the intervention and control groups was 30.33 and 24.67, respectively, which was not statistically significant (p=0.185).

Educational intervention effectively improves self-care behaviors and understanding of the disease of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is suggested that nurses should check the patient's engagement and beliefs about the disease to carry out nursing interventions and modify his beliefs based on the patient's needs.

 Since the beginning of mobile phone addiction, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and stress have been mentioned as complications of Internet addiction in various studies; however, the relationship between these variables has not been well investigated.

 This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and mobile phone addiction, emphasizing the mediating role of anxiety, stress, and depression.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, 412 students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, were included using an available sampling method in 2019. Data collection tools were the demographic questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software (version 22) and Amos software (version 16). A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

 Alexithymia was a predictive factor for mobile phone addiction. Additionally, it had a direct and significant effect on depression (β = 0.540, P < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.500, P < 0.001), and stress (β = 0.53, P < 0.001). Depression (β = 0.452, P < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.408, P < 0.001), and stress (β = 0.460, P < 0.001) had a positive and significant effect on cell phone addiction.

 In this study, alexithymia was a predictive factor for mobile phone addiction. Moreover, the variables of depression, anxiety, and stress play the role of a relative mediating variable between alexithymia and mobile addiction.

The burden of tobacco smoking is known worldwide. In a high percentage of preventable cancers, respiratory diseases are attributed to smoking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship and the effect of different variables on smoking prevention behaviors among students in southwest Iran in 2022 by the regression analysis.

The current study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in two phases. In the first phase of the study, demographic and contextual information questionnaires, a questionnaire based on the health belief model, and a questionnaire related to smoking prevention behaviors were used to collect data. To this end, 120 students from different undergraduate programs at Payame Noor University in Ahvaz were randomly selected. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 16 via central indicators, dispersion, and multiple linear regression tests.

The results showed that the perceived barriers dimension (beta = 0.168, P value = 0.038) and action guide (beta = 0.235, P value < 0.001) have a significant effect on prevention behaviors. According to the reported coefficients, a one-unit increase in perceived barriers and action guidelines, 0.168 and 0.235 units, respectively, increased the number of prevention behaviors.

It is possible to exert a positive effect on the prevention of smoking among students by properly educating students’ parents. Paying attention to these recommendations can increase the probability of students’ understanding of the prevention of smoking.

The quality of drinking water includes the microbial, chemical and physical parameters of water, and non-standard values of these parameters cause water pollution. Water improvement has a direct relationship with the reduction of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to Investigating and determining the critical points Ahvaz drinking water.

This descriptive sectional study was done during 2019 to 2022 (3 years). Tests and monthly reports are based on the methods listed in the method standard were collected directly from distribution network drinking water in Ahvaz drinking water. Statistical analysis, including the one-sample t-test was used to compare the average with the standard level. The significance level was 0.05 used by SPSS version 22 software in all analyses.

result of this study, out of 172 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to broken water pipes, 62 cases are in the west region and 110 cases are in the east region. Based on result, out of 22 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to the lack of sewage overflow in 1 case in the western region and 21 cases in the eastern region. In total, there is a significant difference in the occurrence of crisis causes in the water network between the east and west regions of Ahvaz, and the east region (86.4% of crisis cases) has a higher percentage of crisis causes than the west region of Ahvaz (13.6%). from crisis cases) is included.

In general, the best way to guarantee the quality of drinking water, reduce incidents and record critical cases in the drinking water distribution network is to implement a comprehensive management system with the cooperation of all relevant organizations. The new approach of the World Health Organization (WHO) to achieve this goal is to implement the water safety program.

Internet addiction is recognized as a global public health issue, with high prevalence among medical students. The identification of risk factors related to Internet addiction is crucial for reducing its prevalence and severity.

This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and related factors to Internet addiction, emphasizing the role of feeling loneliness and interpersonal problems.

A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2022, involving 414 students from the Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Young’s Internet addiction questionnaire, along with the assessments of interpersonal problems and loneliness, was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (including correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression) were applied using SPSS software (version 22), with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

All students had internet addiction; nevertheless, the majority (82.4%) of them were in the range of mild addiction, and none of them had severe Internet addiction. The average score of Internet addiction was 51.59 (4.77), which shows moderate Internet addiction among students. Internet addiction had a positive and significant relationship with students’ lodging (dormitory), feelings of loneliness, and interpersonal problems; however, there was no correlation with age, gender, marital status, major, and academic year.

The prevalence of Internet addiction was significantly higher in the present study than in previous studies, serving as a critical warning for health practitioners and planners. Notably, the highest level of addiction observed was at a mild level, necessitating early intervention to prevent further escalation. Considering the correlation between Internet addiction and students’ lodging (dormitory), feelings of loneliness, and interpersonal problems, it is imperative to explore alternative activities within dormitories and provide regular psychological counseling for the early detection of these issues.

 Various psychological, social, and biological factors affect the lifestyles of middle-aged women, and unhealthy lifestyles are primary concerns, according to the World Health Organization. Mindfulness counseling has emerged as a widely used approach to modifying and improving lifestyles.

 This study assessed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based counseling on the health-promoting lifestyle in Iranian middle-aged women.

 An experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group involving 48 middle-aged women who were referred to Comprehensive Health Services Center No. 1 in Lordegan, Iran. The study was initiated in October 2020 and finished in February 2021. The first step was to recruit women through convenience sampling and then randomly assign them to the intervention (n = 24) and control (n = 24) groups. The intervention group received mindfulness counseling from a trained midwife once a week for 8 weeks. Walker's health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP II) was completed at the beginning of the study and 4 weeks after the intervention. Independent and paired t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis in SPSS v. 24. Statistical significance was attributed to a P-value of less than 0.05.

 Before any intervention, no notable difference was detected in the average health promotion lifestyle in the intervention (113.04 ± 24.05) and control (109.41 ± 15.68) groups (P = 0.539) and the dimensions of both groups (P > 0.05). However, the intervention group showed a significantly higher mean (151.66 ± 14.01) for the health-promoting lifestyle than the control group (107.75 ± 12.27) following the counseling sessions (P < 0.001).

 Enhancing the health-promoting lifestyle and, subsequently, the quality of life of middle-aged women can be achieved through mindfulness counseling. Therefore, the administration of group counseling incorporating mindfulness techniques is recommended for this population.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the mediational role of emotion dysregulation in the association between reflective functioning and social trust.

This study was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population included university students across 20 provinces of Iran. Our sample was composed of 441 university students (291 female, 150 male), who were recruited through convenience sampling. All participants completed a battery of self-report measures, including the Social Trust Questionnaire (Saffarinia & Sharif, 1392), Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2016), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Short Form (Kaufman et al., 2016). Descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS v26, and mediation testing was carried out using PROCESS macro v4.1.

Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between all variables (p<.001). The total effect of reflective functioning on social trust was significant, as well as the direct effect of reflective functioning on emotion dysregulation, and the direct effect of emotion dysregulation on social trust (p<.001). When emotion dysregulation was entered as a mediator, the direct effect of reflective functioning on social trust did not remain significant (p>.01), while the indirect effect mediated by emotion dysregulation was significant (CI: -.061 to -.192).

Our findings support the role of self-focused reflective functioning in the development of social mistrust. Unawareness of the mental states of oneself leads to intrapersonal and interpersonal dysregulation of emotions. In turn, belief in the untrustworthiness of others may stem from the projection of internal feelings or emotion dysregulation.

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between childhood trauma and attachment security in adulthood.
The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study involved all individuals aged 18-60 years who had experienced childhood trauma, and the sample included 290 people who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The data collection period was from July to September 2020 and was conducted online. The participants answered the Questionnaire of Experiences in Close Relationships, Child Abuse, and Mentalization (reflective functioning) online. In addition, the statistical method of Structural Equation Modeling was used.
Findings indicated that the subscales of physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect (childhood trauma) had a significant negative relationship with the subscale of certainty in mentalization and a significant positive relationship with the subscale of uncertainty in mentalization. Physical, sexual, emotional, and negligence subscales indicated a significant positive relationship with attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance subscales. The mentalization certainty subscale had a significant negative relationship with the attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety subscales while the mentalization uncertainty subscale had a significant positive relationship with the attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety subscales.
The mediating role of mentalization between childhood trauma and attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance were confirmed. In general, the results of this study supported the mediating role of mentalization in relation with childhood trauma and attachment security and indicated that a part of the dispersion related to attachment security in adulthood can be explained through childhood trauma mediated by mentalization. These findings can be used for designing preventive and therapeutic interventions for trauma and attachment problems by improving mentalization (reflective functioning).

The global spread of the new coronavirus has increased the necessity of innovations to increase the quality of health care. This study was intended to examine the impact of tele‑medicine on health anxiety and pregnancy‑related anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID‑19 epidemic in Iran.

This quasi‑experimental study was performed between March and May 2020. Sampling was done using multi‑stage random sampling method. A total of 104 pregnant women were in two groups (intervention: n = 52, control: n = 52). Data were collected using a demographic and obstetric information questionnaire, the Health Anxiety Questionnaire, and Van den Bergh’s Pregnancy‑Related Anxiety Questionnaire. The intervention group received counseling services for 2 months by researchers through telephone conversations, text messages, and applications such as WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram. In addition to routine pregnancy care, they could contact the researchers by phone and receive the necessary advice in case of any questions, ambiguities, or problems. The control group included pregnant women who received only routine pregnancy care.

After the intervention, health anxiety scores of pregnant women in the control group were significantly higher than those of the experimental group (t98 = 13.54, p < 0.001). Also, the mean (SD) scores of pregnancy‑related anxiety in the control group were significantly higher compared with the intervention group (t98 = 3.80, p < 0.001).

Using tele‑medicine, especially during the COVID‑19 pandemic can reduce unnecessary referrals of pregnant women to medical centers and their risk of developing the disease, on the one hand, and by reducing women’s anxiety, however, it can improve psychological consequences.

No evidence exists for the lowest effective dose of magnesium on menstrual pain.

To determine and compare the effects of two different doses of magnesium on pain intensity and menstrual blood loss in students with primary dysmenorrhea.

Sixty dysmenorrhea patients were randomly assigned to one of two therapeutic groups and one placebo group (receiving one tablet a day of 300 or 150 mg magnesium sulphate or placebo from the 15th cycle day until no pain existed on the following cycle). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Hjgham collected data for two cycles before and two cycles after the intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA tests. 

No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of baseline characteristics. Both intervention groups outperformed the placebo group in terms of pain intensity (adjusted differences of -2.9, 95% confidence intervals of -3.3 to -2.4 and -1.9, -2.4 to -1.5, respectively) and menstrual bleeding (-20.0, -26.0 to -14.0, and -13.0, -19.0 to -7.0, respectively), as well as the secondary outcome, i.e. rest duration and ibuprofen consumption. In terms of pain alleviation and menstrual bleeding, participants in the 300 mg magnesium group outperformed those in the 150 mg magnesium group. No significant difference was observed between intervention groups regarding secondary outcomes.

Both magnesium levels are useful in alleviating pain and reducing menstrual bleeding, although 300 mg of magnesium was more effective.

Fetal occiput posterior (OP) position during labor may be associated with negative maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is therefore necessary for the mothers to have active participation in changing their position during the labor in order to facilitate OP rotation. The present study aimed to investigate whether maternal lateral decubitus position during labor can correct fetal OP position and childbirth outcomes.

In this systematic review, searches were made in the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Register as well as Persian databases including SID, Magiran and IranMedex from inception to September 2021. Eligible randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of maternal position on fetal OP position during labor were selected. Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the quality of included articles.

Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria. They included 871 participants, who were divided into two groups. overall, no difference was reported between the intervention and control groups in terms of the rate of occiput anterior position at birth. The mother's position in the same or opposite direction of the fetal occiput had no role in the spontaneous vaginal delivery rate and other outcomes and neonatal Apgar score.                           

The lateral decubitus position of mother during labor played no role in fetal head rotation toward the OP position or delivery outcomes.

Psoriasis, an immune-mediated disorder, is a multifactorial disease of unidentified cause. This study aims to discover the possible biomarkers of this papulosquamous skin disease. The gene chip GSE55201, resulted from an experimental study, including 44 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy controls was downloaded from GEO and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was utilized to identify the hub genes. The key modules were determined using the module eigenvalues. We used biological functions, cellular components, and molecular functions in the Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis in the gene metabolic pathway were used for enrichment analysis. Adjacency matrix was built by using power adjacency function and the power to turn the correlation to adjacency matrix was 4 with a topology fit index of 0.92. Using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, 11 modules were identified. The green-yellow module eigenvalues were significantly associated with psoriasis (Pearson correlation=0.53, p<0.001). Candidate hub genes were determined by their higher connectivity and relationship with module eigenvalue. The genes including SIGLEC8, IL5RA, CCR3, RNASE2, CPA3, GATA2, c-KIT, and PRSS33 were recorded as the hub genes. In summary we can conclude that SIGLEC8, IL5RA, CCR3, RNASE2, CPA3, GATA2, c-KIT, and PRSS33 have an important role in the immune response regulation and could be considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for Psoriasis.

Despite the fact that knowledge enhancement workshops are held in medical sciences universities of the country, studies have shown that the status of programs and activities related to these workshops have not been evaluated. In this regard, the present study aimed to describe the experiences of faculty members from knowledge enhancement workshops held at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

This inductive qualitative study was performed based on conventional content analysis from October 2021 to May 2022. The required data were collected through 18 in-depth semi-structured and in-person interviews with 16 faculty members of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected by purposive sampling method and the sampling continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed in MAXQDA software (version 10) using the Braun and Clarke method.

The interviews were divided into more than 401 open codes, 31 subcategories, 14 categories, and 2 main categories (themes). The themes that emerged included "challenges and weaknesses" and "solutions to improve the workshops". The theme of challenges and weaknesses was divided into eight categories, including the topic needs assessment, appropriateness of the content, methods of holding and teaching, registration in workshops, the time of workshops, the place of workshops, evaluation methods, and instructors of workshops. Moreover, the theme of solutions was divided into six categories, namely improvement of the selection process of instructors, usage of the capable and expert selection process of instructors, improvement of the topic needs assessment methods, modification of content matters, facilitation of information channels, and improvement of the categorization evaluation system.

The main goal of knowledge enhancement workshops is to improve the abilities of professors. Therefore, paying attention to the challenges, weaknesses and providing solutions can improve the quality of these workshops and also encourage the faculty members to participate in them.