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‎Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity‎, ‎$M$ a multiplication $R$-module‎, ‎and $T(M)^\star$ the set of non-zero torsion elements of $M$‎. ‎We consider two graphs‎, ‎the torsion graph and the annihilator graph of $M$ that have $T(M)^\star$ as their set of vertices‎, ‎and investigate the cases when these graphs are stars‎. ‎The graph theoretic properties are reflected in the ring theoretic properties and vice versa‎. ‎If a ring is considered as a module on itself‎, ‎then the module is a multiplication module‎. ‎Hence‎, ‎our results directly generalize results about rings‎.

 Phosphorus (P) is one of the most necessary plant nutrients and the second key plant nutrient after nitrogen, which deeply affects the overall growth of plants. Most of the present P in calcareous soils is biologically unavailable, therefore mobile P is rare despite the abundance of both organic and inorganic forms of P in soils. It has been well-known that P use efficiency of triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer in alkaline soils is low. Due to the increase in the price of phosphate fertilizers and their low plant absorption (10–30%), the use of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to increase P-fertilizer-use efficiency and reduce its application amount can be a perfect way. The combined use of bio-fertilizers and superphosphate is an important component of integrated nutrient management, which leads to sustainable agriculture. This research was carried out to investigate the contribution of native phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. along with superphosphate application to increase soil P solubility, yield and nutrient concentration of maize and improve some soil properties in a calcareous soil with low organic matter and phosphorus.

Eleven strains of Pseudomonas sp (Pseudomonas sp. Pseudomonas koreensis) bacteria were obtained from the Gene Bank of Iran Soil and Water Research Institute. The phosphate solubilizing activity of each bacterium was evaluated in Sperber medium quantitatively (liquid) and qualitatively (plates). Each bacterium was cultured in two plates with three replications and incubated at 28 °C. Then the colony and halo diameter were measured on the third, fifth, seventh, tenth, and fourteenth days after incubation. To evaluate phosphate solubility by bacteria in a liquid medium, 50 ml of Sperber medium was prepared and sterilized with three replications. Then 1 ml of fresh culture suspension of each bacterium with a population of 107 cells/ml was inoculated into each Erlenmeyer flask (treatments and controls) and incubated at 150 rpm and 150 ° C for 14 days. Soluble phosphorus (Vanadate-molybdate method) and pH on the first, third, tenth and fourteenth days of incubation were measured. To assay the interaction effects of bacteria and triple superphosphate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of maize plant and characteristics of soil cultivated in a soil with low level of organic matter and phosphorous, a factorial based on randomized completely design including 8 bacteria (B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7) and 4 triple superphosphate fertilizer levels (0, 40, 70 and 100% of the critical limit of soil phosphorus) with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sterilized pots containing 7 kg of washed sands and soil (in a ratio of one to three) were prepared. A certain amount of triple superphosphate fertilizer was added to each pot based on the treatments. The K as potassium sulfate and N as urea were used based on soil test and fertilizer recommendations for maize. Five germinated seeds (704 single cross cultivar) were planted in each pot. Seeds sown were inoculated with 1 ml of the fresh bacterial suspension inoculum (1×108 CFU ml-1). Then after two weeks, three plants per pot were preserved and the rest were removed. Pots including different treatments were irrigated, up to 80% moisture content of field capacity (FC), by distilled water using a weight method. After 90 days, the dry weight of the plant was calculated (oven at 70 ° C for 48 hours). To analyze the nutrients in the plant, roots and shoots were powdered separately by mill and digested through dry burning method. The amount of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, iron, zinc, copper and manganese were measured in shoot and root of the plants. Besides, the soil of each pot was sampled and after air drying and passing through a 2 mm sieve, some characteristics of the cultivated soil such as pH, EC, P (ava), TNV, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn were measured and compared with the initial soil properties (before planting). Data statistical analysis was performed using SAS software and the mean comparison of treatment was carried out using Duncan's method.

The results of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria effect on the dissolution of insoluble mineral phosphates in solid and liquid media showed the largest halo diameter (19.11 mm) and the highest dissolution of P (156.25% compared to the control) after the fourteenth day incubation was belong to strain P21-1 and strain P55-1, respectively and a decrease in pH (45.5- 47.3 %). The results of the mean comparison showed that P0B3 treatment could increase the shoot dry weight by 47.45 %. P40B1 treatment was able to increase 61.62% of root dry weight. P70B6 and B70B2 treatments were also able to increase P in shoots by 17.64%, P100B4 treatment could increase root phosphorus by 160%. Besides, the combined use of bio-fertilizer and superphosphate increased the elements of iron, zinc, manganese, P, and reduced the electrical conductivity of the soil.

 All strains used in this study were able to dissolve phosphorus in both liquid and solid media. The results showed that the co-application of biofertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increased the growth of maize plant (shoot and root dry weight) and shoot and root phosphorus concentration compared to the control. In addition, the use of these treatments increased the available phosphorus, iron and zinc in soil and decreased the electrical conductivity of the soil. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the use of inoculants containing Pseudomonas sp. and Pseudomonas koreensis can be considered as a suitable supplement to triple superphosphate fertilizer in crop cultivation strategies.

Decreased beta-cell mass has a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes and in rodent diabetes models. The study of plant extracts is important as they possibly inhibit the reduction of beta cell mass and the islets of Langerhans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leaf extract of P. harmala on streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in rat pancreatic tissue.

In this experimental study that was conducted in 2016, a number of 32 male rats (250±10g) were acquired from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and randomly divided into four groups (n= 8), including control, diabetic, diabetic and experimental treated with P. harmala leaf extract. Diabetic groups were given 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. After confirming the induction of diabetes on the tenth day, methanolic leaf extract (150 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 28 days for the groups treated with the extract. The extracted content of the P. harmala leaf was then analyzed by HPLC. Subsequently, rats’ serum glucose level was assessed, and the pancreatic tissue was removed. Following H&E and AgNOR staining, the number of beta cells and the diameter of the islets were measured. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software.

the results showed that the P. harmala leaf extract is rich in flavonoid compounds. A significant difference was observed in the serum glucose concentrations on days 10, 14, and 28 between the diabetic and control groups (p≤0.001), but there was no meaningful difference between the diabetic group treated with the leaf extract and the diabetic group. The mean islet diameter reduced significantly in the diabetic group relative to the control group (p≤ 0.01), while the difference was insignificant between the diabetic group treated with the leaf extract and the diabetic group. Besides, the experimental groups under treatment did not show any meaningful difference with the control group.

In spite of the fact that the P. harmala leaf extract contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds, unlike previous studies, it could not improve the side effects of streptozotocin in the diabetic group.

 Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are worldwide distributed pathogens that cause a variety of illnesses, including gastrointestinal infections. These viruses are considered as important pathogens in wastewater, reclamation, and reused water. We aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence and characterization of HAdV in wastewater samples as well as air samples of aeration tanks of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Tehran, Iran.

 From November 2017 to April 2018, a total of 14 wastewater and 9 air samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of HAdV by an integrated cell culture/polymerase chain reaction (ICC/PCR) technique. The samples were collected from the Ekbatan WWTP in the west of Tehran. To capture bio-aerosols, a liquid impingement biosampler was used. Typing of HAdV was performed by sequencing analysis.

 Out of nine untreated wastewater samples, one sample (11.1%) was positive for the presence of HAdV cytopathic effect (CPE), while two (40.4%) of five treated wastewater samples were positive for the HAdV CPE. The results of PCR assay also showed that 44.4 % (four out of 9 samples) of the untreated wastewater and 60% (three out of 5 samples) of the treated wastewater samples were positive for HAdV genome. Regarding the air samples of aeration tanks, four (44.4%) of nine samples were positive for the presence of the HAdV genome. HAdV in the wastewater samples were type B (40%), type C (40%), and type D (20%) and all four positive air samples for HAdV were type C.

 The human adenovirus detected in 50% of the wastewater and 44.44% of the air samples of the wastewater treatment plant of the Ekbatan, Tehran, Iran.

Persian historiography was of particular importance in the Indian subcontinent during the tenth and eleventh centuries thanks to the support of sultans and the migration of Iranians to India. One of the Iranian immigrants who wrote a historical work at the Qutb Shahi court was Khurshah b.Qubad al-Husseini, whose work is known as Tarikh-e Ilchi Nizam Shah or as Tarikh-e Qutb Shahi. This book is the first work written in the Qutb Shahi court. The author provides valuable information on Iranian history due to his presence in Safavid ruler, Shah Tahmasb's camp as the ambassador of Nizam Shahi Dynasty. This study attempts to investigate Khurshah's methods, insights and attitudes in historiography using a descriptive-analytical method. Documentation, a simple writing style free from figures of speech, the use of religious insights in explaining historical events, the use of fatalism, hermeneutics and Qur’anic verses and hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) to justify rulers' actions, paying attention to economic and social history, and the use of the terms and concepts showing Iranian identity are considered to be among the prominent features of Khurshah's historiography.

Adopting the Systemic-Functional Theory (Halliday, 1985) as its theoretical framework, the present corpus-based study explored the application of different types of ideational grammatical metaphors in Persian academic articles. For this purpose, 105 Persian research articles written over the three decades of 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s in the fields of physics, chemistry, linguistics, political science, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and medicine were selected as examples of scientific discourse and the grammatical metaphors with the highest and lowest frequencies were determined. The disciplines exhibiting the highest frequencies of grammatical metaphors were identified as in the following descending order: civil engineering > medicine > physics > political science > mechanical engineering > linguistics. Based on the results obtained, deverbal nominalization recorded the highest frequency across the disciplines reviewed. In addition, no significant increase was observed in the use of grammatical metaphors among the research articles written, by Iranian writers over the past three decades. The findings also indicated that writing academic articles, in Persian, by Iranian researchers follows a too slow trend so that special plans and measures need to be adopted for its enhancement. Another aspect of the study involved the level of discourse complexity. For this purpose, the present author introduced the three indices of ‘the level of grammatical metaphor application in a specific discourse’, ‘awareness of the metaphorical processes in language’, and ‘their usage in scientific discourse’. Analysis of the corpus based on these indices rejected Holtz’s (2009) hypothesis stating that empirical sciences, compared to humanities, are expressed in a more complex language. Rather, discourse complexity estimates must be based on all the three indices introduced.

Write Error (WER) is one of the most drawbacks of STT-MRAM based memories. This problem usually occurred because of thermal instability and process variation. Although some methods have been proposed for WER reduction, they often did not consider the thermal effect of MTJ and had significant overhead. Therefore, proposing a new method in a lower layer of abstraction with the minimum penalty is essential. In this regard, a write driver core has been proposed, which uses two distinct ways according to the state of writing data based on the thermal feature of MTJ cell and by Dual-Vdd method. Simulation results show 11.38% write latency reduction without area and power penalty.

Rock burst is the most attractive and hot research area in geomechanics, mining, and civil engineering due to the increasing depth of mines and construction of deep underground structures. It has also been a severe problem in ground control measures in the last few decades. Many studies have been done by different researchers in order to minimize the hazards of rock burst and to provide a safe mining/working environment. It is important to review the current advancement of rock burst prediction and its preventive measures. This paper reviews the experimental progress of rock burst warning, prediction, control measures, and potential damage measures. Different effective methods of rock burst prediction and control are also described.

One of the main issues involved during tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines is the tail gap grouting. This gap is between the external diameter of tunnel lining and the excavation boundary that is filled with high-pressure grouting materials. In this work, three different approaches of gap grouting modeling in the FLAC3D software are investigated with a special attention to the influence of the grout material hardening process. In the first approach, the grout is modeled as a liquid during injection, and considering the TBM advancement and its hardening time, the grout characteristics are changed to the properties of the solid grouting. In the second approach, the grouting material from the beginning of injection is considered with the properties of solid grouting in the model, and the liquid phase is ignored. In the third approach, without considering the back-filled grouting area in the model geometry, only the injection pressure is applied to the end of the shield and behind the installed segments. The validity of the approaches is evaluated with respect to the maximum ground surface settlement. All the three approaches estimate different surface settlement but the result of the first approach is closer to the monitoring data. Also as a sensitivity analysis, in this work, we investigate the effect of the elastic modulus of liquid and solid grouting materials on the amount of surface settlement that can help to gain a more accurate insight into the effect of grout mixture.

The aim of the present study was to determine the most important environmental factors affecting aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of plants along the altitude gradient in QezelOzan-Kosar rangelands, Iran.

Eight sites along the altitude gradient were selected, in each of which three transects parallel and perpendicular to the slope were established. Along each transect (totally 240 plots), ANPP and soil samples were measured. Using digital elevation model (DEM) map, the maps of slope, aspect, elevation, topographic index (CTI), stream power index (SPI), plan curvature (PC), precipitation and temperature were extracted. The soil parameters measured in soil laboratory. To determine the important effective factors, principal component analysis (PCA) was used. Moreover, the ANPP prediction equation was simulated using the parameter which had the greatest impact and correlation with ANPP (precipitation), using 2nd-order polynomial model and mapped further.

The results of PCA revealed that six components had the highest effect on the ANPP variations (76.35% of ANPP variations). The result of simulated equation and map indicated acceptable accuracy (R2= 0.95, RMSE= 0.73).

The results of the present study highlight the importance of topographic, climatic, and soil factors in ANPP variations, and can be used to manage QezelOzan-Kosar rangelands for establishing balance between biomass and carbon of the ecosystem and ecosystem supply and demand.

Olive soft scales Euphyllura straminea Loginova and olive psyllid Euphyllura straminea Loginova are important pests of olive trees in Tarom region of Zanjan province. The use of dormant oil in winter to control of these pests is recommended based on research done in the past years. Due to reports of inefficiency of dormant oil for the control of olive soft scales and olive psyllid, this project was conducted to evaluate the results of previous findings as well as to evaluate the possibility of simultaneous control olive soft scales and olive psyllid. Experiment was carried out based on RCBD with split plot arrangement in four replications. Main factor was time of application in three levels:  1- winter 2- winter + spring and 3- spring and sub-factor was type of spraying solution in four levels:  1- dormant oil, 2- mixture of oil (1.5%) + chlorpyrifos (0.2%), 3- chlorpyrifos (0.2%), and 4- control treatment. Sampling was performed once before and 3 times including 2, 3 and 4 weeks after treatments and subsequently number of alive and dead specimens were counted. Based on results, the mixture of oil + chlorpyrifos caused 94.25 and 100% mortality and chlorpyrifos caused 85.75 and 100% mortality on olive soft scales and olive psyllid respectively in winter (preferably the second half of March in Tarom climatic conditions).

Synthesis of TiO2- based composite by using carbonous materials can solve some restrictions related to the application of titanium dioxide in industrial scale. In this study carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are used to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation and the effect of simultaneous usage of graphene sheets and CNTs are evaluated through the enhancement of TiO2 degradation activity. The photocatalytic activity and characterization of as-prepared samples were evaluated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Results indicate the successful preparationof TiO2-CNT-GO nanocomposite by sol-gel method. Moreover the simultaneous using of graphene sheets and CNT can prove the composite decoloration activity. The maximum photocatalytic degradation of MB (94%) is achieved within 90 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2-CNT-GO nanocomposite can be ascribed to the high surface area, severe electron transmission and monotone distribution of carbon based nanoparticles.

During this research, the formulation of manganese phosphate bath was designed to create layers on the surface of low carbon steel alloys (St 37) to enhance corrosion, abrasion and friction resistance. At the first, a basic solution of the manganese phosphate bath was prepared by optimizing the concentration of each components of the bath. Then, the effects of potassium oxalate and nickel oxide additives on coating properties such as thickness, unit weight of surface (With optimal value of 1± 0.1 gr/l nickel oxide, the weight of the coating 39.8 ± 0.2 gr/m was obtained and optimal value of 0.5±0.1 gr/l potassium oxalate, the weight of the coating 48.99±0.3 gr/m2 was obtained), morphology, corrosion and abrasion resistance were investigated and finally, the best coating determined.The results of various experiments showed that the major phase of manganese phosphate coating is Hureaulite, which is in the form of cubic crystals in the basic solution that does not contain any additives, of course, with the addition of additives, the shape of the crystals is changed and the particle size becomes smaller and denser. The highest corrosion resistance obtained during the salt spray test (98 hours) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (with Polarization 77983±253) is related to phosphate coating containing nickel oxide. According to the results of the Pin on disk test the specimens which were phosphated and soaped reduced the coefficient of surface friction from about 0.6 (for uncoated steel) to about 0.15, and this indicated the anti-abrasion and friction properties of these coatings.

Ghee, a nutritional dairy product in Iranian culture, can be easily produced on a small scale. This study was undertaken to analyze fatty acids and volatile compounds of collected ghee samples from different ghee production sites of Iran (Ilam, Kermanshah and Hamedan) using HeadSpace Solid Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) technique. According to the results, palmitic and oleic acids were the dominant fatty acids in all the samples investigated. Further, it might be concluded that compounds such as dodecane, acetone, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-undecanone, which are present and might have accumulated as the results of oxidative, hydrolytic, or microbial activities, contribute to the flavor of ghee. Lactones, which are produced at high temperatures, were not collected in any sample except the Hamedan sample (< 1%). Low thermal processing in the ghee production prevented the formation of off-flavor volatile compounds. The qualitative and quantitative parameters determined in this study might be useful in assessing the quality of the ghee and may help the industry to improve its commercial production.

A horizontal axis wind turbine power generation depends upon the aerodynamic performance of its blades. Flow separation is one of the phenomena that causes power loss and consequently decreasing the wind turbine output generation. Since usually the local angle of attack in the inner and middle parts of a blade is much greater than the local angle of attack in the separation onset, the blade section encounters a highly separated flow. Hence, flow control methods are applied in order to reduce or weaken the negative effects of the separation. This paper investigates the effects of the passive flow control method for a horizontal axis wind turbine using validated three-dimensional DES (detached eddy simulation) on an S809 split airfoil. The split in the airfoil thickness causes the flow from the high-pressure zone under the lower surface is injected into the separated area over the upper surface, transporting external energy to the separated zone, hence weakening the separated area. As the result show, the overall performance of this method depends on parameters such as split locations on the airfoil pressure and suction surfaces, the direction of the jet flow with respect to the freestream wind and also the thickness of the split. In this research, two different split locations and four thickness values of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 percent of chord length are simulated at a range of AOA from 0 to 25 degrees. Noticeably, the results demonstrate that for an appropriate split exit location, the thickness value of 2 and 4 percent of the chord are generated more lift force. The average increase of lift coefficient for these split airfoils at a high angle of attack (17, 20, 22 and 25) are 68.5 and 55.8 percent respectively.

In the present study, a new combined cycle (including a two-step flash evaporation, the Kalina cycle, and a proton-exchange membrane) for simultaneous power and hydrogen generation from Sabalan geothermal wells has been proposed and analyzed from the viewpoints of energy and exergy. The effects of important parameters including separators pressure of flash evaporation, the minimum temperature difference in the pinch point, Kalian higher pressure, superheated geothermal fluid, the ratio of consumed power for hydrogen production and dead state temperature on the amount of produced hydrogen, the net generating power, thermal and exergy efficiencies of the proposed combined cycle have been studied. The results show that for the investigated case in the proposed combined cycle, the amount of the produced hydrogen, net generating power and energy, and exergy efficiency were 1536kg/hr, 12.83MV, 11.39% and 43.64%, respectively. Increasing the pressure of the separators was not effective in increasing hydrogen production, while with increasing the first separator pressure, as well as, the second separator pressure to the optimum pressure, the thermal and exergy efficiency increase. With increasing the temperature of the proton membrane electrolyzer, the produced hydrogen discharge increases and while maintaining cycle net output power, thermal and exergy efficiencies increase. Also, at the optimum point for high-pressure Kalina, the maximum amount of hydrogen production is obtained. The highest amount of exergy degradation was obtained for the protonated membrane electrolyzer, evaporator and condenser 2, respectively.

In this research, the effect of strain rate on the tensile behavior of the graphene/epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. The specimens were prepared for 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% graphene oxide and were subjected to tensile tests at different strain rates. The experimental results showed that the maximum improvements in the tensile strength, the modulus, and nanocomposite were 9%, 16%, and 0.1 wt.%, respectively. Also, the results indicated that the epoxy and its nanocomposites were sensitive to the strain rate. The rate sensitivity decreased with the increase of the graphene weight percentages. Moreover, it was shown that by increasing the strain rate, the tensile strength and modulus for pure epoxy were improved by 15.8% and 16.8%, respectively. In this study, the appropriateness and applicability of the Johnson-Cook material model for describing the stress-strain relation of the nanocomposites were examined by a combined experimental-numerical-optimization technique. The numerical simulations were carried out using Abaqus commercial program and the optimizations were performed using the Surrogate modeling. The results showed that the Johnson-cook model is not accurate at very low strain rates. However, the accuracy of the model was remarkably improved by increasing the graphene weight percentage or increasing strain rate.

Rainfall erosion is the first type of water erosion on the land which is affected by various factors such as land use change and previous rainfall. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of previous rainfalls on the process of rainfall erosion in two marl soils (pasture and that changed to agriculture) under the simulated rainfall. Toward this goal, aggregate samples with the diameters of 6 to 8 mm were randomly collected from the marl areas in the west of Zanjan. Soil aggregates were packed into 48 boxes with the dimension of 30×40 cm to examine the effects of eight rainfall durations with three replications. Eight simulated rainfalls with the duration of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 min and a constant intensity of 40 mm h-1 were used in the experiment. The soils were exposed to another simulated rainfall with 40 mm h-1 in terms of intensity for 15 min to study the rainfall erosion processes. The results showed that the aggregate breakdown was significantly affected by the previous rainfalls in the pasture soil (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference among the previous rainfalls in the case of agriculture soil.  Soil compaction and particles splash were significantly affected by previous rainfalls (P<0.05). Aggregate breakdown and particles splash were 1.41 and 1.31 times bigger than their values in the pasture soil. This study, therefore, revealed that the land use change in the mal areas increases the soil vulnerability to rainfall erosion processes. The rate of rainfall erosion processes in each rainfall event depends on the amount of previous rainfall. Increasing aggregate break down and soil water content by the previous rainfall could significantly influence the splash erosion rate in a marl soil.

Nowadays, water supply for the sectors of household consumption, agriculture, green spaces and industry is currently one of the most important challenges for governments in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid climate regions such as Iran. The aim of this study was to simulate the amount of run-off from the daily precipitation for Sarpol-e Zahab city, for the purpose of estimating the required amount of water for the irrigation of the green spaces of the city. In this study. After providing information and using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map of city, all individual sub-basins of the basin were produced. All data related to creating and overlaying hydrologic, climatologic and physiographic layers were used according to the HEC-HMS hydrologic model. The run-off depth and flood volume of each sub-basin were obtained through the SCS method. Then the required amount of water for the green areas of Sarpol-e Zahab city was calculated. The efficient rainfall was estimated using four methods including SCS, 80 percentage, reliability, and USDA for each month, separately. Finally, the amount of needed water for the green area was obtained using these four mentioned methods. The results indicated that the role of curve number in the infiltration rate was more than other variants. Impermeability of urban basins and changes was created due to the growth and development of the city such as removal of vegetation, soil compaction, creation of the water collection and leading surface waters, decreasing the amount of water penetrating to soil significantly. The amount of surface water for sub-basins was estimated to be 266000 cubic meters. Besides, the results showed the amount of required water for 5 months of the year (from early May to September late) using four methods of SCS, 80percentage, reliability  and USDA was  equal to 243525, 238062, 267865 and 236458 cubic meters, respectively. The amount of the estimated runoff volume was 266,000 cubic meters. Regarding the area of green spaces in Sarpol-e Zahab city and its daily need of water, this volume of water could  supply the required amount of water to irrigate the green area of the city for five months (From May to September).

The important factor in turbine efficiency is turbine rotation. The higher the rotor time at different speeds, especially at low speeds, increases the turbine power. In this regard, first, the airfoil NACA0015 was selected and the K-ω SST turbulence method was used for numerical analysis. The validation was performed using experimental results. The wind turbine was designed and fabricated by CATIA software. The aluminum sheet used by a series alloy is used to make smooth, porous leaves from simple cards and diamond-shaped leaves, in a porous form with 0.3 mm thick. The instrument used in measurement, testing and fabrication have been calibrated to compute more precisely and to generate wind flow from the four-fan blower. The results show that the darriues vertical axis wind turbine with porous and flat blades has begun to rotation at the speed of 2.3 and 3.9 m/s. At the speed of 2.5 and 3 m/s, the rotation of wind turbine porous blade doubled and at the speed of 4 m/s, its rotation speed was 3 times higher than the speed of straight blade turbine. The rotation of wind turbine porous blade in speeds of 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 and 7 m/s were 56.25 %, 20 %, 22 %, 15 %, 7.5 %, and 12% higher than the straight blade turbine and in speed of 8-10 m/s the rotation of the straight blade turbine and porous blade turbine is almost equal.

Electrowinning is the process of copper deposing from the intracellular electrolyte solution to the cathode by creating an electric current. In the present study, the hydrodynamic simulation of the electrowinning cell of Miduk Copper Complex is studied using computational fluid dynamics. Ansys-CFX software is used for this modeling. Navier Stokes and continuity equations are considered as the two-phase fluid and gas, turbulent, incompressible and steady states and the equation for copper concentration in the electrolyte will be solved with consideration of its specific boundary condition. Turbulence will be modeled using the k-ω method. The general and local simulations have been used together due to the large variation in the properties, close to the cathode and anode, and the large volume of the cell, to create a good mesh and increase the speed and accuracy of the solution. First, in general simulation, the entire geometry of the cell is modeled by creating a suitable mesh. Then in the local simulation, only the volume between the two cathodes of the cell is considered and modeled with higher precision. Data on boundary conditions in the local simulation of interface boundary are obtained with general simulation data, which increases the accuracy of modeling. Comparison of the results of general and local simulations shows an accuracy of up to 30% in close to the electrodes. The results of this simulation are the velocity vector, the concentration of acid and copper, the turbulence intensity, pressure and the volume fraction of the oxygen phase in the whole of the electrowinning cell. Finally, the model has been validated by experiments on the real cells. The results show the high accuracy of this modeling technique with less than 2.5% deviation.

In the present research, the performance of a single-cylinder engine with a pre-chamber and natural gas fuel designed in Urmia University has been investigated and the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on engine performance has been analyzed. The results indicate that the simultaneous use of the pre-chamber and the EGR reduces significantly nitrogen oxides emission. Also, the amount of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) decreases in the low EGR, but the amount of HC increases significantly with higher EGR. EGR increases the carbon monoxide (CO) emission but does not have a significant effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Simultaneous use of EGR and pre-chamber can reduce the amount of emission while it can maintain the engine braking. The engine power and the indicated mean effective pressures (IMEP) which are the main indicators of the engine's performance, decrease by 3 to 4 percent for every 5 percent of the EGR. The results show that the EGR reduces the velocity of the jet flames out of the pre-chamber which ultimately reduces the advance of the flame front. Analysis of the results of the experimental test and the simulated model shows that an ideal range for EGR in an engine with a pre-chamber can be defined in which the emission is minimal and the engine power is maintained. In the engine used in this research, the exhaust gas reaction is in the ideal 10% range.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on psychological flexibility and cognitive emotion regulation in women with breast cancer.

Method was quasi-experimental with control group, pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up, and the statistical population was 390 women with breast cancer of Shahid Rajaie Hospital in Karaj in 2018. 30 patients who were referred to the chemotherapy department were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools were Hayes, Strosahl, Wilson, Bissett, Pistorello, et al (2004) The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), and Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Hayes, Strosahl and Wilson's Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Program (1999) was extracted from Esmat Danesh’s training course in Iran Psychology Association in 2015 which was performed once a week at 8 sessions with duration of 90 minutes for experimental group. Data were analyzed using mixed varience repeated measure.

The results showed the effectivity of therapeutic implementation on psychological flexibility (F= 6.78, P=0.016) and for all the dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation including acceptance (F= 25.09), positive refocusing (F=34.02), refocusing on planning (F=17.80), positive reappraisal (F=23.44), putting perspective (F=13.06), self-blame (F=14.09), rumination (F=15.45), catastrophizing (F=34.82) and other blame (F=16.63) at P=0.001 level and therapeutic achievements remained stable at follow-up.

Because acceptance and commitment therapy leads to psychological flexibility and commitment of the individual to perform actions that make a full, rich, and meaningful life, it can be used as an effective interventional method for enhancing psychological changes and emotion regulation in patients with breast cancer and other patients.

Among soil and agronomic factors affecting growth, nutrition and plant density have a great effect on the growth and yield of crops such as Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). In order to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on yield and yield components, oil percentage and yield of Flax, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates at the Research Farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran in 2016-2017. Experimental factors included different levels of nitrogen (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha) in main plots and four plant densities (50, 100, 150 and 200 plants/m2) in sub plots. Analysis of variance showed that nitrogen, plant density and their interaction effect was significant on all measured traits. The highest grain and oil yields were obtained in 150 kg/ha nitrogen level and the density of 200 plants/m2. The mean comparison of interaction effect showed that the highest grain yield (1348 kg/ha) and oil yield (349 kg/ha) were achieved in 150 kg/ha nitrogen level and the density of 200 plants/m2. The lowest grain yield (570 kg/ha) and oil yields (188 kg/ha) were observed in 0 kg/ha nitrogen level and the density of 150 plants/m2.

The current study investigated histological development and histochemistry of digestive accessory glands of Vimba bream Vimba vimba from hatching through 60th day after hatching (DAH). The samples were randomly taken from day 1 (hatching) until the full absorption of the yolk sac at day 7 and the day after that, then with 2, 5, and 10 days intervals until 60 DAH. The development of the digestive accessory glands was followed histologically using light microscopy after Haematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic-Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. A primordial liver was observed at 1 DAH in the ventral region of the yolk sac, pancreas at 2 DAH, gall bladder and bile duct were developed at 4-5 DAH. At the same time when larvae were growing, digestive accessory glands continued differentiation and, at 5 DAH, hepatocytes of liver with eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic granules showed regular shape around sinusoids. Coinciding with the liver development, sinusoids developed as well and hepatic cells increased in size. Also, at this stage, eosinophilic zymogen granules of exocrine portion of pancreas were observed. Secretory activity of digestive accessory glands began with the emergence of PAS positive cells followed by secretion of neutral mucopolysaccharides and glycogen compounds in liver cells of larvae at 4 DAH and pancreatic cells of larvae at 4-7 DAH. The results of this study can be effective in identifying growth limiting factors in breeding larvae, reducing casualties during exogenous feeding, and even developing a proper diet for its digestive system.