solmaz dabiri

The present study aimed to evaluate the structural model of social media addiction prediction based on personality traits and the mediating role of self-regulation among university students. The statistical population consisted of students from one of the branches of Islamic Azad University in Tehran Province. Using a multistage random cluster sampling method, 439 participants were selected. Data were collected through the Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (Khajeh Ahmadi et al., 2016), the Big Five Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989), and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Carey et al., 2004). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied for data analysis. The results demonstrated that the proposed structural model had an acceptable fit with the data. Findings indicated that personality traits were significantly associated with social media addiction both directly and indirectly via self-regulation. Specifically, self-regulation negatively mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and openness to experience with social media addiction, and positively mediated the relationship between neuroticism and social media addiction. These results underscore the importance of self-regulation training and social media usage management in reducing addiction to virtual social networks.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between invalidating environments and childhood trauma with symptoms of binge eating. A correlational research design was employed, involving a sample of 493 male and female students from the Tehran North branch of Azad University during the 2023-2024 academic year. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling method and completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the Childhood Invalidating Environment Scale (Mountford et al., 2007), and the Binge Eating Scale (Gormally et al., 1982). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. The results indicated the direct effect of childhood trauma on binge eating (t = 1.384, β = 0.115) and the direct effect of invalidating environments on binge eating (t = 1.546, β = 0.121) were not statistically significant. However, the direct effect of alexithymia on binge eating was statistically significant (t = 3.857, β = 0.203), as was the direct effect of childhood trauma on alexithymia (t = 3.306, β = 0.271). The indirect effect of childhood trauma on binge eating through alexithymia was significant (p < 0.05, β = 0.045), whereas the indirect effect of invalidating environments on binge eating through alexithymia was not significant (p > 0.05, β = 0.012). Overall, the findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences may increase the likelihood of engaging in maladaptive eating behaviors as an emotional response by facilitating difficulties in identifying and describing personal emotions.

Effective approaches to addressing mental health challenges in adolescents require a comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to their optimal development, well-being, and resilience. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between social competence and social anxiety in adolescents.
 
This correlational study included 449 adolescents (251 girls and 198 boys) aged 14 to 17 years, selected through a multistage sampling method. Participants completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (Puklek, 2004), the Social Competence Questionnaire (Zhou & Ee, 2012), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). Structural equation modeling was used to test the causal model of relative mediation.
 
The findings indicated that the proposed model demonstrated a good fit with the data. All path coefficients between the latent variables were statistically significant, explaining 50% of the variance in social anxiety through social competence and emotion regulation.
 
Overall, the results suggest that social competence, as a multidimensional construct encompassing cognitive, emotional, motivational, and behavioral aspects, serves as a protective factor against internalizing problems such as social anxiety in adolescents.

The objective of this study was to propose a predictive model for assessing the quality of life of stay-at-home mothers, taking into account their usage of social media and the mediating effect of loneliness. This research employed a descriptive-correlational approach, utilizing structural equation modeling. The study's population consisted of all housewives residing in the 6th district of Tehran. A research sample of 400 mothers was selected utilizing the available sampling procedure. The research instruments used in the study included the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, the Media Usage Questionnaire, and the Loneliness Questionnaire. The structural equation modeling method was utilized to evaluate the model. The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit with the data. Also, the results indicated that the use of social media usage, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of loneliness, significantly affected the quality of life of housewife mothers (P=0.000). Based on the research findings, it is crucial to investigate and address key factors such as social media usage and feelings of loneliness that impact the quality of life for stay-at-home mothers. By doing so, we can work towards promoting and enhancing the overall well-being of these mothers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of knowledge conceptualization training and mindfulness on students' self-efficacy.

The research method was quasi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. From the population of tenth-grade female students in public high schools in District 2 of Hamadan, 90 students were selected using single-stage cluster sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups of 30 (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups received either knowledge conceptualization training (7 sessions) or mindfulness training (8 sessions), while the control group continued with their regular classroom activities. The General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1982) was used to measure the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results indicated a significant difference in self-efficacy between the experimental groups (knowledge conceptualization and mindfulness) and the control group in the post-test stage after adjusting for pre-test scores. Moreover, knowledge conceptualization had a greater impact on students' self-efficacy compared to mindfulness training.

Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that educational-psychological interventions, including knowledge conceptualization and mindfulness, can enhance students' adaptation to academic situations and facilitate the achievement of educational goals.

The purpose of this study was to predict attitude towards cheating based on spiritual intelligence and the achievement goal orientation (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance) in students. The method of this research was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of the present study included all female students of the first secondary level in the 15th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2022-2023 who were studying in the fields of math physics, experimental sciences, and humanities. Among 3500 community members, 245 students were selected as the research sample based on the Krejcie and Morgan table and by random sampling method. Research tools included questionnaires of Elliot and McGregor's (2001) achievement goal orientation, Frasat's academic cheating (2012) and King's intellectual intelligence (2008). The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and goal orientation (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance) with the attitude towards cheating, and there was a positive and significant relationship between performance-approach and performance-avoidance with the attitude towards cheating (p0/01). Also achievement goal orientation (mastery-approach, performance-approach and performance-avoidance) and spiritual intelligence together could predict 40% of the variance of attitude towards cheating (p0/001). Based on the findings of the research, it is necessary to investigate and intervene about the basic variables such as spiritual intelligence and the goal-orientation that affect the attitude towards cheating, in order to provide a basis for promoting and improving academic performance and reducing academic cheating.

 The aim of present study was conducted with the aim of predicting social anxiety based on childhood trauma with the mediating role of alexithymia in adolescents.
The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers in Tehran in 1401. Among these adolescents who scored higher than 40 in the social anxiety questionnaire, 102 people were selected as a sample and they were asked to answer the childhood trauma questionnaire and the alexithymia scale.
 The results of the research showed that the correlation coefficient between social anxiety with childhood trauma and alexithymia is significant at the level of 0.01. Also, alexithymia had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents.
Based on this, in the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents, emotional ataxia had a mediating role. Therefore, childhood trauma can help to increase social anxiety in adolescents through increasing the level of alexithymia.

The present study aimed to predict addiction readiness in students based on self-control, emotions, and self-compassion.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students of Tehran universities who were studying in 2020-2021. Among them, 279 people were selected using convenience sampling method and responded to the addiction readiness, self-compassion, self-control, and emotions questionnaires. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that addiction readiness in students had a positive relationship with negative emotion and negative relationships with self-control, positive emotion, and self-compassion. In addition, regression analysis results showed that self-control, emotions, and self-compassion predicted 67% of the variance of addiction readiness in students.

According to the findings of this research, it seems that professionals who deal with substance-dependent individuals and are present in their treatment process, can consider factors associated with addiction such as self-control, emotions, and self-compassion, and simultaneously with addiction treatment, take steps to upgrade the levels of these variables as well.

Sense of cohesion can affect nurses' personal and professional performance and it is important to identify the factors involved in it. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance in the relationship between emotion management and sense of cohesion in nurses in Tehran.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the present study includes nurses in Tehran, from which 189 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a sense of cohesion questionnaire, an ambiguity tolerance questionnaire and an emotion regulation questionnaire.

The results showed that the correlation coefficient between emotion management and ambiguity tolerance (0.67), ambiguity tolerance and sense of cohesion (0.76) and emotion management and sense of cohesion (0.68) was significant at the level of 0.01. Also, tolerance of ambiguity in the relationship between emotion management and sense of cohesion in nurses had a mediating role (P <0.05).

Accordingly, in the relationship between emotion management and sense of cohesion in nurses, ambiguity tolerance had a mediating role. Therefore, emotion management can help strengthen their sense of cohesion by increasing the level of ambiguity tolerance in nurses.

Political education is one of the most important aspects of educating individuals in societies. Due to the influence of individuals in religious and Islamic societies on Quranic teachings, there is a need to redouble efforts to achieve the basics of political education from the perspective of the Holy Quran. Different political systems try to achieve this in different ways so that people in society, in addition to being aware of their position, play a role in the political system. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method to study the principles and foundations of political education from the perspective of the Holy Quran and seeks to answer the question of how the principles and foundations of political education are studied and explained from the perspective of the Holy Quran? The results show that the most important principles and foundations of political education from the perspective of the Holy Quran include the anthropological, epistemological and ontological foundations.

Having sufficient information about the prevalence of drug use, types of drugs used and duration of dependence in soldiers can play an important role in preventing soldiers’ affliction with drug use and treating them. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of drug use among soldiers in the barracks in Lorestan province. The statistical population of this descriptive survey study consisted of all the soldiers in the barracks in Lorestan province, Iran. Accordingly, 400 soldiers were selected and studied as a sample using the convenience non-random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of drug use among the soldiers. The collected data were analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that the frequency of drug use had increased significantly during military service compared to that of pre-service period. But the types of drugs used and the duration of dependence before and after the military service were not significantly different. According to the findings of the study, it is concluded that the period of sacred military service is of particular importance in the physical and mental health of young people, and paying attention to the conditions and problems of young people in this critical period can play an important role in preventing and even treating their addictive disorders.

The birth of a child is an exciting but stressful event for the parents. Meanwhile, the birth of a child with special needs imposes more stress on the parents and requires special physical and mental strength to parenting the child. The current study was conducted to compare the interpersonal mindfulness in parenting, parental competence, and perceived social support in the mothers of children with or without special needs.

This study was a descriptive research with comparative analytical design. The statistical population included two groups of mothers of children with or without special needs living in Qazvin in 2018. Among them, 160 mothers (87 having a child without special needs and 73 having a child with special needs) were selected voluntarily by convenience sampling to participate in the study. The research tools included Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (Duncan, 2007), Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (Johnston and Mash, 1989) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, and Farley, 1988).

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of mothers of children with or without special needs in terms of interpersonal mindfulness in parenting (p<.01) and parental competence (p<.05); however no significant difference was found in terms of perceived social support (p>.4).

Results showed lower scores of parental competence and higher scores of interpersonal mindfulness in parenting in the mothers of children with special needs compared to the mothers of children without special needs. The implications of the result are discussed in the article.

The adolescent's competence in various personal and social dimensions and psychological capital is the basis for life satisfaction. Addressing social and psychological capital at an early stage of life, known as identity formation, can explain life satisfaction in individuals. This study aimed to evaluate positive youth development and psychological capital in predicting life satisfaction in adolescents. The present study was a correlational-descriptive design. The statistical population included all adolescents living in district 5 in Tehran, consisting of three hundred and twenty-five people selected through randomized cluster sampling. To collect data, Geldhof et al.’s Positive Youth Development (PYD) scale,  Diener et al.’s Life Satisfaction Scale, and to assess psychological capital Snyder Hope Scale, Schwartz and Jerusalem’s  General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Optimism subtest of the Life Orientation Test, and the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale were used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-24 software. The results of regression using the enter method showed that competence, confidence, caring, and connection played significant roles in predicting life satisfaction and explained 46% of the variance of life satisfaction. Psychological capital, including hope, self-efficacy, and resiliency, also significantly predicted life satisfaction and explained 36% of the variance of life satisfaction. In sum, results indicated the importance of psychological capital, emphasizing the components of positive youth development, including competence, confidence, caring, and connection in adolescent life satisfaction.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on psychological capital of women improved from substance dependence. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. In this study, the statistical population consisted of homeless women improved from substance dependence in the city of Tehran among which a sample size of 36 subjects was selected by convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The selected samples were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995) General Self-efficacy Scale, Snyder et al. (1991) Hope Scale,  and Scheier and Carver (1985) Optimism Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that psychotherapy was effective on the three components of psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, and resilience) of women improved from substance dependence, and significantly improved the level of these variables, but in the optimism component, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. In general, it can be said that the existence of supportive factors such as psychological capital are essential to prevent and improve substance dependence. Also, based on the results, positive psychotherapy can be considered as an effective treatment to promote psychological capital.

Marital satisfaction is one of the common concepts used for assessing happiness and stability in a marriage. It is a multidimensional concept that is affected by several  factors such as marital  burnout , loneliness and sexual  function.

  The purpose of this study was   to predict marital satisfaction based on  marital burnout, loneliness and sexual function of married students.

The research method was correlation which is categorized as descriptive research methods. The statistical population included all married female students of  Karaj Islamic Azad University who were studying in the academic year 97-98. Of the 1400  married women students, 300 person selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by Enrich's marital satisfaction questionnaire (1989), Pines's marital burnout (1996), Dehshari's et al. loneliness (1387) and sexual function of women of Rosen's et al. (2000).

The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between marital burnout, loneliness and marital satisfaction, and a significant positive correlation between sexual function and marital satisfaction (p<0/01).  Also, variables  of  marital burnout, loneliness and  sexual function, 14% of the variance in  marital satisfaction of  women married students  was explained(p<0/01).

  It can be concluded that the variables of  marital burnout, loneliness, and sexual function play an important role in the marital satisfaction of married female students.

The identification of positive family and personality factors affecting the reduction of negative outcomes in adolescent girls is important. This study aimed to study the family function and positive youth development to predict depression in adolescents. The present study was a correlational-descriptive design. The statistical population consisted of all secondary school female students (second period) in the city of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2018-2019. So, 293 girl adolescents that were selected from 18th district of education regions by method was multi-stage cluster. According to the sample loss, 293 individuals were included in this study. To collect data, Geldhof et al.’s Positive Youth Development Scale(2014), the  Epstein et al.’s Family Assessment Device(1983), and Kovacs and Beck’s Child Depression Inventory(1977) were used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS24. The results revealed that competence, confidence, and connection respectively played significant roles in predicting depression (p= 0/001), and totally explained 39% of the variance of depression. The components of family function including role, problem solving, and emotional expression respectively had significant roles in predicting depression (p= 0/001), and totally explained 25% of the variance of depression. Overall, the results indicated the importance of family function with emphasis on the components of positive youth development including competence, confidence, and connection in adolescent depression.

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of social competence training based on Flener model on social adjustment of students who are bullying victims according to the role of social goal orientation. Research design was a quasi-experimental method along with pre-test/post-test and control group. The population consisted of girl victims who were studying at 7th and 8th grade in first stage of secondary school. Sample consisted of 96 victim students that were randomly assigned to experimental (n=48) and control (n=48) groups according to their type of social goal orientation. California Bullying Victimization Scale, Social Achievement Goal Orientation and social adjustment scales were used. Social competence training was conducted in 12 sessions during six weeks for experimental group and control group received no training. The results of the two-way univariate the analysis of covariance showed that the training is effective on increasing the social adjustment of the victims. This increase was in social mastery and in social performance-approach groups, but not in social performance- avoidance group. Overall, the results indicate that social competence training can be used to promote the social adjustment of bullying victims.

The present research aimed at studying the role of family function، self-esteem، self-efficacy and personality type in the prediction of academic achievement motivation. The method of this research was descriptive–correlational. The research population included all Semnan high school students in 1390 academic year. Out of this population، 400 high school students were selected by cluster random sampling. The instruments used for the purpose of data collection were Bahrani’s motivation of academic achievement questionnaire (1372)، the general self-efficacy scale of Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1981)، Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965)، Najarian’s family function questionnaire (1374)، Eysenck personality inventory (short form) (1982). The results showed a significant positive relationship between academic achievement motivation with family function and its related components، self-esteem، extraversion and self-efficacy. Also، there was a significant negative relationship between neuroticism and academic achievement motivation. The results of step-wise regression analysis showed that family function، self-efficacy، extraversion، self-esteem and neuroticism respectively have an important and significant role in the prediction of academic achievement motivation. Generally، the variables explained 33% of motivation of academic achievement variance.

In recent years, the number of researches in the field of positive psychology has increased. Therefore, studying psychometric properties of the most widely used tools in this field, like happiness, is of a great importance. The present study aimed at exploring the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire among college students. Using multi-stage random sampling, 428 subjects were selected among college students and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were distributed among them. Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest coefficient for the whole sample were respectively 90% and 79%. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire was involving six factors: life satisfaction, efficacy, happiness, self-esteem, sociability and well-being. The results of the confirmative factor analysis indicated that the factorial structure of the questionnaire was one-dimensional. Moreover, the coefficient of convergence and divergence validity for questionnaire was high and acceptable. There was no significant difference between males and females in happiness. The findings attested to the fact that the Persian version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire had acceptable psychometric properties and could be used as reliable and valid instrument in psychological researches.

Aim and Anxiety is the most prevalent psychiatric symptom in patients with coronary heart disease. Untreated anxiety will result in adverse outcomes for these patients. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of group behavioral activation with and without familial support on anxiety reduction in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods and Materials: In a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up، 59 married men with coronary heart disease were selected with convenient sampling. They were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)، Family Support Questionnaire (FSQ)، and a demographic questionnaire in pretest phase، posttest phase، and follow-up phase. Treatments groups received therapeutic intervention in 7 sessions (once weekly) while the control group did not receive any intervention. All groups were followed for 6 months. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the therapeutic effectiveness of group behavioral activation therapy، group behavioral activation therapy with familial support، and the control group in anxiety reduction (P < 0. 001). The effectiveness of group behavioral activation and social support on anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease would be valuable for clinicians and health professionals.

The different scales for assessing Schizotypal traits were developed from different perspectives. These scales confined themselves only to certain aspects of the Schizotypal personality. In contrast, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire is more comprehensive scale based on nine clinical features of Schizotypal personality disorder described by the DSM-IV-TR. The aim of this study was validation and factor analysis of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The current study was conducted in descriptive research context. A group of 609 normal participants (187 male  422 female) from Tabriz Payame Nour and Azad University and Sarab Payame Nour University students took part in this research. Two and three factor solutions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis with Promax rotation, but two factor solutions showed better logical and symptomological fitnesses. There are no sex differences in Schizotypy among groups. To calculate the convergent validity of SPQ and its negative & positive factors, concurrent application of Schizotypal Trait Questionnaire A form was used and was found to have 0.80, 0.75, 0.82 correlations. The SPQ and its negative & positive factors were found to have 0.74, 0.77, 0.83 internal reliability, 0.80, 0.72, 0.70 test-retest reliability. Based on these results, it was concluded that SPQ contain good validity and reliability in Iranian population and it can be used, as valid measure, in Psychological and Psychiatric researches.