export performance

Exports are a vital tool for countries to achieve economic growth and success. The success of a company in the field of exports is evaluated through its export performance. Among the factors influencing export performance are export market orientation and export strategies. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of competitive strategy on export performance, with the mediating role of market orientation and the moderating role of local institutions in Pars Khodro Company. The nature of this research is descriptive-survey based on the objective criterion in the category of applied research, and based on the data collection method, it is a field study. The analysis of survey responses collected from 333 managers, supervisors, and employees of Pars Khodro Company was conducted using SPSS 26 and Smart PLS3 software. The findings of the study indicate that competitive strategies influence market orientation in Pars Khodro Company. Market orientation plays a mediating role between competitive strategies and export performance in Pars Khodro Company. Market orientation affects export performance in Pars Khodro Company, and local institutions do not moderate the relationship between market orientation and export performance in Pars Khodro Company. The findings show that Pars Khodro Company benefits more from differentiation strategies when supported by strong local institutions. The dynamics in business environments, driven by factors such as economic growth or decline, increased competition, globalization, mergers and acquisitions, and technological innovations, have challenged the ability of top managers to timely understand and appropriately respond to these changes. In highly competitive global markets, understanding customer needs and differentiating themselves from competitors has become increasingly critical.

The purpose of this research is to achieve a better understanding of the development of organizational capabilities of knowledge-based companies and to improve their export performance. Also, this study aims to help the performance of these companies in international markets by measuring international orientation.

In order to achieve the stated goals, a questionnaire was distributed among 219 knowledge-based companies that had a history of exporting, of which the information of 205 questionnaires was used for analysis using structural equations and Smart PLS software.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be seen that the three variables of international orientation, innovation capabilities and export performance have a positive and significant relationship with each other. It is also argued that the international orientation has an impact on six of the seven variable dimensions of innovation capabilities, and it does not have a significant relationship only with the dimension of research and development capacity. In addition, from these dimensions, only two dimensions of research and development capacity and marketing capacity have a significant relationship with export performance.

Originality/Value:

 The results of this study confirm the findings of the previous literature, which acknowledged that there is a strong and positive relationship between the company's capabilities and their performance in international markets. This study provides insights into establishing international orientation as an important internal capability that can contribute to the superior export performance of these companies. The moderating effects are important because domestic drivers are found to influence the faster internationalization of new businesses.

One of the most important prerequisites for economic development and increasing income is export performance which is considered an important source for the overall development of countries' economies. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the non-oil export performance of manufacturing companies in Guilan province. In this regard, on the one hand, providing a model leads to an increase in domestic income, and on the other hand, it will create a favorable environment for the growth of private and small businesses. In developing countries, including Iran, that export oil has always been the axis of economic development and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, today, the growth of non-oil exports and the increase of the country's share in world trade and international markets in order to reduce the heavy dependence of the economy on oil revenues is considered one of the important economic goals. From this point of view, this research has investigated the drivers of non-oil export development of manufacturing companies in Gilan province and intends to answer this important question; what are the most important drivers of non-oil export development of manufacturing companies in Gilan province?

The research method is mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes university professors in the field of international trade, executive managers and successful and expert managers in the field of non-oil exports, and in the quantitative section, managers of all companies that export non-oil products in Gilan province. Using the purposeful sampling method, 17 quality department experts and 311 senior managers who had effective responsibility in the manufacturing companies of Gilan province were randomly selected. To measure the validity, two criteria of convergent and divergent validity were used, and in order to check the reliability, two criteria of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were used. The research questionnaires included entrepreneurship, market orientation, organizational learning, organizational innovation, competitive advantage and export performance. In this research, in order to investigate research hypotheses and test direct and indirect paths, structural equation modeling was used using Amos software version 24.

The results showed entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.288), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.181), organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.125), organizational innovation (Beta coefficient: 0.232) and competitive advantage (Beta coefficient: 0.234) have a significant effect on the export performance of Guilan companies. Also, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.262), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.146), organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.137) and organizational innovation (Beta coefficient: 0.36) have a significant effect on competitive advantage of Guilan companies. In the other dimension, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.387), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.275) and organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.203) have a significant effect on the organizational innovation of Guilan companies. Finally, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.171) and market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.198) have a significant effect on the organizational learning of these companies.

The results show that entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, organizational learning and organizational innovation have direct and indirect effects on export performance. Having an entrepreneurial orientation has enabled manufacturing companies to obtain valuable information from the market in the field of non-oil products as well as the market gap in this field, and the organization can better identify market opportunities. The result of such an attitude is organizational learning, higher innovation and successful export performance. Also, the adoption of a market-oriented approach will cause the manufacturing companies of Guilan province to adopt the best response to environmental changes, changes in customers' tastes, as well as unforeseen events, and this preparation and complete study of market trends will create the basis for better performance and gaining a competitive position. It is noteworthy that organizational learning, while acquiring extra-organizational and exploratory knowledge and analyzing this knowledge in order to solve the company's problems (exploitative learning), facilitates the opportunity to create a competitive advantage and, subsequently, continuous export performance. Also, innovation facilitates the creation of a competitive advantage and subsequent higher export performance by focusing on areas such as the development of innovative products in accordance with market needs, technological processes for the production of innovative products, designing new marketing strategies, as well as adapting to unexpected opportunities. Finally, competitive advantage, in turn, is directly related to the availability of resources and core competencies and cost leadership and distinctive strategic strategies. From this point of view, when manufacturing companies are successful in the field of differentiation strategies and cost leadership, on the one hand, they inject products and services that are special and different from their competitors to the target market, and on the other hand, by reducing the costs of producing products, they offer highly competitive prices that leads to a favorable export performance.

The intent of this study was to identify the effects of absorptive capacity and intellectual capital on the export performance of technological companies in Guilan Province, considering the mediating role of innovation and imitation strategies.

This research was a quantitative and descriptive survey. Using non-probability sampling method, 220 companies were selected. The collected data were analysed by structural equation modelling and the partial least squares approach through Smart PLS software.

Results show that there is a significant relationship between absorptive capacity, innovation strategies, imitation, and export performance, but the relationship between intellectual capital and imitation strategies is not confirmed. Also, only the mediating role of innovation strategy in the relationship between intellectual capital and export performance is confirmed.

Originality: 

This article expands the existing literature in the field of imitation strategy by using a model for the effects of absorptive capacity and intellectual capital on export performance with the mediating role of innovation and imitation strategies. It also investigates the characteristics of imitation strategy. The findings of the research increase knowledge and awareness in this field and can be a basis for practical and effective measures.

In today's business environment, which is accompanied by increasing competition in global markets, international strategies are becoming more important, and exporting is known as the most common way for companies to enter global markets. Today, companies are trying to prosper by improving their export performance. Considering this importance, in this research, the key drivers of the export performance of small and medium-sized companies have been investigated. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of absorptive capacity, intangible resources and entrepreneurial orientation on the export performance of small and medium-sized companies through the mediation of competitive advantages and comprehensive quality management. This research is practical in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of methodology. The community under investigation is small and medium-sized companies active in the field of food industry located in Tehran, and the questionnaire was distributed among the managers and experts of these companies. Finally, 250 practical questionnaires have been collected, and the value of Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability of all variables have been obtained in order to check the reliability of the measuring tool above 0.7. The analysis of the collected data was done by structural equation modeling method and using SmartPLS software. After the statistical analysis, it was found that the drivers of export performance, including intangible resources, absorption capacity and entrepreneurial orientation, have a positive and significant effect on the export performance of small and medium-sized companies. It was also found that intangible resources, absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage and comprehensive quality management. Also, the mediating effect of total quality management on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance was confirmed. According to the obtained results, all research hypotheses are confirmed. Therefore, considering the importance of export, it can be concluded that any action to improve each of these drivers will lead to an increase in the company's export performance.

The knowledge-based economy has changed its paradigm from industrial competition to knowledge transfer for wealth creation. Therefore, the development of the innovation capacity of organizations and the absorption of new knowledge is the key to the development of a knowledge-based economy. The present paper aims to investigate the impact of knowledge management on export performance and entrepreneurial skills, which is objective, practical, and descriptive in terms of method. It is a survey. The statistical population is all export companies in Tos Industrial Town of Mashhad. There are a total of 385 companies, 385 managers. Due to the sanctions regarding the export sector, if you want to mention a specific industry, you will face a limited community, therefore; In this research, all export companies of Mashhad Tos Industrial Town were considered. According to Morgan's table, the sample size is 181 people, and the questionnaires were distributed among them in a simple random manner. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data were analyzed by structural equations and with the help of PLS software. The results indicated that knowledge management has a significant effect on export performance and entrepreneurial skills.

Despite the vital importance of emotional intelligence and communication capabilities in the organization's external relations and performance, their role in improving export performance has been less studied. Relying on the theory of emotion regulation in exports, in the present study, a model has been proposed to examine the links between exporters' emotional intelligence on export performance. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on the method of data collection, descriptive and survey type. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling method with partial least squares method in LISREL software has been used Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among Iranian carpet exporters in Tehran and Mashhad. The content validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. And composite reliability was calculated. For data analysis, structural equation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its non-parametric alternatives, namely U-Mann-Whitney and Kraskal-Wallis tests were used. The results show that higher levels of exporter emotional intelligence increase social interaction with the importer while reducing the distance between their working relationships. Relationship ability is positively affected by communication and social bonding but negatively affected by distance and conflict. The results also confirm the direct and positive effect of relationship capability and emotional intelligence on export performance. According to the findings of the research, exporters can improve their conditions and final profit by providing more training in the field of emotional intelligence and paying attention to different dimensions of the communication atmosphere.

Today's world has many differences with the world of the past due to the change in the nature of international competition and the increasing growth of multinational companies. Export development and correct entry into the world market, as well as maintaining the conditions and sustainability in it, cannot be achieved except with a specific and sustainable export strategy. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of developing export activities, companies need to adopt a suitable strategy for its sustainable development. Therefore, in this research, the relationship between business strategies and export performance of companies has been investigated. The statistical population of this research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to test the hypotheses of the research, the information of the financial statements of 176 companies during the period of 1396 to 1400 has been examined. The research results show that the choice of business strategies has a direct and significant effect on the export performance of companies. That is, the more aggressive the company's business strategy is, the higher the company's export performance will be. Also there is no significant relationship between business strategies and export market share and export tendency.

With the expansion of globalization, rising competition as well as the increasing environmental changes, exports have become more important today due to competitive advantage, growth and economic prosperity for companies. In this study, it is intended to focus on export companies more attention to the importance of proactive customer orientation and more efficient use of knowledge and the impact of service innovation on improving corporate performance. The present study is of correlation and its nature is one of the descriptive -survey research. The statistical population of this study is the export active industrial companies in Urmia, which, according to a request from the Industry, Mining and Commerce Organization (Semat), is 349. In this study, data analysis and inferential assumptions and statistics were performed from different methods and tests using SPSS26 and Smart-PLS3 software. The results showed that proactive customer orientation with a coefficient of 0.20, knowledge absorption capability of 0.210 and services innovation with a coefficient of 0.396 had a positive and significant impact on export performance. Also, proactive customer orientation with a coefficient of 0.347 and knowledge absorption capability of 0.438 have a positive and significant impact on service innovation, and ultimately service innovation with a coefficient of 0.177 and 0.73, respectively It mediates export performance.

Today, saffron exporting countries in the world are trying to gain a good position in the global market. Iran is one of the largest producers of saffron in the world, which unfortunately, unlike the production field, has not achieved its true position in the field of exports.we seek to propose an export performance model based on international marketing strategy in SME that export saffron. First, we reviewed the existing models in the field of export performance with background research, and then, by extracting the variables, we presented a proposed model. Then we extracted the hypotheses of the questionnaire. In the next step, we used the non-probability snowball sampling method to collect statistical samples. Finally, 107 company managers answered the questionnaire. Then the data analysis process was performed with Smart-PLS software. The results showed that standardization / adaptability in the international marketing mix has a significant effect on the objective performance of exports and satisfaction with export performance. Also, technology intensity variables and organizational determinants do not play a mediating role in the relationship between international marketing strategy and export performance. Company size variables and managerial determinants only mediate the relationship between international marketing strategy and export performance satisfaction, and environmental determinants mediate the effect of standardization / adaptability in the international marketing mix on export performance satisfaction and objective export performance. Also, at the end, the proposed model is presented using the results of fitting the general model.

Inadequate export performance of Iranian companies has always been one of the concerns of business managers. In this regard, the present study aims to develop a conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the food industry. This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population includes the senior managers, deputies and supervisors of the top 10 export companies of 191 people, of which a sample of 130 people was selected using the Cochran's formula. In this study, a questionnaire including 7 dimensions and 36 questions was used to collect information to test the hypotheses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity method and convergent validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. To test the hypotheses, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that marketing capabilities have a positive and significant effect on product innovation, distribution channels .

The purpose of this paper was to identify and level the relationship between the empowerment of export performance and the world-class approach with emphasis on export development programs for sports products through the use of interpretive-structural modeling. The present study is a cross-sectional, developmental-applied study. The approach Glazer and in-depth interviews with 15 experts (economists, managers, sports marketing, industrial management, familiar upscale global manufacturers of products for sport) in the application environment NVIVO10 main factors model has 100 open, 18 election code and 5 code reviews to identify Then, using the interpretive-structural modeling process in the MATLAB2014 software environment, the level and internal relations between the extraction factors were determined and finally, by MICC analysis based on the conductivity and dependence. The results showed that of the 13 levels are at the highest level (Level 1), enabling strategic sports industry and sports industry world-class as the impact of most operating at the lowest level (level 13), program associated with legal compliance areas Different social, economic, and environmental factors were considered as the most influential factors in the development of exports of sports products. . As a result of any plans and actions by managers and sports revenues, in order to advance the empowerment of the export performance of sport products in support of the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods, it is necessary to pay attention to the key role of these factors.

This article aims to investigate the relationship between cyberspace capabilities and the characteristics of international entrepreneurship and improve the export performance of knowledge-based companies. This research was conducted by descriptive correlation method. The statistical population of this study includes 293 knowledge-based companies in Khorasan Razavi province. A total of 166 managers of these companies were selected as a research sample by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was three questionnaires of cyberspace capabilities, international entrepreneurial characteristics and export performance that were used as researchers. Content validity, face validity, structural validity and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed. The results showed that there is a relationship between e-commerce capabilities and the Internet with the characteristics of international entrepreneurship. There is also a significant relationship between e-commerce and Internet capabilities and international entrepreneurial characteristics with improved export performance. The results also showed that the capabilities of the Internet and e-commerce and the characteristics of international entrepreneurship affect the export performance of knowledge-based companies.

Despite the increasing number of food industry export companies in Kermanshah province of Iran, the basic needs of these companies have not been fully addressed and key players are witnessing a risky business environment. Therefore, presenting a model of export performance improvement with an emphasis on the role of logistics strategic orientation is of the utmost importance. In the present study, using grounded theory approach, the logistics strategic behavior of food exporting companies in Kermanshah province is studied. The statistical population includes the experts and senior managers of food exporting companies in Kermanshah province. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used and data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until the theoretical saturation was achieved. By performing open coding, 76 different concepts were extracted. These concepts have been categorized into 16 categories through the axial coding process. Finally, using the grounded theory paradigm model, 6 aggregate themes were obtained which include: causes (export general challenges, logistics quality for export goods, and the firms' development performance), phenomenon (province's capabilities in food export), intervening conditions (the improvement costs of export goods logistics, management styles in export companies, firms' structural characteristics, and human resources), context (the role of governance, communication, and marketing), strategies (infrastructure strategies, support strategies, digital transformation strategies, and operational strategies), and consequences (direct desired results, and indirect desired results).

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of knowledge management on export performance with an emphasis on the mediating role of innovation.

The statistical population of this research is all employee of small and medium companies in Isfahan province (unlimited), of which 384 people were studied by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was Nonaka and Takuchi's (1995) knowledge management questionnaire, Azizi innovation (2014) and Alipour and Shirin (2017) export performance questionnaires, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires indicated that the data collection tool has validity. And they were very reliable. Analysis of research data was done through structural equation modeling using PLS version 3 software.

The results showed that knowledge management has an effect on innovation and export performance. Also, innovation has an effect on export performance. And finally, the mediating role of innovation was confirmed.

With the design model, it can be expected that the managers of small and medium-sized companies can pay attention to increasing the level of knowledge management in order to increase their export performance, and if they want to have a greater impact on their export performance, they should can pay attention to the mediating role of innovation.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role for both economic growth and employment opportunities. Considering that SMEs can expand their market coverage through exporting, governments encourage SMEs to explore the international market for potential business growth. However, this has never been an easy task. SMEs need to achieve competitive advantage in order to compete with other industrial players around the world. Competitive advantage is one of the most important factors affecting the success of any firm in international markets. Previous studies have long discussed the role of the competitive advantage of firms as a determinant of export performance, but there are few studies on the determinants of firm competitive advantage and its potential mediating role in the relationship between marketing capabilities and export performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of four essential export capabilities including product innovation, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communication on a firm’s export performance with the mediating role of competitive advantage. In this paper, we aim to shed light on the research gaps by investigating the essential capabilities associated with competitive advantage that may lead to SMEs' international performance and whether competitive advantage is a mediator to link these capabilities to SMEs' international performance. Understanding the essential capabilities which contribute to competitive advantage will guide SMEs that intend to explore international markets to assess their readiness. Policy makers and entrepreneurs can focus their capability development programs on capabilities strongly associated with competitive advantage for exporting SMEs.

The population selected for the study consisted of the exporting firms in the food industry based in Tehran Province. The sample of the study was calculated using the Cochran formula with 95 firms randomly drawn from the respective population. Regarding the purpose, the study is an applied work carried out with a descriptive-survey research method, and the data were collected through a questionnaire. The Hypotheses of the study were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). More specifically, we applied complete bootstrapping setting with 5000 subsamples, mean replacement for missing values and two-tailed test for hypothesis testing. SEM is particularly useful for testing complex models and when researchers need to incorporate latent variables. More specifically, we opted to apply the Partial Least Squares (PLS) SME approach, using the SmartPLS 3.2.8 software. The unidimensionality and reliability of the dataset were assessed through different procedures. The construct reliability was assessed by the degree to which the items were free from random errors and, therefore, they would yield consistent results. The reliability of the measures was also calculated using the composite reliability (CR) index and the average variance extracted (AVE) index. For all the measures, both indices were higher than the evaluation criteria, namely, 0.7 for the CR index and 0.5 for the AVE index.

Theoretically, this study provides empirical evidence on the determinants of competitive advantage and the mediating role of competitive advantage. The RBV theory suggests that only capabilities which are valuable, rare, inimitable, non-substitutable can be source of competitive advantage. In line with this argument, we examined whether all the four essential capabilities are ‘valuable’ to competitive advantage. In this sense, this study extends the findings of previous research on the relationships among organizational capabilities, competitive advantage and international performance. The results revealed that two of the mentioned capabilities (market intelligence and pricing) impact competitive advantage. In addition, the data analysis confirmed the relationship between competitive advantage and export performance. Moreover, the results indicated that competitive advantage only serves as a mediator between market intelligence capability and export performance as well as pricing capability and export performance.

According to the results of the study, market intelligence and pricing are two important capabilities which create competitive advantage for the exporting firms in the food industry. In other words, the competitive advantage of these firms depends upon their capability to respond to market intelligence and offer reasonable and fair prices in export markets. The present study is an effort to contribute to the literature on explaining the determinants of competitive advantage affecting the export performance of firms. Moreover, the results showed that only market intelligence and pricing capabilities have mediating effects on export performance through the competitive advantage. This proves the critical roles of these two capabilities for international success. Therefore, even though a firm can achieve competitive advantage through other capabilities, the extent to which it knows international markets, customers, rivals, and reasonable prices may be essential to capitalize the capabilities and take the most advantage of opportunities to achieve a favorable export performance. The findings of this investigation can be valuable to SMEs and startups that intend to explore or exploit opportunities in foreign markets.

The purpose of this paper was to level the factors affecting the export performance of sports products to reach the global class with an emphasis on human resource development by employing interpretive-structural modeling. The current research is a mixture of developmental and applied. Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software environment is the level and internal relationships between extraction factors and finally classified based on MICMAC analysis of power and dependency. The results showed that model factors are located in 5 levels and motivate people for human resources, trust building, organizational communication, training and human resource skills at the fifth level of the model and have the most impact on human resource development (level four), quality, Innovation, flexibility, cost reduction, time reduction, sales and after-sales services (third level), production and service in the world class (second level), world-class sports industry, and the empowerment of export performance of sports products (Level one) . In MICMAC analysis, human resource development factors (independent variables) that stimulate and motivate other factors. Based on the results of the research, successful and effective sports managers and marketers, by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided.by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided.