جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اشتغال » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

One of the basic goals of development is to achieve social welfare for all, and creating a platform for suitable environment for business and employment in any country are crucial factors in driving economic growth, prosperity and ultimately increasing the economic and social welfare of the population. Given the instrumental role of employment in the realization of social well-being, this research firstly aims to empirically identify and define the factors influencing employment and well-being. This research uses a documentary method and semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists in the field of employment and well-being in the Ministry of Labor, Cooperation and social Welfare. In the second step, after counting the factors and key components affecting the future of employment and prosperity of the country, these factors were arranged within a mutual matrix and presented to experts, and then using Micmac software (MIC MAC) the direct and indirect effects of variables on each other were measured. Finally, the research showed that economic structure variables, investment, business environment, welfare system and social justice as two-dimensional variables, policymaking variables, international relations, laws and regulations and banking system as influencing variables, educational system variables and banking system as regulatory variables, variables of the payment system and human resources were recognized as dependent variables, and the variables of the educational system, cultural system, and technology were recognized as independent variables.
Based on the degree of influence and effectiveness of the variables, the priority of policy variables, economic structure, investment, international relations, laws and regulations, business environment, banking system, welfare system, social justice and education system were the most important key drivers affecting the employment and social welfare of the country.

In Islamic historical verses and hadiths, the effective presence of women and their responsibilities in social scenes is observed. In this regard, some religious people consider the role of women to be limited to the role of mother and wife and think that women's duty is limited to these two roles. They have no right to be present in the community and to perform other responsibilities. On the other hand, some believe that in addition to the role of mother and wife, women also have the ability and competence to perform other social roles and inevitably have to show themselves in many of their managements. This article seeks to state whether Islam has allowed women to be employed in society? Does having employment in society have consequences? And whether getting a job can hurt the family. The results of the research indicate that the Holy Quran and hadiths, after explaining the important role of mother and wife in the family, by considering some cases and requirements in the field of social, political, scientific and economic activities, give women the right to independence.

nowadays , employment and unemployment are considered as one of the public and complex issues of societies and governments and governments .the development of employment along with economic prosperity and social welfare will prevent many security and criminal problems , social and cultural damage .therefore , public managers and policy - makers are trying to achieve comprehensive policy making and accurate implementation of policies in solving employment problems and unemployment .iran , like many developing countries or developing countries , is facing a high unemployment rate , and governments and policy - makers have implemented various measures and programs in creating jobs and unemployment .the main question is : how successful and how successful the programs and policies implemented in the field of employment ? ?the objections and drawbacks of the management structure and the way of employment policy making are controversial .in order to explain the effect of employment and answer to the research questions in the present study .at the beginning of the research , the status of statistics and indicators and current structure of the country 's employment management using scientific and organizational resources were studied and explained .then , by using the analytical and inferential methods of government executive actions and managerial structure of employment in the public sector were criticized and analyzed .finally , scientific and practical suggestions are presented to improve the structure of the higher council of employment and policy recommendations in the implementation of employment programs

The purpose of this study is to know the effects of economic, social and cultural consequences of handicraft development and its role in tourism prosperity in Kerman province. For this purpose, first, by reviewing the theoretical literature related to identifying the consequences of handicrafts on tourism development, then the opinion of active craftsmen in this industry (in Kerman province) was questioned. The analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire in this research has been done in two descriptive and inferential ways using SPSS 22 software and IMOS software. In descriptive analysis, the researcher has summarized and classified the collected data using descriptive statistics indicators. In general, 2x test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to measure the normality of the data. Kolmogorf-Smirnov test was used to measure the normality of the variables of this research. Also, one-sample t-student tests were used to analyze the research questions. Two-sample independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used. To answer the rest of the questions, a one-sample t-test was used. Showed that the calculated averages of the opinions of artisans are above average and they believe that the development of handicrafts will lead to a boom in tourism and the consequences include; Increasing entrepreneurship and business prosperity, increasing income and increasing employment of natives and preventing migration and poverty alleviation and self-confidence in this sector.

The purpose of the present study is to review and analyze the unilateral sanctions of the US and their impacts on employment and development in Iran. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and an evaluation of the economic sanctions imposed against the Islamic Republic of Iran with regulations and principles of the international law, proves the main hypothesis of this article that is the illegitimacy of such sanctions. Accordingly, the unilateral economic sanctions of the US against Iran have caused some limitations on different economic sections of the country, transfer of technical equipment and knowledge, foreign investment, transportation, payments, and so on. The results of the study show that one of the effects of the unilateral sanctions of the US against the Islamic Republic of Iran that has violated human rights, is the violation of the right of employment. Fluctuation in the process of employment in Iran following the sanctions, has caused the agitation and confusion of a lot of Iranian citizens. Lack of job and occupational security in the country, decline in production, inflation and … are some consequences of the sanctions.

Today, women's participation in the expansion of social and economic activities has increased significantly, but the income gap between men and women in the labor market is one of the most important discriminations that has been accompanied by increasing women's participation in the labor market in recent years; therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prohibition of gender discrimination in women's employment in Iranian law from a statistical point of view. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the study consists of all women in the 14th district of Tehran. The statistical sample was determined using the Cochran's formula of 384 people. The results showed that the level of attention of politicians and influential people in the legislature to the status and rights of women, including freedom of labor and their right to employment in development programs, is low and gender discrimination in access to opportunities is one of the barriers to wom e n' s freedom and employment.

The presence of women in the field of socio - political activities in Arab countries has always been one of the most controversial issues in those communities due to the views of the governments and the positions of some political and religious currents. Bahrain, meanwhile, after the death of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa in 1999 and the succession of his son Sheikh Hamad bin Isa, presented and approved a plan called the "Charter of National Action" to change the system of government from emirate to monarchy and to implement some political reforms and social issues such as amendment of the 1972 constitution, holding elections, reopening the House of Representatives, and granting the suffrage and candidacy to women in council and parliamentary elections. Since among the most important goals of the Charter were to open the political space, spread democracy, increase people's participation and specially give women the right to vote, some claim that the role and socio-political position of Bahraini women has been improved. Opponents of the regime, however, argue that changes such as women's suffrage, the formation of civic institutions, and the presence of women in government cabinets and parliamentary elections are not desirable criteria for assessing political and social participation. The authors of this article, without having a biased view of any of these views, seek to address the issue by referring directly to Bahraini society and citing statistics, figures and evidence. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is based on the library method, which examines the socio-political activities of Bahraini women, especially their presence in associations and unions and their participation in the electoral campaigns from 2002 to 2018. The required information and data are collected and reviewed and analyzed. The findings show that despite the specific norms and customs of Arab societies, and the traditional political structure of Bahraini government with its repressive approach to the political opposition, especially in the political protests and demonstrations of February 14, 2011, the presence of women in Important political and social positions has grown significantly in recent decades. Increase in women's associations, unions and non-governmental organizations, as well as increase in their presence in high political positions such as ministry, embassy and parliament, shows the positive effects of the 2002 political reforms on Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa in promoting the political position of Bahraini women. At present, the characteristics of women entering the field of social activities have grown significantly. The increase in study and university education opportunities for women has led to women's motivation and self-confidence to enter the political arena. Although it is not currently possible for Bahraini women to hold high governmental positions such as Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Justice, Minister of Defense, etc., the available evidence suggests that in recent years the attitude of the government towards their position and role in Political issues has changed significantly. The selection of a woman as the Speaker of the Consultative Assembly by the deputies, along with the numerous appointments of women as ambassadors, ministers and government officials, confirms the changes occurring in the government's view of women compared to other Arab countries. But, the discrimination against Shiite women is an important point. Indeed, despite advances in women's legislation, there is still an inequality observed in employment opportunities and management positions by Shiite women.

Technical and vocational education plays an important role in creating employment, welfare and training of skilled labor in today's world and should be considered as a major option to increase the share of graduates and train skilled labor to quickly enter the labor market and The aim of this study was to compare the effects of vocational and technical training on the employment of graduates in students in Tehran in 1397. This research is applied and in terms of data collection, descriptive-survey type. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha (0.79) and its validity was confirmed by a survey of experts in the field of education and social sciences. The sample studied in this research is 315 graduates of vocational, technical and professional fields who were selected by Cochran method. The results showed that according to the independent t-test to compare the two groups, the significance level of all items is more than 0.05, so there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups, so we can say with 95% confidence that between the two groups There are no statistically significant differences in the social, educational, personal, economic and entrepreneurial dimensions and government support.

The present research has been conducted with the aim of sociologically investigating the effects of associate and technical and professional trainings on the employment of graduates in Tehran. This research is applied in terms of research results and descriptive-survey in terms of purpose. Semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative part of the research and researcher-made questionnaires were used in the quantitative part. The sample examined in this research in the quantitative part, which was conducted using the purposeful sampling method, are 315 graduates of associate science and technical and professional fields. And in the qualitative section, there are 7 experts in the field of education and social sciences. To investigate the research questions, KMO test, Bartlett test and one-sample T test were used using SPSS statistical software. The results of the research showed that the courses of technical and vocational education and work and knowledge did not play a significant role in improving and upgrading the external efficiency of graduates in the individual and social-educational, economic and government support and entrepreneurship dimensions, and the quality level of education The technical, professional and professional skills were lower than the average quality level in the society. Also, technical and professional trainings have not played a significant role in promoting and improving the examined indicators on people. Finally, solutions and suggestions were presented in this area.

The common pattern of women's social activity is largely based on foreign approaches. The present article seeks to provide a model for Women's Social Activity (WSA) from the perspective of the Islamic Revolution. The research method was to analyze the content of Ayatollah Khamenei's views and the documents related to the research topic were coded in the form of basic themes, organizational themes and general themes. According to the research findings, it is possible to go beyond the traditional approach to WSA with women's employment and design another model for WSA that has three levels: the level of "employment activity", the level of "talent activity" and the level of "corrective activity". Occupational activity is mainly related to economic activity, talent activity is related to the flourishing and emergence of talents, and corrective activity is related to the sense of social responsibility towards society. In this approach, WSA exceeds the low level of employment, and at higher levels, women are called to social activity to realize their talents, as well as social activity to reform society and the world.

Mines in the production of wealth and employment are effective components and important in the growth and development of societies. Our country also has good potential. Developments in this area require a new approach to mining rights and exploitation. But for this important use of domestic and foreign investment capacities, we need legal support from domestic and foreign investors that expands the scope of private sector responsibility and has the necessary incentive to continue investing. The development of mining activities will increase employment and, consequently, reduce social harms. This paper is a qualitative research and library and documentary methods were used for collection. results show; Given the importance of the mining sector and its impact on the country's economic growth, it is necessary in the legislative field, given the ups and downs in jurisprudence and law, to attract domestic and foreign investors to maximize the country's mineral capacity and consequently increase employment and Reduce unemployment and reduce social harm.

The increase in the population of the country over the past decades and the increase in the supply of labor force against demand has made unemployment and employment a major issue under discussion in the national development programs. A significant proportion of workers in each country, especially in developing countries, are employed in rural areas. Meanwhile, the present study aims to design a sustainable employment pattern consistent with the meta employment policies stated by the Supreme Leader in the agricultural sector. The research is an exploratory mixed one, the qualitative data of which is gathered through experts' interviews and quantitative one is gathered by means of questionnaire from experts in the field, and they are analysed with Atlas Ti Software in the qualitative sector, and SPSS and Amos Software in the quantitative part. The findings led to the identification of the effective factors, underlying factors and intermediary factors, and ultimately the design of a sustainable employment pattern in the agricultural sector was fulfilled.

"Social policy" is a means of managing social risks and confronting the needs of particular classes. The support of groups such as "occuping mothers" who are experiencing specific and important needs due to their simultaneous roles in work and motherhood, are important and effective in relation to the family and the whole system, can be realized with this tool. An evaluation of the performance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in support of this group is essential and important in this research. In this regard, firstly, the social policies of Iran in the coordination of maternal and occupational roles are briefly described and then, using the method of analytical analysis and focusing on 170 reports published in five valid news agencies on how these policies are implemented, the purpose of the pathological analysis their implementation process has been followed. The three main lines of "obstacles to good implementation of targeted policies", "Consequences of non-implementation" and "strategies for improving the implementation process" were derived from the encoding of reports, and the final result is that, between the existing Iranian rules on maternity/employment and their implementation, there is the deep divide of existence. So that they are so diminished in the process of implementation that they are acting against their primary goals and that they increase discrimination, undermine social justice and worsen the status of weaker groups than employed mothers.

Some of the economic challenges in the border areas of South Khorasan are increasing rate of unemployment and employment status by itself. Due to the growing population، especially in urban areas، an analysis of employment areas in order to establish the optimal program development is a necessity. The Aim of the present paper is then to identify the employment status and to recognize the comparative advantage of Birjand county، based on Neo Classic، and Institutionalism and Neo Keynesian approaches، using economic models shift share and Location Quotient of major groups of employment in 1375، 1385 and 1390. This research is applicable and the method used here is of analytic - descriptive. Data was collected from literature studies and statistics including data of major groups of employment in the county of Birjand، South Khorasan province of Iran during the period under study. This study showed that in periods of economic growth in the county of Birjand (85-1375) was negative. But in the 85 to 1390 it has increased by about 3 times. The result model displays the ability to export in industrial sub-sections Including mining، water، electricity، gas، construction and financial services، particularly insurance، education، public affairs، so defense measures play an effective role in regional economic growth.

Migrant workers are ensured basic human rights as well as other rights with consideration to their vulnerable situation. These rights are guaranteed in universally accepted international instruments. Even though migrant workers are not citizens of the host countries, they are still entitled to their human rights and must be protected by the host country. Migrant workers are human beings who are not only entitled to human rights but deserve to have them protected. With the goal of better understanding the rights of migrant workers as per international law and to illustrate how these rights are actually being implemented, this paper describes their economic and social rights in theory and examines these rights in practice as enforced in two of the world’s top ten migrant hosting countries, namely Iran and the United States. The examination of two countries migrant policies allows for a better understanding of the challenges of today’s migrant workers and illustrates their vulnerability and allows for conclusions of the real situation of migrant workers and also recommendations on how to regulate better migrant policies in line with international human rights law. Migrant workers are treated as economic commodities and are sought out for their cheap labor. In Iran and the United States, they are met with different migrant policies and social attitudes; however, both countries need to revise and update their migrant policies to not only meet international standards but also present economic needs and developments.

Among the second generation rights of man--social and economic rights--one is the right to work which have been emphasized in international and regional documents and also in the constitutions of several states. From 1919 with the establishment of International Labour Organization different aspects of this right (like the right to have a job, prohibition against discrimination while employing and occupation, the right to have job security …) were internationally emphasized and from this angel it found its place in different legal systems in a way that today first generation rights (the right to life and prohibition of torture etc.) is not the focus of attention of human rights activists. On the other hand other rights like right to, prohibition of discrimination and other related rights have become the center of workers expectations and the subject of legal cases. In this regard the judgments of human rights courts and the European Court of Justice is an indication to this point. With the establishment of European Union in the continent of Europe as a regional organization, gradually a new legal system got shaped which today is called the European Union law system. This comprehensive and developed legal system includes a wide range of legal rules including human rights rules. Social and economic rights are in the center of attention of European institutions like Commission of Europe and Council of Europe. The council has approved different directives in which they have paid attention to right to work. For instance the directive on prohibition of discrimination in employing and occupation (2006), directive related to collective dismissal of workers in 1998, directive related to working hours (2006) are some of the examples of obligatory rules of European Union regarding the right to work. In the present article examining the legal rules of European Union regarding work, different issues are discussed in three parts. In the first part the concept of right to work and right to have access to work specially the right to set up a business and also access to job training opportunities have been discussed. In the second part prohibition of discrimination while employing and occupation and working condition and payments are discussed and different directives of the Union are explained and illustrated. In this way a comparison has been made between the system of prohibition of discrimination at European level and international level. In the third part the job security and issues like dismissal of workers and fixed period employment contracts in Europe have been discussed. In each part it has been tried to tally the European Union rules and international law rules to compare the level of European standards and international law.

The present study was aimed to help in developing a strategy for employment and entrepreneurship of Baseej using the environmental analysis method. The research methodology was, in terms of goal, descriptive, in terms of result, implicational and in terms of data, quantitative. The studied population included all managers and experts in employment, entrepreneurship and related issues in Baseej organization (nearly 70 people) whose opinion were totally counted. Also, since the aim of this study was to analyze the strategic status of Baseej organization in employment and entrepreneurship, we used SWOT method to analyze the data in order to achieve a SPACE graph as the final result. The results revealed that the current functional status of Baseej in this area was»conservative. «Although, it will be» invasive «in the future, the most important threat was» paling of values in Baseej «. With an average of 8. 11 points; the most significant weakness was» lack of data bank of job seeking Baseej members «with an average of 8 points; the most important opportunity was» paving the ground for employment of the youth «with an average of 8. 33 points, and the most significant strength was» possibility of providing financial resources for creating new jobs through Mehr financial and credit institute«with an average of 8. 11 points.

The move towards entrepreneurship is tantamount to activating the economical engine of the country which culminates in creating jobs, making an effective use of theresources and renewing the national life. Therefore, regardless of what and how the activity is to be conducted, the entire organizations do need it for the realization ofwhich they ought to try. This article tries to study the way Basi Organization enters the field of organizational entrepreneurship by presenting a strategic model of organizational entrepreneurship based on content variables in organizations. Off course, due to the fact that the native model is lacking in this regard, it tries to present the intendedmodel using a model based on background. For this purpose, it establishes a strategic relationship between organization environment, management style and structure, as well as organizational culture, and based on that, it begins to classify the specialized organizations of Basij under three types; namely idea maker, idea cultivator, and idea performer. On the other hand, the inclination towards entrepreneurship constitutes one of the factors that shape organizational entrepreneurship. Considering the remarkable commonalities between the determinants of Basiji culture and thought, and the determinants of entrepreneurship, these determinants are studied under three groups. Finally, the outcomes of the presented model lead to viability of the system, and enhancethe organizational performance. The conceptual model presented enjoys the capability of being counted as a basis for the entrance of the organization under study into the fieldof entrepreneurship.

As a dilemma, the crisis of unemployment affects the entire economical, cultural and social aspects of a society, which sometimes leaves irreparable consequences. Experience hasshown that this crisis and its social consequences do not have immediate ideological and moral solutions, nor is eliminating it in a comprehensive, integrated and short-term mannerpossible. Many countries consider entrepreneurship as one of the ways out of this crisis, paying special attention to it. As an institution formed by the body of people and organized in all fields, Basij can make a remarkable contribution to all individuals of the society in the field of entrepreneurship as part of the holy objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, specially on account of the fact that this institution has been well expanded among the entire sections of the society, and is highly committed to the ideals held by Islamic Republic of Iran. This article first introduces the concepts and parameters of entrepreneurship, and then sets out to explain the concepts, parameters and capabilities of entrepreneurship, and of developing business in the society by introducing the concepts of Basij with an emphasis on Imam Khomeini's and the Supreme Leader's guidelines. Now, the concepts of value and social entrepreneurship which are consistent with Basij's ideals have been emphasized more. In addition, after finally classifying the ranks of Basij, the present article presents the axes that have priority for the entrance of each of the specified ranks in the form of a matrix.

According to the problem of Iranian university graduate's unemployment,the main objective of this paper is explaining "knowledge-based entrepreneurship" as an efficient way to improve university graduate's employment. In this regard, at first, knowledge-based entrepreneurship concept, kinds, process, and its effective factors are analyzed and second, knowledge-based entrepreneurship effect on university graduate's employment is discussed. Consequently, knowledge-based entrepreneurship should be expanded in universities and industry higher education system should be changed so that it can educate them as entrepreneur,creative, and learners as well.