command

This research has been done with the aim of providing resilience features in future cyber command and control(C2).

The research method is descriptive with a qualitative and quantitative approach. In the qualitative part, data was collected by reviewing relevant and valid documents and interviewing experts familiar with the subject. These data were analyzed with the help of TI Atlas software and content analysis method. The index was calculated in two dimensions: adaptive resilience and resilient responsiveness. Indicators with a CVI greater than 0.79 were confirmed. In the quantitative part of these indicators, they were ranked using SPSS software and calculating the Friedman test, and the priority of features was determined to achieve resilience in future cyber C2.

Resilience in future cyber C2 is divided into two dimensions: adaptive resilience and resilient intelligence. 54 indicators were counted in two dimensions of adaptive resilience and the dimension of resilient response.

It is necessary to use automatic systems and artificial intelligence to achieve correct forecasting and updating the state of cyber resources. Actions such as monitoring threats, creating cyber mobility, not depending on a single system, and creating diversity in systems, will strengthen adaptive resilience. In the dimension of resilient response, it is important to isolate vulnerable resources, maintain operational continuity, analyze events, and divide responsibilities. Also, rapid repair and recovery using fallback, rebuild, or replacement strategies, and leveraging survivability engineering are essential to deal with cyber incidents.

The main goal of the current research is to explain the important components and indicators of Logistics and Support deputy in future wars, so it should be carefully addressed in peacetime so that the components and indicators that are less noticed should be done.

The previous research was mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) and it is practical in terms of its purpose. In the first questionnaire, the components and indicators were selected by 40 elites in the fields of preparation and support for future wars. Twenty-five elite people have determined the second important questionnaire of components and indicators in the third stage, which was extracted from the opinions of the elites in the second questionnaire, using the Express Choice software, a quantitative internal pairwise comparison between the components and indicators was carried out and finally it is graded.

The second questionnaire had six components and thirty-three were obtained, the paired comparison of six components was done with the software and the results were determined according to the numbers between each, the components are dynamic command, intelligence, purposefulness of systems, readiness. In addition, continuous freshness, quality of items and services, creativity in performance based on science and technology. In the next step, a pairwise comparison was made between 33 indicators, and as a result, according to the results, one characteristic and necessary prioritization has been done for each component.

The results of this research will provide the appropriate analysis to the country's military managers in order to obtain a road map for future wars. This research is about the most prioritized components and indicators of logistics and support, which need special attention during peace.

Military leadership and command is considered the main factor in the strength of military organizations. Therefore, calculating the coordinates of military leadership and command, and accordingly knowing the command structure can help in the correct appointment of commanders. In this regard, the aim of this research is to identify the concepts and categories of leadership and military command hidden in the thought of the Supreme Leader.

firstly , the concepts of leadership at the national level, military leadership, military behavior in future battles are explained. Then, relying on the principles of qualitative research method and using the grounded theory strategy, the coordinates of military leadership and command have been identified from the point of view of the Supreme Commander of the General Forces. Therefore, this research is applied in terms of purpose. Also, the research approach is inductive and in terms of research strategy, it is grounded theory-based

Based on the coding of His Holiness' statements from the beginning of his leadership until 1402, 51 concepts related to leadership and command were identified. In the Axial coding stage, these concepts were classified in the form of seven main categories under the titles of command characteristics, command foresight, command nature, command tasks, command importance, command leadership and command results.

Originality:

 The results of this research show that leadership and command have distinct coordinates, the use of which will make Aja one step closer to the implementation of the command appointment system.

In recent years, with the growth of information and communication technology, humanity has realized the functions of cyberspace in wars. Among these functions, it is mentioned that military organizations use cyberspace capacities in command and control in order to increase situational awareness. Situational awareness is one of the functions of the command and control centers, and the higher the level of this awareness, the more intelligence is provided to the operating forces under the cover of the command and control centers. In this research, several scenarios have been introduced by which the functions of command and control in cyberspace are determined. Commercial software and hardware are used in these scenarios. Finally, a proposed operational model of command and control inspired by the information capacities of cyber space is presented. This research is carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and it comes to the conclusion that due to the expansion of information and communication technology, using the capacity of cyber space leads to the networking of forces and equipment and connecting them to each other, increasing the scope of their operational coverage and implementing coordinated operations. and flexible with maximum situational awareness to meet the needs of the battlefield.

This study aims to identify the organizational responsibilities of managers in providing employees with “commands” and its related derivatives by examining the verses of the Holy Quran.

The methodology used in this study to explore the role of command in organizational culture in the light of the Holy Quran is the subjective research method within the Holy Quran. Hadiths, interpretive, translation, and lexical sources were also utilized to enrich the research. Thematic axes were designed, and the extracted concepts were organized under them.

Competent managers issue commands by assessing the situation and considering various conditions to ensure their successful implementation. These conditions include adherence to organizational rules and regulations, clear communication of rules and commands, continuous development and self-improvement of managers, fostering an organizational environment that resembles a family where managers pay attention to employees as if they were family members, implementing an employee meal plan, managing based on individual employee characteristics, encouraging organizational participation of employees, managing the organization with trust in God (a vital value that affects all managerial duties), and employing a system of encouragement and punishment.

The responsibilities of managers in commanding employees within organizations encompass three distinct phases: pre-commanding, commanding, and post-commanding, each involving various components.

Practical training of tactics and collective movements in the form of tactical exercises based on the unit combat doctrine is performed by a unit in order to increase and integrate technical and tactical skills of different components of the unit and prepares the unit to reach the level of intrinsic readiness defined in the unit readiness system. Missions and equipment, the presence of diverse geographical environments and types of threats double the need for tactical exercises. Paying attention to the components of command, control, planning and execution in the formulation and implementation of tactical artillery exercises in order to prevent waste and impose high costs on the organization and improve the quality of tactical exercises of artillery unit commanders with the harms of this program to optimize it. This research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The volume of the statistical sample is a full number and includes 73 experts in the field of artillery of ground force that a questionnaire with 27 items was distributed among them. Artillery and its reliability were calculated by Cronbach's alpha) 0.84). Baes on the results, "compilation of tactical exercises according to the training needs of staff" and "time of tactical exercises with regard to the geography of the region and the type of exercise" in the field of command and control and "preparation of tactical exercises in nine steps" and "organization for combat and Talent in accordance with the prepared plans "was identified as the most important injuries in order to optimize tactical exercises.

One of the issues that have always focused the minds of commanders in the implementation of law enforcement missions is the issue of planning, controlling operations and making decisions in the changing, unstable and ambiguous conditions of the future operations scene, considering the emergence of new technologies and threats, methods and the new titles are criminal. The quickening of the operational acceleration and the increase in the power of action, reaction and counteraction, which has taken place as a result of the development of technologies, makes the importance of decision-making in difficult situations based on an advanced and intelligent system of police command and control more visible and necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a smart police command and control model.

This research is of an applied type and from a methodological point of view, it is a qualitative research. The statistical community of the research was experts and activists in the field of command and control and senior police managers who were interviewed with fourteen experts who are currently serving as the deputy operations or the head of the command and control center in the general police command or the provinces. Purposive sampling was used until theoretical saturation was reached to control the number of participants.

In this research, 148 sub-categories, 38 main categories and 5 components (diagnosis, analysis, planning, promotion and influence) were extracted.

the detection stage of the command and control pattern is based on communication infrastructures, news systems and video surveillance, the analysis stage is based on information analysis, timely forecasting and timely decision-making, the planning stage is based on holding crisis management meetings, operational planning and operation management is, the promotion stage is based on sharing information, creating mobility and situational awareness in specialized police, and the impact stage is based on continuous improvement of the performance of each of the previous stages.

Command in an organization is a tool used by managers and leaders but determining how to do this is complicated. In this study, verses of the Holy Quran that dealt with the subject of commanding were examined and Prerequisites of effective and efficient command system were extracted in the organization. The methodology used in this study to better explain the role of command in organizational culture in the light of the Holy Quran is the subjective research method in the Holy Quran. Hadith, interpretive, translation and lexical sources were also used to enrich the research. Finally, the thematic axes were designed and the extracted concepts were placed under them. The role of command in organizational culture based on holy Quran can be summarized in three categories: 1) Command Preparations 2) Command symmetries 3) Command pursuits that each of them has its own conditions for the successful implementation of the command system in the organization that in this research, the prerequisites for command have been stated.

One of the concerns in military organizations is how to train and grow your command and manage, this point is important when the mission of protection and protection from Kian Islamic Revolution is as the main task of an organization The necessity of comprehensive and complete recognition of effective figures, especially in military collections and the transfer of their functional styles and practices, in command and management of their subset, is very important. This research aims to identify the dimensions and components of Shahid Mehdi Bakri's command and management components to review documents including books, articles, interviews, reports and ... about martyrs, then using the theme analysis strategy to 235 basic themes, 9 Organizing themes and 3 comprehensive themes. Organic themes include 'spiritual character', 'moral virtues,' 'strong, effective personality', 'Hassan Tadbir in Management and Command', 'Manager', 'Jihadist', 'Agent', 'responsibility and pain' , 'Is an enrichment and tolerance with prison' and ultimately proportional to the three dimensions of individual, organizational and meta-organization as inclusive themes.

The Holy Defense, as one of the historical periods that ended with the victory of the Iranian nation, has lessons and teachings that should be studied by researchers and become a model and theory. Commanding style of commanders is one of the important aspects of that period that has been considered in the present study. Twenty commanders of the Holy Defense were studied in a library method, considering the diversity of command positions, reputation, and the availability of resources. The obtained documents were coded and analyzed with a qualitative approach and content analysis method, and after validation in two stages, four styles of jihadi command were identified in the commanders of that time: "Creative consequentialism (focusing on the goal based on intelligence)", "Authoritarian consequentialism (attention to the goal based on authority)", "Wise staffing (attention to forces based on intelligence)" And "strong support (focusing on force based on authority)."

The purpose of this study was a comparative study of command styles in the police of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia, Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The research method is comparatively case-based. For this purpose, it focused only on the studies of the last 10 years. For this reason, several researches were extracted by reviewing the websites of the studied countries. After studying them and eliminating irrelevant or less relevant items, 38 researches (articles, dissertations or research projects) were selected and became the basis of qualitative comparative study.

Based on research conducted in the police of the studied countries, the results showed that transformational leadership styles, integrated (transformational and exchange), active leadership and role modeling, ethical leadership, participatory leadership (relationship oriented) and situational leadership with many positive organizational consequences Were in a relationship; While leadership styles of non-intervention (passive / avoidance) and authoritarianism were associated with increasing negative consequences in the organization.

Based on the total results, firstly, transformational leadership style and secondly, integrated leadership style (transformational leadership style and exchange with each other) had the most research support in terms of leading to positive.

This research seeks to provide a model for implementing knowledge management in the command-and-control system, and has identified the dimensions of the issue by a thorough research on "knowledge management" and "command and control". If this phenomenon does not occur, tacit knowledge will not become explicit knowledge and in general, decisions and experiences that are the philosophy of knowledge management will not be used in decision-making, command and management. In this research, while using data-based theorizing, the interviews were conducted with 10 experts (who are experts, thinkers, graduates and employees of key positions related to the subject). In open coding, 148 related statements were extracted. In the axial coding stage, it was divided into 21 categories and in the selected coding, 8 general dimensions were extracted and the final research model was designed. This model includes 6 vital steps in the command-and-control system namely: collection, storage, aggregation, data mining, analysis and processing, and decision making, as well as 7 dimensions of knowledge management cycle namely: knowledge collection, knowledge validation, knowledge aggregation, data knowledge mining, knowledge processing and analysis, knowledge decision making and knowledge feedback.

In today's world, development is next to the insecurity. In order to achieve security and meet the developmental needs of the society in future, the conscious and effective presence of the armed forces in various fields, especially in the field of defense, is essential. Therefore, establishing the armed forces organization based on the teachings of Imam Ali behavior in managing the affairs is very important. Imam Ali, who is considered to be the greatest commentator on the Qur'an and religious teachings after the Holy Prophet, has valuable statements in Nahj al-Balagha, focusing on the original teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah, in explaining the components of defense readiness of command and military management with emphasis on human capital. Therefore, this research has identified and analyzed these components by the qualitative content analysis method in order to recognize the true place of them in Nahj al-Balagha. Thus, by meticulous studying of Nahj al-Balagha, 147 conceptual codes were discovered and by combining related concepts, finally 16 components were formed. Then, these components were calculated in terms of frequency and percentage of relative and cumulative frequency of their constituent concepts. Finally, in human capital components, "piety" and "criticism" with frequency of 10.9 and 2.1 percent has the highest and lowest frequency in compare to other components in the words of Imam Ali, respectively.

The holy prophet of Islam (PBUH) counteracted the numerical and equipment superiority of the enemy by applying new military tactics and performing a careful command and management. This study is aimed at investigating the military tactics applied in the management and command system of the prophet Muhammad in various wars. Given the nature of this subject and in the process of answering the main question of this applied research (regarding the military principles and tactics used in the management and command system of the holy prophet), a descriptive-analytical method was employed for investigation. Research tools for data collection contained library and documentary method and internet resources. An analysis of the research question helps to find a clear answer leading to a number of military principles and tactics used by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in wars. The results indicated that four important factors in the management and command of the prophet of Islam played significant roles in his victory in the wars: 1- applying a variety of principles and tactics in war; 2- creativity and innovation in wars; 3- preparation and training combat techniques to the army; and 4- organizing the troops and equipment in the battles.

Proper use of command and control center systems in police stations and police stations can provide a suitable decision-making in order to perform police missions optimally by providing a crime model. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the skill injuries of police chiefs and checkpoints in using the command and control center systems.

The present study is a mixed research in terms of applied purpose and approach. In the qualitative part, the data were collected by the focal method using the interview technique and in the quantitative part by the survey method using a questionnaire. Sixteen experts were interviewed by snowball method until theoretical saturation. The statistical population in a small part consisted of 95 employees of the Special Disciplinary Command of East Tehran Province. The data were analyzed in the qualitative part using content analysis technique and in the quantitative part in order to determine the gap between the current and desired status of the identified categories, using one-sample and paired t-test.

In the analysis of the findings of the qualitative section, 9 sub-categories were identified for each category and a total of 27 sub-categories were identified. The findings of the quantitative section also indicate that in the current situation, with 2.52 percent and at a significant level of 0.01, the average skill readiness of police chiefs and special police command posts in the east of Tehran province in using the command and control center systems is significantly lower than It is the expected limit. And among the dimensions of skill, the behavioral dimension with 2.75, the structural dimension with 2.47 and the contextual dimension with 2.35 percent are significantly lower than expected.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the current situation of structural, behavioral and background skills of police chiefs and police stations in the east of Tehran province in using the command and control center systems is not appropriate and is significantly different from the desired situation.

Undoubtedly, Command is the core of the armed forces. Command is the most important factor in maintaining the viability and success of a military organization and playing a vital role in its growth, development and progress. This study aims to explain the model of command and management in Imam Ali's point of view, which should always be considered by policymakers and commanders of defense organizations as a moral and Islamic model. The qualitative method and content analysis strategy were used accordingly. The research data were analyzed using Maxqda qualitative analysis software. In qualitative results of the study 66 sub-themes were extracted from Nahj al-Balagheh based on Imam Ali's statements about the commanders and their characteristics, that were categorized into 9 categories of Command Manners, Military Ethics, Personality Criteria, Military Selection, rights of the military men, Combat Practices, Leadership, Military rights over the rulers, and Command Selection.

The command and control system contribute to the creation of variety of networks, the centralized and the decentralized, in armies throughout the world so that they could manage and command them in sync at the time of either war or peace. This system is designated to procure efficient cooperation, fellowship and concordance among defense and attack armed forces with the current capacity and capabilities. The researchers delve into explanations of command patterns and air control in future wars with the help of applied and developing studies (decision making research and value creation) and  with mixed methods in population of 50 people, it aims at addressing the question of what factors involved in command patterns and air control. The findings, command and control, monitoring, computers and communication, electronic and recognition information, are extracted with 31 sub-components in response to the command patterns and air control in future wars.

Any military action or operation, regardless of the executive section, requires command and control over it. Increasing the speed, accuracy and breadth of the operation area, the interference of human factors and technological constraints have greatly grown the complexity of command and control systems; on the other hand, the uncertainty and complexity of the operation scene makes it difficult to use traditional information analysis methods. This study aims to determining the components and indicators of command and control of the combat organization in future wars. In this applied- developmental research, the method of data gathering is survey, descriptive-analytic. Based on the type of data needed, it is a mixed method research. In this study, a valid and reliable questionnaire (validated by experts and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha 0.85) conducted among 32 participants selected among from 110 people. In the results, normal distribution of data, correlation coefficients and factor loading coefficients of the components and indices of command and control determined. The components of command and control are decisive command with 3 indices, simple schemes and instructions with 2 indices, constant communication with 3 indices and instantaneous information with 4 indices. Constant communication with mean (7.65) comes in the first, decisive commander with mean (7.44) comes in the second, instantaneous information with mean (5.99) comes in the third place and simple schemes and instructions with mean (5.41) comes in the forth.

In the futures century, it's impossible to imagine a world without air travel. every day airlines bring millions of passengers and goods between different countries and cities. in this process, the safety of flying airplanes has particular importance. different countries require advanced detection systems to identify their aerospace care for all flight targets. In many countries, the discovery process takes place using a variety of radars, and the identification process is carried out in a number of different ways, mainly by individuals specializing in spatial control centers, the main drawback of the current methods is the probability of occurrence of human decision making errors. therefore, it seems that considering the predictions and the increasing trend of air traffic, it is necessary to design fuzzy decision making and artificial intelligence software systems that can be used as decision makers in decision making in this area. accordingly, in this paper, using existing data as training, testing, validation and training information in the environment of the Tacachi-Sugeno interface fuzzy algorithm in MATLAB software environment, an optimal model for detection and identification processes is presented by the proposed system. the most important result of this study is to improve the detection and proper action of the flight targets by approximately 20%. given that the proposed algorithm has the ability to learn and predict trends due to the use of the knowledge base, it will be wider to apply in future missions.