export development

This research was conducted with the goal of meta-analysis on the effect of government education costs and tax burden on the development of high-tech products exports in Iran. The research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method, quantitative in terms of data type, and based on meta-analysis method in terms of data processing. The studied community includes articles and researches published in reputable scientific journals in the field of research, especially the development of high-tech products exports in the period of 2005 to 2022 AD, which is done using the purposeful sampling method and considering Screening criteria 35 researches entered the meta-analysis process as selected studies. Data and information collection tools include receipts, notes, using checklists and tables. The reliability of the effect sizes of the variables extracted from the selected studies was obtained by examining the significance level and T-statistics in the meta-analysis method. To analyze the data, the statistical indicators of the meta-analysis method and related software were used. The results of the research showed that the effect sizes of the government's educational expenses and the tax burden on the development of the export of high-tech products are equal to 0.518 and 0.483, respectively, in which the government's educational expenses have the greatest effect. Is. Also, according to the findings of the research, the overall effect size of both components on the development of the export of high-tech products is equal to 0.647, which is significant at the level (P<0.05).

Ports, as trade distribution centers and transportation networks, play a significant role in the development of the national economy. Bandar Anzali, with its strategic position in northern Iran, is considered a crucial point for accessing the Eurasian markets.  This study aims to formulate entrepreneurial strategies for developing port clusters to promote Bandar Anzali to a third-generation port and integrate it into the global grain value chain. Data were collected through a combination of documentary and field research. Purposeful sampling was used to select 18 industrial, organizational, and academic experts with experience in port clusters and the export of processed grain industries. The qualitative data analysis, using the layered causal analysis method, revealed that the factors influencing entry into the global value chain were categorized into four layers: 10 factors in the tangible layer, 8 factors in the structural and systemic layer, 5 factors in the beliefs and discourse layer, and 4 factors in the symbolic and metaphorical layer. Based on these findings, strategies for transitioning from the current state were proposed, categorized into five key areas: financial-tax, educational-promotional, diplomatic-cultural, infrastructural-technological, and legal-regulatory. The breadth of these strategies indicates that merely providing financial support to businesses is insufficient, and attention must be paid to a broader range of aspects. The proposed approach can assist managers in designing a realistic export vision, especially in the agricultural sector, and prevent the formation of economic rents.

Exports have become very important as an internationalization strategy in international markets, and the help of cooperatives to develop the country's non -oil exports is one of the most important activities and programs of the cooperative sector. The purpose of the present study is to identify support measures for export development in the cooperative sector. The research is of qualitative type and data was compiled in 2023 through interviews with 15 experts and elites of the border cooperatives and analyzed using MAXQDA a software. According to the findings of the research, appropriate platforms with sovereignty measures and support, cooperative capacity building, supply logistics (marketing/distribution/sales/packaging/advertising), improving national brand status, empowerment of cooperatives, networking and facilitating network governance in the cooperative sector Increasing influence and survival in export and formal marketing and e -commerce export and export markets were identified as strategies for export development in the cooperative sector.

Today, export and effective presence in the global economy is a basic need for the economic growth of any country. Internationalization has been defined as a reflection of the interests and enthusiasm of entrepreneurs to operate based on the opportunities available in foreign markets. Taking advantage of the competitive advantage in the new market, increasing income, access to new technologies and shortening the communication channels between the customer and the market are among the advantages of internationalization, which, of course, require overcoming many existing obstacles, especially the existing cognitive distance between origin and destination countries. On the other hand, one of the important features of today's world is the cultural diversity in different nations and societies, which also affects different dimensions of business success. In such an environment, the presence of people who have the ability to deeply understand different cultures and communicate effectively is one of the most important requirements for the success of companies in the field of export. Among the necessary competencies of entrepreneurs to be present in the international arena is benefiting from the ability to understand the external environment, which is called “cultural intelligence”. The main goal of this research is to identify and conceptually explain the dimensions of cultural intelligence of international entrepreneurs and export managers, and as a result, to provide a solution to strengthen cultural intelligence in international business interactions. In fact, in this research, the process of strengthening the cultural intelligence of companies in the process of internationalization has been explored and conceptualized in order to determine how companies succeed in achieving more success in international business by exploiting the cultural intelligence of their employees. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and export experts with education and experience related to international interactions. Key points and points of view were obtained from each interview, and the content of each interview was a guide to improve the next interview. According to the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews with the method of grounded theory in this research, we managed to explain a concept suitable for the context of the country of the factors effective in cultural intelligence in international business. The results show that the cultural intelligence of people depends on several factors. It depends that identifying and understanding them is necessary to reach a suitable solution to strengthen cultural intelligence in Iranian individuals and companies. Meanwhile, some factors directly and some indirectly affect the central category of the research, which is the cultural intelligence of people. By analyzing the data based on the theory development method through three stages of coding keywords and screening from general sentences to concepts and then clarifying the categories, key categories were calculated. The final categories were separated in the form of three causal, contextual and environmental categories in order to better determine the impact of each on the cultural intelligence of people. The paradigm model shows the flow of processes and activities that happened in the context of the study. The purpose of the model extracted in this research is to strengthen cultural intelligence in international business interactions. The research model obtained using final categories shows that personality traits and family background as causal and contextual categories directly affect the central phenomenon (cultural intelligence and international interactions), as well as economic stability and the level of relationships. Iran's commercial and political relations with foreign countries as an environmental category affect the central phenomenon and the adopted strategies. It can be concluded that paying attention to the selection of suitable people with a high degree of cultural intelligence by companies and also providing necessary cultural training are two main strategies to strengthen cultural intelligence and strengthen the export power of each company. The structure of categories affecting cultural intelligence based on research findings is elaborated. Causal categories are conditions and individual characteristics that have a direct impact on the central phenomenon of the research. Creativity, extroversion, attention and follow-up, desire for adventure, are four elements that each lead a person to experience a new space and start a new job. Also, appropriate strategies to strengthen cultural intelligence in Iranian companies applying for export were explained. An important strategy to improve and enhance the level of cultural intelligence among Iranian entrepreneurs is to create an interactive and open environment for the presence of foreign companies in Iran. The second strategy is to hold training and counseling sessions for companies and entrepreneurs in the export phase to familiarize themselves with the categories and requirements needed in relations with other nations and cultures. The third strategy is specific to government managers and exporting companies who, in addition to improving their cultural intelligence, should pay special attention to their personality, knowledge and international experience in order to employ individuals in export and interactive fields.

The purpose of research was to provide a model for the development of the export of Nano products of knowledge-based companies active in the construction field.The present study is a mixed research design.In the first stage, a qualitative study was conducted and by examining the studies conducted in the field of the topic and in-depth interviews with the managers of knowledge-based companies, data was collected and the grounded theory method was used to code and categorize and present the model.The second stage of the study was quantitative and structural equation modeling.The data collected from the researcher-made questionnaire was evaluated using Smart PLS software.After evaluating the internal and external studies, qualitative questions were asked to the statistical population using exploratory interviews, and theoretical saturation was achieved after 15 interviews.The results of GT showed that the export development model knowledge-based products includes 97 open codes,17 core codes and 6 selective codes.In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 97 items was provided to 217 CEOs, sales managers, experts, and marketing experts of knowledge-based companies.The SEM results revealed that the significance coefficient of the t-statistic related to the relationship between the main variables "causal conditions and central phenomenon, "contextual conditions, intervening conditions, and central phenomenon and strategies," and "strategies and consequences" was more than 1.96 .This indicated the significance of the effect of the relationship between "causal conditions and central phenomenon," "contextual conditions, intervening conditions, central phenomenon and strategies," and "strategies and consequences."Therefore, all six selective codes were identified as the main variables.

The sanctions imposed on the country’s oil industry in recent years, the problems facing the sale of crude oil and its products, and the decrease in market share and income from it at the regional and international levels have increased attention to the development of the export of oil products and derivatives. The current research aims to provide a model for the development of oil products export. This research is of a qualitative type, using the data approach of the systematic foundation and with the help of the hidden content analysis tactic, and to collect data with 14 experts of the country’s oil industry who participated in this study with a non-probability approach and the form of a snowball with a specific protocol. An in-depth interview was conducted. Data analysis was done in three stages open, central, and selective coding with the help of MaxQDA20 software and then the qualitative research model was designed. Based on the research findings, the main category is the development of the export of petroleum products. The causal conditions in this research were political factors, economic factors, unfavorable positions, and attention to the importance of the export development of petroleum products. Background conditions include infrastructural factors of product production, financial resources, business environment, organizational factors, and product quality. Intervening conditions also include government, marketing research, competitors, management knowledge, marketing system, technological factors, training, advertising, and administrative procedures. The strategies include abandoning the idea of selling crude oil, revising the strategies of the oil industry, reducing the government’s involvement in the export of petroleum products, making the decision-making structures of export development more agile, supporting the private sector, managing fuel consumption in the country, facilitating the government in the financing, and developing refineries. and petro-refineries through people’s capital, paying attention to new marketing methods, reducing export profits from the sale of crude oil, and finally, the consequences include reducing dependence on crude oil revenues, reducing the effects of sanctions, reducing dependence on global economies, increasing foreign exchange earnings, Creating higher added value, reducing the possibility of monitoring transactions, growing technology in the country, improving business relations with the region and increasing employment.

Entering export markets allows companies to make more income and take advantage of economies of scale. Benefits of entering international and export markets include accessibility to several different markets for product sales, resources, opportunities in global target markets, business development, etc. Currently, the main problem of developing countries is the dependence of their economy on the export of raw materials, which leads to adverse effects on various structures in the country. Hence, many of these countries have distanced themselves from single-product oil and focused on several non-oil fields for the diversification of their export. In this regard, non-oil exports compose one of the important and influential areas of a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through various channels. This issue is of great importance in the case of Iran because this country is constantly faced with the destructive effect of petroleum-based revenue instability as a result of international political and economic issues. Additionally, oil sanctions have mainly made problems for Iran since they have been influential on macroeconomic indicators due to their dependence on oil revenues. This study aims to investigate the dimensions and components of nano-product export development of knowledge-based companies in the construction industry. For this purpose, the results and findings of the previous research are systematically evaluated and analyzed through the qualitative research approach and meta-synthesis tools, including seven steps. The concept of export development of nano products of knowledge-based companies in the construction industry has been identified and classified into 6 dimensions, 17 components, and 97 indicators.

According to the problems in the specific characteristics, knowledge and technology improve the position of a country by using the production of new products. Therefore, it is clear that the innovative activities of innovative and knowledge-based businesses can be increased because the production of these businesses is done at a low cost and puts the country in a better competitive position than its commercial business competition. Today, the importance of non-oil exports, including the export of high-tech products (e.g. nano products) is not hidden from anyone. Looking at the studies, we can see that no research has been conducted to identify the factors affecting the development of the export of nanotechnology products for Iran, and only the effect of the factors affecting the total value of the export of high-tech products in different countries has been investigated. Also, in past studies, the discussion of nanotechnology products of the construction industry has not been discussed, while the current focus of the special Nano headquarters is on the export of products of this industry. As a result, considering the existence of research gaps, in this study, factors affecting the development of the export of nanotechnology products of knowledge-based companies in the construction industry in order to provide an export development model have been identified and the relevant model is designed and tested. Therefore, this study aims to design a model for the development of Nano products of knowledge-based companies active in the field of construction. 

For the purpose of the present study, a systematic evaluation of the results and findings of previous studies has been done using qualitative research and meta-composite tools that include seven steps. In this method, by searching the keywords of discovery, development, Nano products, knowledge-based companies, and construction industry in various databases, 2151 studies were found in the period 2003 to 2021 (1389 to 1399 AH). Of these, 1468 works in terms of the title, 429 works in terms of the abstract, and 199 works in terms of the text were not consistent with the purpose and questions of this research. Therefore, these works were left out and only 55 works that were in the field of nanomaterials development of knowledge-based companies active in the field of construction and were in line with the purpose and questions of the present research both in terms of title and content, were analyzed by meta-composite method. The presentation of the model was selected. 

In the end, according to the obtained results, a model or pattern can be designed, a framework can be presented, the results can be provided in a tabular format, or they can be presented in other creative forms according to the researcher's creativity. Of course, all these cases can be cited if the validity and reliability are measured and confirmed. After confirming the validity and reliability of the research, the results were presented in the form of the foundation's data theory model. By studying and carefully examining the finalized sources, the developed model of Nano products of knowledge-based companies in the construction industry in the form of 6 dimensions was provided. The dimensions include causal factors, background factors, intervening factors of social phenomena, strategies, and messages. Then, 17 components including 1) growth, 2) management factors, 3) effective factors in economic resources and facilities, 4) communication, 5) political-government factors, 6) social factors, 7) cultural factors, 8) organizational factors, 9) government laws and administrative system, 10) design, 11) financial and internal issues, 12) international strategies, 13) market building strategies, 14) all-round support strategies, 15) economic strategies, 16) economic and value creation, 17)  and economic consequences were presented. 

Qualitative research, with all its benefits, comes with weaknesses such as generalizability and validity. Therefore, in order to increase the generalizability of the present study, it is necessary for researchers to evaluate the above model in other high-risk industries. In addition, the quantitative approach of structured equations can be used to evaluate the validity of the model and develop the generalizability of the model findings. It is also recommended that researchers address the challenges of implementing the proposed framework. Regarding foreign direct investment, improving the country's business and competitive environment is recommended, both from the perspective of the macro-economic environment (improvement of macro-economic indicators such as reducing inflation, greater interaction with the outside world, etc.) and the micro-environment. Increasing the efficiency of institutions involved in the business environment, eliminating unnecessary processes, and reducing costs caused by administrative bureaucracy (processes) are necessary for the flow of foreign capital. It is also necessary to determine and provide facilities and strong commercial incentives and guarantees in order to attract foreign investment in the field of knowledge-based industries with nanotechnology.

Examining the export trend of the country's plastics industry shows a significant decline. The NIPC, as the custodian of policy-making in the field of production, support and disinfection, undertook complications and strategic planning in this field. Scientific decision regarding the selection of the appropriate export development strategy for the plastics industry and the determination of the relative priority of each in order to eliminate the challenges of the export development of this industry is of special importance. The purpose of this article is to prioritize and analyze the sensitivity of declining factors and strategies to promote the export of the country's plastic industry by using AHP. The present research is an applied and descriptive-survey case study. The statistical population includes the effective export managers of the plastics industry who were selected by random sampling of 30. The results showed that the challenges of "product price fluctuations" and "lack of interaction with large foreign buyers" have the highest impact with impact coefficients of 0.631 and 0.197, respectively. The results of GSA of these two challenges indicate a positive effect on the strategy of "creating the necessary conditions for the facilitation of free trade (regional-international)" in solving them. The results of the SA of the total challenges showed that the NIPC, in order to meet the five challenges in the field of plastics industry exports, should pay the most attention to "creating the necessary conditions for facilitating free trade". Efforts to "organize export clusters", "efficient use of ICT" to pursue more seriously.

The present research has a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The grounded theory in the qualitative part and the ISM method in the quantitative part have been used as research method. The research tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. 18 academic experts, export experts, managers and experts of the studied companies who were sampled by snowball method are used for qualitative participants’ part. 11 industry and university experts’ opinions have been used to prioritize the factors in the quantitative part, through the formation of a structural interactive matrix. The research period is from 2015 to 2020. The qualitative parts are analyzing the interview data, the  resistive export development as a central category; Causal conditions include economic foresight, export supports and realization of resistance economy macro policies; intervening conditions include business diplomacy, economic sanctions and government role-playing; underlying factors include technological and up-to-date production, competitive organizational atmosphere, efficient supply chain logistics and dynamic employee participation; strategies include a strategic export-oriented marketing document developing, empowerment of scholarly human capitals, architecture of business negotiations and business intelligence; results include competitiveness improvement, economic resilience, economic growth and prosperity of production and employment. Factors were drawn on six levels in the quantitative part. Findings show that the factor of economic sanctions conditions and the government role-playing as the most important and influential factors and factors of economic growth, prosperity of production and employment and economic resilience are recorgnized as the most dependent factors in the development of dairy exports.

Although high-tech export has a small share of non-oil exports, however it's share has decreased from 1.6% in 1390 to 0.6% in 1396. These goods are among high value-added products which can significantly help the economic development of the country. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the causes of the mentioned issue  and the strategies for addressing that. Considering the research objective, this is an applied study conducted using a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) in two phases. The data were collected by means of survey. In the qualitative phase, the fundamental criteria affecting the export of high-tech goods were identified and classified using a theme analysis method. A total of 14 experts in the area of export development in high-tech industry were interviewed and the most important criteria were extracted. In order to identify and screen the sub-criteria affecting the export development of high-tech goods, Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was used. In the second phase of the research, the questionnaires were distributed among knowledge-based companies and the obtained results were tested using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In the qualitative and quantitative phases, the data were analyzed using MAXQDA and SMARTPLS software, respectively. The results of the research indicate that “export promotion and development policies’’ and “trade facilitation” have the highest influence and “market access” has the lowest influence on the export development of high-tech products. Therefore, the supply-side factors are more important than the demand-side factors

Banks have the role of financial and service institutions and they have a decisive role in the circulation of money and wealth. These institutions have a special place in the Iranian economy. Also, Banks have the role of financial intermediation in order to meet the financial needs of production and commercial units. The method of this study is foundation data type, in terms of applied purpose, qualitative data and also in terms of research method. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part is composed of all experts and managers of the Export Development Bank of Iran in 2020. In analyzing the data of this study, we used SPSS and AMOS software. The results of this study indicate that there are influential factors in the organizational resilience model including: 1- causal factors (communication expansion, Resistive economy, Clarification of rules and management empowerment), 2- Interaction strategies (intra-organizational planning, service quality development and effective organizational strategy), 3- Interventionist conditions (government support and Setting monetary and fiscal policies), and 4- Underlying factors (Organizational partnership, empowering human resources and employee satisfaction). However, we analyzed the factors affecting organizational resilience in the face of sanctions and ultimately this model led to the organization

This research is a descriptive correlational study in terms of applied purpose and in terms of research method, because in addition to describing the current situation, it tests hypotheses in terms of prediction-based relationships and seeks to determine the effectiveness of each variable using  It is a linear regression test and because its results can be used in export companies of West Azerbaijan province, it is of practical type.  The statistical population of this research is all managers of export companies in West Azerbaijan province.  The total number of companies is 108 companies.  Due to the fact that the size of the statistical population is limited and specific, Morgan table was used to determine the sample size, according to which 85 companies were selected as the sample size.  The sampling method used in this research is simple random sampling method.  In this research, the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire.  SPSS software was used to analyze the data of this research.  The results indicate that many factors have a positive effect on the design of intelligent systems of management decisions in international marketing and export development of West Azerbaijan province.

This study aims to integrate the two areas of study, namely mental models and perceived barriers to export. Based on the theory of mental models, the present study seeks to increase the richness of the perception of the experiences and perceived meanings of managers of Iranian dairy product companies on the barriers to export development. On the other hand, identifying managers’ mental model and determining the most important barriers to export in each mental model can be considered a guideline for export policymakers to plan according to the existing mental models and provide solutions for export development.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes chief executives in business, sales and export departments of dairy product companies. Semi-structured interviews based on phenomenological approaches and projective techniques have been used to collect data. Using the theoretical sampling method, chief managers of twelve dairy product companies were the interviewed in order to reach saturation. To ensure data validity and reliability, revie participants’ reviews and multidisciplinary approaches were used through interviews with different groups of participants. Theme analysis and Maxqda 10 software were used to analyze the data.

The ultimate model of the study included the following six mental models of barriers to export: 1) market-oriented model: this mental model is made up of the sub-themes of "not being brand-centered", "poor marketing status" and "lack of competitive advantage". This mental model has been the most prevalent mental model among the managers; 2) government-oriented model: this mental model is made up of the sub-themes of "poor governmental support", "poor governmental policymaking " and "poor governmental interaction "; 3) resource-oriented model: this mental model consists of four sub-themes of "poor company updating", "production capability", "financing problem" and "lack of government lobbies"; 4) profit-oriented model: this mental model consists of three sub-themes of "profit-oriented attitude", "lack of global export prospects", and "undesirable image of the country"; 5) infrastructure oriented model: this mental model is made up of the sub-themes of "economic instability", "poor transport infrastructure" and "country backwardness"; and 6) institutional-oriented model: this mental model focuses on companies’ conflict with Iranian organizations in the process of export and includes two sub-themes of "administrative complexities of the export process", and "tax burden and customs tariffs".

Given the importance of the role of mental models and managerial perceptions in decision making, including decisions about the company’s export activities, one must first identify the managers’ mental model of export in order to have a proper understanding and analysis of export behaviors. In terms of frequency, market-oriented, government-oriented, and resource-oriented mental models were identified as the three leading mental models in dairy product companies, respectively. According to the managers participating in this study, Iranian dairy products do not have a competitive advantage in inter-regional markets in terms of quality, price, product variety, and packaging. Although changing the attitudes of managers and investors is necessary to expand the company’s export activities, it is not enough to help grow and develop the export of dairy products in international markets. The government-oriented mental model, identified as the second dominant mindset in dairy product companies, highlights the important role of government policy making and support in creating or removing export barriers. In this mental model, the government must provide an appropriate platform for export development.

This article entitled" A Study to Design and Explain Export Development Model in Iran`s free Zones " is apart of a research report aimed at assessing the direct and indirect effects of export-development programs, imposed by the government, as well asinternal and external environmental factors on the exporting performance of exporter firms.
Explanatory-mixed method approach was employed to identify and explainExport Development Model in Iran`s Free Zones. We extracted the main and secondary factors affecting the export development and related indicators after conducting in-depth interviews with 14 Free zone experts,using qualitative content analysis, applying open and axial coding techniques. Statistical techniques were administered to confirm the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The final questionnaire was distributed among 210 active economic firms in Free zones. Lisrel 8.54 was employed to evaluate the final model.
In the proposed model, we managed to extract 79 indicators (2 main factors and 8 secondary factors) for the export development. Therefore, the authors obtained a tested theoretical modelwith comprehensive nativecharacteristics. In this model, some indicators were taken into account such as micro-environmental characteristics, macro-environmentcharacteristics, FZ export structure, resources, organizational capabilities, managerial capabilities and competencies, competitive strategy, and export marketing strategy,Export value, growth of export volume and export market share within two main factors (environment and company).

The paper aim is to answer this question we have tried to answer this question that which appropriate pattern should be used in order to develop the export of decorative stone to China. The elected method for achieving this goal is a compound (the connection of data) method, which at first stage used the qualitative method of interviewing 15 key managers of the stone Industry of Iran and resulted in recognition of 64 effective factors on the development of export in the framework of 5 principal and 12 subsidiary factors. Then by utilizing the quantitative measurement method, a questionnaire was designed for the examination of the importance and effects of all the discovered factors, which was handed to the statistical society of exporter agencies including around 42 agencies. We used the real data of Dollar value growth and export tonnage volume and growth of the share of China market between1390 to 1392. Therefore 42 companies, which had continuous export to china during these 3 years, were elected and the information gained from this questionnaire related with the managing directors of the companies, as the legal persons, were analyzed. The results show that the capability and worthiness of management, capabilities of export marketing, export knowledge, quarry ownership and costume duties and rights have the most to least importance in the development of export of decorative stone to china. Also from the results achieved from the the PLS were meaningful and matched with the statistical society and the variables such as the capability of export marketing, capability and worthiness of management, capabilities of export marketing, export knowledge, quarry ownership and costume duties and rights have the most to least effect on the export function of these companies.

Internationalization of commerce and globalization of markets have become common in the recent decade. Companies try to sell their products all over the world and maximize their profits. Export development is a way to internationalize companies' activities. With export, companies can offer their products in external markets with the least involvement in local markets
The present research aims at evaluation of factors influencing on export development in SMEs in Ardebil Province, Iran and tries to investigate the influence of factors like:competition in internal market, company size, products packaging, manager's skill in destination country language and elimination of procedural obstacles on export development. Its methodology is applied, in terms of its goal and it is a descriptivecorrelation research in terms of data collection method. Its statistical population included active companies situated in Ardebil industrial estates (264 companies) and 157 companies were elected as sample size by means of Morgan table and simple random sampling. Data collection was done by a questionnaire which was prepared using previous studies and researcher's opinions and its validity and reliability was verified. Chronbach's alpha was used to investigate the questionnaire's reliability (alpha=0.7) and structural equations modeling method was used to analyze data. verification factor analysis was used to show that competition in internal market, company size, products packaging, manager's skill in destination country language and elimination of procedural barriers have influence on export development and the influence is significant and positive.

Nowadays international commerce plays a significant role in economic development in different countries and considered as the main engine of economic growth and excellence. Because of this importance، export development is one of the main strategic focuses in Iran’s macro policies and decisions. However، identification and elimination of export barriers is a pre-step for the efficiency and effectiveness of export development plans and programs. Removing these obstacles not only leads to exporters profitability and country’s economic growth، but also motivates more investment in this area of business which together results in economic development، employment، international position consistency and etc. The main aim of this article is to determine export barriers in Ilam province. Because of its geographic location and access to new emerging markets in neighbor countries، Ilam has a great potential for using environmental opportunities. In this article، by exploring the export barriers literature، an appropriate model is developed، while exporters and experts’ view-points are used to identify and explain export barriers in Ilam in four categories. In order to identify and grade the barriers، the statistical tests of ANOVA and TUKEY’s HSD are used. Paying attention to identification of target markets’ environment has been of more importance in removing internal and external problems of exporting firms.