جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Sustainable Tourism » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The purpose of this research is to analyze the management of sustainable tourism development and to provide a framework for this issue, which has been carried out in a descriptive, survey, and applied manner. For this purpose, first, by reviewing the research literature and the background of the research, the theoretical framework of the research was formulated. Based on this framework, the research conceptual model was presented, and the research hypotheses were formulated. To test the hypotheses of the research, the statistical population including the managers and experts of the central headquarters of the Ministry of Tourism was considered to be more than 90 people and instead of sampling, the entire count was done. In the following, the questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 90 people. Due to the non-normality of the data distribution, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 3 software were used for statistical analysis. Based on the significant values related to the hypotheses, all were confirmed. The impact of social damage on creating an obstacle to the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.568, the impact of economic damage on creating an obstacle to the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.722, the impact of institutional damage on creating an obstacle to the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.587 and the impact of Environmental damage on creating obstacles in the sustainable development of tourism is equal to 0.805.

Considering the dependence of tourism on its host community and thus the interdependence of tourists and local residents, it could be argued that the culture and viewpoints of the local people may influence tourism activities. Therefore, the local community must be actively involved in the development process to ensure the success of feasibility studies, proper assessment of investments made in tourism, and the extension of tourism projects’ lifespan. In this regard, this study sought to perform a feasibility analysis of tourism activities, focusing on running a coffee shop in a representative tourist destination in Kermanshah Province, Iran. To this end, the tourism development project during the years 2019-2023 was examined in terms of financial and economic assessments, and the evaluation of its effects from the viewpoint of the local community. The financial and economic data were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, and the data concerning the evaluation of the project’s effects from the local community’s perspective were gathered through a questionnaire. The results of the financial and economic feasibility study indicated that setting up the coffee shop was financially and economically viable and justified. On the other hand, the evaluation of the local residents’ viewpoint in this regard revealed that tourism could contribute to economic prosperity, the introduction of the region to others, feeling the sense of pride by the local people, and the restoration and reconstruction of historical buildings. This study attempted to identify the factors involved in the feasibility study of tourism and assess the local community's viewpoint regarding the effects of tourism. The findings of the study suggested that financial and economic feasibility studies along with an evaluation of the effects of tourism could contribute to the success of investment projects.

Nowadays, the impacts of tourism are one of the academic topics and concerns of experts in this field, and they are trying to increase its positive effects through network and cluster activity and find solutions to reduce the negative effects of tourism. Sustainable tourism requires the active performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and museums can also play an axial role as educational institutions. Unfortunately, there is no close relationship between museums and NGOs in Iran, and the International Council of Museums (ICOM) is the only active NGO in this field. In contrast, the collaboration of NGOs and museums can be a step towards popularising the challenges facing sustainable tourism development. The objectives of the present research are: 1) to identify the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in promoting museums and sustainable tourism. 2) to explore the collaborative opportunities of NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. In this regard, the qualitative method (thematic analysis) was used with the help of MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research was the active members of NGO experts in the fields of tourism, culture, museum, environment, and geography. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview form. It is worth mentioning that the data reached saturation point in the 20th interview. The data coding results illustrated that moral and professional codes and policymaking influence NGOs’ participation in the development of museums and tourism. In addition, the five main themes of cooperative education, collaborative and interactive thinking, participatory advertising, holding joint events and exhibitions, and social participation were identified as collaborative opportunities for NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. It should be pointed out that cooperation and partnership relations are a suitable alternative to competition in sustainable tourism, and this partnership facilitates the achievement of sustainable tourism goals, which have been at the forefront of central policy of global tourism development for more than two decades.

Education and learning is a key element to having a sustainable society in which children have the highest potential for effective education. Properly designed tourism spaces with the dimensions of the child's existence can play the role of a suitable teacher to experience and learn great life lessons with other attractions. Child-friendly spaces mainly seek to create a suitable environment in tourism environments for entertainment and recreation, education, intellectual and social development of these people. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of learning from children's tourism on sustainable tourism development. The statistical population of the study includes all parents with children and the samples were selected from tourists in Mashhad whose children were between 6 and 12 years old. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula equal to 384 people who were selected based on available non-random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The validity of the questionnaire was diagnostic, convergent and divergent and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested based on structural equation method and LISREL software. The results showed that motivation to learn has a positive effect on learning benefits for children. Motivation to learn has a positive effect on children's environmental protection behaviors. Benefits of learning for children have a positive effect on children's environmental protection behaviors Demographic characteristics of the family (including child gender, education level, parents, average family monthly income, number of children) have a moderating role on learning benefits and environmental protection behaviors in tourist children. Finally, the moderating role of family demographic characteristics (including child gender, parents' education level, average family monthly income, number of children in the family) in the relationship between learning motivation and learning benefits in tourist children was also confirmed

Nowadays, adventure tourism guarantees sustainable tourism precisely because of its proximity to nature and the aim of responsible preservation of natural resources. This research explores the propellant and influencing forces on the development of adventure tourism. A practical, quantitative-qualitative, and exploratory method develops possible scenarios based on the future research approach. Data analysis was done using crass-impact balance analysis and forming a group of experts. The metaphors of headwaters, ponds, deserts, and swamps were presented to draw the vision of scenarios and to describe and predict the future of adventure tourism in 1410. The results of four robust, compatible, and probable scenarios indicate that the narrative of the swamp reveals the instability of the development of adventure tourism in Iran. Iran is very capable of becoming a destination for adventure tourism. Considering the influential role of tourism in the economy and society, corrective and targeted solutions for the sustainable development of tourism are inevitable for a hopeful future.

Risky is the primary feature of adventure tourism. Processing data and information on the sustainable development variables, safety, natural resources, health, adventure activity resources, entrepreneurship, humanitarian, infrastructure, cultural resources, and the image of the adventure brand Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI) provide this possibility to by exploring and understanding assemble the course of evolution and the influence of determining factors on the sustainable development of adventure. It provides possession of researchers, policies, beneficiaries, and local communities. Thinking about the future requires specific language and techniques in order to predict the future. Scenarios can express any targeted and planned management in the form of predictable elements and uncertainties. The importance of foresight in the tourism industry has caused scenario-based planning to be referred to as the backbone of tourism (Postma, 2015, p. 46). Adventure tourism is significantly higher than the average growth rate of global tourism (Schott, 2007, p. 264). Kumar & Deshmukh (2022) predict the value of adventure tourism to reach $1,169,095 million by 2028, from $112,227 in 2020, with an annual growth rate of 20%. In this research, we show, by examining the two concepts of sustainable tourism and adventure tourism, that tourism as an intervening activity in the environment has essential effects on destination communities. Iran’s adventure tourism rank and position is a flip to investigate the reasons for inattention to this pioneer industry and to identify and narrate its compatible and probable scenarios.

The future study tries to determine the aims and values, describe the trends, and specify the conditions of realization and situations to draw different pictures of the future and evaluate and select alternative policies and plans. One of the methods of future study is scenario codification, in which two or more different scenarios or texts are usually written about the future of the subject that is most likely to occur. This research is applied, descriptive-analytical, and quantitative-qualitative. Generally, the scenario planning process is based on five steps: identification of context scenarios; recognition of influential factors; analysis of key factors; scenario production; scenario transfer (Kosow & Gaßner, 2008, p. 25). The data is a combination of a bibliographic and systematic review of tourism research in general and adventure tourism in particular. Statistical data processing and expert opinions were done by forming a Delphi panel and completing the mutual effects questionnaire. Variables were collected by examining previous research; the statistical population is the activists, employees, and tourists of the Iranian tourism industry, and the sample size consists of 12 tourism experts and activists, especially adventure tourism. The analysis of exploratory and probable scenarios through Scenario Wizard software deals with possible futures with a horizon of 1410.

The analysis of the findings was completed by using the main stages of future studies by Voros (2005). In this model, field identification and propellant forces have been obtained from the global index of adventure tourism. ATDI 2020 shows the weak position of Iran with a rank of 91 among 163 developing countries (Less than the global average). The three main factors of security and hosting, adventure, and preparation are influential in determining the index; each of these factors includes a set of variables that significantly impact the development of adventure. The Crass-Impact balance analysis method is used in scenario analysis, which is a qualitative technique for analyzing influence networks. Each variable with a range of different current situations was exposed to the four concepts of development, continuity, destruction, and crisis. In the best case, the possible and compatible scenarios obtained from the consensus of experts reflect the continuation of the current situation. Finally, an intense scenario and three scenarios with high compatibility and higher probability of occurrence were presented, indicating the continuation of the current trend and the crisis in the medium-term future. The two propellant forces of sustainable development and the image of the adventure brand form the two heads of the model due to their importance and uncertainty. The metaphors of headwater, pond, desert, and swamp were presented to draw the vision of scenarios and to describe and predict the future of adventure tourism in 1410.

A strong and probable scenario can be realized by predicting the swamp narrative on the horizon of 1410 unless they are replaced by a change in the attitude towards specific tourism, the social participation of the host community in the planning and development process, rational and embodied policies and most importantly, efficient reforms of out of access scenarios. Iran’s geographical conditions and economic and social characteristics are an opportunity for the future of adventure tourism. Educated, professional, and interested audiences accept many of the cultural constraints and barriers of the local community and act responsibly towards cultural resources. In the direction of the research aim, a set of policy, management, and research solutions are presented in this field. This enables tourism policies and planners to answer these two questions in the future, what will we do? Furthermore, how should we do it? Make a decision

This applied qualitative study sought to classify the factors involved in responsible travel intentions based on Maslow's needs pyramid and elaborate on the causal relationships between the factors so that it can offer a more effective model for marketing sustainable tourism. To this end, the factors were identified and categorized using the content analysis of the data collected via reviewing the related literature and conducting interviews with apropos experts. Then, systemic thinking was used qualitatively (validated through the experts’ opinions) to develop the interpretive model of causal relations. According to the study’s findings, 23 factors were classified into five categories based on Maslow's needs pyramid as follows: Physiological needs (perceived quality, price, shopping habits, and perceived behavioral control), safety (protection and beliefs concerning the health in responsible travels), love/attachment (environmental concerns, sense of responsibility, perceived effectiveness, environmental awareness, environmental value, spatial belonging, and emotional dependence on residents), respect (social norms, identity representation, satisfaction, advertising, social media content, attitude regarding the responsible travel, beliefs concerning the luxurious nature of responsible travel, and the image of responsible travel), and self-actualization (self-transcendence and personal norms). Moreover, the proposed conceptual model indicated the mutual influence of the factors and categories on each other. Therefore, marketers are required to plan their intended interventions after prioritizing the target group’s responsible needs and selecting the category of needs using systemic thinking.

The development of ecotourism will not happen simply because of the beauty and attractiveness of ecotourism areas. In addition to the natural potential of each region, the development of ecotourism requires the existence of various factors such as welfare infrastructure, access roads, tourist security, marketing and advertising, and the like.  So that the absence or even shortage of some of these cases can be considered as factors hindering the development of ecotourism in any ecotourism area. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to the development of ecotourism in Aligudarz Absefid waterfalls. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with provincial experts to identify the deterrents. Analysis of data collected from interviews led to the identification of 34 concepts in 6 major categories of barriers. Then, a two-stage Delphi-fuzzy technique was used to reach a group agreement between the experts and to rank the inhibitory factors. According to the results, barriers the development of ecotourism in Aligudarz Absefid waterfall are respectively: cultural and social barriers with an average (0.828), poor introduction of the region (0.810), investment barriers and financial planning (0.803), infrastructural barriers (0.778), security barriers (0.775) and access and information problems (0.648). Therefore, the general proposal of this research is comprehensive planning, attracting financial support, and the efforts of nature tourism management decision-making organizations in Aligudarz city and Lorestan province to eliminate and reduce the mentioned obstacles through the executive proposals presented in this research.

adventure tourism is the fastest growing tourism sector in the world and It is considered as one of the most important tools for sustainable development in countries and tourism destinations. Therefore, the Marnjab Desert in Iran, as a privileged region, has the potential to become an example center for sustainable development of adventure tourism. Research shows that affect numerous factors on realization of this important. This study aims to provide a model for the development of creative and sustainable adventure tourism in the Marnjab Desert. In terms of method, Research is mixed and applied research that data analysis has been done through two methods of Meta-Synthesis and Structural-Interpretive Modeling in two stages. first step: were identified the factors affecting the development of adventure tourism with systematic reviewed and 18 variables in 10 indicators and four dimensions of economic, political, cultural, social and environmental sustainability were selected and approved by researchers. second step: the initial codes were extracted and located in the structural-interpretive modeling questionnaire in order to Be leveled the relation between them with the help of tourism experts and managers of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol and adventure tourism activists present as a model in the desert. The results of the present study indicate that tourist satisfaction and loyalty of the indigenous community will be achieved when first there is clear and comprehensive policy and planning and then the private sector provide by investing in the environment the conditions for other effective factors, especially biological and social resource management

Today, tourism as an industry, in addition to all its advantages, without proper planning can impose several negative consequences on the natural environment and human community of the destination. Therefore, "sustainability" has become one of the requirements of tourism planning. The present study, understanding the importance of this issue, has tried to identify strategies for achieving sustainable tourism for the city of Khansar. The method of the present research is descriptive-interpretive and based on documentary studies and field survey. Initially, sustainable urban tourism variables were extracted from valid domestic and foreign sources, which resulted in achieving a comprehensive range of variables in 13 dimensions, including the natural environment, pollutants and ecological hazards, economic, social, managerial, transportation, tolerable capacity of the city, health, tourist attractions, the foundations of the local community, physical or non-physical infrastructures of tourism and satisfaction with tourism. Then, the variables are entered in the Micmac software to implement structural equations model with future research approach, and pairwise comparisons between variables are performed by Delphi method with the participation of 15 experts. The output of the model shows the most important Impressive and influential variables in the field of sustainable tourism in Khansar city, based on which the proposed strategies have been developed. Findings show that the variables of "long-term plans for tourism development" and "existence of tourist attractions, historical monuments and their protection" will have the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable tourism in Khansar city, and therefore strategies having priority, should be based on them.

This research aims to identify the challenges of sustainable tourism development in Kerman province. Tourism as a multidimensional phenomenon has been growing steadily and increasingly. Kerman is the largest province of Iran with its diverse climate and attractions and has many advantages in the field of tourism. In this research, using themathic analysis method, through semi-organized interviews with academic experts and private sector activists and interviews of executives reflected in the media, an attempt has been made to identify the challenges of sustainable tourism development. The result of the open coding stage is the identification of 85 challenges for the development of sustainable tourism in Kerman province. In the next step, the concepts are categorized into eight themes. These themes are: 1) Policy and planning challenges 2) Management and administrative challenges 3) Transportation and communication challenges 4) Hotel and accommodation challenges 5) Advertising and information challenges 6) challenges of Infrastructure Welfare and recreational facilities 7) Challenges of education and tourist guidance 8) Environmental challenges. Each of this themes includes challenges that are conceptually related to each other and explain a specific dimension of sustainable tourism in Kerman province.

In the various definitions of tourism, human cognition and study are the focus of attention, and most of what anthropologists examine in human research is related to culture, and if culture is any form of behavior that is acquired And to be non-instinctive, this article also describes and explains this behavior in the field of research in the face of the subject of research with all the cultural and economic implications. The study of changes in tourism in the last half century and the semantic reconstruction of these changes and changes resulting from the prevalence of tourism in the mentioned areas is an important issue and the need for this research that requires strong theoretical support based on the approach of interpretive paradigm. The Emic approach is used to help examine the understanding and interpretation of the effects of tourism on the development of the local community. In the methodological dimension, the qualitative research method was used and the ethnographic approach was used as the operational research method and the grounded theory approach was used as the data analysis method. The research findings are expressed in the form of 7 major categories and one core category, ie an effective approach to sustainable tourism. Conclusion is based on this category; That areas of tourism in the field of research are out of the mass state and are on the way to achieving a sustainable tourism status

Despite the interest in tourism, this issue has been influenced by concerns about natural and social environments, and in response to that, sustainable tourism has become the standard approach in tourism development. However, the debate, discourse, and in some cases criticism of this area continues. Later, responsible tourism emerged as another solution for the interaction between the environment and the tourist. The purpose of this article is to review the research conducted in the field of sustainable and responsible tourism to identify the content formed in these areas and to examine the relationship between them in order to understand the current situation and determine the direction of future research on these issues. Therefore, in this article, with the scientometric approach, articles in this field in the period 2019-1990 have been reviewed. A total of 1518 articles retrieved from the Web of Science database were analyzed using collaboration network analysis and both citation and all lexical network. Findings show that the focus of issues has changed from the concept of sustainable tourism to governance and social responsibility, and in the shadow of sustainable tourism, a new concept is being formed that addresses the issue of responsibility in the field of tourism. The result of this research explains the hot research topics and the development process of future research in this field.

As one of the sources of income and sustainable tourism, the tourism industry focuses on economic, social, and environmental issues. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to design a policy package to achieve sustainable tourism development in Iran. The findings of this study can help with improving the tourism industry's performance, especially therapeutic tourism in Iran from local communities to the national level as well as the development of tourism by preserving the valuable assets of the country.

The qualitative research method was used due to its interpretive and natural approach to events, people, and topics. The research strategy was an exploratory multiple case study. After interviewing the participants in this study, who were 12 stakeholders of the industry and using the five-stage Yin model to analyze the collected data, the dimensions of the policy package of sustainable tourism development including strategies, short-term goals, long-term goals, and challenges were achieved.

Strategy themes included national support, national initiatives, and international initiatives. Themes of short-term goals included promotion of local tourism, cultural-educational development, internal and external marketing. Themes of long-term goals included sustainable economic development, revenue generation, and infrastructure development. Themes of challenges included the high cost of travel, low quality of service, Covid-19 pandemic, and lack of support for local businesses.

This study showed that the participants paid attention to economic, social, and environmental factors. The participants also required the government and other related sectors to promote medical tourism and to preserve and protect natural resources through principled investing, culturalization, and education. Paying attention to the issues mentioned by the participants and applying the policy package obtained in this research can help public and private managers and investors to preserve valuable natural resources, especially hot springs, and to develop the tourism industry.

Extended Abstract

Cultural intelligence defines the ability of an individual to succeed in diverse tasks and cultural settings (institutional, ethnic, national, and international). In this regard, this factor is considered an obstacle to the prevention of cultural contradictions. This study investigates the relationship of cultural intelligence with the perceived value of sustainable tourism in foreign tourists entering Yazd.
 

 The present study is descriptive- correlation concerning the purpose, and according to the data collection method. The study population consisted of all foreign tourists coming to Yazd in April and November 2018 that 260 people were selected as a sample (138 males and 122 females) using the non-probabilistic sampling method. Two questionnaires of cultural intelligence and the perceived value of sustainable tourism have been used to collect data. Cultural intelligence questionnaire consists of 11 items and cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioural subscales; and perceived value of sustainable tourism questionnaire consists of 19 items and performance, emotional, and epistemic subscales which both questionnaires are graded with a 5-point Likert scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The total number of questionnaires distributed in this study was 270, of which 260 were usable after the questionnaires were collected and reviewed by the researchers. In order to measure reliability, a prototype consisted of 30 pre-test questionnaires, and then using the data obtained from the questionnaire, the reliability coefficient was calculated by Cronbach's alpha test, which for the variables (0.858) for cultural intelligence and (0.873) was obtained for the perceived value of sustainable tourism. These numbers indicate that the questionnaires are reliable and, in other words, have the necessary reliability.
 

The findings indicate that cognitive cultural intelligence on the perceived functional value of sustainable tourism (γ 11= 0.81, t= 6.19, p< 0.05); cognitive cultural intelligence on the perceived emotional value of sustainable tourism (γ 12= 0.95, t= 6.24, p< 0.05); and cognitive cultural intelligence on the perceived epistemic value of sustainable tourism (γ 13= 0.70, t= 6.39, p< 0.05) have a positive and significant effect. This finding means that cultural cognitive intelligence has a greater effect on perceived emotional value than perceived functional and epistemic value, and can affect their perceived value, which can affect the development of sustainable tourism. Metacognitive cultural intelligence on the perceived functional value of sustainable tourism (γ 11= 0.78, t= 6.35, p< 0.05); metacognitive cultural intelligence on the perceived emotional value of sustainable tourism (γ 12= 0.87, t= 6.12, p< 0.05); and cultural metacognitive intelligence on the perceived epistemic value of sustainable tourism (γ 13= 0.70, t= 6.39, p< 0.05), have a positive and significant effect. This finding means that metacognitive cultural intelligence has a greater effect on perceived emotional value than perceived functional and epistemic value. The metacognitive intelligence of tourists from the visited area can affect their perceived value, which can affect the development of sustainable tourism. Motivational cultural intelligence on the perceived functional value of sustainable tourism (γ 11= 0.89, t= 7.21, p< 0.05); motivational cultural intelligence on the perceived emotional value of sustainable tourism (γ 12= 0.81, t =5.85, p< 0.05); and motivational cultural intelligence on the perceived epistemic value of sustainable tourism (γ 13= 0.66, t= 6.90, p< 0.05) have a positive and significant effect. This finding means that motivational cultural intelligence has a greater effect on perceived emotional value than perceived functional and epistemic value and can affect their perceived value, which can affect the development of sustainable tourism. Behavioural cultural intelligence on the perceived functional value of sustainable tourism (γ 11= 0.95, t= 7.28, p< 0.05); behavioural cultural intelligence on the perceived emotional value of sustainable tourism (γ 12= 0.81, t= 6.02, p< 0.05); and behavioural cultural intelligence on the perceived epistemic value of sustainable tourism (γ 13= 0.71, t= 6/83, p< 0.05) have a positive and significant effect. This finding means that behavioural cultural intelligence has a greater effect on perceived emotional value than perceived functional and epistemic value and can affect their perceived value, which can affect the development of sustainable tourism. The results of the sub-findings also show that the highest level of cultural intelligence belongs to American tourists (M= 3.88), and the lowest level of cultural intelligence belongs to Asian tourists (M= 3.49).
 

 Findings showed that motivational and behavioural metacognitive intelligence directly and significantly affect the perceived value of cognitive and emotional function. Also, their effect on the emotional dimension of perceived value is greater than the functional and epistemological dimensions. The sub-findings of the study also showed that among the classification of tourists in the study sample (European, Asian, American, and Australian Oceanic), American tourists have the highest cultural intelligence and Asian tourists have the lowest level of cultural intelligence. What results from the study of the hypotheses is that familiarity with the culture, customs, taboos and political, and economic rules of the destination country. And even the origin of other tourists, has facilitated communication with other tourists and residents, and subsequently, the pleasure of interaction, socialization in a foreign culture and satisfaction with this, according to the results of the present study, is directly related to the emotional dimension of perceived value, which ultimately has a positive effect on tourism destination and finally, intercultural communication between the host community and tourists makes a satisfying trip for tourists. In general, the study of the effect of variables such as cultural intelligence in all its dimensions on the perceived value variable and increase the satisfaction of foreign tourists and confirmation of this direct and significant effect by statistical results, is a practical and new finding, which can be very effective in the development of peaceful and sustainable tourism in Iran with foreign countries and reduce the context of cultural conflicts.

The existence of appropriate tourism facilities and services and the high quality of tourism infrastructure and services certainly affect the demand for tourist attractions. Therefore, Tarom township is located in the north of Zanjan province; In the land management plan of Zanjan province, it has been proposed as a "privileged regional tourism axis." However, with the construction and operation of a new road along the route of this tourism axis, Great changes have taken place in the establishment of transportation connections and the entry of tourists to this area. Therefore; this study aimed to investigate the role of strengthening transportation infrastructure(road construction) and its impact on the development of tourism activities in the study area. Also, Seek answers the following questions: - Is there a significant relationship between the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road and the sustainable development of tourism in the study area?- Which dimension and Component of tourism development have received the most impact from the construction of Zanjan-Taham-Chavarzeq road?

The present research is of an applied type. The statistical population of the present study is the tourist settlements of Shit-Walidar and Shirinsoo tourist areas in Tarom city. By purposive non-probability sampling method, 277 households were selected for sampling. The method of collecting field-library information and analyzing the data using inferential statistics such as the Wilcoxon test, T is a single sample in SPSS software. Representation and mapping of spatial flows of tourism in the study area have been done using UCINET software, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is in AMOS software.

The investment situation for launching tourism-related activities was 28.46%. The training courses' status in connection with tourism activities indicates that about 28% of the training courses were directly related to tourism activities, and 72% of the training were non-tourism related. Therefore, the flow of tourists entering the study area from the city of Zanjan is stronger, but the flow of Rasht and Khalkhal is weaker. Investigating the effects and consequences of the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road on tourism development indicators in the studied areas (local communities' point of view) with non-parametric Wilcoxon test; Shows that the construction of this road has the most significant difference in the components of improving job opportunities in tourism activities, respectively, Component of increasing the number of passengers and tourists, Component of reducing migration of local communities, Improving infrastructure. The road has had tourism facilities and services. Still, investment in tourism development has the least significant difference in the period before and after the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road. Also; To investigate the contribution of the effective factors of the consequences of the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road in the sustainable development of tourism from the perspective of local communities, structural modeling of second-order factor analysis was used. The development of tourism under the influence of 4 hidden factors (economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and physical) has been studied. It shows the effects of tourism development in the physical dimensions 97, Economic 96, Environment 94, and socio-cultural 79 percent.

The research findings show that before the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road, the study area was isolated in terms of communication and especially with the center of the province. Therefore, the construction and operation of the new Zanjan-Taham-Abbar road, while reducing the distance and time interval of access to Zanjan, has left numerous socio-economic effects on tourism development in the study area. Also, the main indicators of model fit show that the research data, Conceptual model of research in terms of the effectiveness of strengthening the transport infrastructure in tourism's sustainable development, has given a meaningful explanation. However, the transport network infrastructure position is still not suitable, and they have weaknesses and shortcomings.

Today, the tourism industry, in addition to its commercial face, is recognized as an industry that supports the livelihoods of local communities in tourism destinations; therefore, engaging in the concept of corporate social responsibility and citizenship in the tourism industry with the commitment of active organizations in the travel process, Its beginning is connected to its end. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the acceptance of corporate citizenship in tourism industry businesses. This research is an applied and explorative mixed method based on thematic analysis based on basic, organizing and pervasive themes using MAXQDA-12 software and structuring and determining the interrelationships of factors through multi-criteria decision making using Demetel technique. . The statistical population is in the qualitative section, archival documents and in the quantitative section, academic experts and managers of tourism business in Tehran. The findings of the study indicate that 21 factors identified in three sections are factors related to industry environment, organization factors and macro environment factors, among which in tourism businesses are factors related to industry environment Organizational and macro-environmental factors are of the utmost importance. Also, factors related to the industry environment as a causal driver in the whole system are more influential than other factors.

The purpose of the present study is to explain the role of social responsibility in supporting sustainable tourism by mediating the benefits and costs of tourism from the perspective of the host community in Sarein. The purpose of this research is applied and the research method is questionnaire based survey. The statistical population of this study is inhabitants of Sarein city, 384 of them were selected as sample (available sampling method). Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using ordinary least squares (OLS) with SPSS and LISREL software. The results indicate that social responsibility has a significant and positive impact on perceived benefits and support for sustainable tourism, as well as perceived benefits on sustainable tourism support. Social responsibility also has a significant and negative effect on perceived costs. Finally, perceived benefits play a mediating role in the impact of social responsibility on sustainable tourism support;

Nowadays foresight is widely used across an array of sciences, planning and policy makings. Scenario planning is one the methods of future studies- a tool for analyzing the policies, understanding the conditions, the threats, the needs and the superior values of the future. The purpose of this study is to identify the possible and probable scenarios for future development of sustainable tourism in Gilan province for the year 1425 landscape. By employing the Structural Analysis method, which is a widely accepted method for future study, the present study analyzes the components of sustainable tourism development in Gilan province using MicMac software. . To this end, 38 components have been extracted in four primary aspects from national documents and the related researches, and the cross-impact matrix has been formed using the opinions of 26 specialists and experts. Then, using Micmac software, twelve key drivers affecting sustainable tourism development in the province have been identified. . According to the scenario analyses, these factors lead to 36 possible conditions. The results of the Scenario Wizard software indicate that there are seven scenarios with strong compatibility that are more likely to occur in the future development of sustainable tourism in the province. The first scenario is the best promotor scenarios in the development of sustainable tourism in Gilan province. All of the elements in this scenario are following a positive trend and as time passes by, they can lead to positive changes in the development of sustainable tourism in Gilan province.