Tehran City

With the increasing development of technologies and communication methods, the use of digital marketing to advertise and promote services and products has become very important. One of the industries that benefit from these methods is the medical tourism industry. Also, considering the ever-increasing growth of technology and the widespread use of the Internet in different societies, the use of artificial intelligence and related technologies is very important. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the effective factors on digital marketing in medical tourism with an emphasis on artificial intelligence (case study: Tehran). This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research included 53 medical tourists from Tehran, who were selected to participate in building the model. For this purpose, the conceptual framework of the specific model and the data were analyzed using tools and techniques of fuzzy cognitive mapping and social network analysis. The results showed that several factors are involved in digital marketing in medical tourism with an emphasis on artificial intelligence (case study: Tehran city), including site optimization and branding factors in search engines, marketing targeting, better evaluation of marketing campaigns and better feedback from Audiences were the most important in order; Because they were more central.

This study seeks to identify and analyze the critical elements of smart governance that contribute to the successful development and implementation of a smart city. The focus is on understanding the specific factors that enable the transformation of a traditional city into a smart city, with a particular emphasis on the city of Tehran.

The primary research method employed in this study is Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), which allows for the systematic identification and examination of relationships between key factors. This research is qualitative and of an applied nature, aiming to provide practical insights. Data collection involved targeted sampling, where a comprehensive list of experts in the field of smart cities was compiled. Following extensive discussions, these experts participated in interviews, after which they were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire. Their responses were used to gather the necessary research data. The research environment was natural, with participants including both academic experts in the field of smart cities and executive professionals working in relevant organizations, such as smart city departments within municipalities and other related institutions.

The findings reveal that significant efforts are underway in Iran, particularly in Tehran, to advance toward becoming a smart city. After reviewing the research background and conducting in-depth interviews, several critical components were identified, including citizen participation, e-government, smart management, technology utilization, the political and institutional environment, internet access and usage, socio-environmental characteristics, transparency, accountability, data exchange, and public-private sector collaboration. Through rigorous analysis of the interviews and existing literature using the interpretive structural modeling method, the study identified the most important and influential factors necessary for realizing a smart city in Tehran. The study highlights that Tehran has made substantial progress in establishing e-government, followed by the adoption of smart management practices, technology utilization, and the creation of a supportive political and institutional environment, which are all recognized as key drivers in this process.

Cities across the globe are confronting numerous challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution, excessive energy consumption, and uncontrolled urban sprawl. The concept of a smart city has emerged as a potential solution to these challenges. However, the successful implementation of smart city initiatives requires a comprehensive and integrated decision-making framework. The notion of smart governance has thus gained prominence, attracting the attention of scholars across various fields, including public administration, policymaking, political science, and information technology. This concept plays a pivotal and supportive role in the development of a holistic decision-making framework for smart city initiatives. This research focuses on Tehran, one of Iran's most prominent metropolises in the realm of smart city development. The study concludes that three elements—e-government, the political and institutional environment, and the utilization of technology—are paramount in the successful realization of a smart city in Tehran and, by extension, in Iran.

A B S T R A C T
Tourism development has different social, economic, and cultural results. In the meantime, one of the important topics of the growing trend in tourism destinations is the increase of tourists and their stay, along with efforts to provide suitable environmental and human conditions. Therefore, the desire of tourists to stay longer is considered an important indicator in evaluating the ability of tourist destinations to properly exploit the benefits of tourism. In this research, an attempt was made to analyze and investigate the factors affecting the stay of tourists in the city of Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is tourists entering Tehran. In order to determine the sample size, due to the lack of statistical population, Cochran's formula for the unlimited population was used and the sample size was estimated at 384 people. The validity of the research tool was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using SPSS and LISREL software with descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that the quality of services has a significant effect on the permanence of tourists in Tehran. The path coefficient obtained is equal to 0.41, and travel motivation has a significant effect on tourists staying in Tehran. The obtained path coefficient value is equal to 0.47. Another result of this research is that the characteristics of the trip have a significant effect on the permanence of tourists in Tehran, and the value of the route coefficient obtained is equal to 0.38.
Extended Abstract
Like many cities in Iran, Tehran has potential capacities and numerous natural, historical, and cultural attractions, and tourism development can be very helpful. However, it will be possible to achieve the benefits of tourism when the appropriate platform, i.e., social infrastructure and civil institutions related to it, is provided. Studies show that the metropolis of Tehran is among the cities that have continuously increased the number of domestic tourists. Nevertheless, the average stay of tourists has decreased, so according to the statistics, the average stay of tourists in this city has decreased from 6 days in the 80s to less than 3 days in recent years. The decrease in the number of tourists in Tehran means that this city does not reap many benefits despite spending a major part of the city's budget on providing services. By understanding the above, the main question of this research is as follows:-What are the effective factors in keeping customers (tourists) in tourism destinations?
 
The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population of this research includes domestic tourists who have chosen Tehran as their tourist destination in order to spend their free time. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size for the unlimited population, which was estimated to be 384 people. The sampling method was simple random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect field data. SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze the research data.
 
Concerning the first hypothesis of the research, which states that service quality has a significant effect on tourists staying in Tehran, the path coefficient (0.41) has been estimated. Also, the value of the obtained T statistic is equal to 3.35 and is more than 1.96. Therefore, this path coefficient is
 
 
significant, and the hypothesis of the research is confirmed. it can be said that the quality of services has a significant effect on the permanence of tourists in Tehran. In explaining the results of this hypothesis, it can be said that tourism services are considered one of the main elements in the development of the urban tourism industry. Thus, paying attention, planning, and allocating the necessary budget in this field is an inevitable necessity in relation to the second hypothesis of the research, which states that the motivation to travel has a significant effect on the permanence of tourists in Tehran. The path coefficient (0.47) is estimated. The value of the obtained T statistic is equal to the obtained 3.55 and more than 1.96. So, this route coefficient is significant, and the hypothesis of the research is confirmed; it can be said that travel motivation has a significant effect on the permanence of tourists in Tehran. In explaining the results of this hypothesis, it can be said that Crompton related the motivation to travel to the driving factors to the need for travel and argues that these factors lead to the pulling factors that are related to the choice of destination. Many researchers agree on the issue that there is a connection between the main motivations or the reasons for the driving factors and the permanence of the destination. They have also noticed in their studies that the average permanence time is longer at the destination on trips to visit family and acquaintances. This result is generally obtained due to the lack of accommodation costs, which allows people to stay in the destination and prolong it with a similar budget and cost. In connection with the third hypothesis of the research, travel characteristics have a significant effect on the permanence of tourists in Tehran; the path coefficient (0.38) has been estimated, and the value of the obtained T statistic is equal to the obtained 9.95 and is greater than 1.96. Therefore, this route coefficient is significant, confirming the research hypothesis; it can be said that the trip's characteristics significantly affect the permanence of tourists in Tehran. In explaining the results of this hypothesis, it can be stated that Wu and Carson (2008) found in their studies that international travel has a positive relationship with the permanence of tourists compared to national travel. The type of accommodation has a direct effect on the length of stay of tourists, so accommodation in the homes of friends and acquaintances or free accommodation increases the length of stay of tourists while staying in hotels decreases the length of stay. Due to economic limitations, the durability also decreases with the increase in the size of the travel group.
 
The results of this research showed that service quality has a positive effect on tourist' retention; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.41, based on the value of the obtained path coefficient, the impact of service quality on tourists' persistence is evaluated as average. Also, this variable can explain 16.8 percent of the dependent variable's variance, i.e., tourists' persistence. Among the other results obtained in this research was that travel motivation has a significant effect on tourist' retention. Also, according to the value of the path coefficient obtained, the travel motivation variable is able to explain 22% of the variance of the tourist retention variable.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the relationship between the development of health tourism and content marketing, which in terms of purpose is applied with an exploratory approach and in terms of data analysis, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative phase included managers and senior managers of health tourism and university professors in the fields of marketing management and tourism management, and 11 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The main tool of data collection in this phase was in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts and were analyzed by thematic analysis method. In the quantitative phase, the senior, middle and operational managers of public and private medical centers in Tehran province who were in contact with the reference sites and digital media in the field of health tourism were considered as the community, and among them, 400 people were selected based on the sampling method. available were selected as a statistical sample. In this phase, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used as the main tool for data collection. SPSS and PLS software were used to perform descriptive and inferential analyses. The research results led to a research model including six overarching themes (causal factors, environmental factors, strategic factors, value of the country's health tourism brand, primary outcomes, and secondary outcomes), and fifteen constructive themes, and the hypothetical relationships of the model were tested in a large community. were approved.The purpose of the current research is to analyze the relationship between the development of health tourism and content marketing, which in terms of purpose is applied with an exploratory approach and in terms of data analysis, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative phase included managers and senior managers of health tourism and university professors in the fields of marketing management and tourism management, and 11 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The main tool of data collection in this phase was in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts and were analyzed by thematic analysis method. In the quantitative phase, the senior, middle and operational managers of public and private medical centers in Tehran province who were in contact with the reference sites and digital media in the field of health tourism were considered as the community, and among them, 400 people were selected based on the sampling method. available were selected as a statistical sample. In this phase, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used as the main tool for data collection. SPSS and PLS software were used to perform descriptive and inferential analyses. The research results led to a research model including six overarching themes (causal factors, environmental factors, strategic factors, value of the country's health tourism brand, primary outcomes, and secondary outcomes), and fifteen constructive themes, and the hypothetical relationships of the model were tested in a large community. were approved.The purpose of the current research is to analyze the relationship between the development of health tourism and content marketing, which in terms of purpose is applied with an exploratory approach and in terms of data analysis, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative phase included managers and senior managers of health tourism and university professors in the fields of marketing management and tourism management, and 11 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The main tool of data collection in this phase was in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts and were analyzed by thematic analysis method. In the quantitative phase, the senior, middle and operational managers of public and private medical centers in Tehran province who were in contact with the reference sites and digital media in the field of health tourism were considered as the community, and among them, 400 people were selected based on the sampling method. available were selected as a statistical sample. In this phase, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used as the main tool for data collection. SPSS and PLS software were used to perform descriptive and inferential analyses. The research results led to a research model including six overarching themes (causal factors, environmental factors, strategic factors, value of the country's health tourism brand, primary outcomes, and secondary outcomes), and fifteen constructive themes, and the hypothetical relationships of the model were tested in a large community. were approved.400 people were selected based on the sampling method. available were selected as a statistical sample. In this phase, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used as the main tool for data collection. SPSS and PLS software were used to perform descriptive and inferential analyses. The research results led to a research model including six overarching themes (causal factors, environmental factors, strategic factors, value of the country's health tourism brand, primary outcomes, and secondary outcomes), and fifteen constructive themes, and the hypothetical relationships of the model were tested in a large community. were approved.

Nowadays, food has found a special place in the tourism industry and most restaurants, hotels, and residences promote their food culture. Furthermore, Food is one of the main motivations for tourism, and Iran is considered one of the main schools of food with its variety of food, drink, and bread. Therefore, the need to deal with food tourism is very important in the development of tourism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the effect of native foods on the development of food tourism in traditional restaurants in Tehran, which is practical and descriptive-analytical research. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire with four indicators of restaurants' spatial distribution, interior space, native food, and tourist attraction was used. Questionnaires were completed by 350 domestic and foreign tourists and 250 managers of traditional restaurants in Tehran in the year 1400 and the sampling was done randomly. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were confirmed with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.859, respectively. The data analysis was done through one-sample t-test, LSD, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that in the index of spatial distribution, the factor of the proximity of traditional restaurants to historical attractions with a value or factor load of 0.56 and respect for the spatial distribution of traditional restaurants with a factor of 0.3 had the highest and lowest effects, respectively. In terms of the local food index, the attractiveness of food variable had the highest effect with a factor of 0.67, and the use of Tehran local foods in traditional restaurants has the lowest effect with a factor of 0.18. In terms of the indoor space, inducing a sense of relaxation with a factor of 0.57 had the highest effect, and tourists' knowledge of local foods had the lowest effect with a factor of 0.1. In terms of the tourist attraction, diversity in preparing and serving local foods with a factor of 0.67 has the greatest effect, and sharing the experience of serving local food with others had less importance with a factor of 0.44. As a result, it can be stated that the presence of native foods in traditional restaurants of Tehran can be very effective in the development of gastronomy tourism industry

Branding a place is a process that affects the experience of tourists by creating a strong identity and recognition for a place, and by highlighting the unique features of places and attracting the attention of tourists and other stakeholders, it can attract more tourists and economic development. Based on this, the present study aims to investigate the impact of place branding on the components of the tourism experience of health tourists studied in Tehran. In this research, an attempt was made to analyze the effect of place branding on the components of the tourism experience of health tourists studied in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of incoming tourists to Tehran; due to the lack of accurate statistics on the number of incoming tourists, in order to determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used for the unlimited population, and the sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The validity of the research tool was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed using SPSS and SMART PLS software with descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that place branding has a positive and significant effect on the attractiveness, accessibility, accommodation facilities and activities of the health tourism experience of Tehran health tourists. Among the studied variables, place branding had the most significant effect on the attractiveness of the tourist experience, with a path coefficient value of 0.643 and the least effect on the facilities and activities variable, with a path coefficient value of 0.472. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the policy makers and planners of the tourism field of Tehran city need to plan in the field of place branding and defining the branding of the health tourism field in order to create the ground for attracting tourists and Benefit from the benefits of tourism development.

The sharing economy is defined as a socio-economic model based on the common use of unused and unnecessary goods. Now, this concept in economic sciences has grown rapidly and with the development of business models in recent years, it has shown its role even more. The purpose of this research is to design a framework for the determinants of the intention to continuously use sharing economy systems and, on a case-by-case basis, internet taxis. In order to conduct this research, the method of meta-composite studies, which is a kind of systematic study method, was used. Four hundred and eighty scientific documents were obtained by searching the Scopus database, and after removing the articles, finally 49 articles were selected for the final review. In this research, open coding method and MAXQDA2018 software were used for data extraction and coding. The results of the research indicate the existence of twenty-seven sub-fields in the form of six main fields including platform features, customer factors, trust, social context, individual and functional context among the articles.

Management of communication with tourists is considered a key component for successful tourism destinations and creates positive consequences on tourist satisfaction, brand management, competitive advantage and destination income. Based on this, the present study aims to investigate the impact of tourist relationship management on the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists. This research attempted to analyze and investigate the effect of tourist relationship management on the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists in Tehran and how the satisfaction variable mediates the relationship between tourist relationship management and tourist loyalty. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this research was tourists entering Tehran. In order to determine the sample size, according to the number of observable variables, the sample size was estimated at 384 people. The validity of the research tool was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SMART PLS software with descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that communication management with tourists significantly affects the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists. Also, the research findings indicated that satisfaction mediates the relationship between tourist relationship management and tourist loyalty. Tourist communication management plays a vital role in the success of tourism businesses. As a result, using this tool, destinations can help create a positive experience, create tourist loyalty and satisfaction, and strengthen relationships between businesses and tourists.

Background and objective:

 The city of Tehran is facing serious challenges in the field of disaster management due to high population densities and being in a natural disaster-prone area. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) and the opportunities and threats (external factors) of crisis management in Tehran at the stages of risk mitigation and preparedness, focusing on prioritizing relevant strategies for smart disaster management.

Method :

A mixed-method approach was used in this study. The data were collected using a library method and semi-structured interviews. Ten experts in smart city, disaster management, and urban planning were interviewed. The SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) technique was used for the analysis, while the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) was employed for strategy prioritization.

Results:

 The internal factors had a score of 2.333, and external factors had a score of 2.351. Based on the strategic position and action evaluation (SPACE) matrix, the most suitable strategic position to address the challenges of smart disaster management in Tehran was a defensive position. After evaluating 23 strategies according to the total attractiveness scores in the QSPM, the following strategies had the highest priorities: WT3 with a total attractiveness score of 5.593, ST5 with a total score of 5.127, WO3 with a total score of 5.125, WT2 with a total score of 5.055, WO4 with a total score of 5.009, and SO1 with a total score of 4.988.

Conclusion:

 Based on the prioritized strategies, it is important to identify and monitor facilities and urban equipment with improper placement, particularly in areas with high construction rates, using online tools. Online databases should be used for locating and rectifying the positions of existing and future facilities. It is also essential to establish restrictive laws to prevent construction in flood-prone areas, and their implementation should be monitored. Furthermore, a smart system for managing worn-out urban fabrics should be designed and executed for collecting information on such fabrics online and registering the beneficiaries.

The purpose of this research is to design a framework for the continuous use of Internet taxis as an example of a shared economy and a technology-oriented model based on the theory of technology acceptance and use. In order to conduct this research, the method of meta-composite studies, which is a kind of systematic study method, was used. Four hundred and eighty scientific documents were obtained by searching the Scopus database and after removing the articles based on Sandusky and Barroso (2006) model, finally 49 articles were selected for final review. In this research, open coding method of Strauss and Corbin (1990) and MAXQDA2018 software were used for data extraction and coding. The results of the research indicate the existence of twenty-eight sub-fields (one field was rejected in the validation of experts' opinion) in the form of four main fields including expected performance, expected effort, social impact, facilitating conditions among the articles. Finally, the model resulting from this research has been presented.

Electronic government is an opportunity to bridge the gap between the government and the nation (citizens), which provides the opportunity for citizens to participate in decision-making processes. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between electronic government and public participation and public accountability.

In this research, a descriptive-correlation method based on the structural equation model was used. The statistical population of this research includes citizens in District 5 of Tehran, who were determined through simple random sampling. And the required data were collected using a questionnaire. And 385 people were monitored and investigated as a statistical sample.

According to the collected data, the hypothesis test of the research variables (electronic government, public participation, public accountability) was done in the form of structural equation modeling and using Lisrel software. And the findings of this research show that there is a significant relationship between these three variables and public participation plays a mediating role.

By playing the role of fair distribution of information among citizens and their equal access to information and providing quality services, as well as providing a suitable platform for mutual interaction with citizens by using information technology, the electronic government has provided the basis for increasing the participation of citizens in government decisions. And when the citizens are aware of the government's decisions, then the government will be accountable to the citizens for its actions.

Tourism as a global activity today has doubled in importance due to the overlap of the three principles of job creation and income generation, tourist satisfaction, and environmental protection. Since different tourist destinations are competitive in attracting tourists, improving and promoting effective indicators in attracting tourists to tourist destinations is of great importance. This study aims to model the factors affecting the image of tourist destinations and their impact on tourist satisfaction in Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical, which has been done by the survey method.  The statistical population of this study is tourists visiting Tehran. In order to determine the number of research samples, due to the unknown number of the statistical population, the required number of samples was 354 questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, a factor analysis statistical test, one-sample T in SPSS software, and structural equations in Amos Graphics software environment were used. The results show that using a factor analysis test to measure the effects of image components of tourist destinations on tourist satisfaction, 6 factors whose specific values were greater than 1 were extracted. These six identified factors were able to 63% of the variance of component image effects. Explain tourism on the satisfaction of tourists. Also, the results of the one-sample t-test to calculate the final score of the level of satisfaction with the image of tourist destinations, with a value of (2.39), were in an undesirable and unacceptable situation. Also, the results of second-order structural equation analysis showed that the overall image of the destination factor has the highest factor load on tourists' satisfaction with 60%. The final results of the structural equation model show that the effect of cognitive image on the overall image is equal to (0.21), the effect of the emotional image on the overall image is equal to (0.18), the effect of the persuasive image on the overall image is equal to (0.30), and the effect of the overall image on the satisfaction of tourists according to the route analysis model is equal to (0.27).

Today, consumption has become one of the most important concepts of society, whose impact on urban life may be in the form of a kind of feeling, which makes a person belong to consumption and consumption space. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the discontinuity and confusion of contemporary Iranian architecture through cultural, political and social factors.

The research method of this research is qualitative-quantitative. And the current research strategy is descriptive-analytical, the method of collecting information is in the form of library and field studies with interview and questionnaire tools. Meanwhile, the results were analyzed using Spss software.

Architecture is an architectural show that is very popular and in which all the architectural elements have appeared only to show off and only as an imitation of other styles and architecture of other countries. without having anything to do with the original culture, identity and architectural patterns of its region. in a clear way like what has been revealed in our country and in today's society.

The results of the research showed that political and cultural factors after the revolution have strongly influenced the formation process of residential buildings in these areas, and year by year the face of these buildings has distanced itself from its native culture and identity and has moved towards the West and modernization. In this regard, the issue of globalization has not been without effect. In Iran and after the revolution, a special trend towards postmodern culture was formed, which is a direct result of globalization. Postmodern culture is in opposition to macro narratives and changes the identity from the macro form to relative, micro, local and regional identities, which are formed in the form of cultural mixing in the contemporary world of global culture. Therefore, the non-western world cultures, which still lack theoretical creation, show the existential problems of western thought, which is clearly visible in the buildings of these regions.

One of the issues that most of the world's big cities are dealing with is the occurrence of natural disasters and hazards. Considering the unexpected nature of most natural hazards, it is necessary and needed to use a suitable model for crisis management. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a model of urban crisis management in the 11th district of Tehran.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature, which was carried out using a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. The sample size of 314 people was obtained by using the Cochran formula and 15 experts were interviewed using the snowball method.

Crisis management as a reaction to a crisis situation includes a series of continuous and dynamic operations and measures, which generally can act differently depending on the time and place where the crisis occurs, based on the classical principles of management including planning, organization, leadership and control organizations. In this regard, in the current research, a local model based on factors affecting urban crisis management was extracted and after analyzing the quantitative data, the effect of crisis management components in urban areas was confirmed.

Today, with the urbanization of societies and the tendency of people to urban environments, attention to a better way of living has been prioritized. In this regard, the dangers caused by natural phenomena and climatic accidents that threaten humans, neglecting the correct location of cities, the growth and development of established cities, as well as the lack of necessary planning to prevent the unbridled growth of cities. Therefore, it is necessary to use a suitable model that includes all dimensions, components and effective indicators of crisis management in urban areas.

Considering the importance of discussing the feeling of psychological security, the present research. using the field method, survey technique and questionnaire research tool, seeks to answer the main question whether there is a relationship between the desire for social identity and the feeling of psychological security among military personnel. has it? Undoubtedly, security and feeling of social security is one of the main necessities of the life of any political and social system. Today, the role and importance of social security in the progress of any society is so fundamental that considered as the basis and prerequisite for any development. The statistical population of the research that we have addressed is all the military personnel aged 18 and above in Tehran, of which 384 people have been examined as the sample size. SPSS software and Smart PLS structural equations were also used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that there is a difference between the desire for social identity (P=0.35) and its indicators, namely political identity (P=0.40), national identity (P=0.30), cultural identity (P=0.36), Group identity (P=0.26) and religious identity (P=0.38) have a positive, direct and significant relationship with employees' sense of psychological security. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. Also, the results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also show that the desire for social identity has a moderate effect on the feeling of psychological security (0.45) and the social identity variable has a total of (0.21) of the variance of the psychological security feeling variable

Basically, everything that involves the participation of citizens is formed in a context that is surrounded by common categories, and regardless of them, the participation of citizens is difficult to happen. The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model of citizen participation in Tehran. The research method is qualitative and the current situation is modeled based on Glaserian approach from the strategy of grounded theory. Along this line, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 citizens, city managers and experts in the field of citizen participation who were selected in the form of snowballs. The Glaser side is introduced, modeled. "Lack of citizen-centered approach in the municipality" was introduced as a central phenomenon and 12 categories were introduced as sub-categories. The result is that in order to increase citizen participation, it is necessary for Tehran Municipality to reform the attitude of its human resources, especially managers and policy makers, and show this change in attitude in practice and the municipality to become a participation-oriented organization, and help to change this attitude of citizens in order to prepare the ground for their presence in the field of urban participation and strengthen the central participation of the municipality and urban management, with the suggestions presented at the end of the article, to fill the gaps.

More than one million Iranians live with a disability. Research has shown that people with disabilities are more vulnerable to disasters. The lack of knowledge and awareness, as well as accurate information and comprehensive statistical data on people with disabilities, is one of the major challenges in the first few days of the disaster, which leads to inaccurate programming and more vulnerability. Global assemblies have paid special attention to disability. Out of the 17 goals of sustainable development, 5 targets are for disabled people, which should be considered in all indicators of sustainable development goals. The purpose of this research is to provide information on various types of disabilities in the city of Tehran and their challenges, especially in times of disaster, in order to address the situation of these people based on the goals of sustainable development with awareness and recognition.

The present research is descriptive-analytic. In this study, statistics on various types of disabilities were extracted from the Iranian Statistical Center and then processed in the GIS software environment. The statistical indicators of this study include people with sensory disabilities (people with blind, deaf and deaf status, speech impairment), people with physical disabilities (people with a defect in the trunk, hand or foot) and people with mental disabilities (people with different mental disabilities). In order to calculate the total index, the sensory, physical and mental indices were calculated first with the same weighting statistics. Subsequently, the total disability index was calculated as the sum of sub-indices. Finally zoning conducted with geometrical interval method in GIS environment and determined prioritized regions.

One of the most important planning needs for this vulnerable group in the pre disaster period is to know their demographic distribution and knowledge of their needs at times of disaster, such as emergency evacuation, camps, emergency accommodation and food distribution, access Residential facilities and auxiliary facilities as well as after-care needs include those that need to be considered during reconstruction, recovery, and rehabilitation. In view of the importance of these needs and planning for its provision, the situation of the people with disability in Tehran (total people with various disabilities, speech, physical, blind, deaf and mentally handicapped) and the problems of each group of people with disabilities, with the distribution of them by gender in the city Tehran were investigated.

For the purpose of comprehensive disaster management planning and risk reduction programs to meet the needs and minimize the damage to this demographic group, final priority was drawn based on the total index of disability with emphasis on women. Based on the results of this prioritization, Region 4, Region 1, Region 2, and Region 5 were determined for critical disaster management planning and educational capacity building respectively.

Population groups are not the same in terms of vulnerabilities in respect of natural hazards occurrence, and women, children and the elderly persons, are more vulnerable than other populations. Gender can also affect the vulnerabilities so that experiences from past disasters have shown that women and girls are more vulnerable to men and boys. On the other hand, women and girls, if they are empowered, can enhance community capacity in the face of natural disasters. The marital status of individuals such as single, married, widowed and divorced also affects the degree of vulnerability of individuals. Therefore, studying the status of vulnerable populations can be crucial in proper planning to prevent and reduce disaster risks and, today, the gender perspective is one of the smartest approaches to manage and reduce disaster risks. The objective of this paper is vulnerability zoning of Tehran in natural disasters with population groups perspective. It considers gender disaggregated data on vulnerable populations including children (girls and boys), women and men (considering their marital status), and elderly persons (elderly women and men).

In this paper, Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to identify and prioritize the vulnerable areas of the city. The proposed method includes constructing a hierarchical structure of criteria and sub-criteria, preparing vulnerability maps based on each sub-criterion, generating a binary comparison matrix, calculating the significance coefficient of criteria and sub-criteria, calculating the consistency ratio and calculating each area vulnerability. Thus, priority urban areas are identified for empowerment and capacity building.

Tehran is a vulnerable city in respect of natural hazards occurrence, and the status of population groups have increased its vulnerability. In this paper, according to the gender disaggregated data on vulnerable population groups in the 22 districts of Tehran, vulnerable districts were identified and prioritized.

Based on the findings, districts 4, 5, 15, and 20 are priority areas that need to be empowered vulnerable populations.

Today, among the various approaches proposed in the field of urban management, good urban governance is one of the most famous and most effective approaches

The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate the most significant variables and principal determinants affecting the future of urban governance up to the 2031 horizon for the Tehran metropolis. It was also looking for the most likely scenarios in the field of urban governance in the 2032 horizon for the Tehran metropolis. Research

The present study used structural analysis and cross-effect analysis to look to analyze the data. The data and information required for the research were a combination of quantitative and qualitative data, which were gathered through documentary research and survey method (questionnaire) and interview with experts in a Delphi model. For data analysis, MICMAC software was used to analyze the interactions of variables and Morphol software to compile scenarios.

Finally, out of a total of 100,000 output scenarios, 5000 scenarios were identified as valid and, given the impossibility of analyzing this number, 10 scenarios with high inertia were selected, and among these 10 scenarios, 4 scenarios with the highest inertia and repeat rates of over 90% were analyzed in subsequent scenarios.

The results showed that there was no any ideal scenario among the scenarios and the only favorable scenario was the response variable that has been repeated in all four scenarios, which indicated the weakness of Tehran's metropolitan management structure in realizing good urban governance.

The tourism industry is now recognized as the world's largest provider of services in terms of income, which has, in addition to economic dimensions, expanded social justice and strengthened national identity. Meanwhile, urban tourism is one of the basic foundations of sustainable urban development. Urban tourism has received great attention due to its competitive advantages and abilities. The purpose of this research is to develop a sustainable tourism development strategy in the 12th district of Tehran with a structural-interpretation modeling approach. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose. To determine the strategy for sustainable tourism development (District 12 of Tehran), using expert opinions including university professors and research centers, the factors were determined by the Delphi method. ISM Interpretative-Structural Modeling is used to analyze the information. The statistical population of this research is made up of experts familiar with the tourism industry in Tehran province and has been used by 18 experts as examples. The results show that the factors of elaboration of clear and comprehensive regional policies in the field of tourism for attracting tourists, promoting the level of people's culture in the course of dealing with and accepting tourists, increasing the level of public safety of the society, the most influential factors of sustainable tourism development in the region Coming.