جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر ایلام » در نشریات گروه « عمران »

The construction of residential complexes to provide urban housing is inevitable due to the growing population. However, how to build these complexes and coordinate them with the psyche, emotions, and identity of individuals, and consequently, ensuring life quality are more important factors that have not received much attention from relevant authorities. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of architecture in improving the quality of life with an emphasis on environmental psychology in residential complexes by descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study consists of residents of residential complexes in Ilam, of which 383 people are selected by cluster random sampling. It should be noted that sample size is determined using the Cochran's formula. The research questionnaire has been confirmed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha reliability of higher than 0.7. Data analysis is performed using one-sample t-test, correlation and multiple regression in SPSS software. Findings indicate that the level of life quality in residential complexes is moderate (3.38) and the architecture of these residential complexes does not meet the standards (2.32). There is also a significant relationship between demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, education and income) with the quality of life of residential complexes. In addition, there exists a significant relationship between the components of standard architecture (location, land, built area, design, and construction technology) and improving the quality of life of residential complexes. Finally, it is found that the components of construction technology, education and marital status explain 44% of changes in the dependent variable.

The present study aims to identify and rank the obstacles to the full implementation of the comprehensive and detailed plan of Ilam city. This research is applied in terms of its objective and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) research in terms of data collection method. The statistical population consists of two sections: the qualitative section consisting of 30 experts of the municipality and members of the city council of Ilam and the quantitative section including all employees of the Ilam municipality, i.e. 225 people. A researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect data, whose face and content validities are confirmed by supervisor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used to determine its reliability, turning out to be 0.90, which is statistically acceptable. Research hypotheses are tested by SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.5 software. The statistical methods used in this research are Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify the normality of the data, the structural equation modeling to investigate the hypotheses, and also fuzzy Delphi technique to rank the variables. Based on the results of factor analysis, factor load of obstacles to the full implementation of the comprehensive and detailed plan of Ilam city is greater than 0.50 and their significant coefficients are greater than 1.96. Therefore, all components (lack of power concentration and execution facilities, delays in the design of the detailed and executive plans, specific feature of the plan, passive approach to the plan, inefficiency of organizations, lack of local participation, and land ownership problems) and all 24 obstacles to the full implementation of the comprehensive and detailed plan of the Ilam city are confirmed. According to the components’ ranking, the problems related to the land ownership with a weight of 0.240 have the least impact and passive approach to the plan and inefficiency of organizations with a weight of 0.355 have the greatest effect on the full implementation of the comprehensive and detailed plan of Ilam city.

Livability is a concept that is associated with some concepts of life, quality of place and healthy communities. Nowadays, urban population growth, urbanization, and the resulted problems have sharply removed living standards and livability standards from these cities. Meanwhile, the quality of life, and consequently, the livability of cities has declined sharply. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial-local livability of Ilam city areas through a descriptive-analytical method.The statistical population of this study consists of residents of 4 districts of Ilam city, 383 of whom are selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity is confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability is confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (o.72). One-sample T-test, and Friedman rankings are used to analyze the data. The results show that residents believe that spatial-local livability of Ilam city is moderate and unfavorable in terms of accessibility (m = 2.936), educational (m = 0.065), recreational -welfare (m = 0.001), and residential (m = 3.001) dimensions and is desirable in the dimensions of transportation (m = 3.362) and health-care (m = 3.181). The livability of Ilam urban areas is also ranked as Region 1, 3, 4, and 2 in order of priority.

Urban Security is considered as one of the important and necessary components in urban life, which should provide citizens with safety in urban environments. Planners and designers of social spaces, especially cities, are trying to provide security for users through identifying security threatening factors especially in public spaces. In this regard, the current research aims to study urban factors affecting security of public space of 22 Bahman Square of Ilam City. The present study is an analytic-interpretive and applied type. The population includes the inhabitants of Ilam City, 384 of whom are selected as the research sample by Cochran’s method. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose face validity is confirmed and its reliability is confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.939. Data analysis is performed using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software. The results indicate that the seven factors explaining sense of security in order of priority include night security, socialization, pedestrianism, aesthetics, environmental comfort, environment structure and direct supervision.

One of the most important service centers for the citizens of a city are the banks, which is the driving force of bank branches throughout the city to attract customers and satisfy them. It is necessary that their location be selected so that it provides public access to the city's residents and maximizes profitability for the bank. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate and analyze the location of the branches of the Agricultural Bank of Ilam's central area . The study method is descriptive-analytical design. There are three branches of the Agricultural Bank in this area, where Ayatollah Heidari Street branch is in the best position for spatial analysis. Ilam branch and Ferdowsi Street Branch are also described as suitable. But Ferdowsi Street branch is not of a good quality in terms of legibility and aesthetics. Therefore, the branches of the Agricultural Bank of the Ilam city are well located and satisfy the customers.

Creating a healthy and desirable environment for life in different seasons of the year has long been a critical issue for humankind. It is important to pay attention to the thermal comfort in architectural design to enhance comfort and create high quality and low-cost construction. With the onset of modernity, housing construction has grown with the advancement of fossil-fueled technology, so that some could provide users with the thermal comfort and well-being with the international architectural design and the Athens Charter without relying on the principles of climatic and native design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of climatic elements on housing sustainability in the city of Ilam based on Mahani index, which is done by descriptive-analytic method. Data collection is based on library methods and data from the Ilam Weather Station and the Meteorological Organization of Iran for the period of 21 years. For this purpose, data analysis is performed using Excel software and based on Mahani index. The results of this research show that according to the average wet and dry indicators based on Kasmae Table, the city of Ilam has indices of A1 and A2 in 6 months of the year and has A1 index for 4 months of the year. Based on Razjooyan table, the city has A1 index for 10 months of the year, has A2 index for 6 months of the year, and has A2 for 5 months of the year. At the end of the research, suggestions and solutions will be presented.

Housing is one of the most important issue that human beings have always encountered difficulty in this regard. They have always tried to solve these problems. The necessity to pay attention to housing indices seems to be very necessary for a better understanding of the housing problems. In the city of Kermanshah, the housing problem has become a serious problem for various reasons.These problems are seen in the form of poor housing, low-quality housing, improper texture, and building materials in the settlements, which is very disturbing. Therefore, the present study examines the status of the cities of Kermanshah province during the census periods of 1996 and 2011 and the change in the status of these cities in having demographic indicators of housing. The research method is analytical and comparative. In this study, 21 quantitative and qualitative indices are identified in the housing sector, then Shannon entropy is used to allocate weights to each of them. The results show that the lack of housing coefficient and the percentage of households with minima electricity are the most important indices in the years 1996 and 2016, respectively. Then, cities are ranked using the VIKOR model. The result of the ranking indicates that the city of Ravansar ranked first and Harsin ranked last in 1996. In 2016, the city of Eslam Abad is ranked first, and Dalahoo is ranked last. The result of the Pearson correlation test in examining the relationship between the rates of cities accessibility with their populations indicates non correlation in 1996 and significant correlation in 2016. The result of the Pearson correlation test in examining the relationship between the rates of cities accessibility with their distance from the province capital (Kermanshah city) also shows non correlation in 1996 and significant correlation in 2016.

Ergonomics or the engineering of human factors is an interdisciplinary science whose objective is to increase the productivity, health, safety, and wellbeing of human beings in their environment. This science tries to match the environment to the needs of human beings instead of matching human beings with their environment. Ergonomics is an issue which must be considered in the modern design of neighborhoods and cities. Accordingly, the current study uses a descriptive analytical method to investigate and assess the satisfaction level of citizens with the status of urban ergonomics of Sa’di Neighborhood in Ilam City. The study uses library studies, observations, and field studies using questionnaires and observations to gather the required data. The questionnaire used in this study has been developed by the researcher and its validity has been confirmed by university professors and other experts in this field. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, which was equal to 0.934, indicating the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics (Hall Yen and Ten indicators, and single-sample T-test) in SPSS software application. The results of the study indicate that from the point of view of the citizens, the status of the ergonomics of Sa’di neighborhood in Ilam City is not satisfactory. The inhabitants are not satisfied with the safety status and the ergonomics of this neighborhood, the health of the environment, the ergonomics of urban furniture, and the ergonomics of public status in Sa’di neighborhood. In other words, when designing the space and environment of Sa’di neighborhood in Ilam City, urban ergonomics or human factors have not been considered.

Urban managers have always tried to attract public participation in order to realize their goals with regards to urban development and urban management. The participation of citizens in urban affairs is one of the important principles of sustainability and democracy in urban environments. Considering the importance of participating in the urban development and management of a city, the main objective of the current study is to evaluate and investigate the methods for citizenship participation in the urban development of Ilam City using a descriptive-correlative methodology. The statistical population of the study includes all the residents of Ilam City. Based on Cochran’s Formula, a sample of 200 heads of households in four zones of Ilam City were selected using random cluster sampling and they were asked to complete the questionnaire of the study. The questionnaire used here was developed by the researcher; its validity was confirmed by experts in this field and its reliability, based on Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, was 0.83, which is acceptable. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software application. The results of the study show that the level of participation shown by citizens of Ilam City in urban affairs was lower than the average threshold, while its level varies from one area of the city to the other. Moreover, financial participation with a value of 2.514 was ranked as the top participation method was instrumental participation with a value of 2.181 was ranked last. Furthermore, there was a positive and significant relationship between various types of participation (financial, political, physical, instrumental, subjective, and spiritual) and the urban development of Ilam City. Also, financial, political, physical, subjective and spiritual participation in urban development of Ilam City explained 51 percent of the variance in urban development of Ilam City.

Nowadays, in the aftermath of disastrous events, communities are trying to quickly return to normal status. Therefore, in recent years, the issue of resiliency has gained much more attention. The social dimension, which is one of the main components of resiliency, involves investigating the social capacity of communities under critical conditions. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate and investigate the level of social resiliency in Ilam City using a descriptive analytical methodology. The statistical population of the study includes the residents of Ilam City, among which 381 participants were selected using multi-step cluster random sampling based on the proportions of the population in selected areas. The questionnaire of the study was developed by the researcher; its validity was confirmed using formal validity while its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha which was equal to 0.85. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software application. The results show that social resiliency in Ilam City is not at an acceptable level. Moreover, among the selected neighborhoods, the Saadi Neighborhood with an average score of 3.10 has the highest social resiliency, while Banbarz Neighborhood with an average score of 1.64 has the lowest level of social resiliency.

Promoting entrepreneurial activities of women can be an effective incentive for economic growth and development and for improving their quality of life. Because of undesired conditions, women have not yet benefitted from various potentials for entrepreneurship. One of the desirable contexts for improving women’s entrepreneurship is to focus on the tourism industry in various regions. Women play a key important role in promoting tourism and even some of the major hotels of the world are currently managed by successful women. With a minimum amount of risk and by understanding their strong internal talents and gifts, women can start working in local and tourism contexts. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate and analyze the role that urban tourism can play in promoting women’s entrepreneurship in Ilam City using a descriptive analytical method. The statistical population of the current study includes all the 15 to 29-year-old women of Ilam City. Based on Cochran’s formula, 384 women were selected as the sample of the study and a standard questionnaire was distributed among them using a random sampling method. The questionnaire was the standardized safety questionnaire of Qeshlagh et al., whose validity and reliability (an alpha coefficient of 0.898) have already been confirmed. In order to analyze the obtained data, simple linear regression test was utilized. The results obtained from analyzing the research hypotheses show that urban tourism is an effective and important factor in promoting women’s entrepreneurship in Ilam City. Moreover, urban tourism is an effective and important factor in increasing risk taking, creativity and innovativeness, and self-esteem, and in reducing passiveness among women of Ilam City.

Nowadays, with theincreasing importance of city development on the one hand, and the methods of city development on the other, the necessity to examine the pattern of physical-spatial development of Ilam City is clear. Rapid and irregular physical-spatial development of Ilam City in recent years has resulted in undesirable economic, social, and physical results. Therefore, considering these issues, the objective of this study is to evaluate the pattern of physical-spatial development of Ilam City. The study is looking to investigate the pattern of physical-spatial development of Ilam City using Shannon and Holdren entropy models. This study is an applied-developmental study and its methodology is descriptive-analytical. In this study, the statistical population is Ilam City.In terms of physical division, Ilam City is divided into 4 districts which are examined in this study. Using library study method, theoreticalfoundations of the research were obtained. Then, using field observation and after data collection from the comprehensive developmental plan of Ilam City, the annual statistical publication and categorizing these data, direct observation method was used for completing the missing data. Finally, by combining the data and using Shannon and Holdren entropy models, the exiting pattern of the city's physical growth was determined. The obtained data were analyzed using Shannon and Holdren entropy and a number of indices (i.e. population, gross per capita, area of each of the regions, and the total area of the city) were used for analyzing the models. Shannon entropy model was estimated for all four regions for years 1991-2012, and results of analysis for both decades were close to maximum entropy value, which indicates the horizontal sprawl growth of Ilam City in these decades. Holdren model was calculated for both decades (1991-2002) and the decade (2002-2012), and the result of analysis showed negative physical growth of Ilam City. The result of analysis of Holdren model for the 20-year period (1991-2012) is equal to 1.68%for population growth and -0.68% for physical growth. Therefore, it can be said that, compared to its population growth, Ilam City has been experiencing a negative physical growth in this period and the development of the city has been interrupted. Moreover, increasing population density, reducing gross per capita of urban land, and horizontal irregular growth (sprawl) of Ilam City are results of the Holdren model. Finally, in order to mitigate the sprawl and horizontal growth of Ilam City, infill development pattern (internal development) is recommended.

Sustainability has emerged as an effective and challenging concept in business andpolitics so we need to know it wholly to have a big change in order to decrease the harmful environmental and social effects which are the outcomes of current unsustainable business methods. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of tourism in entrepreneurship and tourism sustainability in Ilam City. This research is a descriptive practical survey. The population includes the inhabitants of Ilam City and 384 of them were chosen as a sample by Cochran’s method and were given the confirmed questionnaires with alpha 0.831 by Simple Random Sampling. The data is analyzed by the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in SPSS software. The findings reveal that tourism is effective in entrepreneurship and development of tourism sustainability in Ilam City and economic, social, infrastructural, environmental and individual factors have a positive and meaningful effect on entrepreneurship and development of tourism sustainability.

The structure of urban management in Iran has been established so as to pass from the centralized system, move toward the decentralized system and getting rid of existing challenges, hence planning system and management ought to accept changes in urban sustainable development as a main solution. In order to achieving a real sustainable condition in cities, it is highly required to develop some policies to construct sustainable cities. Nowadays, cities are at the center of attention in the issue of sustainability as the main consumers and distributers of goods and services. So cities need an optimal management to reduce cultural, social and servicing problems, to effectively provide comfort, relaxation and justice and also to raise morale of participation among the residents. That is why sustainable development has been concentrated in such a way that achieving urban sustainable development has become one the main principles in sustainable development in recent decades. This paper presents a more clear definition for urban management as well as investigating the relation between urban management and sustainable development. It is an analytical-descriptive research. The data was collected from the libraries and documents. The findings reveal that urban management has a positive and significant effect on achieving sustainable development in Ilam City. Moreover, cooperation and communication among urban managers have a significant and positive effect on improving indexes of urban sustainable development in Ilam City.

The growth of population and urbanization in recent years have increased the attention to urban planning andmanagement. Making plans of the perspectives and development is one of the strategies which the urban officials use it to avoid the probable problems in urban management. The City Development Strategy (CDS) is a strategic uideline which has been welcomed by many developing countries. Hence, the aim of this study is to analyze the position of CDS’s indices in Ilam City. It is an analytical-descriptive research. The statistical population includes the experts of urban management and citizens of Ilam City that 80 of the experts were chosen as the sample by the Convenience Sampling Method and 384 of citizens were chosen by Simple Random Sampling Method. Then, they were given the questionnaires. The questionnaire is researcher-made which its validity was confirmed by the university teachers and its reliability was confirmed . 914 by Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the data, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, binominal-test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test were done. The findings reveal that the conditions of urban development indices in Ilam City are improper with the mean of 2. 754 according to the experts and 2. 448 according to the citizens. Moreover, the opinions of both groups of the statistical population are different from each other about the importance of CDSs except about the strategy of banking with the approach of technology. The most important city development strategy in Ilam City is banking with the approach of technology according to both experts and citizens with the mean of 2. 571

The aim of this paper is to recognize and prioritize the challenges in management of urban development. The research has an analytical-exploratory mixed method. The data was gathered from the libraries and by field study. And, questionnaires and interviews were used. The population in the qualitative stage includes 30 executive managers in Ilam City and in the quantitative stage includes the experts and managers of municipalities, Water and Waste Water Company, and Health and Medical Company that 80 of them were chosen as the sample by onvenience Method and were given the questionnaires. The questionnaire was researcher-made which its validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis in LISREL Software. To test the hypotheses, Binominal Test and Friedman were done in SPSS software. Investigating the challenges, 9 challenges were determined including the managerial challenges, legal-administrative, economic, body-physical, cultural-social, infrastructural, supervising, environmental , and budget-financial challenges of which the legal-administrative challenge is the most important one from the views of the experts.

The current study tries to investigate the role of social ecology in the worn-out urban textures of the central core in Ilam City. One of the main problems in Iran is the fatigue of urban textures. The worn-out urban textures, of any kind, are considered as challenges for the life of the city and whatever is left in the abandoned worn-out textures will not only precipitate in those areas but also it will spread to the entire city and will be reflect on the perspective of the city. The case study is the central district of Ilam City which is one the oldest areas. The method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes all the residents in the worn-out textures of the central zone in Ilam City, which is13365 people. Moreover, the statistical sample of the study is 371 people by the use of Cochran’s formula and by the Simple Random Sampling Method. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher whose validity was confirmed by different academic experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha, which was 0.83. The results of the study show that all the hypotheses of the study are confirmed. This means that the economic, social, and cultural state of the residents of the central area of Ilam City affect the fatigue and inefficiency of this area.

As the most powerful and effective streets redesign movements, the pedestrian navigation and pedestrian evacuation policies are the solutions applied in recent decades in order to reduce the negative propaganda of the massive car presence in cities as well as the social, economic and environmental prosperities of urban centers so that many managers and policymakers from cities in developed and developing countries have prioritized accurate and well-designed spaces and streets and then, applied road construction and restoration projects, while reducing the environmental impact of auto-axial, have also provided economic, social and institutional rehabilitation of urban centers. In this regard; in the present research of which aims to choose appropriate policies to improve the pedestrian position in the city and reduce the dominance of automobiles in Ilam’s central texture, two strategies of pedestrian navigation (i.e., personal vehicle traffic jam reduction) and pedestrian evacuation (i.e., the complete removal of personal vehicles) are compared inside the central part of the city. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the field observations were used for data collection. The criteria and indicators of evaluations of these two strategies were extracted from the internal resources and examined by AHP method as well as the Expert Choice software for criteria and sub-criteria. The study of these criteria in the case study shows the superiority of the pedestrian navigation strategy to the pedestrian evacuation strategy.