seed vigour

In order to investigate the compounds and anti-injury properties of the medicinal plant Anghuzeh on the germination of the seeds of two weeds, red root crown and wild oat, a research was carried out in the form of 4 separate experiments in 2022 in the seed technology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University in a factorial form in a completely randomized design in three replications. were implemented The factors of the experiments included two types of angouzeh juice (bitter and sweet) with concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 micrograms/liter. Also, a control (zero concentration of the stimulus) was considered next to the main experiments. In the first two experiments, the ethanolic extract was used and in the next two experiments, the aqueous extract of angouzeh powder was used separately on two weeds. The results showed that the use of aqueous extracts of both types of bitter and sweet angoose more than the ethanolic extract decreased the germination characteristics of the seeds of both weeds, and the concentration of 1000 µg/liter of both types of angoose juice in both extract. In all the experiments, the germination speed of the seeds of both redroot pigweed and oat plants was less strongly affected by the concentrations of angouzeh juice compared to other traits. In general, the results showed that the aqueous extract of both types of bitter and sweet angoose had a greater effect on the germination characteristics of the seeds of two types of weed.

Yarrow (Achillea) is one of the most important species of medicinal plants that has many applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries. In order to investigate the effect of seed priming on the germination characteristics of degenerate seeds,, A factorial As the form of completely randomized design with 3 replications carried in the greenhouse of the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Research Institute Forests and Rangeland in 2022.. I, three yarrow species, Achillea.nobolis, A.millifolium and A.tenufolia, were artificially senesced by applying a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius and a relative humidity of 100% (for 0, 48 hours, 72 hours), seed priming at 3 levels, including hydropriming (soaking for 24 hours in distilled water), gibberellic acid, 250 and 500 ppm. The analysis of variance showed that there were main and interaction effects of species, seed priming and seed deterioration for all the traits of emergence Characteristics were significant at P≤ 1% . Comparison of the species showed , that of A. nobolis species higher values of all traits except for dry matter compare with two other species.The species of A. millifolium was ranked as second level. The highest emergence rate was obtained in non- deteriorated (hydro) seeds. Three species have high average mean values with gibberellic acid 250 ppm for all traits except the ratio of root/stem and percentage of dry matter. . The highest root length /Shoot were obtained with gibberellic acid 250 ppm, which indicates that the aged seeds inside Pots have more rooting improvement for their survival

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the quality characteristics of barley seeds. Therefore, this factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design in greenhouse complex at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 1402-1403. This study considered three factors of waterlogging stress, concentrations of salicylic acid, and time of foliar application of hormone. So the foliar application of salicylic acid in four concentrations (zero, one, two, and four mM) and two stages (the last day of flooding and during the growth recovery period) and waterlogging stress at two levels (control and application of waterlogging condition at the end of stem elongation) were applied. The results showed that waterlogging stress had an effect on most of the morphological traits of the plant and also on the quality characteristics of the barley seeds except for the number of leaves, the number of fertile spikes in the plant, and the number of non-fertile spikes in the plant and caused a decrease in these traits. On the other hand, foliar spraying of salicylic acid compensated for this decrease in the mentioned traits. So in these traits, the effect of salicylic acid in the second foliar spraying was greater than the first foliar spraying; and in both times, the concentration of 4 mM had the greatest effect on the aforementioned traits.

Germination of seeds, one of the most critical stages of plant cycle is greatly influenced by drought stress. In this way, the effects of ascorbic acid to improve germination and antioxidant enzyme activities in sheep fescue seeds under drought stress were studied. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was done. None- primed seed (control group) and priming of different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM) under 0, -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa drought stress levels were evaluated. The results showed that seed priming with ascorbic acid in different drought levels increased some traits such as germination percentage, vigour index, plumule and radicle length, soluble carbohydrates and protein contents and antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase). While it decreased mean germination time, electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content in comparison to nonprime seeds. So seed priming with 1 and 2 mM of ascorbic acid in -1.2 MPa level increased vigour index, soluble carbohydrates and proteins, respectively by 167.03, 22.26, 35.77, 187.91, 22.61 and 30.20% compared to nonprimed seeds. Also, it increased activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, respectively by 11.85, 22.81, 12.25, 13.83, 31.33 and 9.93% compared to non-primed seeds. Therefore, the use of 1 and 2 mM ascorbic acid concentrations to reduce the negative effects caused by drought stress is recommended.

The weed invasion is one of the main yield-reducing factors in crops. They are potent competitors on vital resources which limits the availability of the resources for crops. Allelopathy is one of the weedschr('39') abilities that commonly with inhibitory influences, affects plant communitieschr('39') behavior. Therefore, the evaluation of these compoundschr('39') effects is important on crop plants. Also, the identification of allelopathic plants and their bioactive compounds can be a suitable approach to weed management. Thus, the aim of this study was the evaluation of the allelopathic potential of C. falcate on germination indices of wheat seeds and the mode of action of the extract on some enzyme activities. Furthermore, secondary metabolites in methanolic root extract were identified and reported.

Germination and seedling experiments of Triticum aestivum var. Sardary seeds were tested by 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations of C. falcata root extracts based on CRD with four replications at the research laboratory of Maragheh University during 2018-19. Also, the influence of the extract was studied on enzyme activities of alpha-amylase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase. Furthermore, chemical compounds of the root methanolic extract identified by GC/MS instruments.

Germination percentage and germination rate decreased significantly with the increase in the concentration of the extract, and germination stopped at concentrations above 15%. The results of seedling growth showed severe inhibitory effects of the extract on radicle and shoot organs of wheat seedlings that associated with reducing of the lengths and weights of the organs, and consequently, the vigor of seedling declined. The extract significantly reduced the activity of alpha-amylase, however, the activities of antioxidant enzymes first increased at low and medium concentrations but at high concentrations, the activities declined. The phytochemical analysis identified 62 compounds in the root of this plant that Octadecatrienal, Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidin-4-one, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1 (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Isopropyl isothiocyanate, and Cyclohexanone could be effective compounds on seed germination.

C. falcata had a very strong inhibitory effect on the seed viability and seed vigor of the wheat seeds. According to the results, the mode of action of the allelopathic compounds is induced by induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of seed reserves remobilization during germination. The high sensitivity of alpha-amylase activity to allelochemicals was detected in this experiment. The decrease in the activity of all studied enzymes at high concentrations of C. falcata root extract was also significant. Stearic acid and palmitic acid derivatives accounted for about 30% of the compounds, which are very likely to interfere with the activity of the enzymes.

This research was conducted in order to study correlationof hybrid maize single cross SC704 parental inbred lines seed germination ability and vigour and seedling field emergence in seed analysis laboratory research field of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) at Karaj. Experiment treatments were hybrid maize single cross SC704 parental inbred MO17, B73rfc and B73cms by 87, 90 and 93 percent initial germination ability. By standard germination test conducting normal seedlings percent, mean germination Time, coefficient of velocity of germination, daily germination speed, mean daily germination, seedling  length and dry weight and seedling length and weight vigour indices determined. In field experiment final seedling emergence percent, mean seedling emergence time, seedling emergence rate, seedling field emergence index and seedling vigour index in field measured. Results indicated that by increasing initial germination ability normal seedling percent, daily germination speed and mean daily germination increased. Seeds have 93 percent of all studied lines and MO17 line had the most and lowest mean seedling emergence time in field respectively. Generally this research results indicated by increasing initial seed germination ability studied seed germination and seedling emergence indices improved and seeds having high germination ability planting, caused more final seedling field emergence and seedling vigor index in field. Also MO17 and B73CMS lines have better studied seed germination and seedling field emergence indices.

 Sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) is a corn variety that is distinguished from other varieties due to the presence of genes that affect starch production in the endosperm. Given that the most of plants including sweet corn face with problems such as non- uniform germination and poor seed emergence in the early stages of germination. Thus, the use of organic stimulants is one of the ways to reduce the harmful effects of non-biological stresses, increase seed germination, uniform appearance and increase their yield and quality. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chitosan on seed germination and some biochemical traits of sweet corn under osmotic potential conditions.

 To investigate the effect of chitosan and osmotic stress on germination and biochemical parameters of sweet corn, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University in 2017. The first factor was osmotic stress at 0, -3, -6, and -9 bar osmotic potentials and the second factor was pre-treatment at five levels of chitosan zero, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% and one level of distilled water. The seeds were immersed in the desired solutions of chitosan for 3 hours at 25 °C and under dark conditions, and then the pre-treated seeds were germinated under standard germination condition. In each petri dish, 25 seeds were placed on a filter paper and osmotic potential was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000. Seed germination was carried out in the germinator at 25 ± 1 ° C for 7 days under dark conditions. The germination traits and biochemical traits were measured according to standard methods.

 Osmotic stress reduced germination percentage and germination rate, seedling vigour length index, germination uniformity coefficient, allometric coefficient, and soluble protein content and also increased the mean germination time, proline, soluble sugar content and hydrogen peroxide. Pre-treatment of seeds with a concentration of 0.5% chitosan increased protein, proline, and soluble sugars content at all osmotic stress levels. At the osmotic stress levels, the highest and lowest levels of hydrogen peroxide respectively were observed in 0.5% chitosan treatment and distilled water treatment. The results showed that pre-treatment with 0.5% chitosan increased germination percentage and rate and seedling vigour length index, and also reduced the mean germination time and malondialdehyde. Pre-treatment of seed with zero and 1% chitosan led to reduction in some of the germination and biochemical traits in comparison with 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% chitosan.

 The results showed that seed treatment with 0.5% chitosan could reduce the harmful effects of osmotic potential on some germination and biochemical traits in sweet corn seedlings and improve seedling growth.

1-Chitosan increases the germination percentage and germination rate.
2-Chitosan increases soluble sugars, proline, and soluble protein.
3-Chitosan reduces the amount of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of storage condition on seed quality of five barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars (Usef, Nosrat, Riehan, sahra and productive), with different moisture contents (Mc)(14%, 16% and 18%) under storage condition. Seed exposed at two storage temperature (20C °and alternative temperature 20-30 . °) Experimental units were arranged factorialy in a completely randomized design with four replications. Results showed that after one year of seed storage, seeds that stored at 20-30 C° (alternative temperature) increased germination percentage and seedvigor in all cultivars. Meanwhile, germination percentage and seedling vigor were significantly affected by interaction among seed moisture content × cultivar× temperature after one year of seed storage. The highest germination percentage (99 %) was recorded for sahra cultivar in seed by 18% moisture content under storage at 20-30 C ° . Also, the maximum normal seedling were obtained from Riehan × Mc 18% × at 20-30 C° (alternative temperature) and productive× Mc 18% × 20-30C. Likewise, the minimum germination percentage (4.5%) and normal seedling (3.7%) was recorded for productive cultivar when seed harvested with Mc 14% and stored under 20 C° condition. Also, the results indicated that 20 C° storage temperature had adverse effect on seed quality when seed harvested with Mc 14% after one year storage, inall cultivars. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity (EC) increased in seed by Mc 14% with compared to Mc18% and Mc 16%. Generally, according to cultivars that examined in this experiment, the effectiveness of storage temperature on improving seedling vigor and increasing germination percentage was more pronounced at 20-30 C° (alternative temperature) along with sample with 18.0% Mc. Finally seed stored at 20-30 C° (alternative temperature) could have maintained their vigour high, it is new founding that could help to control of seed deterioration.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of polyamines (PAs) as priming agents on seed quality and vigour change with different moisture content (Mc)(14,16,18%) under 8 month storage conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) c.v Usef. Experimental units were arranged factorialy in a completely randomized design with four replications for two years. The seeds were harvested at three initial moisture contents including 18, 16, 14% using wet weight basis. The seed samples then were sealed in polythene bags and stored in conditioned storages for 8 months. After that for seed priming, seeds were soaked in aerated solution of Spermine (Spm), Puterscine (Put), and Spermidine (Spd) and distilled water (W), also untreated seeds used as control. The result in two years indicated that seed treatments significantly increased the seed viability and normall seedling percentage. Interaction between seed moisture content × seed treatments were significant (P<0.01) for Amadori and Maillard products. Mximum Amadori and Maillard product was detected for control (untreated seeds) and 14% MC .Whereas, minimum Amadori and Maillard product was detected for Spm seed treatment and 18% MC. Meanwhile, Amadori and Maillard products were reduced in all seed treatments.By increasing Amadori and Maillard products of seed, seedling vigour and seed viability decreased. It suggests that this technique could apply especially for improving vigor of barley seeds in at the end of storage period or at least one month before of this period. Generally, the effectiveness of PAs on improving seedling vigor was more pronounced in Spermine treatment.

One of the major factors for the low productivity of seeds is poor seed germination and early seedling mortality due to seed-borne fungi. Several grain-borne fungi, including species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, have been implicated as seedling pathogens of cereals. Experiments were conducted at the seed and Plant certification and Registration Research Institute. Experimental units were arranged factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors (cultivar and storage temperature). The result indicated that interaction between storage temperature × cultivar had significantly affected on seed-borne fungi after three months storage. The seed-borne fungi infestation sach as Asporgilau flavus and Penicillium decreased in all seeds that stored at 20-30C° (alternative temperature), also the Fusarium species infestation was reduced in Usef, Nosrat, and Productive Cultivars seed under storage at 20-30C°, whereas Alternaria alternate infestation was increased in all seeds that stored at 20-30 C° . Meanwhile, normal seedling percentage and seedling vigor were significantly improved by storage seeds at 20-30 C° that it was more pronounced in Sahra and Productive cultivars. Final germination percentage and normal seedling percentage increased, when seed-borne fungi infestation such as Aspergillus flavus,Penicillium sppand Fusarium spp decreased in seed samples. Generally, according to cultivars that examined in this experiment, seed stored at 20-30 C°(alternative temperature) could have maintained their vigour high, it is new founding that could help to control seed-borne fungi (Asporgilau flavus, Penicilliumsppand Fusarium spp) in storage condition also prevent of seed deterioration.

Identification of cultivars with tolerance to water stress has important for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with two factors of 20 genotypes of canola and 5 water potentials of 0, -0.15, -0.3, -0.5, and -0.8 MPa in 4 replications in Seed Technology laboratory of College of Aburaihan, during 2015-16. Seed germination of different genotypes was recorded twice in a day for each water potential at 20 oC. Thereafter, Hydrotime model was fitted to time course germination. Results indicated that Karaj1 and Opera had the lowest value of base water potential with -1.23 and -1.2 (MPa) and they were the most tolerant genotypes to drought. Genotypes of 203 and Likord had the highest value of base water potential with -0.27 and -0.22 and the most sensitive genotypes to water stress. The lowest hydrotime constant belonged to Zarfam and Talaye with 22.67 and 23.73 MPa-hours and the highest hydrotime constant belonged to 389 and Opera with 50.93 and 48.07 MPa-hours. The base water potential with 95 % had the highest broad sense heritability. Using this information it is possible to identifying genotypes with higher efficiency and more tolerate to water stress in future breeding programs to breed new genotypes with tolerance to water stress.

Seed vigour is the resultant of a broad range of physiological processes which have genetic background. The study of genetic variation, play an important role in enhancing the ability of breeders in selection and breeding operation. This study aimed to evaluate rice genotypes with the physiological and morphological characteristics related to seed vigour and grouping them in order to achieve good parents for rice breeding and hybridization program.
To study the genetic diversity of rice seed vigour, 49 rice genotypes were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2013 in Rice Research Institute of Iran-Rasht. In this study, some morphological and physiological traits related to germination and seedling growth were measured under standard germination conditions. In order to estimate the relationship between the traits, the correlation coefficients were calculated and then stepwise regression analysis were used to determine the traits that have great role in explanation of seed vigour variation. In this study, after normality test by Kolmogorov-Smirnov method, factor analysis to grouping the traits was performed by principal component analysis.
The results showed that the effect of genotype was significant for the traits related to seed vigour such as germination rate, uniformity of germination, number of normal seedling, dry weight of seedling, length of seedling, conversion efficiency of depleted seed reserve, vigour index, germination index and energy index that reflects the diversity of seed vigour between the genotype investigated. With regard the vigour index as most important trait, some traits such as length of radicle, length of shoot, length of seedling and germination rate have the most significant and positive correlation coefficient to vigour index. According to the results stepwise regression, length of seedling, germination rate and dry weight of radicle had more contribution in the vigour index variations. Factor analysis determined four factors that accounted 83/83% of total variations among genotypes. Based on the trait coefficients in per factor, the first factor as germination vigour, the second factor as seedling vigour, the third factor as seed physiology and fourth factor as seed physical factor were nominated. In first and second factors, germination index, germination uniformity, D05 and D95 (time it takes to reach germination percentage to 5 and 95 of maximun), germination rate, germination energy, vigour index, dry weight of radicle, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of seedlings and seedling length were caused 63% of the total variation. Cluster analysis based on the more important traits in the first and second factors distinct rice genotypes into 3 clusters.
In general, the present study by appropriate separation of rice genotypes based on the seed vigour in tree groups (native, improved and imported) showed that seed vigour in native genotypes was lower than improved and imported genotypes.

In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and seed quality criteria of Calendula officinalisL., seeds of a field experiment under application of two levels of cattle manure (without and with 20 t ha-1) and four levels of bacterial inoculant (containing N-fixing bacteria, P solubilizerbacteria, mixture of bacteria and control) were evaluated for seed quality criteria in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in Medicinal Plant Laboratory of Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, University of Tehran in 2010 and 2011. Then, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and dimension and seed germination quality criteria such as seed germination percentage, rate and uniformity, time to 95% germination, seedling weight and length and seed vigour index were investigated. Results indicated that interaction effect of manure and bacterial inoculant caused significantly the highest 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both years. Nearly, all criteria related to seed dimension affected by cow manure and also bacterial inoculants in both years. Also, application of cow manure significantly affected seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and inoculation of seed by plant growth promotion bacteria showed significant effects on seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and seed germination uniformity, time to 95% germination and seedling weight (first year). In general, using cattle manure and also plant growth promotion bacteria resulted in the highest amount of all measured criteria compared to non application of manure and bacterial inoculants.

In order to evaluate the effects of methanol on germination percentage، germination speed index، plumule and radicle length، plumule and radicle dry weigh، vigor index and consumed endosperm of bean in condition of water deficit، a factorial experiment done based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was different levels of methanol included 0 (control)، 5، 10 and 15 volumetric percentage، and second factor was negative water deficit in four levels of 0، -3، -6 and -9 bar. Results of this study showed that there was a significant difference among different methanol concentrations regarding germination percentage، germination speed index، plumule and radicle length، plumule and radicle dry weight، vigor index and consumed endosperm (p 0. 01). Different levels of methanol caused significant decrease on germination characteristics compared with control. Drought stress at -9 bar level significantly decreased germination percentage، germination speed index، radicle length، radicle dry weigh and consumed endosperm compared with other levels. Results showed that in non-stress condition، methanol levels led to significant decrease on germination characteristics compared with control. In drought stress condition، methanol levels caused significant decrease on germination percentage، plumule dry weigh، radicle length and radicle dry weight compared with control.

In order to investigate the effect of priming techniques on germination paramaters of seed were evaluated germination and growth the effect of hydropriming coneflower seeds in terms of salinity.Factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture controls.  The factores was inclouded from four levels of non-primed, 10, 20 and 30 hours priming seed and five salinity levels with distilled water (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds/m natural salt lake in Qom. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction between priming and salinity data on the percentage of germination, shoot and root dry weight of shoot and root and seed vigor was significant. Percent germination rate and increase the duration of priming and salt stress than non-primed seeds fell. But hydropriming treatment for 10 hours significantly increased salinity 3 ds/m rate and percentage of germination, shoot and root and seed vigor was. The hydropriming treatment for 10 hours under salt stress shoot and root dry weight increased 6 ds/m what happened. Thus, according to the priorities of germination or growth of root and shoot, as well as the cost of seed priming can be hydropriming treatment for 10 hours under salt stress 6 ds/m as the most favorable for seed germination hydropriming coneflower recommended.

To evaluate the effect of priming on seed germination of Cucurbita pepo in drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included drought stress at five levels of osmotic potential (zero, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 MP), priming at levels of GA3 (250 ppm to 24 hours), KNO3 (0.2% for 24 hours) Hydro prime (H2O) (to 24 hours) and control. The results showed that priming effect was significant on germination percentage, germination rate, mean daily germination, average time required for germination and germination rate index. Significant difference was found between drought stress on seed germination rate. In addition, the interaction of seed priming and drought stress was significant on all traits (germination percentage, germination rate, average daily germination, average time required for germination, germination rate daily, coefficient of germination rate and the seed vigor). Seed priming, particularly in severe drought stress levels, led to increase significantly in mean germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor. Furthermore, the results of our study indicated that Cucurbita pepo seed priming had partial resistance against drought. Gibberellin acid in the first grade and the hydro priming in second grade can improve the germination and growth of the seedlings under drought stress.

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of drought stress andnutritioning with natural products on seed vigour under drought stress condition. Farm treatments were drought stress in four levels including normal irrigation (control), irrigation cessation at flowering, podding and flowering to physiological maturity stages and spraying with natural products in three level including spraying with distilled water (control), spraying with humic acid and spraying with seaweed extract and three varieties Hashem, ILC 482and local Miami (Local landrace) were used. Drought stress at germination stage induced by 0.8 MPa polyethylene glycol solution. The results showed that stressed seeds were larger than normal seeds and had higher germination percentage and mean germination time. Spraying could not alleviate the negative effect of drought stress. Totally drought stress on maternal plant was effective on stress tolerance and Miami (local landrace) was better than the other varieties. Results demonstrated that it is possible to enhance germination in stressed condition with making change in maternal environment.

Increased salt tolerance is essential need for sustainable barley production in areas with risk of salinisation. This requires new genetic sources of salt tolerance, and more efficient techniques for identifying salt-tolerant germplasms. This study, conduct to access salt tolerance in primary growth stage of eight barley cultivars and find the most beneficial salt tolerance traits in this stage. The cultivars were studied at Non-Stress (Normal) and salinity stress (24 dS/m) condition with four replication. Results of ANOVA showed significant differences among cultivars and condition for most traits, which demonstrates high diversity among combinations that enabled us to screen salinity tolerant cultivar. Estimation of coefficient of genotypic variation (GCV) showed less than estimate of coefficient phenotypic variation (PCV) under salinity stress condition for most traits. Also germination prcentage under salinity stress condition had high GCV and h2and suggested that there is high importance of additive gene action for seed vigority. So using these traits as selection index can be effective. Cluster analysis with Wardandrsquo;s method for both condition classified hybrids into three different groups. According to the results of this research, genotypes Salt Toleranc,EB-81-15,NomarandNimrozidentified as tolerant lines cultivars to salinity at germination stage and early seedling growth.

To determine relationship between mean germination time (MGT) and seed vigour in maize Hybrids and liness an experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ferdowsi in year 2008. Germination test was carried out utilizing six maize Hybrids and liness (DC370, SC704, KSC400, OSSK713, SC700, B73) in a randomized completely design with four replicates of 25 seeds per replication at 24anddeg;C. Results indicated germination of Hybrids and liness ranged from 86 to 96 percentages. DC370 Hybrids and lines had significantly the lowest normal seedlings (60%) and the lowest seedlings length (16.7 cm) while OSSK713 had the highest seedlings length (20.7 cm). MGT of B73 Hybrids and lines was the highest (3.9 days) and its coefficient variation (CV) of seedling length was significantly the greatest (6.58%) (low seed vigour). Significantly negative correlation between MGT and germination percentage (r = -0.84) was found while positive correlation between MGT with CV of seedling length was shown, that means a larger variation on seedling length in Hybrids and liness with slow germination rate (higher MGT). Therefore, it was concluded that MGT is a good indicator to assess the maize seed vigour.